Geometry of a circle

radius

The radius of a circle is the distance from the center

of the circle to the outside edge.
 Geometry of a circle

diameter

The diameter of a circle is longest distance across a circle. 

(The diameter cuts through the center of the circle. 
This is what makes it the longest distance.)
 Geometry of a circle

circumference

The circumference of a circle is the perimeter

-- the distance around the outer edge.
 Geometry of a circle

chord

A chord of a circle is a line segment that connects one

point on the edge of the circle with another point
on the circle.
(The diameter is a chord -- it's just the longest chord!)
 Geometry of a circle

arc

An arc of a circle is a segment of the circumference of

the circle.