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Exponential Functions: What This Module Is About
Exponential Functions: What This Module Is About
Exponential Functions
“If a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0, then, ab = ac if and only if b = c.”
Examples: Solve for the value of the variable that would make the equation
true.
Since z = 3, then 72 = 7z – 1 72 = 73 – 1 72 = 72
Set A
1. 3x = 39
2. 23y = 212
3. 52z = 53
2
4. 8a – 2 = 87
5. 12m + 3 = 120
6. 44b + 1 = 45
7. 75x + 2 = 74x – 1
8. 92(x – 1) = 93x + 1
9. 64(2x – 1) = 63(x – 1)
2 + 2x
10. π x = π −1
Set B
1. 6x = 611
2. 95y = 915
3. 126z = 123
4. 10a – 4 = 10-9
5. 72b + 2 = 7b – 3
6. 23n – 7 = 2n + 5
7. 34(x + 2) = 35x – 2
8. 8– (3 – 2x) = 83(-4 + x)
2
−x
9. 4 x = 412
2 − 4x
10. 54x =5
Set C
1. 42x = 49
2. 38y = 312
3. 611z + 2 = 63z – 10
4. 24y + (2 – y) = 23 – 5y
5. 8 x
= 85
x +3
6. 5 = 52
2
7. 7 x = 7 2x −1
2
8. 9 x = 9 x + 6
2 −x
9. π 2x =π3
3
2x 2 + 5x
( 2) ( 2)
3
10. =
Lesson 2
For any real numbers a and b, and any positive real numbers m and n,
a. aman = am + n
b. (am)n = amn
c. (ab)n = anbn
am
d. n
= a m−n , a ≠ 0
a
n
an
e. = n , b ≠ 0
a
b b
f. a0 = 1
Examples:
1. (x3)(x6)
(x3)(x6) = x3 + 6
= x9
2. (x -3)2
(x -3)2 = x(-3)(2)
= x-6
1
=
x6
3. (2x -5)-3
(2x -5)-3 = 2-3x15
4
x15
=
23
x15
=
8
16x 5
4.
12x 7
16x 5 16 x 5
= ⋅
12x 7 12 x 7
4
= ⋅ x 5− 7 Simplify
3
4
= ⋅ x −2
3
4 1
= ⋅ 2
3 x
4
=
3x 2
2
1
3
64 x 3
5.
−
2
125 x 3
2 2
1
3 2 1 3
64 x = 64 · x
3 3 3
−
2 125 −2
125 x 3 x 3
2
64
2
13 + 23 3 Express rational exponents
= 3 · x in radical form and simplify.
125
4
2
33
= · x3
5
16
[ ]
2
= · x1 3
25
5
2
16 x 3
=
25
Set A
1. (x6)(x7)
2. (3x4)(-6x7)
3. (x5)4
4. (3x3)2
8x 9
5.
2x 5
−15x −2
6.
25x 5
21x 6
7.
−14x −4
8.
( −2x ) 5 2
( −4x ) 2 3
−2
8x 9
9. 5
2x
−1
(
−2x 2 3
10. )
( )
3x −3 −2
Set B
1. (5x-4)(-x2)
2. (-2x-3)(-4x-2)
3. (3x-4)3
4. (-5x-4)2
12x 8
5.
20x 3
6
−33x −6
6.
24x 2
48x 9
7.
−80x −13
8.
( −2x ) −4 2
(3x ) 2 −3
−2
6x 5
9. − 9
8x
−2
(
4x 2 −1
10. )
(
−2x −2 −3
)
Set C
−27x 6
1.
21x 4
(2x 2 )3
2.
8x 9
(3x −2 ) 4
3.
(9x 3 ) −2
(8x 6 ) 2
4.
(2x 3 ) 4
2
12 3
8x
5.
27x
1
64x −6 2
6. 2
36x
−2
32x 9
7. − −13
−72x
2
(
2x 3 −3
8. )
(
−3x 2 2
)
7
−2
2x −2
9. − 4
8x
−3
(
−2x 2 )
−2
10.
(
− 2x −2
)
−3
Lesson 3
Examples:
1. 24x + 2 = 8x – 2
Use laws of exponents to make the bases equal. Then apply the Equating
Exponents Property.
24x + 2 = 8x – 2
24x + 2 = 23(x – 2)
4x + 2 = 3(x – 2)
4x + 2 = 3x – 6
x = -8
1
2. 9-x =
27
Use laws of exponents to make the bases equal. Then apply the Equating
Exponents Property.
1
9-x =
27
32(-x) = 27-1
8
3-2x = (33)-1
3-2x = 3-3
-2x = -3
−3
x=
−2
3
x=
2
2 −5x 1
3. 2x =
16
Use laws of exponents to make the bases equal. Then apply the Equating
Exponents Property.
2 −5x 1
2x =
16
2 −5x
2x = 16−1
( )
2 −5x −1
2x = 24
2 −5x
2x = 2−4
x2 – 5x = -4
x2 – 5x + 4 = 0
(x – 1)(x – 4) = 0
x = 1 or x = 4
Set A
1. 2x = 128
2. 5x = 125
1
3. 2x =
2
4. 92x = 27
5. 2x – 1 = 32
6. 1000x = 1002x – 5
9
7. 43x + 1 = 8x – 1
8. 93x = 27x – 2
9. 8x – 1 = 163x
10. 93x + 1 = 273x + 1
Set B
1. 9x = 27
2. 4x = 128
1
3. 4x =
2
4. 3x + 2 = 27
5. 25x + 1 = 125x
6. 4x = 0.0625
1
7. 3– x =
243
1
8. 8x + 3 =
16
−x
9.
1
= 27 2x +1
3
3− 2x
10.
1
= 8− x
4
Set C
x
1. = 4
1
2
1
2. 4x =
8
3. 5x + 3 = 25
4. 9x = 27x + 1
5. 73x + 2 = 49x
6. 1213x = 11x – 1
x +3
7. 3 3
= 815+ x
x2 + x
8.
16
=1
25
10
(5 )
2
x −3
9. = 0.04
1
x
1 3 1
10. =
8 2
Lesson 4
To find the zero of an exponential function f(x), equate f(x) to 0 and solve
for x.
Examples:
1. f(x) = 2x
f(x) = 2x = 0
2x = 0
The resulting equation suggests that f(x) has no zero since no real
value of x will make 2x = 0 a true statement.
2. g(x) = 34x – 8 – 1
g(x) = 34x – 8 – 1 = 0
34x – 8 – 1 = 0
34x – 8 = 1
34x – 8 = 30
4x – 8 = 0
4x = 8
11
x=2
2x + 3
3. h(x) =
1
+9
3
2x + 3
h(x) =
1
−9 = 0
3
2x + 3
1 −9 = 0
3
2x + 3
1 =9
3
2x + 3
1 = 32
3
(3 )
−1 2x + 3
= 32
( 3)
−2x −3
= 32
-2x – 3 = 2
-2x = 5
5
x= −
2
5
The zero of h(x) is − .
2
x −1
–
2x + 3 1
4. y = 2
512
x −1
–
2x + 3 1
y=2 =0
512
x −1
22x + 3 –
1
=0
512
12
x −1
22x + 3 =
1
512
22x + 3 = ( 512 ) −1 x −1
−1 x −1
22x + 3 = 29
( )
22x + 3 = (2 )−9 x −1
( 2)
−9x + 9
22x + 3 =
2x + 3 = -9x + 9
11x = 6
6
x=
11
6
The zero of y is .
11
Set A
1. f(x) = 3x
2. g(x) = 3x + 2 - 27
3. h(x) = 4x – 1 – 64
4. p(x) = (7-x)2 – 343
5. F(x) = (0.2)x – 2 – 54x
6. G(x)= 82x – 22x + 1
x −3
7. H(x) =
1
− 81− x
2
3
8. P(x) = 4x(x – 5) –
1
16
( )
x −3
9. y = 27 − 33x −1
13
4x + 3
10. y =
2 16
−
3 81
Set B
1. f(x) = 22x – 1
2. g(x) = 165 + x – 4
3. h(x) = 103x – (0.001)x + 3
1
4. p(x) = 2x(x – 3) –
16
3x − 4
5. F(x) =
1
− 23− 2x
64
( ) −
3x −1 1
7. H(x) = 125
5
x −3
8. P(x) =
2 32
−
3 243
2x +1
9. y =
3 27
−
5 125
3x −1 x
10. y = −
4 49
7
16
Set C
1. f(x) = 92x + 2 – 27
x −3
2. g(x) = 1253x + 7 –
1
5
3. h(x) = 25x + 1 – 82x – 3
4. p(x) = 275x – 6 – 97x + 3
x
1
5. F(x) = 814 −
27
6. G(x) = (9x)(3x) – 243
x +5
7. H(x) =
3 729
−
2 64
14
2x −3
8. P(x) =
4 27
−
3 64
3x +1
9. y =
2 625
−
5
16
x −3
3 4
10. y = −
2 9
Let’s summarize
1. An exponential equation is an equation where the variable is the
exponent.
3. For any real numbers a and b, and any positive real numbers m and n,
a. aman = am + n
b. (am)n = amn
c. (ab)n = anbn
am
d. n
= a m−n , a ≠ 0
a
n
an
e. = n , b ≠ 0
a
b b
f. a0 = 1
15
7. To find the zero of an exponential function f(x), equate f(x) to 0 and solve
for x.
16
Answer Key
How much do you know
1. 4
2. 3
3. 16x10
4
4.
x10
5. 2
6. 2 ± 2
7. no zero
8. 5
3
9. 0 and
2
10. 0
Lesson 1
Set A
1. 9
2. 4
3
3.
5
4. 9
5. -3
6. 1
7. -3
8. -3
1
9.
5
10. -1
17
Set B
1. 11
2. 3
1
3.
2
4. -5
5. -5
6. 6
7. 10
8. 9
9. 4 and -3
2± 2
10.
2
Set C
9
1.
2
3
2.
2
3
3. -
2
1
4.
8
5. 25
6. 1
7. 1
8. 3 and -2
3
9. and -1
2
1
10. and -3
2
18
Lesson 2
Set A
1. x13
2. -18x11
3. x20
4. 9x6
5. 4x4
3
6. −
5x7
3x10
7. −
2
x4
8. −
4
1
9.
16 x8
1
10. −
72
Set B
5
1. −
x2
8
2.
x
27
3.
x12
25
4.
x8
3x5
5.
5
11
6. −
8 x8
3x 22
7. −
5
19
108
8.
x2
16 x8
9.
9
x16
10.
4
Set C
9x2
1. −
7
1
2.
x3
6561
3.
x2
4. 4
1
4 3
5. x
9
4
6.
3x 4
81
7. -
16 x 31
1
8.
5184 x 26
1
9.
4 x12
x 20
10. -
8
20
Lesson 3
Set A
1. 7
2. 3
3. -1
3
4.
4
5. 6
6. 10
1
7. -
5
8. -2
1
9. -
3
1
10. -
3
Set B
3
1.
2
7
2.
2
1
3. -
2
4. 1
5. 2
6. -2
7. 5
13
8. -
3
3
9. -
5
21
6
10.
7
Set C
1. -2
3
2. -
2
3. -1
4. -3
5. -2
1
6. -
5
57
7. -
11
8. 0 and -1
9. 3
10. -1
Lesson 4
Set A
1. No rational zero
2. 1
3. 4
3
4. -
2
2
5.
5
1
6.
4
7. 0
8. 2 and 3
7
9. -
3
22
1
10.
4
Set B
1. No rational zero
9
2. -
2
3
3. -
2
3±i 7
4.
2
27
5. -
16
7
6.
8
7
7.
11
8. 8
9. 1
1
10.
5
Set C
1
1. -
4
9
2. -
5
3. 10
4. 24
5. -3
5
6.
3
7. 1
8. 0
23
5
9. -
3
10. 1
1. 2
1
2. -
2
3. 125x12
4. 16x20
5. -1
3± 3
6.
2
7. none
8. 5
9. It will not cross the x-axis
10. 0
24