Speech Physiology

Phonetics
Contents
a Vocal organs
a Three processes of speech production
a Initiation
a Phonation
a Articulation

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Initiation
a To make sounds air is necessary
a Initiation is the process of creating air
stream
a Three ways of initiation
a Pulmonic airstream mechanism: Lung
a Glottalic airstream mechanism: Glottis
a Velaric airstream mechanism: velum

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Phonation
a To produce speech sounds, air stream
should be distorted in one way or
another
a Phonation is a process of changing air
stream
a Phonation is mainly achieved at larynx

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Larynx
a The upper portion of the windpipe
which produces speech
a Major components
a Vocal cords
a Glottis
a epiglottis
a Three cartilages
a Thyroid, Arytenoid, Cricoid

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Larynx ï midsagittal view

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Larynx ï lateral view

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Larynx ï posterior view

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Vocal cords

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Articulation
a A variety of speech sounds can be
produced in terms of another way of
air stream change ï Articulation
a Articulation is done mainly somewhere
at vocal tract

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Vocal Tract
a The air passage above the larynx
a Its composed of
a Pharynx
a Oral Tract
a Nasal Tract
a Velic closure
a Active raising of velum preventing air
from going out through the nose

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a

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Articulators
a An specific part of the vocal apparatus
involved in the production of a speech
sound
a Active articulators
a Movable parts of the vocal apparatus
a Eg) lips, tongue, lower jaw, velum

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Articulator (Tongue)

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