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8e Daft Chapter 02
8e Daft Chapter 02
Thinking
CHAPTER 2
Learning Objectives
Exhibit 2.1
General Approach
Developed standard method for
performing each job.
Selected workers with appropriate
abilities for each job.
Trained workers in standard method.
Supported workers by planning work
and eliminating interruptions.
Provided wage incentives to workers
for increased output.
Criticisms
Did not appreciate social context of work and higher needs of
workers.
Did not acknowledge variance among individuals.
Tended to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas
Division of labor
with Clear definitions of
authority and responsibility
Personnel are selected
and promoted based Positions organized
on technical in a hierarchy of authority
qualifications
Managers subject to
Administrative acts Rules and procedures
and decisions recorded that will ensure reliable
in writing predictable behavior
Management separate
from the ownership
of the organization
Exhibit 2.3
Division of work
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Scalar chain
Informal Organization
– Cliques
– Naturally occurring social groupings
Emphasized satisfaction of
employees’ basic needs as the key to
increased worker productivity
Started in 1895
Four experimental & three control groups
Five different tests
Test pointed to factors other than illumination
for productivity
1st Relay Assembly Test Room experiment,
was controversial, test lasted 6 years
Interpretation, money not cause of increased
output
Factor that increased output, Human Relations
Emerged after WW II
Applied mathematics, statistics, and other
quantitative techniques to managerial problems
Operations Research – mathematical modeling
Operations Management – specializes in physical
production of goods or services
Information Technology – reflected in management
information systems
● Systems Theory
● Contingency View
Exhibit 2.5
Exhibit 2.6
Team-Based Structure
Learning
Organization
Empowered Open
Employees Information
Exhibit 2.7
Business-to-Consumer B2C
Selling Products and
Services Online
Consumer-to-Consumer C2C
Business-to-Business B2B Electronic Markets
Transactions Between Created by Web-Based
Organizations Intermediaries
Exhibit 2.8