Aj JKK RKHJHDKK - KW WK RH T FL RPG Gpujpepjpj JTF Fotpd Mnyhridfs

~Aj;jKk;> rkhjhdKk;| kw;Wk; rh;t fl;rpg;
gpujpepjpj;Jtf; FOtpd; MNyhridfs; 1
nraw;ghl;L tiuT
fyhepjp nfhypd; Vh;tpd;

ypth;g+y; gy;fiyf;fofk;
www.peacepolls.org
MAY 2010
Kf;fpa KbTfs;
• Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh; mjpfsT rpq;fsth;fspd; Mjuitg; g+h;thq;f rh;t fl;rpg; gpujpepjpj;Jtf;

FOtpd; (All Party Representative Committee - APRC) MNyhridfs; <l;bAs;sd. ,jdhy;
mit jw;NghJ rpq;fsth;fSf;Fk;> jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> kiyafj; jkpoh;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk;
K];ypk;fSf;Fk; rkmstpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fitahFk;.
• ,yq;if KOtJk; ngUk;ghd;ikapyhd jkpoh;fSk;> K];ypk;fSk; xw;iwahl;rpia

tpUk;Gfpd;w NghjpYk;> tlf;F khfhzj;ijr; Nrh;e;j Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rpWghd;ikiaf; nfhz;l
jkpoh;fs; ~gphptpidf;fhd chpikia| ,d;Dk; nfhz;bUg;gjw;Nf tpUk;Gfpd;whh;fs;. vdpDk;>
APRC rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd; KOikahd ~nghjp|f;fhf mth;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdth;fs; ,ijf;
iftpLthh;fs;.
• ,e;jg; g+h;thq;f APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd MjuTf;fhf [dhjpgjp> murpay; kw;Wk; rkaj;

jiyth;fs; Mfpa ahtUk; nry;thf;fpidr; nrYj;j KbAk;. Mdhy;> ,g; gpur;rid kPJ jkJ
murpay;thjpfis fpof;fp;d; jkpoh;fs; gpd;gw;Wthh;fs; vd;w NghjpYk;> jkJ Mjuit vt;thW
gjpypWg;gJ vd tlf;fpd; jkpoh;fs; ~njhpahJ| ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
• nkhop kw;Wk; mbg;gil chpikfis rfy rdr%fq;fSk; gykhf Mjhpf;fpd;w NghjpYk;>

ngsj;j kjj;jpd; tpNrl epiy gw;wpa jkpoh;fspd; fhpridfs; Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh; murpay;
gpur;ridnahd;whf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
1
,e;j Muha;r;rpahdJ 2009 ngg;uthpapy; tFj;jikf;;fg;gl;l MNyhridfspd; g+h;thq;f njhFjpnahd;wpd; kPjhd
mbg;gilapyhdjhFk;.
1
cs;slf;fq;fs; gf;fk;
mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G gw;wp ……………………………………. 3
mwpKfk; ……………………………………. 3
rpq;fsth;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………………. 5
jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………………. 8
kiyafj; jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………… 11
K];ypk;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………………. 14
; pUj;jj;jpw;fhd MjuT …………………………………….

rPhj 15
tlf;F> fpof;Fj; jkpoh;fs; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpa

gFjpfspy; cs;s jkpoh;fs; kPjhd NkYk; rpy Fwpg;Gfs; 19
murpay; fl;rpapd; gjpypWg;G 21
~rka chpikfspd;| murpay; kPjhd NkYk; xU Fwpg;G 32
APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd KbTfspd; rhuhk;rk; 32
gpur;ridfs; 34
rPhj
; pUj;jk; ,y;yhtpby; 39
,yq;ifapy; APRC MNyhridfSf;F Mjuthdth;fs; my;yJ vjpuhdth;fs; 40
,yq;iff;F ntspNa Kd;Ndw;wfukhd rPh;jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd vjph;g;G 43
gpd;dpizg;G: Nfs;tpf;nfhj;J kw;Wk; Nkyjpfkhd KbTfs; 46
2
mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G gw;wp
ntw;wpfukhd tl mah;yhe;J rkhjhd eilKiwapd; mq;fkhf rkhjhdk; Fwpj;j mgpg;gpuha

thf;nfLg;gpid tpUj;jp nra;j ypth;g+y; gy;fiyf;fofj;ijr; Nrh;e;j fyhepjp nfhypd; Vh;tpdpd;
rhh;ghf> nfhOk;gpd; Nrh\y; ,d;bNfl;lhpd; (Social Indicator) gzpahshpdhy; ,e;j mgpg;gpuha
thf;nfLg;Gf;fhd Muha;r;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,j; njhlhpy; KjyhtJ mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;Gf;fhd
mstPl;Lg; gzp 2008 khh;r; khjj;jpw;Fk;> Nk khjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; Kbf;fg;gl;lJld;> tl khfhzk;
GwePq;fyhf> ,yq;ifapd; rfy ghfq;fisAk; Nrh;e;j 1>700 kf;fisf; nfhz;l vOe;jkhd
khjphpnahd;iw ,J cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. mNj Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp> Aj;jj;jpd; KbTf;F Kd;dh;
nghJrdf; fUj;jpw;F vjpuhf mg;Nghija g+h;thq;f APRC MNyhridfisr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf> xU
tUlk; fopj;J> 2009 khh;rr
; py; ,uz;lhtJ mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;lJ. xU tUlk; fopj;J>
2010 khh;r;rpy; tl khfhzj;ij cs;slf;fp> ghhpa khjphpnahd;Wld; ,Nj MNyhridfs; kPz;Lk;
Nrhjpf;fg;gl;ld. Nkyjpfkhf> MNyhridfspd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; kPJ [dhjpgjpAk;> rka kw;Wk;
murpay; jiyth;fSk; nfhz;bUf;ff;$ba Mjutpd; jhf;fj;ij mstpLtjw;fhf Nkyjpfkhf
Nfs;tpf;nfhj;jpd; ehd;F $w;Wf;fs; epUtfpf;fg;gl;ld (ml;ltiz 1). rfy Neh;Kfk; fhzy;fSk;
NeUf;F Neh; vd;w tpjj;jpy; tpsq;fpaJld;> gFg;ghag;gLfpd;w Nfs;tpf;nfhj;jpd; Nfs;tpiaAk;>
$w;wpidAk; nghWj;J jtwpd; Xuk; +/- 2%f;Fk; kw;Wk; +/- 4.3%f;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWgl;bUe;jJ.
Nkyjpfkhd KbTfSld;> gpd;dpizg;gpy; Nfs;tpf;nfhj;jpd; gpujpnahd;W toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz 1. khjphpj; jpl;lk;
eLepiy [dhjpgjp rka murpay; nkhj;jk;

rpq;fsth; 300 250 250 250 1050
jkpoh; 200 100 100 100 500
kiyafj; jkpoh; 200 75 75 75 425
K];ypk;fs; 200 75 75 75 425
nkhj;jk; 900 500 500 500 2400
mwpKfk;
Aj;jj;ijj; njhlh;e;J ePbj;jpUf;fpd;w murpay; ];jpuj;jd;ikf;Fk;> mjpfhpj;j nghUshjhu

tsh;r;rpf;Fk; kw;Wk; tho;f;ifapd; juj;jpy; Nkk;gLj;jy;fSf;Fk; cz;ikahd tha;g;nghd;Wld;
ehl;Lf;Fk;> rfy mjd; gpui[fSf;Fk; toq;Ffpd;w murpayikg;Gr; rPh;jpUj;jjq;fspd;
njhFjpnahd;iw tiutjw;fhf rh;t fl;rp gpujpepjpj;Jtf; FOit ,yq;ifapd; [dhjpgjp jhgpj;jhh;.
,luhh;e;jhPjpapy;> xU tUlj;jpw;F Kd; nghJrd fUj;jpw;F vjpuhfr; Nrhjpf;fg;gl;l NghJ> rpy rpwpa
tpjptpyf;Fld; ,e;j MNyhridfs; Fwpg;gpl;l ngUk;ghd;ikapyhd rpq;fsth;fSf;Fk;> kw;Wk;
jkpoh;fSf;Fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ (ml;ltiz 2). Mdhy;> mr; rkaj;jpy; ele;J
nfhz;bUe;j Nkhjypd; fhuzkhf> tlf;fpy; cs;s jkpoh;fs; khjphpg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. Aj;jj;jpd;
KbTlDk;> mth;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Njhy;tpAlDk; APRC MNyhridfis mth;fs;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;thh;fsh? Nkyjpfkhf> mt; Ntisapy; mj;jifa Kf;fpakhd gpur;ridfs; kPJ
fUj;njhd;iw toq;Ftjw;F 21%If; nfhz;l rpq;fsth;fSf;Fj; njhpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy my;yJ
tpUg;gkw;wpUe;jdh;. Aj;jj;jpd; KbTld;> mth;fsJ fUj;Jf;fs; khw;wkilAkh vd;gJld;>
mt;thnwdpy; ,J APRC MNyhridf;F Mjuthfth my;yJ vjpuhfth tpsq;Fk;?
3
ml;ltiz 2. Nfs;tp: ~,q;F RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW murpayikg;Gr; rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd;
nghjpnahd;Wf;F ePq;fs; Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?| (khh;r; 2009).
rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

rpq;fsth; 67 12 21
jkpoh; 86 4 10
kiyafj; jkpoh; 92 0 8
K];ypk;fs; 90 1 9
mr; rkaj;jpy; vd;WNk ,y;yhjthW kf;fspd; ed;kjpg;gpid [dhjpgjp mDgtpj;jhh; vd 2009

khh;r;rpy; elj;jg;gl;l mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ (rpq;fsth; kj;jpapy; 93% ~kpff;
$Ljyhd ek;gpf;if| my;yJ ~KOtJk; xU rpwpjsT ek;gpf;if|). vdNt> ,J mtuJ Mjutpd;
jhf;fq;fisAk;> MNyhridfspd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;jd;ik kPJ rka kw;Wk; murpay; jiyth;
nfhz;bUf;ff;$ba MjuitAk; Nrhjpg;gjw;F Kf;fpakhdjhfj; njhpe;jJ. ,f; $w;Wf;fisapl;L
Nfs;tpfis tbtikg;gjd; %yKk;> Nfs;tpf;nfhj;jpd; eLepiyapyhd $w;nwhd;wpy;
Neh;Kfq;fhzg;gLtjw;fhd eghpd; fUj;Jf;fis mj;jifa MjuT khw;Wkh vdf; Nfl;gjd; %yKk;
,J nra;ag;gl;lJ.
2009 ngg;uthpapy; APRC MNyhridfspd; rhuk;rnkhd;W> MNyhridfs; epytpathW ml;ltiz

3,y; 14 ~fhl;rp ml;ilfspd;| njhlnuhd;whfg; gl;bay;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiz
xd;wpd; kPJ xt;nthU tplaj;ijAkpl;L mth;fs; vd;d vz;zpdhh;fs; vd
Neh;Kfq;fhzg;gl;lth;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gl;lJ. mJ ~mj;jpahtrpakhdjh|> ~Vw;wjh|>
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajh|> ~jhq;fpf;nfhs;sf;$bajh|> ~my;yJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahjjh?| mLj;J
KOikahf ~nghjpiag;| gw;wp mth;fs; vd;d vz;zpdhh;fs; vdTk;> ,j;jifanjhU ~nghjpf;F|
mth;fs; Mjutspj;jhy;> vr; #o;epiyfspd; fPo; Mjutspg;ghh;fs; vdTk; mth;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gl;lJ.
ml;ltiz 3. 2009 ngg;uthpapy; mit epytpathW rhuhk;r mikg;gpy; APRC MNyhridfs;
1. murf; fl;likg;G – xw;iw Ml;rpapd; fPo; kj;jpa muRf;Fk; kw;Wk; khfhzq;fSf;fpilNa

mjpfhuq;fs; gfpug;gLk;.
2. kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd; mjpfhuq;fs; - ,t; mjpfhuq;fs; njspthf ,U

gl;bay;fspy; tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gLk;.
3. ghuhSkd;wk; - ,U rigfisf; nfhz;likAk;. Neubahf kf;fshy; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gl;l

gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l xU kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rig kw;Wk; xt;nthU khfhzj;jpw;Fk; xNu
vz;zpf;ifapyhd khfhz rl;lthf;fg; gpujpepjpfs;.
4. murpayikg;gpid jpUj;jy; - khfhzfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;gpyhd jpUj;jq;fis

nfhz;LtUtjw;F xt;nthU khfhzq;fspdJk; ehlhSkd;w Nkyit cWg;gpdh;fspy;
ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; ,U rl;lrigfspdJk; ,izg;ghf %d;wpy; ,uz;L gFjpapdUf;F Nkyhf
rhh;ghf thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fwpj;j rpy cWg;Giufspy; jpUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F;
kf;fsJ mDkjp mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G %yk; ngwg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
5. [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; - eilKiwapy; cs;s epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp KiwahdJ

jw;NghJ gjtpapy; ,Ug;gtUld; epiwT ngWtJld; Xh; gpujk ke;jphp ngUk;ghd;ikahd
gpujpepjpfspd; MjuTld; gjpyha; nt];l;kpdp];lh; Kiw mikAk;.
6. cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigapd; mjpfhuq;fs; - murpayikg;gpy; gpuj;jpNafkhf gl;bayplg;gl;l

Jizr; rl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigf;F mjpfhukspf;fg;gLk;.
7. nkhop chpik – jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fs nkhopfSf;F Njrpa kw;Wk; murfUk nkhopfshfTk;
ePjpkd;w nkhopfshfTk; ,lk;ngWtjw;fhd rk me;j];J toq;fg;gLk;. murfUk
4
NjitfSf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjj;jpy; Mq;fpyKk; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy;
fw;gpf;Fk; Clfkhf jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fsk; tpsq;Fk; Njitahd trjpfs; ,Ug;gpd;
Mq;fpyKk; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. cah;fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; rpq;fsk; jkpo; kw;Wk; Mq;fpyk;
gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
8. rka chpik – midj;J rkaq;fSf;Fkhd rkar; Rje;jpuk; cWjp nra;ag;gLtNjhL ngsj;j

kjj;jpw;F ‘Kf;fpa ,lk;’ toq;fg;gLk;.
9. mbg;gil chpik –midj;J gpui[fSf;Fkhd rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; midj;J egh;fSf;Fk;

rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapyhd ghJfhg;G cl;gl jdpg;gl;l chpikfSk; FO chpikfSk;
milahsq; fhzg;gLk;.
10. Njh;jy; Kiw – ehlhSkd;w gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk; khfhz rl;lthf;f cWg;gpdh;fs; Xh;
fyit Kiwapy; mike;j gjtp kw;Wk; tpfpjhrhu gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpid Kjd;ikahf
nfhz;l Kiwapy; njhpe;njLf;fg;gLth;.
11. ePjpkd;wq;fs; - ePjpj;Jiw epiwNtw;Wj;JiwapypUe;J Rje;jpukhdJ. Nky; KiwaPl;L

ePjpkd;wk; khfhzq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gphpTfs; kw;Wk; khfhz cah; ePjpkd;wq;fSld;
nraw;gLk;.
12. mur Nritfs; - kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khfhzq;fSf;F NtWgl;l Nritfs; fhzg;gLtJld;
Fwpj;j gphpitr; Nrh;e;j mjpfhhpfs; ehL KOtjw;Fkhd Nrit toq;Fgth;fshf
tifg;gLj;jg;gLth;. fpuhkj;jpd;> gphptpd; kw;Wk; khtl;l kl;lj;jpyhd eph;thfk; midj;Jk;
khfhzq;fspd; fPo; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;. mur Nrit ve;jsTf;F eilKiwFhpajhf
,Uf;fpd;wNjh rdj;njhifapd; cs;slf;fj;ij gpujpgypg;gJld; mJ Rje;jpukhdJ.
13. gphpe;J nry;tjw;F vjpuhd ghJfhg;G – Xh; khfhzk; murpy; ,Ue;J gphpe;J nry;tjw;F
Kaw;rpf;ifapy; mjw;F vjpuhf Nghjpa ghJfhg;ig murpay; mikg;G toq;Fk;.
14. rl;lKk; xOq;Fk; - midj;J ,df;FOkq;fisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; rpNu\;l

mjpfhhpfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,yq;if nghyp]; Nrit mikAk;. kj;jpa murpd; fPo; rpy
mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;e;J itj;jpUf;fg;gLtJld; khfhzq;fSf;fhd rpy nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;
xg;gilf;fg;gLk;. kj;jpa muR Njrpag; ghJfhg;gpw;F nghWg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.
rpq;fsth;fspd; gjpypWg;G
rpq;fsr; rdr%fj;jpd; KbTfs; 2010f;F ml;ltiz 4,Yk;> 2009f;F ml;ltiz 5,Yk;> mth;fs;
~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ| vdf; fUJk; tplaq;fs; thpir xOq;nfhd;wpy; ml;ltizfs;
6,Yk;> 7,Yk; gl;bay;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
ml;ltizfs; 4,Yk;> 5,Yk; fhzg;gLfpd;w Kf;fpakhd rjtPjq;fs; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;w

kl;lq;fshFk;. Kjyhtjhf> tl mah;yhe;J kw;Wk; kj;jpa fpof;F Nghd;w ,lq;fSld; xg;gpLk;
NghJ> ,e;j KbTfs; kpfTk; rpwe;jitahFk;. ,t;tplaq;fspy; 50 rjtPjj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;Nlhhpd;
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;w KbTfisapl;L NkYk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ.
,t;thwhf $Wtjhy; ,yq;ifahdJ tl mah;yhe;J my;yJ ,];Nuy; kw;Wk; ghy];jPdk;
Mfpaitahf tpsq;fhJ. ,yq;ifapy; murpay; #o;epiy kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhdjhFk;.
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ml;ltiz 4. APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fsth;fspd; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

khdJ $baJ nfhs;sf;$baJ KbahJ
1. mur fl;likg;G 25 42 14 3 8 8
2. kj;jpa kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd;
mjpfhuq;fs; 19 40 16 3 11 11
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 19 33 18 4 12 15
4. murpayikg;ig jpUj;Jjy; 22 40 14 5 6 13
5. [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; 23 37 13 5 15 8
6. cs;quhl;rp rigfspd;
mjpfhuq;fs; 13 36 18 9 15 10
7. nkhop chpikfs; 47 35 8 3 5 2
8. rka chpikfs; 64 25 5 2 2 1
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 60 31 7 1 2
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 21 34 15 7 8 15
11. ePjpj;Jiw 37 39 14 2 3 6
12. mur Nrit 24 36 21 4 5 11
13. gphptpidthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd
ghJfhg;Gfs; 43 33 10 3 4 7
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 39 32 10 2 9 7
15. ~nghjp| xd;whf vLf;fg;gl;l rfy
rPh;jpUj;j MNyhridfs; 20 38 22 7 4 10
ml;ltiz 5. APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fsth;fspd; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2009)
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 20 35 16 5 9 16
mjpfhuq;fs; 13 28 23 5 11 21
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 9 21 19 6 15 29
mjpfhuq;fs; 11 22 27 7 11 23
7. nkhop chpikfs; 33 35 12 3 9 8
8. rka chpikfs; 46 30 10 3 5 6
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 35 36 16 2 3 7
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 18 25 18 4 13 24
11. ePjpj;Jiw 18 28 16 4 10 24
12. mur Nrit 13 28 21 6 6 25
ghJfhg;Gfs; 18 25 19 4 8 26
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 21 25 16 7 14 17
6
2009,y; ~[dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fSf;F| ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd 23%Mf cah;thf tpsq;fpa
ngUksT APRC MNyhridfs; 2010,y; 15% kl;LNk vd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; tPor ; ;rpaile;Js;sJ
vd;gNj ,q;F ftdj;jpw;F vLg;gjw;fhd kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd KbthFk;. kpfTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftpjkhf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sjypd; kl;lq;fs; cah;tile;Js;s mNjNtis> 2010,y; ~njhpahJ| vd;w $w;W 2009,y;
,Ue;jij tpl miuthrpahFk;. mNdfkhf APRC MNyhridfspd; jpl;lkhd fUj;Jf;fspd;
ngUksT gFjpf;F Aj;jj;jpd; Kbtpd; Kd;dh; jkJ fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jaq;fpa
rpq;fsth;fs;> jw;NghJ Aj;jk; Kbtile;Js;sjhy; my;yJ mNdfkhf> Aj;jj;jpw;F gpd;dh; jkJ
ehL gphpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ vd;w tsh;r;rpAWk; jd;dk;gpf;ifapd; rk;ge;jj;Jld;> ,uhZtj; Njhy;tpAld;
Kfq;nfhLj;Js;s jkJ ehl;L jkpo; Mz;fisAk;> ngz;fisAk; Nehf;fp ngUe;jd;ikAld;
,Ug;gjw;F jPhk ; hdpj;Js;sjdhy;> jw;NghJ mf; fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,zf;fkhf kl;Lk;
,Ue;jpUg;ghh;fs;. fhuzk; vd;dthf ,Ue;jhYk;> Nghf;F njspthf ,Ug;gJld;> rpq;fsr;
rdr%fj;jpw;fhd rfy KbTfisAk; fle;J fhzg;gl KbAk;.
ml;ltiz 6. APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fs Kd;Dhpikfs; (khh;r; 2010)
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ|

1MtJ mbg;gil chpikfs; 91
2MtJ rka chpikfs; 89
3MtJ nkhop chpikfs; 82
4MtJ ePjpj;Jiw 76
5MtJ gphptpidthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd ghJfhg;Gfs; 76
6MtJ rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 71
7MtJ mur fl;likg;G 67
8MtJ murpayikg;igj; jpUj;Jjy; 62
9MtJ [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; 60
10MtJ mur Nrit 60
11MtJ kj;jpa kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd; mjpfhuq;fs; 59
12MtJ ~nghjp| xd;whf vLf;fg;gl;l rfy rPhj
; pUj;j MNyhridfs; 58
13MtJ Njh;jy; Kiwik 55
14MtJ ghuhSkd;wk; 52
15MtJ cs;quhl;rp rigfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; 49
ml;ltiz 7 APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fs Kd;Dhpikfs; (khh;r; 2009)
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ|

1MtJ rka chpikfs; 76
2MtJ mbg;gil chpikfs; 71
3MtJ nkhop chpikfs; 68
4MtJ mur fl;likg;G 55
5MtJ ePjpj;Jiw 46
6MtJ rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 46
7MtJ Njh;jy; Kiwik 43
7
8MtJ gphptpidthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd ghJfhg;Gfs; 43
9MtJ kj;jpa kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd; mjpfhuq;fs; 41
10MtJ mur Nrit 41
11MtJ [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; 38
12MtJ murpayikg;igj; jpUj;Jjy; 37
13MtJ ~nghjp| xd;whf vLf;fg;gl;l rfy rPhj
; pUj;j MNyhridfs; 34
14MtJ cs;quhl;rp rigfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; 33
15MtJ ghuhSkd;wk; 30
ed;ikiag; nghWj;jstpy;> ,it rpq;fsth;fSf;fhf ml;ltizfs; 6,Yk;> 7,Yk;

Kd;Dhpikg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Mh;tkpf;ftpjj;jpy; 2009,y; cr;repiyapyhd %d;W tplaq;fshf
rkak;> mbg;gil chpikfs; kw;Wk; nkhop chpikfs; Mfpad ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ|
vd;w $w;wpy; KiwNa 76%> 71% kw;Wk; 68% vd tpsq;fpd. 2010,y;> xOq;F rpwpa khWjiy
mile;Js;sJ. ,jd;gb Kjypy; 91% vd;wthW mbg;gil chpikfs; (fle;j tUlj;ij tpl 20%
cah;thdJ)> 89% kw;Wk; 82% vd;wthW KiwNa rkak; kw;Wk; nkhop chpikfs; (KiwNa 13%
kw;Wk; 14% tiu) tpsq;fpd. jkpo; rdr%fj;jpw;fhd cr;repiyapyhd Kd;Dhpikfspy; xd;whf
~nkhop chpikfs;| njhlh;e;JkpUg;gJld;> ePz;l fhy rkhjhdj;jpd; tha;g;G tsk; kpfTk;
Cf;fkspg;gjw;fhf ,e;j KbT njhlh;e;JkpUf;fpd;wJ.
jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G
jkpo; rdr%fj;jpd; KbTfs; ml;ltizfs; 11,Yk;> 12,Yk;> mth;fs; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ

Vw;wJ| vdf; fUJk; tplaq;fs; thpir xOq;nfhd;wpy; ml;ltizfs; 13,Yk;> 14,Yk;
gl;bay;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
NkYk;> ml;ltiz 11,Yk;> 12,Yk; Nehf;Ftjw;fhd Kf;fpa rjtPjq;fs;> ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ|

vd;gjd; kl;lq;fs; vd;gJld;> NkYk; KbTfs; kpfTk; rpwe;jjhf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. vdpDk;>
rpq;fsth;fSf;fhd KbTfisg; Nghyd;wp> xU ftdj;jpw;nfLg;gjw;fhd tpjptpyf;Fld; 2009f;Fk;>
2010f;Fk; ,ilapy; rpwpjsT khw;wNk cs;sJ. ,q;Fs;s kpfTk; ghuJ}ukhd cj;Njrkhd f\;lk;
vd;dntdpy;> 2009,y; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd 28%,y; tpsq;fpa ~rka chpikfs;|> 2010,y;
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW 50%Mf cah;tile;Js;sJ. Mdhy;> ,Nj gpur;ridapy;> 44%If;
nfhz;l jkpoh;fs; 2009,y; APRC MNyhridfspy; cs;s ,e;j mk;rq;fis ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ|
vdf; fUjpaJld;> ,J 2010,y; 22%f;F tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. ,t;tplaj;jpy; mth;fs; njspthd
tpjj;jpy; ~gpsT|gl;Ls;shh;fs;. Vd;? ,e;j murpayikg;G Vw;ghl;Lf;fhd vjph;g;G Vd; kpfTk;
mrhjuztpjj;jpy; gyKs;sjhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ?
mNdkhf> Nfs;tp Nfl;l tpjj;jpy; gjpy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sjh? rhuhk;rj;jpyhd MNyhridfspy; rfy

gpui[fSf;Fk; rkar; Rje;jpuj;Jld; ~ngUikapd; ,lj;ij ngsj;j rkak; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;|
vd;wthW ~rka chpikfs;| njhlh;ghd MNyhridfs; tiuag;gl;ld. ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ|
vd;wthW ,e;j MNyhridiaf; fUjpa jkpoh;fs; ~ngUikapd; ,lj;;ij ngsj;j kjk; nfhz;bUf;f
Ntz;Lk;| vd Rl;br;nrhy;tjd; kPJ Nehf;fpidf; nfhz;bUe;j Ntis> ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ| vd
,e;j MNyhridiaf; fUjpath;fs; ~rfy gpui[fSf;Fk; rkar; Rje;jpuk; cj;juthjkspf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;| vd;gJ njhlh;gpy; Nehf;fpidf; nfhz;bUe;jdh; vd;gJ mjpfsT epfof;$ba
rhj;jpa$whfj; njhpfpd;wJ. ,q;F gpur;ridahf fy;tpapd;> Ghpe;Jzh;tpd; mj;Jld; my;yJ ,J
njhlh;gpy; VNjh tifapyhd rpwe;j my;yJ Nkhrkhd mDgtj;jpd; tplankhd;whfj; njhpfpd;wJ.
jkpo; rdr%fj;jpy; Ghpe;Jzh;T ,y;iy vd;gijAk;> xU Gjpa ,yq;ifapd; murpayikg;gpdhy;
mth;fsJ rkar; Rje;jpuk; gaDWjptha;e;jjhf cWjpaspf;fg;gLtijAk; epr;rag;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
8
rpwpjsT tpsf;fj;jpid my;yJ njspTgLj;jiy ,e;j tplak; njspthfNt Ntz;Lfpd;wJ.
Jujph;\;ltrkhf> Aj;jj;jpd; ,WjpAlDk;> ehl;bd; tlf;fpy; jkpo; fpsh;r;rpapd; Njhy;tpAlDk;
Aj;jj;jpd; KbTf;F Kd;dh; mit ,Ue;jij tpl> ,e;j Vw;ghl;bd; jhf;fq;fs; gw;wp mjpfsT
jkpoh;fs; jw;NghJ fhpridiaf; nfhz;Ls;shh;fs;. xU Ntis> rpq;fsr; r%fj;jpd; rhh;ghf xU
Fwpg;gpl;l njhifapyhd ~ntw;wpf;fspg;G| my;yJ Gjpa If;fpag;gl;l ,yq;ifnahd;wpy; jkJ nrhe;j
epiyiaj; njhpe;jpUf;fhjjd; rpy czh;T ,g; gpur;riida NkYk; Nkhrkhf;fpapUf;Fk;.
mjpUg;jpf;fhd fhuznkhd;Wf;F mJ tUtjw;F Kd;> ,g; gpur;ridiaf; ftdj;jpw;F vLg;gjw;F
mJ vd;d eltbf;iffis vLf;fyhk; vd;gijf; fhpridf;F vLg;gjw;F murhq;fk; tpUk;gf;$Lk;.
mjph;\;ltrkhf> Njh;jy; njhFjp murpaypd; fhyj;jpd; KbTk;> GjpanjhU ghuhSkd;wj;jpd;
mikg;Gk; kPspzf;fj;jpw;fhd xU Gjpa tha;g;gpid ,yq;if kf;fSf;F toq;Fk;.
APRC MNyhridfspd; ed;ikfs; njhlh;gpy;> jkpoh;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd tplaq;fshf 2009,y;

~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ| vd;wthW 85%,y; ~nkhop chpikfs;|> 76%,y; ~mbg;gil
chpikfs;| kw;Wk; 73%,y; ~ePjpj;Jiw|> kw;Wk; 2010,y; 87%,y; ~mbg;gil chpikfs;|> 86%,y;
~nkhop chpikfs;| kw;Wk; 84%,y; ~ePjpj;Jiw| Mfpad tpsq;Ffpd;wd (ml;ltizfs; 13 kw;Wk; 14).
mjph;\;ltrkhf> ,r; rPh;jpUj;jq;fis rpq;fsth;fSk; tuNtw;fpd;whh;fs;. vdNt> xt;nthU
rdr%fq;fspd; cr;repiyapyhd Kd;DhpikfSld; murpay; f\;lnkhd;W ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ. cyifr;
Rw;wp NtW Nkhjy;fspy; ,j;jifanjhU KbT kpfTk; mrhjuzkhdjhFk;. nghJthf
cr;repiyapyhd Kd;Dhpikfs; ~Nguk;NgRk;| kl;lnkhd;iw Ntz;Lfpd;wd. ,J mNdfkhf ,e;j
mrhjhuz> Mdhy;> rh;t fl;rp gpujpepjpj;Jtf; FOtpd; kpfTk; tuNtw;fj;jf;f Kbit mj;Jld;>
my;yJ ftdkhd tiutpid Kd;itj;Js;s Vida rdr%fj;jpdhy; xt;nthU rdr%fj;jpd;
Njitfspd; Ghpe;Jzh;tpd; milahsnkhd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
2009,y;> tl khfhzj;jpy; ,e;j Muha;r;rpiag; nghWg;Ngw;gJ rhj;jpakhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;>

2010,y;> ,J jw;NghJ rhj;jpakhdjhFk;. fpof;F khfhzj;jpYk;> tl khfhzj;jpYk; vd Gwk;ghfTk;>
,k;khfhzq;fs; ~Vida ,yq;if| vd;gjw;Fs; cs;slf;fg;glhky;> ,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpa
khfhzq;fSf;Fk; vd gphpf;fg;gl;L> APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd KbTfis ml;ltiz 15
toq;Ffpd;wJ.
xd;W GwePq;fyhf> ,k; %d;W khjphpfSf;F ,ilapy; rpwpjsT tpj;jpahrNkAs;sJ. kPz;Lk; KiwNa
fpof;fpy;> tlf;fpy; kw;Wk; ~Vida khfhzq;fspy;| vd ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW KiwNa
52%,y;> 49%,y; kw;Wk; 49%,y; ~rka chpikfs;| MNyhridia jkpoh;fspd; rfy %d;W
FOf;fSk; epuhfhpf;fpd;wd. Mdhy;> tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fs;> ~gphptpidthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd
ghJfhg;Gf;fSf;fhd| MNyhridia ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ| vd;wthW 38%,dUk;>
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$baJ| vd;wthW 15%,dUk;> ~jhq;fpf;nfhs;sf;$baJ| vd;wthW 5%,dUk;>
~njhpahJ| vd;wthW 14%,dUk; ek;Gfpd;w NghjpYk;> 28%,dh; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW
epuhfhpf;fpd;wdh;. vdNt> ,yq;ifapy; cs;s Vida jkpoh;fisg; Nghd;W> APRC MNyhridfspd;
Vida Vw;ghLfs; ~nghjp| xd;whf mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lhy;> ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW tlf;Fj;
jkpoh;fSf;F 7% kl;LNk vd;wthWk;> rfy ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fSf;F 3% vd;wthWk; NkYk;
Fiwtile;J rpWghd;iknahd;whf ,f; FO njhlh;e;JkpUf;fpd;wJ.
9
ml;ltiz 11. APRC MNyhridfSf;F jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G (2010)
mj;jpaht Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfh jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

rpakhdJ s;sf; nfhs;sf; KbahJ
$baJ $baJ
1. Mur fl;likg;G 37 29 17 5 7 5
2. Kj;jpa kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd;
mjpfhuq;fs; 44 29 13 4 4 5
3. GhuhSkd;wk; 46 27 14 2 4 8
4. Murpayikg;igj; jpUj;Jjy; 41 25 19 2 5 8
6. Cs;quhl;rp rigfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; 37 34 17 4 2 6
7. Nkhop chpikfs; 75 11 11 2 1 1
8. Rka chpikfs; 22 11 7 8 50 2
9. Mbg;gil chpikfs; 66 21 10 1 1 2
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 34 22 26 5 3 10
11. EPjpj;Jiw 57 27 7 2 7
12. Mur Nrit 38 39 17 1 1 6
13. Gphptpidthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd
ghJfhg;Gfs 28 24 18 7 15 9
14. Rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 41 32 14 5 5 4
ml;ltiz 12. APRC MNyhridfSf;F jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G (2009)

$baJ $baJ
1. Mur fl;likg;G 33 19 16 11 15 7
mjpfhuq;fs; 31 22 21 15 4 7
3. GhuhSkd;wk; 37 24 17 13 1 8
7. Nkhop chpikfs; 72 13 8 2 1 4
8. Rka chpikfs; 44 10 6 6 28 6
9. Mbg;gil chpikfs; 69 7 11 4 2 7
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 31 21 15 12 7 13
11. EPjpj;Jiw 49 24 12 7 1 6
12. Mur Nrit 38 28 17 8 3 7
ghJfhg;Gfs 33 17 17 16 7 11
14. Rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 55 17 11 7 2 8
10
ml;ltiz 13. APRC MNyhridfSf;F jkpoh; Kd;Dhpikfs; (2010)
mj;jpahtrpakhdJ / Vw;wJ
1st. Mbg;gil chpikfs; 87
2nd. Nkhop chpikfs; 86
3rd. EPjpj;Jiw 84
4th. Mur Nrit 77
5th. Kj;jpa kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd; mjpfhuq;fs; 73
6th. GhuhSkd;wk; 73
7th. Rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 73
8th. Cs;quhl;rp rigfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; 71
9th. [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; 70
10th. Mur fl;likg;G 66
11th. Murpayikg;igj; jpUj;Jjy; 66
12th. ~nghjp| xd;whf vLf;fg;gl;l rfy rPh;jpUj;j
MNyhridfs; 66
13th. Njh;jy; Kiwik 56
14th. Gphptpidthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd ghJfhg;Gfs 52
15th. Rka chpikfs; 33
ml;ltiz 14. APRC MNyhridfSf;F jkpoh; Kd;Dhpikfs; (2009)
1st. Nkhop chpikfs; 85
2nd. Mbg;gil chpikfs; 76
3rd. EPjpj;Jiw 73
MNyhridfs; 68
7th. Mur Nrit 66
9th. GhuhSkd;wk; 61
kiyafj; jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G
jkpohpd; kdf;FiwfspypUe;J vOfpd;w Nkhjnyhd;whf mz;ika Aj;jk; nghpJNk Nehf;fg;gl;Ls;s

NghjpYk;> ,yq;ifapy; cs;s rfy rdr%fq;fspd; ed;ikf;fhf APRC MNyhridfs;
tiuag;gl;Ls;sd. Vida jkpoh;fisg; Nghd;W ~rka chpikfspd;| Vw;ghL ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ|
vd;wthW 2009,y; 46% vd;wpUe;J> 2010,y; 60%f;F mjpfhpj;J> cah;thd fhpridnahd;iw
kiyafj; jkpoh;fs; ghpkhwpf;nfhs;fpwhh;fs; (ml;ltizfs; 16 kw;Wk; 17). mth;fs; cr;repiyapyhd
Kd;Dhpikahf 2009,y; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ| vd;wthW 91%,y; ~nkhop chpik|
11
tpsq;fp> 2010,y; 94% vd;wthW njhlh;e;JkpUf;fpd;wJ (ml;ltizfs; 18 kw;Wk; 19). vdNt> Vida
jkpoh;fisg; Nghd;W> jkJ ghhpa fhpridfs; ftdj;jpw;F vLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nkhopnahd;whf
APRC,dhy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s rPh;jpUj;jq;fis mth;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;thh;fs; (2010,y;
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd 2% kl;LNk).
ml;ltiz 16. APRC MNyhridfSf;F kiyafj; jkpohpd; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
kiyafj; jkpohpd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 42 27 18 2 2 10
mjpfhuq;fs; 45 22 17 4 1 11
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 30 25 13 8 8 16
mjpfhuq;fs; 32 28 20 6 2 11
7. nkhopchpikfs; 88 6 5 1 1
8. rka chpikfs; 19 6 6 6 60 2
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 74 17 4 2 2 1
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 23 32 12 7 3 22
11. ePjpj;Jiw 62 21 9 2 3 3
12. mur Nrit 41 22 22 4 11
ghJfhg;Gfs; 51 20 11 5 5 8
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 66 18 7 2 2 5
12
ml;ltiz 17. APRC MNyhridfSf;F kiyafj; jkpohpd; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2009)
kiyafj; jkpohpd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 44 23 12 2 11 9
mjpfhuq;fs; 38 23 17 1 8 13
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 37 16 15 5 13 13
mjpfhuq;fs; 49 20 11 3 1 17
7. nkhop chpikfs; 79 12 2 1 2 5
8. rka chpikfs; 42 4 2 0 46 6
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 79 8 4 2 0 7
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 35 17 14 12 5 17
11. ePjpj;Jiw 52 20 7 6 3 13
12. mur Nrit 37 23 18 6 1 15
ghJfhg;Gfs; 63 10 6 4 6 12
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 67 12 8 1 3 10
ml;ltiz 18. APRC MNyhridfSf;F kiyafj; jkpohpd Kd;Dhpikfs (2010)
3rd. Rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 84
4th. EPjpj;Jiw 83
MNyhridfs; 76
11th. Mur Nrit 63
13th. GhuhSkd;wk; 55
13
ml;ltiz 19. APRC MNyhridfSf;F kiyafj; jkpohpd; Kd;Dhpikfs (2009)
3rd. ~nghjp| xd;whf vLf;fg;gl;l rfy rPh;jpUj;j
MNyhridfs; 86
7th. EPjpj;Jiw 72
11th. Mur Nrit 60
12th. GhuhSkd;wk; 53
K];ypk;fspd; gjpypWg;G
2009,y; 30%,y; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ| kw;Wk; 17%,y; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd ~rka chpikfs;|

kPJ K];ypk; rdr%fk; gphpe;jpUe;j NghjpYk; (ml;ltiz 21)> ,e;jf; fhprid jkJ jkpo; ehl;L
Mz;fisAk;> ngz;fisAk; Nghyd;wp> 2010,y; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| 10%,y; kl;LNk vd;wthW
RUq;fptpl;ljhfj; njhpfpd;wJ. mNdfkhf ,q;Fs;s gpur;rid ~rka chpikfs;| gw;wpaJ my;y
Mdhy;> APRC MNyhridfspy; ngsj;j rkaj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tpNrlkhd ,lKk;> jkpoh;fspd;
Njhy;tpAk; kw;Wk; rpq;fs ntw;wpf;fspg;Gld; ,ize;Js;s kl;lnkhd;WNk gpur;ridahFk;.
Mdhy;> ~nkhop chpikfNs| jkpo; NgRgth;fSf;F 2010,y; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ| vd

82% kw;Wk; 2009,y; 85% vd cr;repiyapyhd Kd;DHpikfspy; xd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ
(ml;ltizfs; 22 kw;Wk; 23). Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp> ,e;j mwpf;ifapy; kjpg;ghag;gl;Ls;sthW>
,yq;ifapy; rfy rpWghd;ikapdhpd; ed;ikf;fhf APRC MNyhridfSf;F ,g;gpur;rid
ftdj;jpw;nfLf;fg;gLtJ mtrpakhdjhFk;.
ml;ltiz 20. APRC MNyhridfSf;F K];ypk;fspd;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
K];ypk;fspd;; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 45 37 8 2 5 4
mjpfhuq;fs; 48 29 11 5 5 2
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 33 27 19 12 6 4
mjpfhuq;fs; 28 44 17 4 5 3
7. nkhop chpikfs; 67 15 10 5 1 2
14
8. rka chpikfs; 47 19 13 9 10 3
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 32 32 19 6 7 5
11. ePjpj;Jiw 47 31 13 4 1 5
12. mur Nrit 39 34 13 7 5 4
ghJfhg;Gfs; 35 31 14 5 6 10
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 46 37 8 2 4 5
ml;ltiz 21. APRC MNyhridfSf;F K];ypk;fspd;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2009)
K];ypk;fspd;; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 29 39 17 3 4 7
mjpfhuq;fs; 25 36 17 10 2 10
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 22 42 17 4 5 10
mjpfhuq;fs; 25 33 20 8 2 13
7. nkhop chpikfs; 49 36 8 2 1 4
8. rka chpikfs; 30 32 9 9 17 3
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 47 35 10 2 3 4
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 28 36 16 9 3 9
11. ePjpj;Jiw 33 42 10 4 1 9
12. mur Nrit 34 40 9 7 1 9
ghJfhg;Gfs; 24 37 11 11 4 13
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 35 38 11 4 3 10
rPhj
; pUj;jj;jpw;fhd MjuT
,r; rfy KbTfSk; kpfTk; rpwe;jjhFk;. Mdhy;> cjhuzkhf> rh;t[d thf;Fhpiknahd;wpy;

mtw;Wf;F thf;fspf;FkhW ,yq;if kf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;lhy;> KbTfs; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;Fkh? ,f;
fhuzj;ij kdjpy; nfhz;L> Neh;Kfq;fhzg;gl;l xt;nthU eghplkpUe;Jk; MNyhridfspy; ,j;
njhFjpf;F mth;fs; Mjutspg;ghh;fsh vd rhjhuz Kiwapy; ~Mk;|/~,y;iy| my;yJ ~njhpahJ|
vd;wthW Nfl;fg;gl;lJ (ml;ltiz 24).
15
ml;ltiz 24. ,q;F RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,yq;iff;fhd murpayikg;G rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd;
nghjpnahd;Wf;F ePq;fs; Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
rjtPjk; (2010) Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

rpq;fsth; 83 9 9
jkpoh; 84 7 8
K];ypk;fs; 80 13 8

rpq;fsth; 67 12 21
jkpoh; 86 4 10
K];ypk;fs; 90 1 9
rpq;fsth;fisg; nghWj;jstpy;> 2009,y; ~Mk;| vd;w gjpy; 67%Mf ,Ue;J> 2010,y; ~Mk;| vd;gjw;F
83% vd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJld;> ~Mk;| fyj;jpw;F rpq;fsth;fspd; ~njhpahJ| vd;w
gjpy; efh;e;Js;sJ. jkpoh;fSf;F (~Mk;| vd;gjw;F 86%,ypUe;J 84%f;F) kw;Wk; kiyafj;
jkpoh;fSf;F (~Mk;| vd;gjw;F 92%,ypUe;J 86%f;F) KbTfs; 2009I tpl 2010,y; rpwpjsT
FiwthdjhFk;. Mdhy;> Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfkhdjy;y. Mdhy;> K];ypk;fisg; nghWj;jstpy;
mJ 2009,y; ~Mk;| vd;gjw;F 90%,ypUe;J 2010f;F ~Mk;| vd;gjw;F 80% vd;wthW gj;Jg; Gs;spfs;
Fiwtile;Js;sJ. ,J ,e;j thf;nfLg;gpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s Vida jug;Gf;fSld; mth;fis
mjpfstpy; xOq;FKiwf;F nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fsth;fspdJk;>
jkpoh;fspdJk;> kiyafj; jkpoh;fspdJk; kw;Wk; K];ypk;fspdJk; MjuTf;F ,ilapy; rpwpjsT
my;yJ Fwpg;gpl KbahjsT tpj;jpahrj;Jld;> rfyiuAk; jpLf;fplf;$l itf;Fk; Kbthf ~Mk;|
vd;wthW ruhrhpahf 83% vd tpsq;Ffp;d;wJ. xU rpy tplaq;fs; kPjhd rpy xJf;fq;fSf;F
cl;gl;L> murpayikg;Gr; rPhj
; pUj;jj;jpw;fhd gue;j xUikg;ghnlhd;W rhjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
APRC MNyhridfs; kPjhd rfy Vida Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gl;l gpd;dh;> MNyhridf;F mth;fsJ
jiyth;fs; Mjuthf ,Ue;jhy; ~,y;iy| my;yJ ~njhpahJ| Mfpatw;wpypUe;J ~Mk;| vd;gjw;F
Neh;Kfq;fhzg;gLfpd;w egh; jdJ fUj;jpid khw;wp KOikahf khw;wkilthuh my;yJ mtw;Wf;F
vjpuhf tpsq;fpdhy; ~Mk;|,ypUe;J ~,y;iy| vd;gjw;F mth; KOikahf khw;wkilthuh vdf;
Nfl;gjd; %yk;> jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; gpur;rid ifahsg;gl;lJ. ,k; KbTfs; ml;ltizfs;
25,ypUe;J 32 tiu toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. VjhtJ NtW jiytiutpl tpistpd; kPJ VjhtJ mjpfsT
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$ba Fwpg;gpl;l jiyth; ([dhjpgjp> rka> murpay;) ,y;iy
vd;gJld;> KbTfs; fyitahfTs;sd. vdpDk;> xU topapy; my;yJ ,d;ndhd;wpy;
MNyhridfSf;fhd Mjuit toq;Ftijapl;L nry;thf;fpidr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd jFjpia ,r;
rfy jiyth;fSk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy;> ruhrhpnahd;whf 17% kl;LNk vd;wthW rfy
rdr%fq;fSf;Fk; ~,y;iy| kw;Wk; ~njhpahJ| kpff;Fiwthf ,Ue;jgbahy;> 83%If; nfhz;l
ruhrhpf;F Nkyhf Mjuitj; jpul;Ltjw;F mth;fs; nfhz;bUf;ff;$ba jhf;fk; ghhpa Nguk;NgRjy;
my;y. mth;fspdhy; 90%f;F Nkyhf ngw ,ayf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> mijtpl kpf
mjpfkhf ,y;iy. vdpDk;> APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd Mjuitf; Fiwj;J kjpg;gjw;F rfy
jiyth;fSk; xd;whfg; gzpahw;wpdhy;> mth;fsJ Kaw;rpfs; czug;gLk;. xd;WNru> ,yq;ifapd;
murpay; cah;e;Njhh;Fohkpdh; jw;Nghija xUg;ghl;bidg; gytPdg;gLj;jp> ,k; KbTf;fhf jhk;
xd;whfg; gzpahw;wpaij toq;fp rpwpjsT ngUk;ghd;ikia tplf; Fiwthf mijf; Fiwf;f
KbAk;. rpwpjsT Kaw;rpAld; my;yJ Kaw;rpapd;wp> kf;fspd; KOikahd MjuTlDk; my;yJ jhk;
jw;NghJ ehbAs;s nek;GNfhiy ,yq;if kf;fSf;F mth;fshy; kWj;Jiuf;ff;$ba rfy murpay;
16
cah;e;Njhh; Fohkpd; gq;fpd; kPjhd mauhj Kaw;rpnahd;WlDk; gw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;F rPh;jpUj;jk;
cs;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; vjph;fhyk; vg;nghOJNk mth;fsJ iffspNyNa cs;sd.
ml;ltiz 25. ~,y;iy|> ~njhpahJ|> my;yJ ~gjpy; ,y;iy| vd;wthW gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ,q;F
RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW ,yq;iff;fhd murpayikg;Gr; rPhj
; pUj;jq;fspd; nghjpnahd;Wf;F
gpd;tUkhwhf ,Ue;jhy; ePqf
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ Mjutspj;jhy;? 56 28 16
mtw;iw cq;fs; rkaj; jiyth;fs; Mjutspj;jhy;? 50 28 22
mtw;iw ePqf
; s; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp Mjutspj;jhy;? 54 30 16
mtw;iw [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\> cq;fs; rkaj; jiyth;fs; kw;Wk;
ePq;fs; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp Mjutspj;jhy;? 62 16 22
ml;ltiz 26. gjpy; ~Mk;| vd;wthW gjpy; ,Ue;jhy;> ,q;F RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW
,yq;iff;fhd murpayikg;G rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd; nghjpnahd;Wf;F gpd;tUkhwhf ,Ue;jhy; ePq;fs;
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ vjph;j;jhy;? 54 43 3
mtw;iw cq;fs; rkaj; jiyth;fs; vjph;j;jhy;? 50 42 8
mtw;iw ePqf
; s; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp vjph;jj
; hy;? 56 40 4
ePq;fs; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp vjph;j;jhy;? 44 50 6
RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW ,yq;iff;fhd murpayikg;G rPh;jpUj;jq;fspd; nghjpnahd;Wf;F
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 42 51 8
17
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
kiyafj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
kiyafj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 62 36 3
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
K];ypk;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
K];ypk;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 40 46 14
18
tlf;F> fpof;Fj; jkpoh;fs; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpa gFjpfspy; cs;s jkpoh;fs; kPjhd
NkYk; rpy Fwpg;Gfs;
tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; cs;s jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> ,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpa gFjpfspy; cs;s
jkpoh;fSf;Fk; APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd Mjutpd; tptuj;ij ml;ltiz 33 toq;Ffpd;wJ.
mth;fs; ahtUk; tlf;fpy; ~Mk;| vd;W 77%,dUk;> fpof;fpy; 89%,dUk;> ,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpa
gFjpfspy; 90%,dUk; MNyhridfSf;F Mjutspf;fpd;wdh;. vdpDk;> jkJ jPhk ; hdk; kPJ mth;fsJ
rk;ge;jg;gl;l jiyikj;Jtq;fs; vd;d jhf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ>
,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpa gFjpfspYk;> fpof;fpYk; cs;s jkpoh;fs; ~Mk;| vd;wjpypUe;J ~,y;iy|
vd;gjw;F 67%,dhy; jkJ fUj;Jf;fis khw;Wtjw;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; efh;j;jg;gl KbAk;
vd;gJld;> jPh;khdj;jpy; jkJ murpay;thjpfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s NghJ> fpof;fpy; ~njhpahJ| vd;wthW
2%,dh; kl;Lk; ,Ug;ghh;fs; (ml;ltizfs; 35 kw;Wk; 37). vdpDk;> mth;fsJ murpay;thjpfspd;
fUj;Jf;fs; nghWg;Gf;F vLf;fg;gLk; NghJ> tlf;fpy; cs;s jkpoh;fs; 39%cld; ~Mk;| vd;wjpypUe;J
~,y;iy| vd;gjw;Fk;> 15% vd;wthW ~njhpahJ| vd;gjw;Fk; mNdfkhf kpf ,yFtpy; efh;j;jg;gl
KbahJ (ml;ltiz 39). mz;ika Njh;jy;fspy; thf;fspg;gpd; Mff;Fiwe;jsT tlf;fpy; MFk;.
,J mj; jUzj;jpy; jkJ murpay; fl;rpfspy; Fiwe;jit jd;dk;gpf;ifiaNa mk;khfhzj;jpy;
,Ue;j jkpoh;fs; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs; vd;gijr; Rl;br;nrhy;fpd;wJ. ehrfukhd Aj;jj;jpypUe;J
rkhjhdj;jpw;Fk;> murpay; nry;thf;Ff;Fk; cl;gLj;jg;gl;l fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; cs;s jkpoh;fis
topelj;jpa murpay; cah;e;Njhh;Fohikg; Nghyd;wp> tlf;fpy; cs;s jkpoh;fs; ,uj;jk; rpe;jpa
Njhy;tpnahd;wpy; jkJ jiyikj;Jtj;ij ,oe;Js;sJld;> mth;fs; ek;gf;$ba Gjpa jiyth;fisf;
fz;lwptjw;F mth;fSf;F rpy tUlq;fs; vLf;ff;$Lk;. ,e;j mtjhdpg;G ,d;ndhU
Nfs;tpf;nfhj;jpypUe;J KbTfspdhy; Mjutspf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd;gb APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd
MjuT jftyspg;gthpd; murpay; fl;rpapdhy; Mjutspf;fg;gLfpd;w epajpfspy; jpl;lkhd Kiwapy;
tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tplaj;jpy;> fpof;fpd; jkpoh;fspd; MjuT 89%,ypUe;J 96%f;F
mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. vdpDk;> ,Nj Nfs;tp tlf;fpd; jkpoh;fSf;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk;; NghJ> kpfTk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftpjj;jpyhd ~njhpahJ| vd;w 54%cld; 77%,ypUe;J 32%f;F MjuT tPo;r;rpailfpd;wJ.
,J nghpJk; mNdfkhf Aj;jj;jpw;F gpd;duhd rfhg;jj;jpy; tlf;fpy; murpay; fl;rpfs; ,d;DNk
cWjpahfj; jhgpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;w fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk; (ml;ltiz 40). vdpDk;> Muha;e;J
mwpfpd;w tpjj;jpy;> mth;fs; APRC MNyhridfis Mjhpf;fpd;whh;fs;. ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd
nghjpia 7%,dh; kl;LNk epuhfhpj;Js;sdh; (ml;ltiz 15). Mdhy;> ,J njhlh;gpy; mth;fsJ
fUj;Jf;fis khw;wp mikg;gjw;fhd VjhtJ Kaw;rp jw;Nghijf;F rpwpjsT jhf;fj;ij my;yJ
vjph;tpistpidf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
ml;ltiz 33. ,q;Nf RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW ,yq;iff;F murpayikg;G

rPhj
; pUj;jq;fspd; nghjpnahd;iw ePq;fs; Mjhpg;gPh;fsh?

fpof;Fj; jkpoh; 89 0 11
tlf;Fj; jkpoh; 77 15 8
Vida ,yq;ifj; jkpoh; 90 4 6
19
gpd;tUkhwhf ,Ue;jhy; ePqf ; sh?2
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
Vida ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
Vida ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 48 48 5
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
fpof;Fj;; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ Mjutspj;jhy;? 71 29
mtw;iw cq;fs; rkaj; jiyth;fs; Mjutspj;jhy;? 71 29
mtw;iw ePqf
ePq;fs; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp Mjutspj;jhy;? 71 29
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
fpof;Fj;; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ
mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 31 67 2
2
,e;j khjphpapy; ~,y;iy| my;yJ ~njhpahJ| vdf; $Wfpd;w egh;fspd; vz;zpf;if kpfTk; Fiwthdgbapdhy;> ,e;j
ml;ltizapy; cs;s KbTfs; ek;gfj;jFe;jitay;y.
3
20
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ
mtw;iw ePqf
,yq;iff;fhd murpayikg;G rPhj
; pUj;jq;fspd; nghjpnahd;Wf;F gpd;tUkhwhf ,Ue;jhy; ePq;fs;
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 46 39 15
ml;ltiz 40. ,q;Nf RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW ,yq;iff;F murpayikgk;G

rPhj
; pUj;jq;fspd; murpayikg;gpd; nghjpnahd;iw ePq;fs; Mjhpg;gPh;fsh?

fpof;Fj; jkpoh; 96 0 5
tlf;Fj; jkpoh; 32 14 54
Vida ,yq;ifj; jkpoh; 84 13 3
murpay; fl;rpapd; gjpypWg;G
[dhjpgjpapd; Ml;rpnra;Ak; fl;rpahfTk;> ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Mff;$Ljyhd njhifapyhd

Mrdq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w fl;rpahfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;w =.y.R.fl;rp APRC MNyhridfisg;
nghWj;jstpy; (ml;ltiz 41) mjd; gjpypWg;G nghJtpy; rpq;fsr; rdr%fj;jpd; gjpypWg;gpid kpf
neUf;fkhfg; gpujpgypf;Fk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ (ml;ltiz 4). ,J 2009,y; ~njhpahJ|
(ml;ltiz 42) vd;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rjtPjq;fs; 2010,y; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ|> ~Vw;wJ| kw;Wk;
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$baJ| Mfpa fyk;fSf;F efh;tjhfTk;> kw;Wk; KOmstpy; nghjpia KOikahf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shjpUj;jy; 2009,y; 8%,ypUe;J 2010,y; 3%f;F kl;LNk vd Kw;wpYk;
tPo;r;rpailtjhfTk; tplak; njhpfpd;wJ.
4
21
ml;ltiz 41. APRC MNyhridfSf;F =.y.R.f.,d;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
=.y.R.f. mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 25 43 15 3 8 7
mjpfhuq;fs; 22 41 16 3 12 7
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 20 35 20 4 11 11
mjpfhuq;fs; 18 33 21 8 12 7
7. nkhop chpikfs; 51 30 8 3 6 2
8. rka chpikfs; 61 25 5 3 5 1
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 62 28 7 1 1 2
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 20 33 19 6 11 11
11. ePjpj;Jiw 40 37 14 2 2 5
12. mur Nrit 23 38 20 5 4 10
ghJfhg;Gfs; 44 31 12 3 3 7
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 40 34 10 3 8 6

=.y.R.f.,d; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ
1. mur fl;likg;G 24 37 15 4 8 13
mjpfhuq;fs; 16 32 22 4 9 17
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 11 23 22 5 12 27
mjpfhuq;fs; 15 24 27 5 8 20
7. nkhop chpikfs; 37 33 13 4 8 6
8. rka chpikfs; 45 30 11 3 7 3
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 38 36 16 2 3 5
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 19 26 16 6 13 21
11. ePjpj;Jiw 20 31 14 5 8 23
12. mur Nrit 17 30 22 5 6 20
ghJfhg;Gfs; 20 28 18 5 7 23
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 25 26 16 7 12 14
22
gpujhd vjph;f;fl;rpahd I.Nj.fl;rpiag; nghWj;jstpy;> 2009,Yk;> 2010,Yk; Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ ,f;
Nfs;tpf;fhd KbTfSf;F ,ilapy; ghhpa mstpyhd tpj;jpahrk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vdj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ
vd;gJld;> nghjpf;fhd KOikahd vjph;g;G KiwNa 3% kw;Wk; 2% kl;LNk ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
KbahJ| vd;gjhFk; (ml;ltizfs; 43 kw;Wk; 44). vdpDk;> nghjp ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ| vdf;
fUJgth;fs; 2009,y; 39%Mf ,Ue;J 2010,y; 29% vd;w tPor ; r
; pAld; rpwpjsT Fiwtile;jjpdhy;
mth;fsJ Mh;tk; rpwpjsT Fd;wpAs;sJ. mth;fs; ~Vw;wJ| vd;w fyj;jpw;F FWf;fhf
efh;e;jpUg;ghh;fs; vdj; Njhd;WtJld;> ,J 2009,y; 29%,ypUe;J 2010,y; 36%f;F vd;wthW jw;NghJ
cah;thf cs;sJ. ,NjNghy> APRC MNyhridfSf;F k.tp.K. MjuT 2009,y; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
KbahJ| vd;wthW 4%,ypUe;J 2010,y; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW 9%f;F
mjpfhpj;Js;sJld; (ml;ltizfs; 45 kw;Wk; 46)> k.tp.K.Ak;> I.Nj.f.Tk; Nghd;W> ,r; rfy %d;W
vjph;f;fl;rpfSf;fhd ~mj;jpahtrpa| fyj;jpypUe;J ~Vw;wJ| fyj;jpw;fhd Fwpg;gplj;jf;f efh;TfSld;
,e;j MNyhridfSf;fhd =.y.K.fh.tpd; MjuT ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| 2009,y; kpff; Fiwthf
0%,Yk;> 2010,y; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW 3%Myk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ (ml;ltizfs; 47
kw;Wk; 48).
ml;ltiz 43. APRC MNyhridfSf;F I.Nj.f..,d;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
I.Nj.f. mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 35 33 16 1 8 7
mjpfhuq;fs; 32 32 17 5 6 9
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 27 32 11 7 10 13
mjpfhuq;fs; 20 36 21 8 7 9
7. nkhop chpikfs; 60 30 4 2 4 1
8. rka chpikfs; 49 22 5 3 18 2
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 61 27 7 1 1 4
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 30 31 18 4 5 12
11. ePjpj;Jiw 45 32 13 1 2 7
12. mur Nrit 26 42 15 3 3 11
ghJfhg;Gfs; 42 29 14 5 2 8
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 43 33 11 3 4 7
23
I.Nj.f.,d; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 29 29 18 7 7 10
mjpfhuq;fs; 23 26 22 12 4 13
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 24 24 18 10 11 13
mjpfhuq;fs; 27 22 21 13 4 13
7. nkhop chpikfs; 53 29 9 2 2 5
8. rka chpikfs; 43 20 7 5 20 5
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 59 20 12 3 0 5
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 29 25 21 11 5 8
11. ePjpj;Jiw 40 24 17 5 4 10
12. mur Nrit 31 26 23 7 1 12
ghJfhg;Gfs; 38 19 13 10 5 15
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 43 24 12 7 4 10
mNdfkhf tpsf;fk; kpfTk; vspajhFk;. Aj;jj;jpd; KbtpypUe;J> Fwpg;ghf [dhjpgjp Njh;jypd; NghJ
,e;j MNyhridfs; gw;wp ghhpa mstpyhd fye;Jiuahly; ,Ue;jJ. mj;Jld; murpay; rPh;jpUj;jk;
cl;gl jkJ vjph;fhyk; gw;wp murhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j fl;rpAk;> mtw;wpd; =.y.R.f. Mjuthsh;fSk;
jd;dk;gpf;ifia czh;e;j NghjpyhdJk;> ,dptUk; Mz;Lfspy; jkJ murpay; nry;thf;F gw;wp
Fiwe;jsT cWjpahf ,Ue;j NghJ khw;wj;ij jOTtjw;F ,zf;fKWtjw;F nghpJNk
,ayhjpUe;j NghjpyhdJkhd Neunkhd;wpy; [dhjpgjp Njh;jYf;Fk;> nghJj; Njh;jy;fSf;Fk;
,ilapy;> ,t;tUlj;jpd; khh;rr
; py; 2010 mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,k; KbTfs; Njh;jy;fs;
KbtilAk; NghJ kPz;Lk; khw;wkila KbAk;. Mdhy;> Aj;jj;jpd; Neunkhd;wpYk;> rkhjhdj;jpd;
Neuk; tiu mtw;wpd; ];jpuj;jd;ikia toq;Fifapy;> mit mjpfsT khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; vd
nghpJNk vjph;ghh;ff
; KbahJ vdj; njhpfpd;wJ.
24
ml;ltiz 45. APRC MNyhridfSf;F k.tp.K.,d;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
k.tp.K mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 14 38 13 35
mjpfhuq;fs; 6 40 19 27 9
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 19 45 17 1 17
4. murpayikg;ig jpUj;Jjy; 15 40 27 13 4
5. [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; 44 40 6 10
mjpfhuq;fs; 6 32 22 9 32
7. nkhop chpikfs; 35 57 9
8. rka chpikfs; 36 48 9 8
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 42 48 10
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 23 42 22 13
11. ePjpj;Jiw 20 62 14 4
12. mur Nrit 13 46 19 23
ghJfhg;Gfs; 37 30 10 6 13 4
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 21 35 14 30
rPh;jpUj;j MNyhridfs; 16 37 17 22 9
ml;ltiz 46. APRC MNyhridfSf;F k.tp.K.,d;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2009)
k.tp.K.,d; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 39 22 13 9 13 4
mjpfhuq;fs; 17 35 22 4 17 4
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 30 35 4 9 17 4
mjpfhuq;fs; 14 23 23 9 27 5
7. nkhop chpikfs; 57 22 4 0 13 4
8. rka chpikfs; 65 17 4 0 13 0
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 52 35 4 0 9 0
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 35 35 4 0 13 13
11. ePjpj;Jiw 43 22 9 0 22 4
12. mur Nrit 26 52 0 9 4 9
ghJfhg;Gfs; 39 22 9 0 22 9
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 39 35 0 9 13 4
25
vdpDk;> jkpo; Njrpaf; $l;likg;Gf;F (j.Nj.$.) KbTfs; 2009 khh;r;rpy; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ|
vd;wthW 3% kl;LNk vd;wjpypUe;J 2010 khh;rr ; py; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW 11%f;F
fzprkhdsT khw;wkile;Js;sJ (ml;ltizfs; 49 kw;Wk; 50). ,NjNghy> ~gphptpidthjj;jpw;F
vjpuhd ghJfhg;GfSf;F| vjpuhdth;fs; 2009,y; 5% kl;LNk vd;wjpypUe;J 2010,y; 25%f;F
mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. Mdhy;> tl khfhzj;jpy; cs;s jkpoh;fSf;F ,J 28% MFk; (ml;ltiz 15).
tl khfhzj;jpy; cs;s jkpoh;fshd j.Nj.$. Mjuthsh;fSf;F ~rka chpikfs;| 2009,y;
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW 47%,ypUe;J 2010,y; 66%f;Fk; kw;Wk; tl khfhzj;jpy; cs;s
jkpoh;fisg; nghWj;jstpy; mit 49%f;Fk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,k; khw;wq;fSf;F ,U fhuzpfs;
tpsf;fkspf;Fk;. KjyhtJ> j.Nj.$. Mjuthsh;fspd; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; cs;s tl khfhzj;ijAk;
khjphp jw;NghJ cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJld;> ,uz;lhtjhf> ~rka chpikfs;| my;yJ ~ngsj;j
rkaj;jpd; ngUikf;Fhpa ,lk;| vd;w gpur;rid j.Nj.$. Mjuthsh;fSf;F gykhd murpay;
kiwnghUisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz 47. APRC MNyhridfSf;F =.y.K.fh.tpd gjpypWg;G (2010);

$baJ $baJ
1. Mur fl;likg;G 31 41 14 2 8 5
mjpfhuq;fs; 39 30 19 6 4 3
3. GhuhSkd;wk; 28 22 23 18 6 4
7. Nkhop chpikfs; 64 16 10 5 1 4
8. Rka chpikfs; 56 19 8 7 8 2
9. Mbg;gil chpikfs; 63 18 10 4 5
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 41 24 21 7 2 6
11. EPjpj;Jiw 49 26 15 4 2 5
12. Mur Nrit 38 35 14 7 3 4
ghJfhg;Gfs 35 28 17 5 6 9
14. Rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 49 29 8 6 4 5
26
ml;ltiz 48. APRC MNyhridfSf;F =.y.K.fh.tpd gjpypWg;G (2009)

$baJ $baJ
1. Mur fl;likg;G 34 37 24 0 2 2
mjpfhuq;fs; 27 46 22 2 0 2
3. GhuhSkd;wk; 19 57 14 2 5 2
7. Nkhop chpikfs; 46 34 10 2 5 2
8. Rka chpikfs; 26 31 12 12 17 2
9. Mbg;gil chpikfs; 33 36 19 2 5 5
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 26 45 17 0 5 7
11. EPjpj;Jiw 36 40 12 5 0 7
12. Mur Nrit 30 43 10 13 3 3
ghJfhg;Gfs 24 46 15 7 0 7
14. Rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 36 43 10 2 2 7
ml;ltiz 49. APRC MNyhridfSf;F j.tp.$.,d;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
j.tp.$. mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 45 23 14 3 13 3
mjpfhuq;fs; 52 24 10 3 6 5
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 41 30 13 3 5 8
mjpfhuq;fs; 49 26 9 6 4 6
7. nkhop chpikfs; 77 9 13 2
8. rka chpikfs; 14 7 6 7 66
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 32 21 24 8 3 13
11. ePjpj;Jiw 66 19 6 3 5
12. mur Nrit 50 29 13 3 1 6
ghJfhg;Gfs; 26 22 14 9 25 3
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 33 28 15 7 10 8
27
ml;ltiz 50. APRC MNyhridfSf;F j.tp.$.,d;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2009)
j.tp.$.,d; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

1. mur fl;likg;G 31 24 14 8 22 0
mjpfhuq;fs; 28 23 30 13 6 0
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 42 28 16 13 1 0
mjpfhuq;fs; 39 19 19 15 9 0
7. nkhop chpikfs; 90 7 2 0 0 0
8. rka chpikfs; 43 4 4 2 47 0
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 88 4 5 1 1 1
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 31 28 18 10 9 5
11. ePjpj;Jiw 51 39 8 1 1 0
12. mur Nrit 40 35 17 5 2 0
ghJfhg;Gfs; 35 20 20 19 5 1
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 71 17 8 2 1 0
rhjhuz ~Mk;/,y;iy| vd;w jsf;Nfhyj;jpy; kPz;Lk; murpayikg;G nghjp gw;wp Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gl;l
NghJ> murpay; fl;rpfSf;fhd gjpypWg;Gfspd; cUkhjphp njhlh;eJ; Nk mNj khjphpahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ
(ml;ltiz 51). 2009,y; ~Mk;| vd;gjw;F 68%,ypUe;J 2010,y; ~Mk;| vd;wthW 87%f;F gykhd
MjuTld; =.y.R.f. te;Js;sJld;> mijj; njhlh;e;J ~Mk;| vd;gjw;F 80%,y; I.Nj.f. (2009,y;
85%,ypUe;J fPopwf;fk;)> mLj;J 78%,y; j.Nj.$. (2009,y; 90%,ypUe;J fPopwf;fk;)> mLj;J 74%,y;
=.y.K.fh. (2009,y; 88%,ypUe;J fPopwf;fk;) ,Wjpahf 2009,y; ~Mk;| vd;gjw;F 83%,ypUe;J
2010,y; 69%f;F vd fPopwq;fp k.tp.K. Mfpad tpsq;Ffpd;wd. Kd;diug; Nghd;W ,k; KbTfs;
nghpJk; mNdfkhf murpayikg;Gg; gpur;ridfs; kPjhd eilKiwapyhd fUj;jhlypdJk;> khjphpapy;
tl khfhzj;ij cs;slf;FjypdJk;> kw;Wk; murhq;fk; vjph; vjph;f;fl;rp Njh;jy; njhFjp
murpaypdJk; Kbnthd;NwahFk;.
ml;ltiz 51. ,q;Nf RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW ,yq;iff;F murpayikg;G

rPhj
; pUj;jq;fspd; nghjpnahd;iw ePq;fs; Mjhpg;gPh;fsh?

=.y.R.f. 87 6 7
I.Nj.f. 80 11 9
k.tp.K. 69 27 4
j.Nj.$. 78 17 5
=.y.K.fh. 74 14 12
28
=.y.R.f. 68 10 22
I.Nj.f. 85 3 12
k.tp.K. 83 4 13
j.Nj.$. 90 2 7
=.y.K.fh. 88 5 7
,e;j murpay; fl;rpg; gFg;gha;tpypUe;J vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;w NkYk; xU mtjhdpg;gpidg; ngw

KbAk;. jkJ [dhjpgjpapdhYk;> rkaj; jiyth;fspdhYk; kw;Wk; fl;rpapdhYk; murpayikg;G
MNyhridfspd; rhh;ghf jkJ fUj;jpid khw;Wtjw;F =.y.R.f. Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftpjj;jpy; efh;j;jg;gl
KbAk; (ml;ltiz 52) vd;w mNjNtis> jkJ fl;rpapdhYk; kpf mjpfsT vd;W ,y;yhky;
[dhjpgjpapdhYk; I.Nj.f. mjpfsT nry;thf;F nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ (ml;ltiz 54). ,JNt
j.Nj.$.,d; epiyAkhFk; (ml;ltiz 58).
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
=.y.R.f.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ
mtw;iw ePqf
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
=.y.R.f.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 56 41 3
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
I.Nj.f.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
29
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
I.Nj.f.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf ; s; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp vjph;jj
; hy;? 49 42 9
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
k.tp.K.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ Mjutspj;jhy;? 100
mtw;iw ePqf
; s; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp Mjutspj;jhy;? 92 8
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
k.tp.K.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ vjph;j;jhy;? 50 50
mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 9 92
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
j.Nj.$.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ Mjutspj;jhy;? 81 19
mtw;iw ePqf
30
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
j.Nj.$.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 33 62 5
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
=.y.K.fh.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; s; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp Mjutspj;jhy;? 76 24
ePq;fs; kpf neUf;fkhfTs;s murpay; fl;rp Mjutspj;jhy;? 76 24
Mjutspg;gPh;fsh?
=.y.K.fh.,d; rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mtw;iw ePqf
; hy;? 34 58 8
~rka chpikfspd;| murpay; kPjhd NkYk; xU Fwpg;G
~rka chpikfs;| MNyhridAld; ,d;wpaikahjtpjj;jpy; rkaj;ij tpl murpay; vd;gNj gpur;rid

vd;gjhf tplak; tpsq;Fk; NghJ> mJ Xh; murpay;/,dj;Jtg; gpur;rid vd;why;> jkpo; NgRk;
fpwp];jth;fspdJk;> kw;Wk; rpq;fsk; NgRk; fpwp];jth;fspdJk; vjph;tpisT mNdfkhf kpfTk;
tpj;jpahrkhf tpsq;Fk;> Mdhy;> rkag; gpur;ridnahd;W vd;why; xNu khjphpahfNt tpsq;Fk;. ,g;
gpur;rid kPjhd ,e;j njhlh;ghly;fspd; gFg;gha;T ~murpay; vLNfhSf;fhd| Mjuit
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jd;gb ,e;j MNyhridfis 39%If; nfhz;l jkpo; NgRk; fpwp];jth;fs;
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vdf; fUJfpd;wJld;> 14%If; nfhz;l rpq;fsk; NgRk; fpwp];jth;fs;
kl;LNk ,f; fUj;jpidg; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpd;whh;fs; (ml;ltiz 62). Nkyjpfkhf> 66%,y;
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW ,e;jg; gl;baypy; j.tp.$. ~cr;repiyapy;| cs;sJ. ,J jkJ
Mjuthsh;fSf;F Xh; murpay; gpur;ridnad Rl;br;nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ.
31
ml;ltiz 62. ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| rjtPjj;jpdhy; thpir xOq;fpy; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l APRC
MNyhridfspy; ~rka chpikfs;| Vw;ghl;Lf;fhd murpay;> rka kw;Wk; ,dj;Jtg; gjpypWg;G
rka chpikfs; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

j.Nj.$. 14 7 6 7 66
kiyafj; jkpoh;fs;5 19 6 6 6 60 2
jkpoh;fs;6 22 11 7 8 50 2
jkpo; fpwp];jth;fs; 43 3 10 4 39 1
I.Nj.f. 49 22 5 3 18 2
rpq;fs fpwp];jth;fs; 46 25 4 11 14 0
K];ypk;fs; 47 19 13 9 10 3
=.y.K.fh. 56 19 8 7 8 2
k.tp.K. 36 48 9 8
=.y.R.f. 61 25 5 3 5 1
rpq;fsth;fs; 64 25 5 2 2 1
APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd KbTfspd; rhuhk;rk;
APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd ehLg+uhtpYkhd gjpypWg;nghd;iw ml;ltiz 63 toq;Ffpd;wJ.

Aj;jj;jpd; KbTf;F Kd;dh; tl khfhzj;jpw;fhd miljy; rhj;jpag;glhjjpdhy; 2009 khh;r;rpy; ,ijr;
nra;tJ rhj;jpag;gltpy;iy. vdpDk;> 2010 khh;r;rpy; tl khfhzk; cl;gl rfy khfhzq;fspypUe;Jk;
khjphpnahd;wpd; mD$yj;Jld;> KO msnthd;whf ,yq;ifapd; gpujpepjpj;Jtkhf ngWkjpapyhd
khjphpnahd;iw Kd;itg;gjw;F jw;NghJ rhj;jpakhdjhFk;. 25% ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ|> 34% ~Vw;wJ|>
22% ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$baJ|> 7% ~jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$baJ| kw;Wk; 3% kl;LNk ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
KbahJ| vd;wthW 8% kl;LNk ~njhpahJ| vd;gJld;> ~nghjp| xd;whf xd;WNru vLf;fg;gLk;
MNyhridfSf;F mjprpwe;j Kbnthd;whFk;. vdpDk;> ,dj;Jt kdTzh;nthd;wpypUe;J ,Nj
KbTfis Nehf;Fk; NghJ> cj;Njrkhd murpayikg;gpy; ngsj;j rkaj;jpw;fhd tpNrl ,lk; 50%
~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW jkpoh;fSf;F jw;NghJ xU gpur;ridahFk; vd;gij
typAWj;jj;jhd; Ntz;Lk; (ml;ltiz 11) vd;gJld;> 21% ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;wthW jdJ
=.y.R.f. Mjuthsh;fSf;F [dhjpgjpapd; vjph;fhy tfpgq;F fhpridf;fhd tplankhd;whFk;
(ml;ltiz 41).
5
,yq;ifapd; fpsh;rr ; papy; kiyafj; jkpoh;fs; Neubahfr; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fhjgbahy;> 60% vd ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ|
vd;w ,e;j KbT kpfTk; cah;thdjhfj; njhpfpd;wJ. vdpDk;> ,g; gpur;rid gw;wp Neh;Kfq; fhz;gth;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gl;l
NghJ> Etnuypah khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s `w;wd; kw;Wk; nfhj;kiy Mfpa ghhpastpyhd ,e;j kiyafg; gl;bdq;fspy;
mstPlL ; g; gzp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;bdhh;fs;. ,q;F ,e;jg; gl;bdq;fspd; ikaj;jpy; ngsj;j Myaq;fisf;
fl;Ltjw;fhd mz;ika Kaw;rpfs; cs;qh; kiyafj; jkpoh;fspdhy; gykhf vjph;f;fg;gl;ld.
6
,q;F gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gLk; jkpoh;fs; ,e;J kw;Wk; fpwp];jt jkpoh;fspd; ,izg;nghd;whFk;. ~rka chpikfs;|
gpur;ridf;F fpwp];jtj; jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G 39% vd ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;W ,Ug;gjdhy;> ,g; gpur;ridf;fhd
,e;J jkpo; gjpypWg;G ,q;F gjpT nra;a;ggl;l 59%I tpl cah;thdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd mJ ,d;wpaikahj tpjj;jpy;
gpd;njhlUk;.
32
ml;ltiz 63. APRC MNyhridfSf;F ,yq;ifapd;; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)
,yq;ifapd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ
1. mur fl;likg;G 29 38 15 2 9 7
mjpfhuq;fs; 26 37 15 4 11 8
3. ghuhSkd;wk; 23 33 17 5 10 12
mjpfhuq;fs; 21 32 20 7 11 9
7. nkhop chpikfs; 54 29 8 3 4 2
8. rka chpikfs; 54 23 6 3 11 2
9. mbg;gil chpikfs; 60 28 7 1 1 2
10. Njh;jy; Kiwik 24 30 19 5 9 13
11. ePjpj;Jiw 42 36 13 2 2 6
12. mur Nrit 25 37 19 5 4 11
ghJfhg;Gfs; 41 29 13 4 5 8
14. rl;lk; kw;Wk; xOq;F 41 31 11 3 7 6
,NjNghy> murpayikg;G nghjpf;fhd MjuT njhlh;gpy; kpfTk; rhjhuz ~Mk;/,y;iy| Nfs;tp

Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ> 83% ~Mk;|> 9% ~,y;iy| kw;Wk; 8% ~njhpahJ| Mfpatw;wpy; KO msnthd;wpy;
,yq;iff;fhd KbT kpfTk; Cf;fkspf;fpd;wJ (ml;ltiz 64). Aj;jj;jpd; Kd;dh; ~njhpahJ|
fyj;jpypUe;J rpq;fsth;fspdJk;> =.y.R.f.,dJk; MjuthdJ Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh; ~Mk;| fyj;jpw;Fk;
efh;e;Js;sJld;> tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fSk;> j.Nj.$l;likg;gpdUk; ~Mk;| vd KiwNa 77% kw;Wk; 78%
vd MNyhridfSf;F Mjutspf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gJ ,q;F ftdj;jpw;F vLg;gjw;fhd kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhd fhuzq;fshFk;. vdpDk;> jkJ murpay; jiyth;fsplkpUe;J Mjutpd; njhlh;gpy;
MNyhridfs; gw;wp mth;fs; vd;d czh;fpd;whh;fs; vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ> tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fspd;
~Mk;| 32%f;F kl;LNk tPo;r;rpaile;jJld;> ~,y;iy| 14% vdTk;> ~njhpahJ| 54% vdTk; tpsq;fpd.
Mdhy;> ,Nj rk;ge;jj;jpy; ,Nj Nfs;tp fpof;fpd; jkpoh;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ> mth;fsJ ~Mk;|
vd;w gjpy; 89%,ypUe;J 96% f;F cah;tile;jJ (ml;ltiz 40). jk;khy; ek;gf;$ba Gjpa murpay;
jiyth;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F tlf;fpd; jkpoh;fSf;F Neuk; mtrpakhFk; vdj; njhpfpd;wJ.
ml;ltiz 64: ,q;F RUf;fkhf tUzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW ,yq;iff;fhd murpayikg;G

rPhj
; pUj;jq;fspd; nghjpnahd;Wf;F ePqf
; s; Mjutspg;ghP f
; sh?
khh;r; ,yq;if rpq;fsth; jkpoh; kiyafj; K];ypk; fpof;F tlf;F NtW =.y.R.K. I.Nj.f. k.tp.K. j.Nj.$. =.K.fh.
2010 jkpoh; jkpoh; jkpoh; jkpoh;
Mk; 83 83 84 86 80 89 77 90 87 80 69 78 74
,y;iy 9 9 7 12 13 0 15 4 6 11 27 17 14
njhpahJ 8 9 8 2 8 11 8 6 7 9 4 5 12
khh;r; ,yq;if rpq;fsth; jkpoh; kiyafj; K];ypk; fpof;F tlf;F NtW =.y.R.K. I.Nj.f. k.tp.K. j.Nj.$. =.K.fh.
2009 jkpoh; jkpoh; jkpoh; jkpoh;
Mk; - 67 86 92 90 - - - 68 85 83 90 88
,y;iy - 12 4 0 1 - - - 10 3 4 2 5
njhpahJ - 21 10 8 9 - - - 22 12 13 7 7
33
gpur;ridfs;
2009 khh;rr
; py; Aj;jk; KbTf;F tu Kd; ,yq;ifapd; NtWgl;l rdr%fq;fsplkpUe;J Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l
51 NtWgl;l gpur;ridfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpd; tPjj;ijapl;
L Neh;Kfq;fhzg;gl;l rfyhplkpUe;Jk; Nfl;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;> 2010 khh;rr

; py;> Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh;>
~eilKiwapyhd Aj;jk;| my;yJ vy;.hp.hp.<. gw;wp Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;gJ njhlh;e;JNk
rhj;jpakhdjy;y. ,NjNghy> k.tp.K. kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpy; cs;s [hjpf n`y cWka Mfpad
gw;wpa Nfs;tpfs; murhq;fk; fiyf;fg;gl;ljdhy; Nfl;fg;gl Kbatpy;iy. vdNt> 2010 khh;r;rpy;
Nfs;tpf;nfhj;J kWgbAk; jahhpf;fg;gl;l NghJ mjpypUe;J ,e;j tplaq;fis mfw;wg;gl
Ntz;bapUe;jJ (ml;ltiz 65).
ml;ltiz 65. ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ|> ~Kf;fpakhdJ|> ~XusT Kf;fpakhdJ|> ~rpwpjsT

Kf;fpakhdJ>| my;yJ ~ve;jtpjj;jpYk; Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;wJ| vd;wthW 2009,y; Nfl;fg;gl;l
gpur;ridfs; tpsq;fpd. mfw;wg;gl;l tplaq;fs; 2010 khh;rr
; py; kWgbAk; nra;ag;gltpy;iy.
1. Ntiyapd;ik
2. mbg;gil Rfhjhu trjpfs; ,d;ik
3. nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp
4. gztPf;fk;
5. eilKiwapyhd Aj;jk;
6. 30 tUlq;fshf ,lk;ngw;w td;Kiwfs;
7. fle;j 2 tUlq;fspy; mjpfhpj;j td;Kiw
8. ~,uhZtf;fl;Lg;ghl;byhdJk;| kw;Wk; ~,uhZtf;fl;Lg;ghby;yhj| gFjpfshf ehl;ilf;
$WNghLjy;
9. murhq;fj;jpd; mDruizapy; NtW ,dj;jth;fs; thOk; gpuNjrq;fspy; FbNaw;wq;fis
cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; kf;fs; FO tpfpjhrhuj;jpy; khw;wq;fs;
10. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy; tuyhw;WhPjpahd gpuNjrq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Kbahik
11. tuyhw;WhPjpahd ,e;J gpuNjrq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Kbahik
12. vy;.hp.hp.<.,d; njhlh;fpd;w td;Kiw
13. filrp Gypiaf; nfhy;tJ rhj;jpaky;y
14. Aj;jj;jpdhy; kl;LNk vy;.hp.hp.<.Ig; gytPdg;gLj;j KbAk;
15. Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;l vy;.hp.hp.<. Gjpa MAjf;FOf;fSf;F vOr;rpia toq;Fk;
16. MAj Jiz ,uhZtf; FOf;fspd; ngUf;fk;
17. nghyprhhpdhy; kf;fSf;F NghjpasT Nrit toq;fhik
18. nghyprhhpd; ngUk;ghd;ik rpq;fstuhf ,Uj;jy;
19. mur ,uhZtj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ik rpq;fstuhf ,Uj;jy;
20. murpay; kw;Wk; nghJtho;f;if eltbf;iffspy; ,dthjk; ngUksT cUthjy;
21. kf;fsikg;Gfs;> Clfq;fs;> murpay; fl;rpfs; Nghd;w rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gpsT/gf;frhh;ghf elj;jy;
22. mfjpfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;jy;
23. ,yq;ifapypUe;J ntspNaWk; mfjpfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;jy;
24. vy;.hp.hp.<. kdpj chpikfis kPWjy;
25. ,uhZtk; kdpj chpikfis kPWjy;
34
26. nghyprhh; kdpj chpikfis kPWjy;
27. muRld; njhlh;Ggl;l MAjk; jhq;fpa FOf;fs; kdpj chpikfis kPWjy;
28. kdpj chpikfs; kPwy;fs; njhlh;ghd Fw;wthspfisr; rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; epWj;Jtjpy;
Njhy;tp
29. ,uhZtj;jpdhy; midj;J jkpoh;fisAk; gaq;futhjpfshff; fUJjy;
30. kiyafj; jkpoh;fSf;F mth;fSf;NfAhpj;jhd tPLfs; ,y;yhik
31. nkhop chpikfis mKYf;F nfhz;L tUtjpy; Njhy;tp
32. mur Nritapy; ngUk;ghd;ikahf rpq;fsth;fs; ,Uj;jy;
33. kiyafj; jkpoh;fsJ gpur;ridfSf;F murikg;GhPjpahd jPht
; pid toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp
34. K];ypk;fSf;F gpur;ridfSf;F murikg;GhPjpahd jPh;tpid toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp
35. ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fsJ gpur;ridfSf;F murikg;GhPjpahd jPh;tpid toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp
36. mur Nrit murpay;kakhfp ,Uj;jy;;
37. k.tp.K.,dhYk;> [h.n`.c.,dhYk; epiwNtw;wg;gLk; <by;yhj mjpfhuk;
38. k.tp.K.,dJk;> [h.n`.c.,dJk; kPJ murhq;fj;jpd; jiyik jq;fpapUj;jy;
39. Coyhd murpay;thjpfs;
40. eilKiw Nkhjypy; Raeyj;jpyhd mf;fiwfs;
41. cw;gj;jpj;jpwdw;w rkhjhd nrayfk;
42. murpay; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf Coypyhd mur epWtdq;fs;
43. murpay;thjpfs; mbf;fb fl;rp jhty;
44. jiyaPL mw;w Rje;jpukhdJk;> epahakhdJkhd Njh;jy; eilngwhik
45. murhq;fk; Clfq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
46. Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; murpay; jPh;tpid fhz;gjw;F Kbahik
47. 13MtJ jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;j Kbahik
48. 17MtJ jpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;j Kbahik
49. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fy; fhuzkhf ,yq;if gpsTglyhk;
50. gphpj;jhdpahpd; Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;lik
51. Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;dh; fhl;lg;gl;l NtWghLfs;/ ghFghLfs;
2009,Yk;> 2010,Yk; ,f; Nfs;tpf;fhd KOikahd KbTfs; ,yq;ifapy; cs;s NtWgl;l

,dj;Jtf; FOf;fSf;Fk;> fpof;fpd; jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> tlf;fpd; jkpoh;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd;
vQ;rpa gFjpfspy; cs;s jkpoh;fSf;Fk; ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd;w thpir xOq;fpy;
gpd;dpizg;gpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vdpDk;> rhuk;rg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> 2010,y; rpq;fsth;fSf;F
cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfis ml;ltiz 66 gl;bay;gLj;Jfpd;wJld;> 2009,y; ml;ltiz 67
gl;bay;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. 2010,y; jkpoh;fSf;fhd cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfs; ml;ltiz 68,y;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> 2009f;F ml;ltiz 69,y; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
35
ml;ltiz 66. 2010,y; rpq;fsth;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfs;
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; (2010) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

1MtJ gztPf;fk; 68
2MtJ Coyhd murpay;thjpfs 64
3MtJ Ntiyapd;ik 62
4MtJ nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp 54
5MtJ mur Nrit murpay;kakhfp ,Uj;jy;; 53
ml;ltiz 67. 2009,y; rpq;fsth;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfs;

rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; (2009) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ
1MtJ vy;.hp.hp.<. kdpj chpikfis kPWjy; 63
2MtJ vy;.hp.hp.<.,d; njhlh;fpd;w td;Kiw 61
3MtJ eilKiw Nkhjypy; Raeyj;jpyhd mf;fiwfs; 45
4MtJ 30 tUlq;fshf ,lk;ngw;w td;Kiwfs; 42
5MtJ filrp Gypiaf; nfhy;tJ rhj;jpaky;y 41
,it Nghd;w gpur;ridfspd; gl;bay;fs; cyifr; Rw;wpAs;s ngUksT NtWgl;l Nkhjy;fSf;F

Kd; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xt;nthU gl;baYk; NtWgl;ljhf tpsq;Ffpd;w NghjpYk;> mit ahTk;
nghJtpy; xU gz;Gf;$w;wpidf; nfhz;Ls;sd. xt;nthU rdr%fq;fspd; gl;baypd; cr;repiyapy;
cs;s tplaq;fs; ftdj;jpw;F vLf;fhkYk;> Nkhjypd; fhuzq;fs; mNj ,lj;jpy; njhlh;e;J
,Ue;jhYk; ePz;l fhy rkhjhdj;jpw;Fk;> ];jpuj;jd;ikf;Fk; mtrpag;gl;l epiyikfs;
epiwNtw;wg;glkhl;lh. cjhuzkhf> kj;jpa fpof;fpy;> ,];Nuypah;fSf;F KjyhtJ Kd;Dhpik
ghJfhg;ghFk; vd;gJld;> ghy];jPdh;fSf;F mJ ghy];jPd ehlhFk;. ghJfhg;ig ,];Nuypah;fs;
ngwhtpl;lhYk;> ehnlhd;iwg; ghy];jPdh;fs; ngwhtpl;lhYk; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; rkhjhdk;
,Uf;fkhl;lhJ.
mjph;\;ltrkhf ,yq;ifiar; Nrh;e;j rpq;fsth;fSf;F Aj;jj;jpw;F Ke;jpa mth;fsJ fhpridfs;

ahTk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;Ltpl;ld. 2009 khh;r;rpy; mth;fsJ cr;repiyapyhd 5 tplaq;fs; ~kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 63%,y; 1MtJ vd;wthW ~vy;.hp.hp.<.,dhy; kdpj chpikfspd; J\;gpuNahfk;|
mijj; njhlh;e;J 61%,y; 2MtJ vd;wthW ~vy;.hp.hp.<.,d; njhlh;fpd;w td;Kiw|> mLj;J 45%,y;
3MtJ vd;wthW ~eilKiwapyhd Nkhjypy; Raeyj;jpyhd mf;fiwfs;|> 42%,y; 4MtJ vd;wthW
~30 tUlq;fshf ,lk;ngw;w td;Kiwfs;|> ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 41%,y; 5MtJ vd;wthW
~filrp Gypiaf; nfhy;tJ rhj;jpakpy;iy| vd tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. 2010 khh;rpy; Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh;
rpq;fsth;fSf;fhd cah;epiyapyhd 5 tplaq;fshf ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 68%,y; 1MtJ
vd;wthW ~gztPf;fk;|> mijj; njhlh;e;J 64%,y; 2MtJ vd;wthW ~Coypyhd murpay;thjpfs;|>
mLj;J 62%,y; 3MtJ vd;wthW ~Ntiyapd;ik|> 54%,y; 4MtJ vd;wthW ~nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp|
kw;Wk; ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 53%,y; 5MtJ vd;wthW ~murpay; Nrit
murpay;kakhfpapUj;jy;| tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,it ahTk; nghUshjhuj;jpdJk;> ey;yhl;rpapdJk;
gpur;ridshFk;. ,J rhptuf; ifahsg;glhtpl;lhy;> murhq;fk; mjd; nghJkf;fspd; kjpg;gpidAk;>
Njh;jy; njhFjp MiziaAk; ,oe;JtpLk;. Mdhy;> mijtpl mjpfsT my;y.
36
ml;ltiz 68. 2010,y; jkpoh;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfs;
jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; (2010) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

1MtJ Ntiyapd;ik 66
2MtJ ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fsJ gpur;ridfSf;F murpayikg;GhPjpahd jPht
; pid
toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp 62
3MtJ Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; murpay; jPh;tpidf; fhz;gjw;F

Kbahik 61
4MtJ gztPf;fk; 60
ml;ltiz 69. 2009,y; jkpoh;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfs;
jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; (2009) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

1MtJ Coyhd murpay;thjpfs; 66
; pid
3MtJ Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; murpay; jPh;tpidf; fhz;gjw;F

Kbahik 62
4MtJ ,uhZtj;jpdhy; midj;J jkpoh;fisAk; gaq;futhjpfshff; fUJjy; 60

5MtJ nkhop chpikfis mKYf;F nfhz;L tUtjpy; Njhy;tp 60
2009,y;> jkpoh;fspd; cr;repiyapyhd 5 tplaq;fshf> ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 66%,y; 1MtJ

vd;wthW ~Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd; ghFghL|> mijj; njhlh;e;J 63%,y; 2MtJ vd;wthW ~,yq;ifj;
jkpoh;fsJ gpur;ridfSf;F murpayikg;GhPjpahd jPh;tpid toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp|> 62%,y; 3MtJ
vd;wthW ~Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; murpay; jPh;tpidf; fhz;gjw;F Kbahik|> 60%,y;
4MtJ vd;wthW ~,uhZtj;jpdhy; midj;J jkpoh;fisAk; gaq;futhjpfshff; fUJjy;| kw;Wk;
~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 60%,y; 5MtJ vd;wthW ~nkhop chpikfis mKYf;F nfhz;L
tUtjpy; Njhy;tp| Mfpad tpsq;Ffpd;wd. 2010,y;; ,e;j gl;bay; rpwpjsT khw;wkile;Js;sJ vd;w
cz;ikapypUe;J nrsfhpaj;ij murhq;fk; mila KbAk;. mjd;gb ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd
66%,y; jkpoh;fspd; gl;bay; kPJ ,g;NghJ Kjyhtjhf ~Ntiyapd;ik| kw;Wk; 60%,y; 4Mtjhf
~gztPf;fk;| Mfpad cs;sd. vdpDk;> jkpoh;fSf;F ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 62%,y; ~,yq;ifj;
jkpoh;fsJ gpur;ridfSf;F murpayikg;GhPjpahd jPh;tpid toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp|> 2MtJk;>
3MtJk; Kd;Dhpikfishf 61%,y; ~Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; murpay; jPh;tpidf;
fhz;gjw;F Kbahik| Mfpad tpsq;Ffpd;wd. mjph;\;ltrkhf> APRC MNyhridfspy;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW murpayikg;Gr; rPh;jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iffs;
,yq;ifapy; rfy rdr%fq;fspy; cs;s ghhpa ngUk;ghd;ikapdUf;F Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;.
mz;ika gj;jphpif mwpf;iffspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW> Mz;bd; ,Wjpf;Fs; rl;lj;jpDs; ,j;jifa
rPh;jpUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;LtUtjw;F murhq;fk; cj;Njrpj;jpUe;jhy;> murpayikg;Gg; gpur;rid
jPh;f;fg;gl;L> ehl;by; nghUshjhuj; Njitfs; gaDWjptha;e;jjhff; ftdj;jpw;nfLf;fg;gLk;
njhlh;nghd;wpDs; murpay; rk;ge;jnkhd;iw toq;Fk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fyhk; vdj; njhpfpd;wJ.
vdpDk;> jkpoh;fspd; Kd;DhpikfspYk;> fhpridfspYk; rpy gpuhe;jpa NtWghLfs; cs;sd vd;gij

nfhs;iftFg;Nghh; mwpe;J itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. tl khfhzj;jpy; tho;fpd;w jkpoh;fSf;F> ~kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhf| 71%,Yk;> 69%,Yk; 1MtJ> kw;Wk; 2MtJ vd;wthW murpayikg;Gr; rPh;jpUj;jj;jpd;
gpur;ridfs; cr;repiyapyhd Kd;Dhpikfs; njhlh;e;JkpUg;gJld;> 64%,y; 3MtJ vd;wthW
37
~Ntiyapd;ik| tpsq;Ffpd;wJ (ml;ltiz 70). vdpDk;> fpof;fpy;> rpwpjsT NtWgl;l
Kd;DhpikfSf;fhd topia Aj;jj;jpd; KbT toq;fpAs;sJ. mth;fSf;F ~kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ|
vd 80%,y; 1MtJ vd;wthW ~30 tUlq;fshf ,lk;ngw;w td;Kiwfs;|> mijj; njhlh;e;J 80%,y;
2MtJ vd;wthW ~,uhZtj;jpdhy; midj;J jkpoh;fisAk; gaq;futhjpfshff; fUJjy;|> mLj;J
74%,y; 3MtJ vd;wthW ~muRld; njhlh;Ggl;l MAjk; jhq;fpa FOf;fs; kdpj chpikfis
kPWjy;| 70%,y; 4MtJ vd;wthW ~mur ,uhZtj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ik rpq;fstuhf ,Uj;jy;|> ~kpfTk;
Kf;fpakhdJ| vd 70%,y; 5MtJ vd;wthW ~mur Nritapy; ngUk;ghd;ikahf rpq;fsth;fs;
,Uj;jy;| tpsq;Ffpd;wd (ml;ltiz 71). ehl;bd; vQ;rpa gFjpfspy; cs;s jkpoh;fisg;
nghWj;jstpy; nghUshjhuj;jpdJk; kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rpapdJk; gpur;ridfs; kPjhd typAWj;jnyhd;Wld;
VidNahiu tpl kpf mjpfsT tpj;jpahrkhdit my;y (ml;ltiz 72).
ml;ltiz 70. 2010,y; tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfs;
tlf;Fj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; (2010) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

; pid
2MtJ Ml;rpf;F te;j murhq;fq;fspdhy; murpay; jPh;tpid fhz;gjw;F

Kbahik 69
3MtJ Ntiyapd;ik 64
5MtJ murpay; kw;Wk; nghJtho;f;if eltbf;iffspy; ,dthjk; ngUksT
cUthjy; 64
ml;ltiz 71. 2010,y; fpof;Fj; jkpoh;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd 5 gpur;ridfs;
fpof;Fj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; (2010) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

2MtJ ,uhZtj;jpdhy; midj;J jkpoh;fisAk; gaq;futhjpfshff; fUJjy; 80
3MtJ muRld; njhlh;Ggl;l Majk; jhq;fpa FOf;fs; kdpj chpikfis
kPWjy; 74
4MtJ mur ,uhZtj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ik rpq;fstuhf ,Uj;jy; 70
5MtJ mur Nritapy; ngUk;ghd;ikahf rpq;fsth;fs; ,Uj;jy; 70
ml;ltiz 72. 2010,y; ,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpAs;s gFjpfspy; cs;s jkpoh;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd 5

gpur;ridfs;
Vida ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fspd; rjtPjk; (2010) kpf Kf;fpakhdJ

1MtJ gztPf;fk; 79
2MtJ Ntiyapd;ik 72
3MtJ Coyhd murpay;thjpfs; 69
4MtJ jiyaPL mw;w Rje;jpukhdJ epahakhdJkhd Njh;jy; eilngwhik 68
5MtJ nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp 68
38
,NjNghy> K];ypk;> kw;Wk; kiyafj; jkpoh;fspd; NjitfSk; mj;Jld; ghhpa murpay; fl;rpfis
(=.y.R.f.> I.Nj.f.> k.tp.K.> j.Nj.$. kw;Wk; =.y.K.fh.) Mjhpf;fpd;wth;fspd; Kd;DhpikfSk;
rpwpjsT tpj;jpahrkhditahFk;. Mdhy;> vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfp;d;wthW> ,dj;Jt kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpaf;
fhpridfis fl;rp Kd;Dhpikfs; gpd;gw;w KidAk; (KO KbTfSf;F gpd;dpizg;gpidg; ghh;f;f).
rPh;jpUj;jk; ,y;yhtpby;
APRC MNyhridfspy; Aj;jj;jpw;F Ke;jpaJk;> Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpaJkhd KbTfspypUe;J kpfTk;

tuNtw;fg;gLfpd;w KbTfspy; xd;W vd;dntd;why;> ,e;j MNyhridfSf;fhd rpq;fsth;fspd;
MjuT 2009 khh;r;rpy; ~Mk;| vd 67% vd;wthW ,Ue;J> 2010 khh;r;rpy; ~Mk;| vd 83%f;F
cah;tile;Js;sJ (ml;ltiz 64). Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpe;jpa ,yq;ifapy; ~njhpahJ| vd;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
vz;zpf;ifapyhNdhh; ~Mk;| vd;w fyj;jpw;F efh;e;jjd; %yk; ,J rhjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,NjNghy> ~fle;j
fhyj;jpd; gpur;ridfisf; ifahs;tjw;F murpayikg;gpy; rPh;jpUj;jk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; vd;d elf;Fk;
vd mth;fs; epidf;fpwhh;fs;| vd Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ> 2009,y; ~njhpahJ| vd njhptpj;j rpq;fsth;fs;
nrYj;Jtjw;F murpay;> nghUshjhu kw;wk; r%f nrytPdk; ,Uf;Fk; vd jkJ fUj;jpid jw;NghJ
njspthf ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh;fs; (ml;ltizfs; 73 kw;Wk; 74). 2098,y;> ~vy;.hp.hp.<. my;yJ Gjpa
jPtputhjf; FOf;fs; kPzL ; k; gaq;futhj eltbf;iffis Muk;gpf;Fk;| vd;W ~ngUksT
epfof;$baJ| vd fUjpa rpq;fsth;fspy; 8%,dh; 2010,y; 15%f;F mjpfhpj;jJld; (18%
~epfoj;jf;fJ|> 34% ~rhj;jpakhdJ|) 2009,y; ~njhpahJ| vd;W 25%Mf tpsq;fp 2010,y; 6% kl;LNk
vd;wthW tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.
ml;ltiz 73. 2010,y; rPh;jpUj;jk; ,y;yhtpby; rpq;fsth;fspd; fhpridfs;
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; (2010) ngUksT epfof; rhj;jpakhdJ epfo ngUksT njhpahJ

epfof;$baJ $baJ KbahJ epfo
KbahJ
rh;tNjrr; r%fk; ,yq;ifapy;
KjyPLfisr; nra;ahJ 16 19 30 21 7 7
,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuk;
Kd;Ndw;wkilahJ 19 18 24 25 9 6
,e;jpah njhlh;e;Jk; ,yq;if
tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaPLfis 10 15 37 18 11 10
Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
vy;.hp.hp.<. my;yJ Gjpa MAjf;
FOf;fs; gaq;futhj 15 18 34 16 11 6
nraw;ghLfis kPzL ; k; Muk;gpf;Fk;
rkhjhdj;ij epiyehl;Ltjw;fhd/
,Wjpj; jPhi
; t miltjw;fhd
jw;Nghija tha;gg
; pid vjph;fhy 16 17 34 16 10 8
jiyKiwapdh; ,og;gh;
39
ml;ltiz 74. 2009,y; rPh;jpUj;jk; ,y;yhtpby; rpq;fsth;fspd; fhpridfs;
rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; (2009) ngUksT epfof; rhj;jpakhdJ epfo ngUksT njhpahJ
epfof;$baJ $baJ KbahJ epfo
KbahJ
rh;tNjrr; r%fk; ,yq;ifapy;
KjyPLfisr; nra;ahJ 7 18 19 25 13 18
,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuk;
Kd;Ndw;wkilahJ 7 18 22 23 15 15
,e;jpah njhlh;e;Jk; ,yq;if
tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaPLfis 7 20 23 16 9 25
Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
vy;.hp.hp.<. my;yJ Gjpa MAjf;
FOf;fs; gaq;futhj 8 21 21 14 11 25
nraw;ghLfis kPzL ; k; Muk;gpf;Fk;
rkhjhdj;ij epiyehl;Ltjw;fhd/
,Wjpj; jPhi
; t miltjw;fhd
jw;Nghija tha;gg
; pid vjph;fhy 11 16 19 18 13 24
jiyKiwapdh; ,og;gh;
APRC MNyhridfSf;F Mjutpd; xNu tbtikg;igj; njhlh;;e;J> 2009,Yk;> 2010,Yk; ~ngUksT

epfof;$baJ| vd;wthW 41%,y; jkpoh;fSf;fhd ,e;j gpur;ridf;F 2009,f;Fk;> 2010f;Fk;
,ilapyhd KbTfspy; rpwpjsT tpj;jpahrnkhd;Ws;sJ. Mdhy;> 2009,y; ~ngUksT epfof;$baJ|
vd;wthW 44%,Yk;> 2010,y; 31%,Yk; K];ypk;fSf;fhd fhpridapy; (mj;Jld; APRC
MNyhridfSf;fhd MjuT - ml;ltiz 64) rpwpjsT tPo;r;rp ,Ue;jJ. re;Njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp> APRC
MNyhridfSf;F xU eghpd; Mjutspg;Gf;Fk;> ,yq;ifapd; vjph;fhyj;jpw;fhd mth;fsJ
fhpridf;Fk; ,ilapy; cwnthd;Ws;sJ. MdhYk;> ,f;fhprid rpq;fsth;fis tpl jkpoh;fs;
kj;jpapy; kpfTk; gykhf czug;gLfpd;wJ (ml;ltiz 75).
40
ml;ltiz 75. rjtPjkhf 2010,y; rPh;jpUj;jk; ,y;yhtpby; fhpridfs; - ~ngUksT epfof;$baJ|
rjtPjk; rpq;fs jkpoh; tlf;F fpof;F NtW kiya K];ypk; =.y.R.K. I.Nj.f k.tp.K j.Nj. =.K.fh.
~ngUksT th; jkpoh; jkpoh; jkpoh; fj; . . $.
epfof;$baJ| jkpoh;
(2010)
rh;tNjrr;
r%fk;
,yq;ifapy; 16 44 36 50 48 37 26 16 27 9 45 19
KjyPLfisr;
nra;ahJ
,yq;ifapd;
nghUshjhuk;
Kd;Ndw;w 19 51 40 67 50 49 27 19 30 19 64 23
kilahJ
,e;jpah
njhlh;eJ; k;
,yq;if
tptfhuq;fspy; 10 39 27 38 53 24 31 10 23 23 42 33
jiyaPLfis
Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
vy;.hp.hp.<.
my;yJ Gjpa
MAjf;
FOf;fs;
gaq;futhj 15 41 37 59 32 47 31 16 24 19 53 33
nraw;ghLfis
kPzL; k;
Muk;gpf;Fk;
rkhjhdj;ij
epiyehl;Ltj
w;fhd/ ,Wjpj;
jPhi
; t
miltjw;fhd
jw;Nghija 16 54 53 62 48 51 30 16 26 14 65 24
tha;g;gpid
vjph;fhy
jiyKiw
apdh; ,og;gh;
,yq;ifapy; APRC MNyhridfSf;F Mjuthdth;fs; my;yJ vjpuhdth;fs;
,yq;ifapd; rdj;njhifapy; mz;zsthf 10%,dh; APRC MNyhridfis vjph;g;gJld;> ,e;j

10%MdJ rpq;fs kw;Wk; jkpo; rdr%fq;fspd; mk;rnkhd;whFk;. Mdhy;> re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkpd;wp
xNu fhuzq;fSf;F my;y. vdNt> ,e;j 10%,dh; ahh; vd;gJld;> mth;fsJ Fztpay;Gfs; vd;d?
,f; Nfs;tpf;fhd gjpnyhd;iwg; ngWtjw;fhd Kaw;rpnahd;whf> rpwe;j khjphpnahd;iw
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kl;Lkd;wp Mdhy;> murpayikg;Gr; rPhj
; pUj;jj;ij Mjutspf;fpd;wth;fspdJk;>
Mjutspf;fhjth;fspdJk; kdg;ghd;ikfis Muha;tjw;fhf Nfs;tpf;nfhj;jpd; Kbtpy; xU
njhifapyhd Fbj;njhifapay; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gl;ld. APRC MNyhridfSf;F ~,y;iy| vd;W
$wpa rfyUf;Fk; jkJ rk;ge;jg;gLj;jy; Fzfq;fSld; Nrh;j;J Fbj;njhifapay; khwypfisAk;
ml;ltiz 76 gl;bay;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,it nghUs; tpsf;fkspg;gjw;F ,yFthditahFk;. Fzfk;
jpl;lkhdnjd;why; (+)> ~,y;iy| vd;W $wpath;fspd; Fztpay;Ng khwpypahFk;. vdpDk;> Fzfk;
kWjiyahdnjd;why; (-)> ~Mk;| vd;W $wpath;fspd; Fztpay;Ng khwpypahFk;. ,Wjpahf> Fzfk;
xU el;rj;jpuf; Fwpia (*) nfhz;bUe;jhy;> mJ ~Kf;fpakhdJ| vd;gJld;> mJ ,U
41
el;rj;jpuf;Fwpfisf; (**) nfhz;bUe;jhy; ~kpf Kf;fpakhdJ| vd;gjhFk; (gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
Nfs;tpfspd; gpujpfs; gpd;dpizg;gpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd).
khwpyp rpq;fsth; ~,y;iy| (N = jkpoh; ~,y;iy| (N = 477)

882)7
ghy;epiy (Mz;) 0.041 0.039
taJ 0.044 0.024
gFjpapd; tif (efu) 0.011 -0.094*
tUkhdk; -0.071* 0.042
fy;tp -0.012 0.108*
kj;jp 0.043 -0.107*
tl kj;jp -0.077* -0.03
tlf;F -0.029 0.252**
fpof;F 0.053 -0.122**
tl Nkw;F -0.063 -0.015
rg;ufKt 0.002 0.029
njw;F -0.031
Cth 0.055 -0.033
Nkw;F 0.019 -0.072
=.y.R.f. -0.111** -0.05
I.Nj.f. 0.04 -0.078
k.tp.K. 0.116** -0.015
j.Nj.$. 0.147**
=.y.K.fh. -0.021
rkaj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; -0.072* -0.168**
nrhe;j ,dj;Jtf; FOtpd; -0.111** 0.002
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
,yq;ifauhf tpsq;Ftjd; -0.096** -0.259**
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Vida ,dj;Jtf; FOTld; -0.015 -0.244**
njhlh;G
[dehafg; ngWkjp -0.125** -0.066
NkhjYf;F ghjpg;G 0.084* 0.089
ghy;epiyAld; rpwpjsT Mdhy; mw;gkhd tpjj;jpy; cWjpahd rk;ge;jg;gLj;jy; xd;Ws;sJ. ,J

APRC MNyhridfSf;F ngz;fis tpl ~,y;iy| vd Mz;fs; mNdfkhf rpwpJ mjpfsT
$Wthh;fs; vd;gijr; Rl;br;nrhy;fpd;wJ. ngz;fis tpl Nkhjy;fspYk;> vjph;g;GfspYk; rpwpJ
mjpfsT Mdhy;> mjpfstpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; md;wp rk;ge;jg;gl Mz;fs; Kidfpd;whh;fs;
vd;gjdhy; ,J vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl Ntz;bajhFk;. Kf;fpakhd fhuzpnahd;whf taJ tpsq;Ftjhfj;
njhpatpy;iy. Mdhy;> efuj;jpy; ,Ug;gjdhYk;> APRC MNyhridfSf;F ~,y;iy| vd
$wf;$bajhf jkpouhf ,Ug;gjdhYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f kWjiyapyhd Fzfnkhd;Ws;sJ. vdNt>
~,y;iy| vdf; $Wk; jkpoh;fs; fpuhkthrpfshf tpsq;ff;$Lk;. mth;fs; tlf;F gpuhe;jpajj;ijr;
Nrh;e;jth;fshf tpsq;FtJld;> rpwe;j fy;tpawpitg; ngw;wjhfTk;> j.Nj.$.cld;
,ize;jpUg;gth;fshfTk; tpsq;Fthh;fs;. Mdhy;> APRC MNyhridfSf;F ~Mk;| vd mNdfkhf
$wf;$baJk;> nghpJk; epr;rakhf ~Kfhkpy; ,y;iy| vd;wthW ,y;yhjpUg;gJkhd jkpoh;fs; fpof;fpy;
cs;s jkpoh;fNsahth;. ,e;j mwpf;ifapy; ~gpur;ridfs;| gFjpapy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW
7
rk;ge;jg;gLj;jy; Fzfq;fspd; ngWkjpapd; xg;gPLfs; xt;nthU FOtpDs; (rpq;fsk; my;yJ jkpo;) kl;LNk nra;ag;gl
KbAk;. Mdhy;> xt;nthU FOtpy; cs;s vz;zpf;if (N) xNuasthf ,Uf;fhjjpdhy; xt;nthU FOTf;F ,ilapy;
nra;a KbahJ.
42
tlf;fpd; jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> fpof;fpd; jkpoh;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpj;jpahrq;fs; cs;sd
(ml;ltizfs; 70 kw;Wk; 71).
fpl;Lfpd;w juTfspypUe;J> ~,y;iy| vd nghpJNk mNdfkhf $wf;$ba rpq;fsth;fs; k.tp.K. cld;

,ize;jpUg;gjw;F Kidfpd;w mNjNtis> ~Mk;| vd kpfTk; gyj;Jld; $wf;$bath;fs; tl kj;jpa
gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; tho;tJld;> rpwpjsT twpath;fshf tpsq;FtJld;> [dhjpgjpapd; fl;rpahd
=.y.R.fl;rpf;F thf;fspg;ghh;fs;. Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftpjj;jpy;> xd;wpy; rpq;fsth;fSf;F my;yJ
jkpoh;fSf;F ~,y;iy| vdf; $WtJld; rkaj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; rk;ge;jg;gLtjpy;iy. cyifr;
Rw;wpAs;s NtW Nkhjy;fspy; rka ~jPtpuj;jd;ik| tfpgq;nfhd;iw Mw;Wtjpy;iy. Mdhy;> ,j;
juTfSf;F Vw;g ,q;F Nkhjypd; mk;rnkhd;whf ,J tpsq;Fjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. vdpDk;> ,e;j
mwpf;ifapy; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW rkaj;jpd; murpay; NtWgl;l tplankhd;whFk; (ghh;f;f
ml;ltiz 62). rpq;fsth;fshf ,Ug;gjdhy;> rpq;fsth;fSk;> jkpoh;fSk; ,yq;ifah;fshf
,Ug;gjdhy; APRC MNyhridfSf;F ~Mk;| vdf; $WtJld; rk;ge;jg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpoh;fSf;Fk;>
rpq;fsth;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; njhlh;G ,d;iknahd;W ,yq;ifapy; xU gpur;ridahFk;. Vnddpy;
,j;jifa njhlh;gpidf; nfhz;bUf;fhj jkpoh;fs; APRC MNyhridfSf;F ~,y;iy| vd
mNdfkhf nghpJNk $Wthh;fs;. rpq;fsth;fSf;F> ~Mk;| vdf; $WtJld; [dehafg; ngWkjpfs;
rk;ge;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> NkhjYf;F ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sth;fshf mth;fs; tpsq;Fifapy;> ~,y;iy|
vd;W $WtJld; rk;ge;jg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpoh;fSf;Fk;> rpq;fsth;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
njhlh;gpd;ikahdJ ,yq;ifapy; xU gpur;ridahf ,Uf;Fk;. Vnddpy; ,j;jifa njhlh;gpidf;
nfhz;bUf;fhj jkpoh;fs; APRC MNyhridfSf;F ~,y;iy| vd nghpJk; mNdfkhf $Wthh;fs;.
~Mk;| vd $Wtjd; %yk; [dehafg; ngWkjpfs; rpq;fsth;fSf;F rk;ge;jg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;>
NkhjYf;F ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fshf mth;fSk; tpsq;Ftjdhy;> ~,y;iy| vdf; $Wtjd; %yk;
rk;ge;jg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
,e;j fl;Liuahrphpaiu tpl ,yq;ifr; r%fj;ij mwpe;Jk;> Ghpe;Jk; itj;jpUf;fpd;wth;fs; ,q;F

RUf;fkhf kjpg;ghag;gl;Ls;s vz;zpf;iffSf;F mjpfsT fUj;jpidAk;> kjpg;Gzh;tpidAk;
Nrh;f;ff;$bajhf ,Ug;ghh;fs; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. vdpDk;> nra;ag;glTs;s Kf;fpakhd fhuzk;
vd;dntdpy;> ,e;j mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;gpy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gl;l r%f Muha;r;rpapd; tiff;F
ntspg;gilahf KO ,yq;ifAk; jw;NghJ ,Ug;gjdhy;> ,j;jifa Muha;r;rpahdJ vjph;fhyj;jpy;
rkhjhdj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> rkhjhdj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; mj;Jld; kPspzf;fj;jpw;Fk;
jpl;lkhd gq;fspg;nghd;iwr; nra;af;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
,yq;iff;F ntspNa Kd;Ndw;wfukhd rPh;jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd vjph;g;G
APRC eilKiwf;F ntspNa fl;rpfSld; Kiwrhuh fye;Jiuahly;fs; cl;gl APRC,d;

cWg;gpdh;fspdhy; tUlf;fzf;fhd ftdkhd Ngr;Rthh;j;ijahdJ ,yq;ifapy; cs;s rfy
rdr%fq;fSf;Fk; rk mstpy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;f MNyhridfspd; njhFjpnahd;wpd;
tFj;jikj;jYf;F ,l;Lr;nrd;Ws;sJld;> gpur;ridfs; vq;F epyTfpd;wd vd;gijAk;
Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd vd;gij mjpf tpgukhf me;j Mjuit Muha;tjw;Fk; mj;Jld; tpghpg;gjw;Fk;
(my;yJ nghUj;jkhdtplj;J MjuT ,d;ik) Muha;r
; ;rpapd; ,e;jj; jpl;lk; jw;NghJ
,ayf;$bajhfTs;sJ.
tl mah;yhe;jpy; ,ijnahj;j tUlf;fzf;fhd Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; KOtJk; If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd;

tl mah;yhe;jpy; cz;ikahfNt vd;d elf;fpd;wJ vd;gijapl;L fzprkhdsT
Ghpe;Jzh;tpd;iknahd;W ,Ue;jJ. mq;F mah;yhe;J guk;giuapd; ngUksT mnkhpf;fh;fs;
mah;yhe;J FbauR ,uhZtj;ij njhlh;e;Jk; Mjutspj;jJld;> rpwpjsT mwpTld; If;fpa
mah;yhe;jpw;fhd mth;fsJ tpUg;gk; my;yJ mjpfhujijg; gq;fpLk; xOq;Ffspd; kjpg;Gah;T
ngy;gh];l; cld;gbf;ifapd; epajpfspd; fPo; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,NjNghy> jkJ
ehLfspd; gpur;ridfSf;F murpayikg;G jPh;nthd;iwf; fz;lwptjw;F APRC,d; Kaw;rpfisapl;L
ntspehLfspy; cs;s jkpoh;fs; KOikahf mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gNj tplakhfj; njhpfpd;wJ.
43
,q;F Kaw;rpf;fg;gl;lJk;> Nrhjpf;fg;gl;lJkhd tphpthd APRC MNyhridfSf;F kWjiyahf
(ml;ltiz 3)> cyfj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s jkpo; rdr%fj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fs; jkpoh; rh;t[dthf;nfLg;G
vd mth;fs; miofpd;w gpd;tUk; $w;wpid mz;ikapy; toq;fpapUe;jdh;:
~,yq;ifapd; jPtfj;jpy; cs;s jkpo; NgRk; kf;fs; Kw;wpYk; Ntwhd Njrnkhd;iwf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;> ghuk;ghpakhd jhafj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs; mj;Jld; Raeph;zapj;jpw;fhd
chpikiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,yq;ifapd; jPtfj;jpd; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F
gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s Rje;jpukhdJk;> ,iwikia nfhz;lJkhd jkpo; <oj; Njrk; mikf;fg;gLtij
ehd; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.|
~Mk;| my;yJ ~,y;iy| vd;w gjpYf;F kl;LNk toq;fg;gl;bUe;j ~nghUj;jkhd ngl;bapy; FWf;Ff;
NfhbLkhW| (X) mth;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUe;jdh;. ,e;j mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G my;yJ
rh;t[dthf;nfLg;G mT];jpNuypah> fdlh> nld;khh;f;> gpuhd;];> N[h;kdp> ,j;jhyp> nejh;yhe;J>
Nehh;Nt kw;Wk; Rtpw;rh;yhe;J Mfpatw;wpy; eilngw;wJld;> ehLfle;j jkpo; <oj;jpw;F nkhj;jkhd
323>500 thf;Ffspy; nkhj;jkhf 207>058 thf;Ffs; mspf;fg;gl;lJld;> ,J 99.68% vd;gJld;>
0.32%,dh; kl;LNk vjph;j;J thf;fspj;jdh; (ml;ltiz 77).
ml;ltiz 77. 2010 Vg;uypy; jkpoh;fspd; rh;t[dthf;nfLg;gpd; KbTfs;
ehL thf;fspg;gl;l nkhj;jk; ~Mk;| rjtPjk; ~,y;iy| rjtPjk;

mT];jpNuypah 8,154 99.38 0.62
fdlh 48,583 99.82 0.18
nld;khh;f; 4,147 99.49 0.51
gpuhd;]; 31,148 99.86 0.14
N[h;kdp 23,089 99.41 0.59
,j;jhyp 3,680 98.79 1.21
nejh;yhe;J 2,750 99.67 0.33
Nehh;Nt 5,633 99.11 0.89
Rtpw;rh;yhe;J 16,441 99.80 0.20
If;fpa ,uh[;ak; 64,692 99.71 0.29
nkhj;jk; 207,058 99.68 0.32
rkhjhd cld;gbf;iff;F murpay; rl;lg+h;tjd;ikia toq;Ftjw;fhd rh;t[dthf;nfLg;nghd;wpy;

tl mah;yhe;jpdJk;> mah;yhe;J FbaurpdJk; (njd; mah;yhe;J) kf;fSf;F ngy;gh];l;
cld;gbf;if mspf;fg;gl;lik kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 1998 Nk 22 md;W eilngw;w rh;t[d
thf;fspg;gpy;> 71%If; nfhz;l tl mah;yhe;J kf;fs; ~Mk;| vd thf;fspj;jJld;> 1998 nghpa
nts;sp md;W gphpl;b\; murhq;fj;jpdhYk;> mah;yhe;J murhq;fj;jpdhYk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l
cld;gbf;iff;F 2 thuq;fSf;F Kd;dh; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspy; jug;Gf;fspd; rhh;ghf elj;jg;gl;l
nghJrd mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;nghd;wpy;> cld;gbf;ifia jhk; Mjutspg;gjhf 77%,dh;
njhptpj;jdh;. mjw;F vjpuhf thf;fspg;gjw;F jkJ cWg;gpdh;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F ,aYkhf
tpsq;fpa vjph;f;fl;rpahd [dehaf xd;wpaf; fl;rp (DUP) thf;nfLg;gpdJk;> rh;t[d thf;nfLg;gpdJk;
KbTfSf;F ,ilapyhd 6%If; nfhz;l tPor ; ;rpiaapl;L tpsf;fkspf;f KbAk;.
,yq;ifapy; APRC MNyhridfspd; Nrhjidf;fhd KbTfs; cz;ikahfNt ngy;gh];l;

cld;gbf;if thf;fspg;Gf;fhd KbTfis tpl ey;yJ ,y;yhtpby; mijtplr; rpwe;jjhFk; vd;gJld;>
44
tl mah;yhe;jpy; me;j KbTfspd; gyj;jpd; kPJ rkhjhdj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$bath;fshf
tpsq;fpdhh;fs;. ek;gpf;ifAld;> ,yq;ifapy; jw;NghJ Njh;jy;fs; Kbtile;Js;sjdhy;>
murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpDs; APRC MNyhridfisf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F Gjpa murhq;fk;
eltbf;iffis vLf;Fk;. gaDWjptha;e;j mKyhf;fj;Jld;> ,e;j rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; nfhz;L tuf;$ba
rkhjhdj;jpypUe;Jk;> ];jpuj;jd;ikapypUe;Jk; ,d;wpaikahj tpjj;jpy; gha;fpd;w rfy ed;ikfisAk;
,yq;ifapd; rfy kf;fSk; gq;fpLtjw;F epahakhd tpjj;jpy; vjph;ghh;ff ; KbAk;. jkpo; <oj;Jf;fhd
Rje;jpuj;jpd; tpUg;Gf;fis my;yJ rkepiykhwhj epiyia kl;LNk mspf;fpd;w rh;t[d
thf;nfLg;Gf;fs; ,ijr; rhjpf;f KbahJ. ,e;j ,uz;LNk me;j tpUg;Gf;fNs ,yq;iff;F jw;NghJ
Njitg;gl;ljhFk;. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUg;gjw;F jahuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. vdpDk;>
Kw;WKOjhf ~Njrpa gpur;ridia| jPh;gg ; jw;F ,e;j tha;g;gpid ,yq;ifapy; cs;s jiyikj;Jtk;
vLf;Fkh my;yJ ,y;iyah vd;gJ ntspg;gilahd gpur;ridnahd;whfj; njhlh;eJ ; kpUf;Fk;.
kf;fisg; nghWj;jstpy;> ,f; fjT jpwe;Js;sJ. kf;fspdhy; [dhjpgjpf;Fk;> mtuJ
murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; ifaspf;fg;gl;Ls;s Kd;ndg;nghOJk; ,y;yhjtifapy; Njh;jy; Mizia
toq;Fifapy;> mth;fis topelj;jpr; nry;tjw;F mrhjhuzkhfNt gykhd epiynahd;wpy; mth;fs;
jw;NghJ ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;.
45
gpd;dpizg;G: Nfs;tpf;nfhj;J
46
Nrh\y; ,d;bNfl;lh;
mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G 2010
105> 5tJ xOq;if> nfhOk;G - 03. njhiyNgrp ,y. 2370473/ 4
njhlh; ,y
tPl;L vz;
Ngl;b fhz;gthpd; ngah:;
,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s vy;yhj; jfty;fSk; cz;ikahdit vd;Wk; jpUj;jkhdit vd;Wk;

mit mwpTWj;jg;gl;lthW gjpyspj;jthplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;lit vd;Wk; ,j;jhy; ehd;
cWjpg;gLj;JfpNwd;.
______________________________
( Ngl;b fhz;gthpd; ifnahg;gk;);
tzf;fk;! vd;Dila ngah;; ……………………………………ehd; r%fg; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpr; RahjPdkhf

Ma;T elj;Jfpd;w xU Ma;T epWtdkhd Nrh\y; ,d;bNfl;lh; vd;w Ma;T epWtdj;jpd; rhh;gpy;
te;jpUf;fpNwd;. ehk; jw;Nghija ehl;L epiytuk; gw;wpa xU Ma;it Nkw;nfhs;fpNwhk;. mJ
gw;wp cq;fSld; rpwpJ Neuk; fijf;f cq;fspd; nghd;dhd Neuj;jpy; rpwpij xJf;fp
xj;Jiof;FkhW Ntz;LfpNwhk;.
ePq;fs; njhptpf;fpd;w fUj;Jf;fs; vy;yhk; kpf ,ufrpakhf itj;jpUf;fg;gLnkd;W ehd; cq;fSf;F

cj;juthjkspf;fpNwd;.
Nkw;ghh;itahsh;
Nkw;ghh;itahshpd; ngah; :
kPs; rhpghh;j;j jpfjp :
epiy : 1: nry;Yg;gbahdJ
2: nry;Yg;gbaw;wJ
3: re;Njfj;Jf;FhpaJ
nry;Yg;gbaw;wjhapd; fhuzq;fs; $wTk; :
re;Njfj;Jf;Fhpajhapd; fhuzq;fs; $wTk; :
_________________________
Nkw;ghh;itahshpd; ifnahg;gk;
47
fp\; rl;lfk;
,e;j tPl;by; 18 taJf;Fk; 65 taJf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l vj;jid Ngh; trpf;fpd;whh;fnsd;W jaT nra;J
nrhy;YtPhf; sh?
(gjpyspg;gtiuj; njhpTnra;tjw;F fp\; rl;lfj;ijg; gad;gLj;jTk;.)
Ml;fspd;
nkhj;j tPlL
; vz;
vz;zpf;if
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1
3 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 2
4 4 1 3 4 3 1 2 2 1 2
5 1 1 5 3 2 2 4 5 4 1
6 6 4 1 5 4 1 2 6 3 5
7 5 2 3 1 7 7 3 2 6 4
8 2 5 4 1 1 3 5 4 8 7
9 3 4 6 7 5 8 1 9 2 5
10 7 10 8 3 2 4 1 6 1 5
rl;lj;jpy; njhpTnra;j Mspd; ,yf;fj;ijAk; Fwpf;fTk;.
jaTnra;J vdf;;F ....... egUld; (fp\; rl;lfg;gb njhpT njhpTnra;ag;gl;lth;) fijf;f KbAkh?
1. Mk;
2. ,y;iy
1. gjpyspg;gth; Ngl;b vLg;gij tpUk;ghtpl;lhy;> (kw;wa tPPl;lhiu re;jpAq;fs;)
2. gjpyspg;gth; Fwpj;j re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ,Uf;fhtpl;lhy; Ngl;bapid gpd;dh; elj;Jtjw;F
mthplk; Neuj;ij xJf;fpf; nfhs;f.
48
1. gpur;rpidfs;
,dg;gpur;rpidf;F fhuzkha; mike;jit njhlh;gpy; gy;NtW r%fq;fisr; Nrh;e;j kf;fs;
kpfTk; NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. vkJ ehl;bd; gy;NtWgl;l
gpuNjrq;fisr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; mspj;j gpur;rpidfs; njhlh;ghd gjpy;fis cq;fSf;F
thrpj;Jf; fhl;LfpNwd;. ,tw;wpy; xt;nthd;Wk; ‘kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ’> ‘Kf;fpakhdJ’>
‘XusT Kf;fpakhdJ’> ‘rpwpjsT Kf;fpakhdJ’> ‘ve;jtpjj;jpYk; Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;wJ’.
kpfTk; Kf;fp XusT rpwpjs ve;jtpj DK/ No

Kf;fpa akhd Kf;fp T j;jpYk; NS Ans
khdJ J akhd Kf;fp Kf;fpa wer
J akhd j;Jtkw;
J wJ
1. Ntiyapd;ik
2. mbg;gil Rfhjhu
trjpfs; ,y;yhik
3. nghUshjhu tPor ; ;rp
4. gztPff ; k;
5. 30 tUlq;fshf
,lk;ngw;w td;Kiwfs;
6. murhq;fj;jpd;
mDruizapy; NtW
,dj;jth;fs; thOk;
gpuNjrq;fspy;
FbNaw;wq;fis
cUthf;fy; kw;Wk;
kf;fs; FOkq;fspd;
khw;wq;fs;
7. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy;
tuyhw;W hPjpahd
ngsj;j gpuNjrq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;F Kbahik
8. tuyhw;W hPjpahd ,e;J
gpuNjrq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;F Kbahik
10. nghyp]hhpdhy;
kf;fSf;F Nrit
toq;fhik
11. nghyp]hhpd;
ngUk;ghd;ik
rpq;fsth;fshf ,Uj;jy;
12. mur ,uhZtj;jpd;
ngUk;ghd;ik
13. murpaypy; kw;Wk; nghJ
tho;fi; f
eltbf;iffspy;
,dthjk; ngUksT
cUthjy;
14. rptpy; r%fk; xU
fl;rpia vLj;jy;/
gf;frhh;ghf elj;jy;
15. mfjpfspd; vz;zpf;if
mjpfhpj;jy;
16. ,yq;ifapypUe;J
49
ntspNaWk; mfjpfspd;
vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;jy;
17. ,uhZtk; kdpj
chpikfis kPWjy;
18. nghyp]huhy; kdpj
chpikfis kPWjy;
19. muRld; njhlh;Ggl;l
MAjk; jhq;fpa
FOf;fs; kdpj
chpikfis kPWjy;
20 kdpj chpikfs;
kPwy;fs; njhlh;ghd
Fw;wthspfis
rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy;
epWj;Jtjpy; Njhy;tp
21. ,uhZtj;jpdhy;
midj;J jkpoh;fisAk;
gaq;futhjpfshf
fUjy;
22. kiyafj; jkpoh;fSf;F
mth;fSf;Nf chpj;jhd
tPLfs; ,y;yhik
23. nkhop chpikfs;
mKYf;F nfhz;L
tUtjpy; Njhy;tp
24. mur Nritapy;
ngUk;ghd;ik
25. kiyafj; jkpoh;fsJ
gpur;rpidfSf;F
murpay; mikg;G
hPjpahd jPh;tpid
toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp
26. K];ypk;fsJ
gpur;rpidfSf;F
murpay; mikg;G
hPjpahd jPh;tpid
toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp
27. ,yq;if jkpoh;fsJ
gpur;rpidfSf;F
murpay; mikg;G
hPjpahd jPh;tpid
toq;Ftjpy; Njhy;tp
28. mur Nrit murpay;
kakhfpapUj;jy;
29. [hjpf n`y cUka
kw;Wk; kf;fs; tpLjiy
Kd;dzp msTf;F kPwpa
mjpfhuj;ij
nfhz;bUj;jy;
30. Coyhd murpay;
thjpfs;
31 mur Nrit murpay;
kakhfpapUj;jy;
32. murpay; thjpfs;
mbf;fb fl;rpjhty;
50
33. jiyaPL mw;w
Rje;jpukhdJ
epahakhdJkhd Njh;jy;
34. murhq;fk;
Clfq;fisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
35. Ml;rpf;F te;j
murhq;fq;fshy;
murpay; jPh;tpid
fhz;gjw;F Kbahik
36. 13tJ jpUj;jr;
rl;lj;jpid
mKy;g;gLj;j Kbahik
37. 17tJ jpUj;jr;
rl;lj;jpid
mKy;g;gLj;j Kbahik
38. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy;
mjpfhug; gutyhf;fy;
fhuzkhf ,yq;if
gpsTglyhk;
39. gphpj;jhdpahpd; Ml;rpf;F
cl;gl;lik
40. Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;dh;
fhl;lg;gl;l NtWghLfs;
ehl;by; rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; cWjpg;ghL njhlh;gpy; cq;fsJ fUj;J
,f; Nfs;tpf; nfhj;jpy; Vida gFjpfspdhy; ehl;by; rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; cWjpg;ghl;bid

epiyehl;Ltjw;F vd;d eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Muhag;gLfpwJ. xt;nthU
tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpYk; ‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’> ‘Vw;wJ’> ‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $baJ’> ‘jhq;fpf;
nfhs;sf; $baJ’> ‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ’ vd;W Fwpg;gplTk;.
‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’ – ehl;bd; cWjpg;ghl;bw;F kw;Wk; ey;ynjhU vjph;fhyj;jpw;F ,jid

KOikahf mKy;gg ; Lj;jy; Njit vd ePqf ; s; epidf;fpwPhf
; s;.
‘Vw;wJ’ – ePqf
; s; ‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’ vd epidf;ftpy;iy. MapDk; ,J
‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’ vd;gjw;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJld; ‘nraw;gLj;jp ghh;ff
; Ntz;Lk;’
‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $baJ’ - ,J ‘Vw;wJ’ vDksTf;F ey;y

; J my;y MdhYk; cq;fshy;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $baJ.
‘jhq;fpf;nfhs;sf; $baJ’ - ,J cq;fSf;F NjitahdJ my;y. MapDk; ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G>

cWjpg;ghL kw;Wk; kpfTk; ey;ynjhU vjph;fhyj;jpw;F jhq;fpf;nhfs;sf; $baJ.
‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ’ – ve;jnthU tplak; fhuzkhfNth xUNghJk; Vw;;Wf;nfhs;s

KbahJ. ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; cWjpg;ghL Vw;gLtjw;F fhuzkha; mike;j NghjpYk;
ehd; ,jid Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ.
4k; gphpT - murpay; fl;rp

Cq;fSf;F neUf;fkhd murpay; fl;rp ,e;j MNyhridfis g+uzkhf Mjhpf;Fk; vdpd;
me;j MNyhridf;F cq;fsJ MjuT njhlh;gpy; ‘Kf;fpak;’> ,Ue;jhy; ey;yJ
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy; jhq;fpf; nfhs;s;y; kw;Wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shik Nghd;w nrhw;fis ghtpj;J
tpil jUf.
51
2. kWrPuikg;G fhzg;glhtpbd;
fPNo gl;bayplg;gl;l gy;NtW rhj;jpaf;$Wfspd; gb fle;jfhy gpur;rpidfis ifahs;tjw;F
murpay; mikg;G hPjpahd kWrPuikg;Gfs; fhzg;glhtpbd; vd;d epfOk; vd ePq;fs; epidf;fpwPh;fs;.
ngUksT epfof; rhj;jpakhdJ epfo ngUksT DK/ No

epfof;$baJ $baJ KbahJ epfoKbahJ NS Ans
wer
1. rh;tNjrr; r%fk;
,yq;ifapy;
KjyPLfisr;
nra;ahJ
2. ,yq;ifapd;
nghUshjhuk;
Kd;Ndw;wkilahJ
3. ,e;jpah
njhlh;e;Jk; ,yq;if
tptfhuq;fspy;
jiyaPLfis
Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
4. vy;.hP.hP.<. apdh;
my;yJ Gjpa MAjf;
FOf;fs; gaq;futhj
nraw;ghLfis
kPz;Lk; Muk;gpf;Fk;.
5. rkhjhdj;ij
epiyehl;Ltjw;fhd
jw;Nghija
re;jh;g;gk; vjph;fhy
jiyKiwapdUf;F
,of;fg;gLk;.
3. kWrPuikg;gpw;fhd epfo;r;rp
,t; xt;nthU kWrPuikg;Gfs; njhlh;gpYk; cq;fsJ fUj;ij mwpa tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. xt;nthU
tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpYk; ‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’> ‘Vw;wJ’> ‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $baJ’> ‘jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf;
$baJ’> ‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ’ vd;gijf; Fwpg;gplTk;.
‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’ – ehl;bd; cWjpg;ghl;bw;F kw;Wk; ey;ynjhU vjph;fhyj;jpw;F ,jid KOikahf

mKy;g;gLj;jy; Njit vd ePqf ; s; epidf;fpwPh;fs;.
‘Vw;wJ’ – ePq;fs; ‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’ vd epidf;ftpy;iy. MapDk; ,J ‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’

vd;gjw;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJld; ‘nraw;gLj;jp ghh;ff
; Ntz;Lk;’
‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $baJ’ - ,J ‘Vw;wJ’ vDksTf;F ey;;yJ my;y MdhYk; cq;fshy;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $baJ.
‘jhq;fpf;nfhs;sf; $baJ’ - ,J cq;fSf;F NjitahdJ my;y. MapDk; ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G>

cWjpg;ghL kw;Wk; kpfTk; ey;ynjhU vjph;fhyj;jpw;F jhq;fpf;nhfs;sf; $baJ.
‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ’ – ve;jnthU tplak; fhuzkhfNth xUNghJk; Vw;;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ.

ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; cWjpg;ghL Vw;gLtjw;F fhuzkha; mike;j NghjpYk; ehd; ,jid
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ.
,yq;ifapy; vjph;fhy rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; cWjpg;ghl;Lld; njhlh;Ggl;l gpd;tUk; kWrPuikg;Gj;

jpl;lq;fis jaTnra;J thrpf;fTk;. (SHOW CARD)
52
15. murf; fl;likg;G – xw;iw Ml;rpapd; fPo; kj;jpa muRf;Fk; kw;Wk; khfhzq;fSf;fpilNa
mjpfhuq;fs; gfpug;gLk;.
16. kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd; mjpfhuq;fs; - ,t; mjpfhuq;fs; njspthf ,U
gl;bay;fspy; tiutpyf;fzk; nra;ag;gLk;.
17. ghuhSkd;wk; - ,U rigfisf; nfhz;likAk;. Neubahf kf;fshy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l

gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l xU kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; rig kw;Wk; xt;nthU khfhzj;jpw;Fk; xNu
vz;zpf;ifapyhd khfhz rl;lthf;fg; gpujpepjpfs;.
18. murpayikg;gpid jpUj;jy; - khfhzfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;gpyhd jpUj;jq;fis

nfhz;LtUtjw;F xt;nthU khfhzq;fspdJk; ehlhSkd;w Nkyit cWg;gpdh;fspy;
ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; ,U rl;lrigfspdJk; ,izg;ghf %d;wpy; ,uz;L gFjpapdUf;F Nkyhf
rhh;ghf thf;fspf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fwpj;j rpy cWg;Giufspy; jpUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F;
kf;fsJ mDkjp mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G %yk; ngwg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
19. [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; - eilKiwapy; cs;s epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp KiwahdJ

jw;NghJ gjtpapy; ,Ug;gtUld; epiwT ngWtJld; Xh; gpujk ke;jphp ngUk;ghd;ikahd
gpujpepjpfspd; MjuTld; gjpyha; nt];l;kpdp];lh; Kiw mikAk;.
20. cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigapd; mjpfhuq;fs; - murpayikg;gpy; gpuj;jpNafkhf gl;bayplg;gl;l

Jizr; rl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigf;F mjpfhukspf;fg;gLk;.
21. nkhop chpik – jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fs nkhopfSf;F Njrpa kw;Wk; murfUk nkhopfshfTk;
ePjpkd;w nkhopfshfTk; ,lk;ngWtjw;fhd rk me;j];J toq;fg;gLk;. murfUk
NjitfSf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjj;jpy; Mq;fpyKk; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy;
fw;gpf;Fk; Clfkhf jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fsk; tpsq;Fk; Njitahd trjpfs; ,Ug;gpd;
Mq;fpyKk; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. cah;fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; rpq;fsk; jkpo; kw;Wk; Mq;fpyk;
gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
22. rka chpik – midj;J rkaq;fSf;Fkhd rkar; Rje;jpuk; cWjp nra;ag;gLtNjhL

ngsj;j kjj;jpw;F ‘Kf;fpa ,lk;’ toq;fg;gLk;.
23. mbg;gil chpik –midj;J gpui[fSf;Fkhd rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; midj;J egh;fSf;Fk;

rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapyhd ghJfhg;G cl;gl jdpg;gl;l chpikfSk; FO chpikfSk;
milahsq; fhzg;gLk;.
24. Njh;jy; Kiw – ehlhSkd;w gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk; khfhz rl;lthf;f cWg;gpdh;fs; Xh;
fyit Kiwapy; mike;j gjtp kw;Wk; tpfpjhrhu gpujpepjpj;Jtj;jpid Kjd;ikahf
nfhz;l Kiwapy; njhpe;njLf;fg;gLth;.
25. ePjpkd;wq;fs; - ePjpj;Jiw epiwNtw;Wj;JiwapypUe;J Rje;jpukhdJ. Nky; KiwaPl;L

ePjpkd;wk; khfhzq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gphpTfs; kw;Wk; khfhz cah; ePjpkd;wq;fSld;
nraw;gLk;.
26. mur Nritfs; - kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khfhzq;fSf;F NtWgl;l Nritfs; fhzg;gLtJld;
Fwpj;j gphpitr; Nrh;e;j mjpfhhpfs; ehL KOtjw;Fkhd Nrit toq;Fgth;fshf
tifg;gLj;jg;gLth;. fpuhkj;jpd;> gphptpd; kw;Wk; khtl;l kl;lj;jpyhd eph;thfk; midj;Jk;
khfhzq;fspd; fPo; nfhz;Ltug;gLk;. mur Nrit ve;jsTf;F eilKiwFhpajhf
,Uf;fpd;wNjh rdj;njhifapd; cs;slf;fj;ij gpujpgypg;gJld; mJ Rje;jpukhdJ.
27. gphpe;J nry;tjw;F vjpuhd ghJfhg;G – Xh; khfhzk; murpy; ,Ue;J gphpe;J nry;tjw;F
Kaw;rpf;ifapy; mjw;F vjpuhf Nghjpa ghJfhg;ig murpay; mikg;G toq;Fk;.
28. rl;lKk; xOq;Fk; - midj;J ,df;FOkq;fisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; rpNu\;l

mjpfhhpfisf; nfhz;ljhf ,yq;if nghyp]; Nrit mikAk;. kj;jpa murpd; fPo; rpy
mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;e;J itj;jpUf;fg;gLtJld; khfhzq;fSf;fhd rpy nghyp]; mjpfhuq;fs;
xg;gilf;fg;gLk;. kj;jpa muR Njrpag; ghJfhg;gpw;F nghWg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.
53
,t; xt;nthU kWrPuikg;G jpUj;jq;fs; njhlh;gpYk; cq;fsJ fUj;ij mwpa
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. xt;nthU tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpYk; ‘mj;jpahtrpakhdJ’> ‘Vw;wJ’>
‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $baJ’> ‘jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf; $baJ’> ‘Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ’ vd;W
Fwpg;gplTk;.
mj;jp Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nf DK/ No

ahtrp sf; $baJ nfhs;sf; hs;s NS Answe
akhd $baJ KbahJ
J r
1. murf; fl;likg;G
2. kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd;
mjpfhuq;fs
3. ghuhSkd;wk;
4. murpayikg;gpid jpUj;jy;
5. [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs;
6. cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigapd;
mjpfhuq;fs;
7. nkhop chpik
8. rka chpik
9. mbg;gil chpik
10. Njh;jy; Kiw
11. ePjpkd;wq;fs;
12. mur Nritfs;
13. gphpe;J nry;tjw;F vjpuhd ghJfhg;G
14. rl;lKk; xOq;Fk;
15. midj;J kWrPuikg;Gj; jpl;lq;fSk;
nghjpahf fUJk; NghJ
4k; gphpT
16 cq;fSf;F neUf;fkhd murpay; fl;rp ,q;F Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s murpay;

kWrPuikg;G nghjp xd;iw; Mjhpf;Fkhapd; mjid ePq;fs; Mjhpg;gPh;fsh?
1. Mk;
2. ,y;iy
17. gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fis ePq;fs; ve;jsTf;F Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwPh;fs; my;yJ kWf;fpwPh;fs;

vd;gijf; Fwpg;gplTk;: “[dehafj;jpy; rpf;fy;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; Vidatpjkhd murhq;fq;fspYk;
NkyhdJ.”
1. KOikahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwd;
2. Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpNwd;
3. Vw;Wf;nfhs;sNth kWf;fNth ,y;iy
4. kWf;fpNwd;
5. KOikahf kWf;fpNwd;
6. njhpahJÆepr;rakpy;iy
54
SECTION III: DEMOGRAPHICS
gFjp III: rKjha epiyg; Gs;sp tpguk;
1. ghy; : 1. Mz; 2. ngz;
2. rkak;
1. ngsj;jk; 4. Nwhkd; fj;Njhypf;fk;
2. ,e;Jrkak;; 5. fpwp];jtk; (NON -RC)
3. ,];yhk; 6. NtW …………………
2.1. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ rkak; gw;wpa cq;fspd; epiyg;ghl;il rpwg;ghf tpgupf;fpwJ?

1. mJ vdJ tho;f;ifapy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ
2. mJ vdJ tho;f;ifapy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ MdhYk; mJ vd;id
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjpy;iy
3. mJ vdJ tho;f;ifapy; xusT Kf;fpakhdJ
4. mJ vdJ tho;f;ifapy; mt;tsT Kf;fpakhdjpy;iy
5. mJ vdJ tho;f;ifapy rpwpjsNtDk; Kf;fpakw;wJ
3. taJ: .......................
4. ,dk;
1.rpq;fsk; 2. jkpo; 3. kiyafj; jkpoh; 4. K];ypk; 5. gwq;fpah; 6. NtW: ............
4.1. cq;fs; jdpg;gl mgpg;gpuhag;gb> cq;fisg;gw;wp rpe;jpj;jhy; cq;fSf;F ,t; ,df;FO

(NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ,dk;) vt;tsT J}uk; Kf;fpakhdJ? kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjh> Kf;fpakhdjh>
Kf;fpakhdNjh Kf;fpakw;wNjh ,y;iy> Kf;fpakw;wJ> kpfTk; Kf;fpakw;wJ vd;w uPja P py;
Fwpg;gpLf?
1. kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ
2. Kf;fpakhdJ
3. Kf;fpakhdNjh Kf;fpakw;wNjh ,y;iy>
4. Kf;fpakw;wJ>
5. kpfTk; Kf;fpakw;wJ
4.2. cq;fs; jdpg;gl mgpg;gpuhag;gb> cq;fisg;gw;wp rpe;jpj;jhy; ePqf

; s; ,yq;ifauha;
,Uj;jy; vt;tsT J}uk; Kf;fpakhdJ? kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjh> Kf;fpakhdjh>
Kf;fpakhdNjh Kf;fpakw;wNjh ,y;iy> Kf;fpakw;wJ> kpfTk; Kf;fpakw;wJ vd;w uPjPapy;
Fwpg;gpLf?
1. kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ
2. Kf;fpakhdJ
3. Kf;fpakhdNjh Kf;fpakw;wNjh ,y;iy>
4. Kf;fpakw;wJ>
5. kpfTk; Kf;fpakw;wJ
4.3. kw;iwa ,dq;fspd; cWg;gpdh;fSldhd re;jpg;G/njhlh;G vj;jid Kiw nghJthf

epfOk;?
1. ehs;NjhWk;
2. thuj;Jf;F xU Kiw
3. khjj;Jf;F xU Kiw
4. tUlj;Jf;F xU Kiw
55
5. mG+H;tkhf/xU ehSk; ,y;iy
6. njhpahJ epr;rakpy;iy
7. gjpy;,y;iy
5. Kjy; nkhop: 1. rpq;fsk; 2. jkpo; 3. Mq;fpyk; 4. NtW: ....................
6. gjpyspg;gthpd; njhopy; (xw;iwf; FwpaPL kl;Lk;)
01 epHthf> Kfhikj;Jt> 08. FLk;gj; jiytp

epiwNtw;W cj;jpNahfj;jh;
02. njhopy; rhh; Jiw 09. Xa;Tngw;wth;
03. njhopEl;gk; njhlHGila epGzH 10. th;j;jfk;
04. ypfpjH 11. Ranjhopy;
05. Rw;Wyh> cztfk;> ghJfhg;G 12. gapw;wg;glhj Copah;
Nrit> kw;Wk; th;j;jf Copah;
06. fkj;njhopy;> flw;nwhopy; 13. Ntiyapd;ik/ njhopyw;w
07. khztH 14. NtW
7. jaT nra;J cq;fs; fy;tpj; jifikfis (ePq;fs; vJtiu gbj;jpUf;fpwPh;fnsd;W)

nrhy;y KbAkh? (xw;iwf; FwpaPL kl;Lk;)
01. vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpahJ 08. cah; juk;

02. vOjg;gbf;fj; njhpAk; Mdhy; 09. tho;f;ifj; njhopy; gapw;rp;
Kiwahd fy;tp ,y;iy ngw;wth;
03. juk; 5 tiu 10. njhopy;El;gg; gapw;rp ngw;wth;
04. juk; 6-9 tiu 11. cah; njhopy; jifik
05. rhjhuz juk; tiu 12. gl;lg;gbg;G khzth;
06. rhjhuz juk; 13. gl;ljhhp my;yJ mjw;F Nky;
07. cah; juk; tiu
8. FLk;gj;jpd; nkhj;j khjhe;j tUkhdk;.
1. &. 5000 FiwT. 4. &. 15001-&. 20000

2. &. 5001-&. 10000. 5. &. 20001-&. 25000
3. &. 10001-&. 15000. 6. &. 25001 Tk; mjw;F Nky;
9. cq;fspd; nfhs;iffSld; $Ljyhf xj;Jg;Nghfpw nfhs;ifia nfhz;l murpay;fl;rp

vJ vdf; $wKbAkh? (xU tpil kl;Lk;)
1. SLFP - = yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp

2. UNP - If;fpa Njrpa fl;rp
3. JVP - kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp
4. JHU - [hjpf n`y cWka
5. TNA - jkpo; Njrpa $l;likg;G
6. SLMC - = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu];
7. EPDP - <o kf;fs; [dehaf fl;rp
8. UCPF - kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzp
9. NNF - Njrpa Rje;jpu Kd;dzp
10. NUA - Njrpa If;fpa Kd;dzp (National Unity Alliance)
11. NtW - ………………………………………………………..
56
10. jaT nra;J $Wq;fs;> vg;NghjhtJ.................
gjpy; gjpy;
ju ,y; njhpa
epfo;T tpUk;g Mk; iy hJ ,y;i
tpy;iy y
a. cq;fs; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; vtNuDk; 1 2 3 98 99
Aj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;;Ls;sduh?
b. cq;fs; ez;gh;fs; /mayth;fs; my;yJ
mth;fsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; Aj;jj;jpy; 1 2 3 98 99
<Lgl;L; s;sduh?
c. ePqf
; s;> cq;fs; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs;
vtNuDk;
Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf fhakile;J 1 2 3 98 99
kuzpj;;J>
fhzhky; Ngha; cs;shh;fsh?
d. cq;fs; ez;gh;fs; /mayth;fs; my;yJ
mth;fsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; vtNuDk;
Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf fhakile;J 1 2 3 98 99
kuzpj;;J>
fhzhky; Ngha; cs;shh;fsh?
e. Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf ePqf ; s; my;yJ
cq;fs;
FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs;vtUf;fhtJ 1 2 3 98 99
nrhj;Jf;fs;
Nrjk;> fhzp ,og;G Vw;gl;Ls;sjh?
f. Aj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf cq;fsJ
chpikfis 1 2 3 98 99
,oe;j my;yJ kl;Lg;gLj;;jg;gl;l mDgtk;
cs;sjh?
-ed;wp-
57

Aj JKK RKHJHDKK - KW WK RH T FL RPG Gpujpepjpj JTF Fotpd Mnyhridfs

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Aj JKK RKHJHDKK - KW WK RH T FL RPG Gpujpepjpj JTF Fotpd Mnyhridfs

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~Aj;jKk;> rkhjhdKk;| kw;Wk; rh;t fl;rpg;

gpujpepjpj;Jtf; FOtpd; MNyhridfs; 1

fyhepjp nfhypd; Vh;tpd;

• Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;dh; mjpfsT rpq;fsth;fspd; Mjuitg; g+h;thq;f rh;t fl;rpg; gpujpepjpj;Jtf;

• ,yq;if KOtJk; ngUk;ghd;ikapyhd jkpoh;fSk;> K];ypk;fSk; xw;iwahl;rpia

• ,e;jg; g+h;thq;f APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd MjuTf;fhf [dhjpgjp> murpay; kw;Wk; rkaj;

• nkhop kw;Wk; mbg;gil chpikfis rfy rdr%fq;fSk; gykhf Mjhpf;fpd;w NghjpYk;>

mgpg;gpuha thf;nfLg;G gw;wp ……………………………………. 3

rpq;fsth;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………………. 5

jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………………. 8

kiyafj; jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………… 11

K];ypk;fspd; gjpypWg;G ……………………………………. 14

; pUj;jj;jpw;fhd MjuT …………………………………….

tlf;F> fpof;Fj; jkpoh;fs; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; vQ;rpa

murpay; fl;rpapd; gjpypWg;G 21

~rka chpikfspd;| murpay; kPjhd NkYk; xU Fwpg;G 32

APRC MNyhridfSf;fhd KbTfspd; rhuhk;rk; 32

,yq;ifapy; APRC MNyhridfSf;F Mjuthdth;fs; my;yJ vjpuhdth;fs; 40

,yq;iff;F ntspNa Kd;Ndw;wfukhd rPh;jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd vjph;g;G 43

gpd;dpizg;G: Nfs;tpf;nfhj;J kw;Wk; Nkyjpfkhd KbTfs; 46

ntw;wpfukhd tl mah;yhe;J rkhjhd eilKiwapd; mq;fkhf rkhjhdk; Fwpj;j mgpg;gpuha

ml;ltiz 1. khjphpj; jpl;lk;

eLepiy [dhjpgjp rka murpay; nkhj;jk;

Aj;jj;ijj; njhlh;e;J ePbj;jpUf;fpd;w murpay; ];jpuj;jd;ikf;Fk;> mjpfhpj;j nghUshjhu

rjtPjk; Mk; ,y;iy njhpahJ

mr; rkaj;jpy; vd;WNk ,y;yhjthW kf;fspd; ed;kjpg;gpid [dhjpgjp mDgtpj;jhh; vd 2009

2009 ngg;uthpapy; APRC MNyhridfspd; rhuk;rnkhd;W> MNyhridfs; epytpathW ml;ltiz

ml;ltiz 3. 2009 ngg;uthpapy; mit epytpathW rhuhk;r mikg;gpy; APRC MNyhridfs;

1. murf; fl;likg;G – xw;iw Ml;rpapd; fPo; kj;jpa muRf;Fk; kw;Wk; khfhzq;fSf;fpilNa

2. kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khfhzq;fspd; mjpfhuq;fs; - ,t; mjpfhuq;fs; njspthf ,U

3. ghuhSkd;wk; - ,U rigfisf; nfhz;likAk;. Neubahf kf;fshy; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gl;l

4. murpayikg;gpid jpUj;jy; - khfhzfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; njhlh;gpyhd jpUj;jq;fis

5. [dhjpgjpapd; mjpfhuq;fs; - eilKiwapy; cs;s epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp KiwahdJ

6. cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurigapd; mjpfhuq;fs; - murpayikg;gpy; gpuj;jpNafkhf gl;bayplg;gl;l

8. rka chpik – midj;J rkaq;fSf;Fkhd rkar; Rje;jpuk; cWjp nra;ag;gLtNjhL ngsj;j

9. mbg;gil chpik –midj;J gpui[fSf;Fkhd rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; midj;J egh;fSf;Fk;

11. ePjpkd;wq;fs; - ePjpj;Jiw epiwNtw;Wj;JiwapypUe;J Rje;jpukhdJ. Nky; KiwaPl;L

14. rl;lKk; xOq;Fk; - midj;J ,df;FOkq;fisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; rpNu\;l

ml;ltizfs; 4,Yk;> 5,Yk; fhzg;gLfpd;w Kf;fpakhd rjtPjq;fs; ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ| vd;w

rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

ml;ltiz 5. APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fsth;fspd; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2009)

rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

ml;ltiz 6. APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fs Kd;Dhpikfs; (khh;r; 2010)

rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ|

ml;ltiz 7 APRC MNyhridfSf;F rpq;fs Kd;Dhpikfs; (khh;r; 2009)

rpq;fsth;fspd; rjtPjk; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ Vw;wJ|

ed;ikiag; nghWj;jstpy;> ,it rpq;fsth;fSf;fhf ml;ltizfs; 6,Yk;> 7,Yk;

jkpo; rdr%fj;jpd; KbTfs; ml;ltizfs; 11,Yk;> 12,Yk;> mth;fs; ~mj;jpahtrpakhdJ my;yJ

NkYk;> ml;ltiz 11,Yk;> 12,Yk; Nehf;Ftjw;fhd Kf;fpa rjtPjq;fs;> ~Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ|

mNdkhf> Nfs;tp Nfl;l tpjj;jpy; gjpy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sjh? rhuhk;rj;jpyhd MNyhridfspy; rfy

APRC MNyhridfspd; ed;ikfs; njhlh;gpy;> jkpoh;fSf;F cr;repiyapyhd tplaq;fshf 2009,y;

2009,y;> tl khfhzj;jpy; ,e;j Muha;r;rpiag; nghWg;Ngw;gJ rhj;jpakhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;>

mj;jpaht Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfh jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

ml;ltiz 12. APRC MNyhridfSf;F jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G (2009)

mj;jpaht Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfh jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

ml;ltiz 14. APRC MNyhridfSf;F jkpoh; Kd;Dhpikfs; (2009)

kiyafj; jkpoh;fspd; gjpypWg;G

jkpohpd; kdf;FiwfspypUe;J vOfpd;w Nkhjnyhd;whf mz;ika Aj;jk; nghpJNk Nehf;fg;gl;Ls;s

ml;ltiz 16. APRC MNyhridfSf;F kiyafj; jkpohpd; gjpypWg;G (khh;r; 2010)

kiyafj; jkpohpd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

kiyafj; jkpohpd; rjtPjk; mj;jpahtrpa Vw;wJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; jhq;fpf; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s njhpahJ

ml;ltiz 18. APRC MNyhridfSf;F kiyafj; jkpohpd Kd;Dhpikfs (2010)