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(2nd Semester) English Level 2: 1st Assignment - Part of Speech & English Tenses
(2nd Semester) English Level 2: 1st Assignment - Part of Speech & English Tenses
(2nd Semester) English Level 2: 1st Assignment - Part of Speech & English Tenses
English is the most widespread language in the world and is more widely spoken and
written than any other language. It began as a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-
Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the
influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the economic, political,
military, scientific, cultural, and colonial influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom
from the 18th century, via the British Empire, and of the United States since the mid-20th
century. Nowadays, it is important to learn English because it prepares and allows the students to
accommodate in the real world. As we all know, English contains part of speech and tenses;
tenses such as simple past tense, simple present tense and future tense, to allow a person to create
a sentence.
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Part of Speech
Part of speech is a traditional term for the categories into which words are classified according to
their functions in sentences. In other words, every single word can be categorized into one of
1. Nouns
A noun is used as the subject, as any kind of object, and as the predicate nominative
(noun complement).
2. Pronouns
A pronoun is a word used to take the place of a noun. A pronoun is used as a noun.
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3. Verbs
A verb may be composed of several words (the main verb preceded by one or more
auxiliary or helping verbs), called a verb phrase:
4. Adjectives
Adjectives answer these questions: What kind? Which one(s)? How many (or how
much)? Whose?
5. Adverbs
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An adverb is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. In some cases
adverbs may modify other parts of speech – a preposition or a conjunction – or
other sentence elements – a verbal or occasionally a substantive:
Adverbs answer these questions: How? When? Where? Why? Under what condition?
To what extent or degree?
6. Prepositions
A preposition shows the relations between its object and some other word in the
sentence:
We walked through the woods. (through shows the nature of the relations between
woods, its object, and walked, the verb.)
7. Conjunctions
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Bob and Linda are here. (and connects the two subjects, Bob and Linda.)
She came, but she did not stay. (but connects the two independent clauses, she
came and she did not stay.)
She came while you were away. (a single word connecting clauses)
The teachers as well as the students had a good time. (a group of words used as a
conjunction)
The coordinating conjunctions in most general use include and, but, for, or, nor, so, and
yet.
The conjunctive adverbs, such as however, then, therefore , and thus, also connect
independent clauses.
A subordinating conjunction connects two clauses of unequal rank; that is, it joins a
dependent (subordinate) clause to the independent clause on which it depends:
Some of the subordinating conjunctions are as, as if, because, before, if, since, that, till,
unless, when, where, and whether. The relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which,
what, and that also serve as subordinating conjunctions.
Conjunctions that are used in pairs are called correlative conjunctions and include both –
and, either – or, neither – nor, and not only – but also.
8. Interjections
An interjection is a familiar word that has no grammatical relation to the rest of the
sentence and that commands attention or expresses strong feeling: ah, gosh, hurrah,
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oh, ouch, shh, whew, etc.
Strong interjections are followed by an exclamation point. When used in sentences, mild
interjections are set off by commas.
English Tenses
Grammatical tense is a temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a
state or action denoted by a verb occurs. It is divided into three groups which are:
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1. Present tenses
Present continuous
Present simple
Present perfect
2. Past tenses
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past simple
3. Future tenses
Future simple
Future continuous
Future perfect
The basic tenses are the simple present tense, simple past tense, and simple future tense.
interesting tense because it can express both the present and the future.
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The simple present tense is used when:
the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.
Other examples:
With the verb ‘to be’, the simple present tense can also be used for situations that are not
general. The simple present tense can be used to talk about now. Examples shown below are
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examples of the verb "to be" in the simple present tense - some of them are general, some of
Am I right?
Tara is not at home.
You are happy.
I am not fat.
Why are you so beautiful?
Ram is tall.
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The simple past tense is sometimes called the preterite tense. Several tenses can be used to talk
about the past, but the simple past tense is the one we use most often. The actions can be short or
long. There can also be a few actions happening one after another.
We use the simple past tense to talk about an action or a situation - an event - in the past. The
Here are some short events with the simple past tense:
Here are some long events with the simple past tense:
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It does not matter how long ago the event is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the past, or
millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter how long the event is. It can be a few
In general, if the time or place of the event is mentioned, the simple past tense must be in use;
Usually when we tell a story, we usually use the simple past tense. We may use the past
continuous tense to "set the scene", but we almost always use the simple past tense for the action.
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Simple Future Tense
Among all future tenses, the Future Simple is the most common. It is used in many situations
such as when making promises or predictions. The simple future tense is often called will,
because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.
The simple future tense is used when there is no plan or decision to do something before a person
speaks. The decision is made spontaneously at the time of speaking. For example:
In these examples, the subject had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the
time of speaking.
The simple future tense is often used with the verb to think before it:
The simple future tense is also often used to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is
no firm plan. The subject is saying what he or she thinks will happen. For example:
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Who do you think will get the job?
When the main verb is be, the simple future tense can be used even if there is a firm plan or
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Conclusion
As a conclusion, part of speech and tenses are essential when we are speaking, writing
and learning English. Part of speech is used to arrange the words in our sentences and teaches us
about nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.
On the other hand, tenses allow us to speak according to the time and event that we want to
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References
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/partsspeechterm.htm
http://www.usp.edu/writing/handouts/ps/PS02-TheEightPartsOfSpeech.pdf
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/tenses/present_simple
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/tenses/past_simple
http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com/tenses/future_simple
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_past.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_future.htm
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