Sagaert Lucien - Το κόστος της άγνοιας για καπνιστές

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Dr Lucien L.C. SAGAERT

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"0 xanv6~ xatoaioeoxc TO oouo, nAr}rTE:~ tnv Evrpvi"a, anOXrTIVWVn Eva EtJVO~." A VT1j T} tpoaon rov OVO(}E VTE MnaA~6:x itaiovei ueoa oto xEi/1EVO ua; OAT} TT} onuooia TT}£' . .dE tJan(!Enn va iT} OX-EepTEi 0 xonvurtir; tbate vc na(}Et ta /1T}VVuata nOVnE(}~Exn; n(}EnE~ va Buuiooinu: on av nalLoTf(}a, YLa yovaro xca Evxa(}iarT}OT}, ME ayaJrT} xa: rEAfrOVQytxa, xanvL~avninf~, novpa xaL f-lEQtX£r; epOQEr; rotyaQa O~JrarEQaOEf; xai oi nanovOEt; uos; xatti stootiunon ueta TO fJ(}ab~v6 qavmo xai xVQiWf; tu; KVQtaXfr;, or1/1fQa xanVa;OV/-1E aAAa nQaY/laTa xai tu: OtaepoQfnxa rQono. To rot ya(}o Eyt v£ f3aaiA~ooa, vnoox£AiCovrar; to novQa xoi tu; niste«, aAAa uia {3aaiAtaaa nov DEV TT} ofj30/1aOT£ reta, ytari to 1991 DfV SE(}ov,lfnLa va xanva;ovMf, aAAa "umvouaau:" xaJrviCovTar; TO Eva rat yaQo niao: ana to aAAo, OX~ vurti /1ar; aQEon, aAAa neoioooieoo yta va xavoinu: a, ti xaVft aAo~ 0 xoouoc; ana ovvrjtJEta, ana "aVO/1JrLOMa", YLa va nOAfl1iJon ra aYXT}, ta OVf-lJr:AEYf.laTa xai tu; epo{3i£r; tov ... Eow f')d5T}AwvETat T} METAt10IHrov JIAPA.dElrMATOI onox; to iYQwjJ£ 0 LiQ JILiQ A.ovl PE/1. Eo w x a t nOAA 6 XQa v La 'ljOT/ 0 x anvar; iXfL yi VEL TO '" Osti 0 rT}r; A vent;". JIQaY/1anXn XOLVWVLUn uactiva, aVT1j 1] rO~Lxol1avia eivai T} uovn nov eivai aVExrn ana in Livnxn iuu; xOLvwvia, bLon to XOLVO iatotuia TTJ ao{3cxQaTTJra, na(}a nr;noAv6QL8/1fr; JrQOELOOnoLiJoar; TOV LarQLxov xa0/10V ana roy tiiito, ro oaouxporvo xai TT}V TTJA eooa 01J. Ar; l.3vI1TJ80vf-lf, YLa naQ6b£LY/1C1, TT}V astOAoYT} xai .Jrftanx'lj OLaAfSTJ tov Ka8TJY1Jrn Mw(}ir; TV/1JtLav6 YLa TO avuxeiusvo avro, xaT£l TT/V ff.lep£lvLoiJ TOV OTT/ /UXQrJ o fJo VT/. Kanvicoinu: AOLJrOV }tOAV xeouxiot». go ano £lAAEr; cpOQEr;, oJtw£, iuu; oEixvovv oi ototiotixe; nov eivai LOLairEQa fVyAwrrfr;. flQaY/lanxa, TJ EQfvva 'frJr; fsEALsTJr; TTJr; xarav£lAwoT}~ TOLy6(!wv xara EcpTJf30 xai xar£l XQavo orrJ FaAAia, ana to 1938 f-lEXQL TO 1981, ofiXVfL OVO OtacpoQELtXa ipacvousvo: xar£lJrgwro eva 110IOITO IYNEXOYI ANEPXOMENHI A YEHIHI yta tnvxeotooo avoueoa oro 1938 xai 1977f.lE /-1La aVsrJorJ in; ras1]r; tou 257% xoi /1£r6 iua nQaYf-lanx1j ITAeEPOnOIH2H avr'ljr; T1Jt; xaravaAwor}q; ana to 1977 MEXQL TO 1981, nov xiiuoi Vfrat yvgw ora 2000 rOLy£lQa. Avavra ta tessvtaia anotiscouat« qxxivovtai £v8aQQvvnxa, /1aQrvQovv oxoua eva V1jJrJAO '''OQLO'' (nivaxai; vo 1). To xoato; yvwQif;£L xaA£l ronQo{3ArJf.la avro, aAAa eveove! <5Qaar'ljQLanQoanafJwvrat; va otauamoei avrf} TT}V xaAnal;ovoa rostxo/lavia; EtALXf?Lva <5Ev to CPCXVTa~aflaOr£. XWQir; af.lept{3oAla, vn1jQX£ ro ouitayua tou 1976 nov vnoYQaepiT}X£ aito ro IL/10V Bii?. YLa TOV ay())va /tara rT}r; XQavLar; oTJAT}r1](}iaoTJr; ana TOV xanvo, aAA£l to onoio otnv itocvuatixotm« DEV anifjAEn£ xVQiwr;, noo« orov nE(!LO(!LOlla r1]q; oLacpf}fUOT}r; TOV xaJrvov, taote va f.lfLw8Ei TO EAAfLf..lf..la rrJ£' Koivorvixti; A acpaALOTJr;. llOAV bHAf} JrQoona8fLa, ono»; titav xai T} xaunavux nAT/QocpO{}rJorJr; nov eytV£ Of oyoXeia <5fixvovrar; tnv aQvT/nx'lj oQ£l01] TOV xanvov orov avfJewnLvo o.Qyavt-

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ElY! EUVOA.~XE£ KU1UVUA.{JJOy! n WA. no £~e; KCUaVclA<DOT] ovc
]tWA n oe«; avo £vi]A~xa tot y6.(!WV Evi]A~xa
(-COVVOL) (1) (YQa~~.) QLa f1,Ov6.6E<; (os -coLyo.Qa)
1938 50 100 1 595 18200 579
1947 49950 1 570 24300 764
1957 64000 1 927 44600 1 343
1967 75054 2023 58000 1 563
1972 82678 2 129 69600 1 792
1977 94557 2331 83900 2068
1978 92490 2258 82500 2014
1979 95307 2292 85700 2061
1980 95 143 2307 85700 2078
1981 94591 2282 85400 2060 '" SEITAI982 8

O{lO( 1). Avay)faiE~ evioveu«, XW(}{~ xouia o{lqn(JoAia, aAAa nooo aVEJrO(})fEiC;. dEV EJr(JEJrE va ovyx(}ovorovv ME rov~ LOXV(!OV~ oixovouixois; OQyavL0f_101Js nov ~ovv cuui roy XOJrVO, orcv oi aitsoi nOAl tee nEf)aL va v, orcv 01, :JCQdnoL Exovav xeoiovoi»; EVW at bEVrt{JOL ytv6vrovaav qnwXOrE(}Ot xavovra~ ravroXQova tnv uvei« rov~ xa: ovxva xo: tn ~w'tj toix; ea ustoooioav va iuu; anavr'tjaovv xara nodnov on 17 XOAALEQYEta avrov tov qJvrov r17~ oixovtvtuu; roiv ar~)lJxvwc5ciJv, nov uetti vivetai xanvoc; "xoravaAwo17~", xovn va 'ovv nOAVCt(!tf){lEq, OLXOYEVHEC; (100.000 atoua ana ta onoia 20.000 XOAAtEQY'fJrit;). Nat, aAAa torE vuxii bE !lErar(!EnOVV avtrj tnv EJrt''tjl1ta YLa EVa/.lEyaAo Optf)!lo otoiuov (3tO{l'fJxavia, Of uia aAA17 XQ'tjOL{l17 OE GAOVC;, capo» xaro rov MaprEv E(3a(!rc; (69) ta qJvAAa r17~ VLXOUC1Vt]C;:JCEQtEXOVV Eva VAtXO tOOO fJgE'JrUXO 000 TO YOAO; H (3aoLlct] vveia r17C; JrAH01/Jrycpiac; iu»; DE eo WqJEAovvrav ana ovrrj tr) qJ(}OVt/lTJ AVOr}; EntXaAOV{laOtE aoxeta ouxvd orr} ouvixeux, roy XOt VWVlXO QOAo rov tot yCtQov otu; avf)QWJflVEC; 0XEOElC;. E;Era~ovrac; ra, to en/,XElQt]{lara aura uupavicovuu nOAV EAaqJ(!O XO/, oav XOXEC; auie; JC:OU :JIpo[3dAAOVrat yta va XOAV1jJOVV to nQoyp.auxo Jr(}O(3A'fJI1Q nov tuleta: ana m uavia r011 xanviouaxo; orr} raAAla. (a. t.u. vouiis» on nQEnH va Jra(!aA17qJeEi). An6 tnv onuxr] nAEV(}a r011 aywva xara rwv f3Aaf3£(!WV (1JfOrEAEOf.LarWV tOV xaJrvov, CTXecpriJxa{lf va CPEQOVflE tnv ovveuxpooa ua; otnv vvoxm twv na8oAoyt,U.vv anotcscouatcov tou xanvov eiti rryc; uveu»; xa8dx; XOL one; eEQOnEieC;nov OXOAOVf)OVV. FLa to AOyO auto ovaA6.{3a/-LE /.1La EJUOT17l1ovLxrj f.LEAErTJ exi to» 8E/-LarOC; aUt011, !lEAEtry nov ea £Jr(!EnE va n(}OXaAEOEL Eva (3E(3aLo Ev(j/,acpEQov ora eninEoa r17~ toevvos; XOt JtA17QOqJO(!TJOTJ~. Avto eivca 1:0 avtixeiuevo 1:0V (3L{3Alov.

(1) 'EJ1:QffiE vc lVT)cpwrd EVUt; vouo; OTT) cpBwolTWQt vi) ouvooo TT)e;; EBvLXi):; LUVEAE1JOT):; eveCPEQOp.EVOS; 0UOLXo. OTT] OWCjYl'U1WT];

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To. IlETQU UUTa OUVOOEUOVTUt alto aAAE£ CllTocpaOHt; onw£ T) aUsT)OT) TT)e;; np,i)s lOU xcnvou, T) 1tQouraotu TWV IlT) 'KurrV~(J1:wv 01:0U; OT]llaOLOU; XWQOU;, xuHwt; xm P.W EVb- 0XUOT] nov flQOAT)nU'KWV £VEQYEtWV. OUQallma Il,ETQa Ai)cpHT)xUV nou UCPOQOUV cn:o aA.xo~ 611.. Ta IlETQU aura Sa dvat XWQle;; allCPt00ALU ffiWCP£Ai) UTOlTEOioTT)S 0111l00Wr; uydur;, av ECPUQIl0(JWUV IlE mU8€gaTT]TCl xm XWQLe;; "nuQExxALm:tr;". 0EUXa UJWTEAEO!J..UTU lTQEnEt v« cvcusvovtot .lluxQorrQa8w.!lu, ucpmJ ELVUt UA.i)8EW on eu 1tQElTEt lTgWTU VU EJTLTE- 80UJlE otu; VOOTQOJtLES ytU va w; UAA.OS01J;l.J.E rrQLvrraQOllllE TETOW; arrocpouELe;;.

(2) tVT)cptOTT)XE EVU; OUJl0LBuo.p.6C; CJXE1txallE TOV xcrrvoxci to UAXOOA. LE o,u ClcpoQa OTOV xcnvo, BCl. ClJtayOQE'UETUl T) ap.wTl 'KaL T) E!J.IlWT] b~acpi)!..H(Ji) TOll. 0a EsucpaVW1EL £JttOl]; uno TU OLQXOU'C UUTOXWi)TOU, uno to m,6.[nu XUL to YUllvu<ni)QLu.,. acpou (~E Sa EJTtTQEJtE- 1m XUIlLU UVUDOXi) (xoQT)yLa. TEA. 0:; , Sa acpmQESouv uno TOV Hp..CtQL81l0 a.JtG illS lcvoucotou 1992. H vOIJ.,OSWLa UUTi) Ba LOX1!OEL cno I T)t; lovoucptou 1993 (EfpaQlloyi) TOU VGJlO1J 18/12/1990).

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KAIINOr KAI HAfJOAOrIKE:£ LiIATAPAXEE OILiHMATIKE:£ KAI MH OIAHMATIKE:£'

- 0 xanv6~ eivai to ovuxeiuevo aVr01J tOV Jr(!WTOV flipov~: urtooia, aAAa enicm; XUAAI,EQyetO, avyxOfJ,LOr1, EnE!;EQyaoia.

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TtAor;, to t{300/l0 !1t{!Or; rEAELWVEL f.1E ta (JVIJ1CEqtl(JpaTa xat pta IOBAPH BIBAIOrPA4'>JA QAACt nov evvoettai ot: DEV E!;avTAEi to 8t{.1a. Mia "ANA2KonH~H" TWV flINAKQN xai EIKONQN rEAELWVEL trtv EQyaaia avtrj.

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* Botoxa xnvElt; trrv OVOIlUOtCt CtllTll Of c)UO Ct.Q6QCt rrot: Oll,lOOLEuf-)llxav TO EWX OTO AE~LX6 tau

Rober Estienne, 010 onOLO OllVEQyCt.Ol:llX£ xrn 0 Zav NLXot xat TO 6.AAO 0TO A£~Lx6 Tllt;

fUAAlXitt; YAwaO(lt; tOU l606.

12

K anvunu;

TO <l>YTO

BOTANOAorlA

AQXLXa cute to avHEXtLXO outo 1TjC; OUCOYEVELOC; rurv 01QUXVW<)WV SOlJOE Of: aY!;!LU X01a01UOTj 010 SE010 ~EQTj 1TjC; KEV1QLxi]e; X at, Notiox A flEQLKrlC;· Arto ne; 0QXEC; lOU 160u OLU)VU, YLV010V YEVLXi] XQi]OTj lOU xcnvo» ana laue; IVOLOVOVC; XUL 01Tj OUVEXELU Tj XOAALEQYELO XUL Tj XQiJon rou uvun1'lJxHTjXE ALYO nOAv ot ~All l11V EUQwrrll xaL Of2 OAO 10 ~EQll lOU XOOflOU. YrrclQXEL OE ,~EyaAo OQd1~0 TIOLXLALWV, lYle; tcl~nc; lWV 60 i] 100, AOYUQLasoVUlC; xo\, lCI lJ~QL(Ha lOU rrou (~llflLOUQyi]Hllxov lEXVTJ16 uno 10V clvBgQ)J[o.

LUI L~:UOYl, ° xcnvo; xotctcooenu OTTjV oucoc HuV ET'nO\,wV q)'tHWV EXOVLCIC; Elu: oYQonxo tvOtacpEQov - 6rrwc; n nctcto, n vrounrn, 11 ,~EAtltavo, 10 ntTIEQL - tLn:

Xnrr.EUUXo. DnAobi] bLOxoo~.tT]nxo oJtwC; T] netouvic ( peruner OnfloLvEL xanvlt,w)..

o {)01:0VOAOY0C; Goodspeed unObtClLQEOE (1945 - 1953 ) 10 YEVOC; NLXOUOVn OE lQLo lmO-YEVTj Baott,6!lEVOC; OE XQL1;i]QLU XU110- QOYEVHLXa. xci uo QCPOAOY Lxa. AU1Cr. ELVOL ta Nicotiene tebecutn, Nicotiene rustics Hat Nicotiana petunoid. To 90% nEQLTIOV 1WV xoAALEQyo1J!J.Evwv xunvrov 010V xocuo nQoEQxovla\, ono TT] Nicotiana tabacum (10 CPUto nou avacpEQE 0 KOA0W10C;) xa\, 10 UnOAOLJW 10% cno 1T]V Nicotiana rustica,

To q)'tJTcl 10U YEVOUC; Nicotiana "Tabacum" (flEyaAo talDt6.xo) ELvaL emote 01Ct xALflCt1a flOC;. ELV(U cpula us u'\jJoC; 2 !J., flE CPUAAO EnuAA TJAU, EAAELntLXo., 0flLoxa, nov CP10VOUV OE flaxQoe; ro 70 EX. XUt nAa- 10C; 10 40 (43). 0 O. Comes XUL ogyon:Qo o E. Anastasia tu ,flEA£1TjOaV Kat rc nEQLEYQo~Jav IlE~aOTJ 10Ue; flOQ<POAOYtXOU~ 10lJ~

xoga}{,"(;i]Qt~: CPUAAO, clvHT], p.€yd)oe;. 0 Comes Ta xututucoet OE Est ELOT]: N. tructicose. N. luncitotie, N. brasiliensis, N. havanensis, N. macrophylla ... 0 Anastasia XU10'LaOOEL rnv N. Inncitotis o rnv N. virginia XCIL EVWVEt 'LTJ N. Iructicoss XOL 1nV N. macrophyla OE !J.LO flOVaOO: N. purpurea 'xat t)EWQEL XOQaX'LllQL01LXa 1EOOEgO flOVO dOll: (30)

Havanensis (AflEQLKi], AVatOAi]) Brasiliensis (Bl,?Ot,LAlu oAAa XUL nOAAEe; yOAALxtc; nOLxLALEC;)

Virginia (NA HnA: BLQ"t~LVLO,

KEv1axxu)

Purpurea (Aro» AV010Ai]) (58)

To 6.vt)T} l11C; N. tabacum nOLxLAoUV eoro 6.onga J.lEXQL JtoQcpuga. To UJ[O~YEVOe; Rustics (flLXQOC; xunvoc) ElvUL Eva CPU10 aV8EX1LXO, oAAa f.1ELQLOC; nOL0111tW;. nOA 1J JUO J.lLXQO cno 10 nQOTjY01JIlEVO, TO <pUAAO ELvCtL oB6A, !J.oAaxa XCIt IlEIlLoxo (43), 10 6v8n EtVOL XLtQLVO TIQOOLvwna. Auto TO qnrro ELvOL d::lUYEVEe; lOU Ilspou xru t11C; Notter; Afl€QLXne;, OAA6. EXEL IlEl0CPU1EU1EL oi]p,E.Qo o mv AVCltOADtn EUQwn!l .. YnaQXouv 9 KOAALEQYOUflEva dbn ytO nCtQCtywYn xnnvou, Hbtx6. EXeLvO nOtl xat)oQL~no.L ue to OVO!J.Cl "Mnroopxc", To nAo'OOtO J"tEQLEXOIl£v6 tOU OE VlX01Lv11 10 xaVEL nLO EVbLOCPEQOV yw Ul cpoQfl,aXOAOyLa (58).

OL Nicotiene petunoides, nAOUOtEC; OE dbTj, 0XL ALy01Ego. ono 45, flE p,Ey6.An Xgwp,oOwflCHtKn nOLKLALu, nrcv Lt)UYEVeLC; rou N01t01J H!J.\,OCPULQLOV: AflEQ\,xilt;, Au01guALae;, N110ubv ELQTjVLXOU. ~EV nOQOlJOL6.t,01JV flEyaAo EVbtOCPEQOV 010 {)WflllXCiVLXO EnLnEOo, oAAanog'oAo curo Eva ELooC; XQTjoq.tonoL8Ltat ot11V Il 8QOLo.. EL VOL 11 nOLXLALa N. a/ata persics rtou XQT}OtlJ,OnOLEl10L YLa 111V xcnooXEUn xurtvou

11

Kcatvioto;

1'ta VaQytAE. MEQLXo. [L6Tl xaAALEQ1'OUVlat oov ()taXOO!-lTj1tXU cpulu(50).

To XUQLO aAXUAOEL()Ee; rtou nEQtExnaL ala cpl'AAa lWV 6tCHPOQWV EL()WV xcrtvou ElVaL Tl NLX01LVll non etvrn nOAD 10stXll. To nooooro VLXOtLVT]e; nOLXLAA€L uno 10 Eva CPU10 010 o.AAO, aAAa [TILOlle; xaL 010 t()W ({)ul0, aVo.A01'a !lE 10 invoe; lWV epUAAWV:

Pl~Ee; 0.4 - 0.6%

BAaol0e; ( xan1 !lEOO ooo ) 0.7% «>uAAa 1'lle;, aUQ t~ u !lE 10 E()acpOe; 2 % <l>UA.Aa !lEOlle; 2.5 %

<l>uAAa xOQeplle; cno 3 !lEXQL 4%.

Eret lOU i,6LOU CPDAAOU Eni,ol1e; 10 TIEQLEX0!lEVO OE vtxottvn TIOLXLAAEL uno tn ~UOll TIQoe; l11V xOQepi}, cno 10 VEDQO TIQoe; ne; ax Q Ee;. E vae; xaTIVOe; xaAA tE Q1'ou !lEVOe; 0111V JtEQLoXlll0U A 01: !-1JC0QEl va nEQLEXEL !lEXQL 8% VLX01LVll (0 Nijerck.)

KAAAIEPrEIA

Ll11 faAALa one; l1!lEQE<; !lae; XCIAA.LEQYELret evtrrnxn ° xunvo; 0111 Cl>Aav6Qu, 10 AQ10UU, OtT] BQ£lUVll, !-1E EnLXQa111011 EV tOU10Le; 0111v Axonttc, 0111 <l>Qav<; - K0!-11E xrn ore Nouooimx«. H yaAALxll naQayw- 1'11 xcnvou O£ epuAAa EeplaoE 10U<; 49.000 tovvou; to 1980. KUtEXH £nloll<; tnv 2011 8EOll ornv nayx60!ltCl nUQu1'wYll. Oi <lAAOL nClQa1'w1'oL etvm us xcttono« OELQu: OL Hfl A xa-CEXouv tT]V nQtinll BEall !lE 800.000 tovou; xaL !lEtU EQXOvtaL 11 KL vo, 11 IV()La, 11 BQa~LAla, 11 ELL~ ... (nlvaxac; No.2). H nU1'xOO!lLa naga1'w1'i) EcptaoE 5.2 EXal0!l!luQLa 10VOU<; to 1980.

o xcnvo; !-1JCoQEL v« !lE1'aAWoEL OE onoio()llnotE E6acpo<;, aAAu ngOtL!-1a XW!-1a a!lllcOOE<;, aEQL~O!-1EVO xru EAaCPQa u1'g6. To. a~wtOUxa xut cpwoepatouxa ALnUO!lata bLEUXOAUVOUV l11V avunlusll ron: VLtQLXO

14

xaALO, unEQcpwoepOQouXo (72). To xUJ.LO XaVEl rHO xaJ.t1 'tl1V xaU(Jl1 'tOU X(l1tVOU (106) [VOl 'to XAroQlo 'tl1V 1[[QlOQi.~[l. Y naQX£L AOLnOV!lLa oU1'X£XQL!lEVTl OQaoll lWV ALnuolla'twv OtT]V rt otot ntn 101) xcnvou. fLU nUQa6EL1'!-1a, tn xorrtnvd xcnv«, xcnvn 1'ta nouQu i] XOJtva LlJnOU MnUQAE'L, anUt rouv EoaepTl IlE 0XELLXa OTllluvnxi] ALnuvoll IlE U~wtouXUAtnaOIlUto ( 1 OO!lE 300 XLAU U~WtO av« EXtUQLO ). To nEQLEx61lEVO rou; Of VLXOtLVll EI,VUL £-:6w 011IlaVLLXO. AV1L8ETa, TU xanvo: 1(01) E10L!lU~OVlaL OE oWAi]va (rurtou BLQt~I,VLa ) !lE XltQLVO XQWIlU bLaTllQOUV U'4'l1AO JtEQLEX61lEVO ~o:xaQTJe;, EXOUV IlVXQO rrooo- 01:0 a~WTou xrn bEV nQEnn va ALnaLvovrru IlE JtEQLOOOTEQU uno 40 XLAU a~wl0uXOU ALnUO!lato<; nvu f}U:;aQLO. I'evixc, cnooaxvustrn on, oUO 1[LO 1[01.11 aUSaV[~ 'tal lJ rto(Jo't'l'ta a~Ol'tOUX(r)V Al1[(laJul'tOlv, 'to(Jo 1tLO (Jt]p.1av'tlxo yiVE't(U 'to 1[oooo'to 't11~ vlxO'ti.vl1~ j'tou j'tEQl£XE't(ll (J'to qJU'to.

o xurrvoc dvaL Eva qnrro EUaLOel)tO nou anaL tEL UXQL~EL<; Eg1'aoLE<; xaL ouvEXi) EJtLti]Qll0ll (87). OL orropot ELVaL AEnToL, vEepg6!l0QcpOL, IlLXgOI, xaL nOA UUQL8!l0 L (10.000 EW<; 130.000 ortooot OtO YQall!lO:gLO, bl)Aa6i] 1:0 BaQoe; lOU onogou elvm nrto 0.1 Ewe; 0.007 !lLXQOYQallllo:gLa), JtQUY!lU nou El;l1YEL lTj AEn161TjTU 1:0Ue; XUL TO on bEV tXOUV ROAAE<; 8QEnnXEe; OUOLE<;. H onoQO: y( VE1:UL EL te 01:0 E6ucpoe; £L te OE cpUTWQLa DE nooorntc 160 IlLxQoyga!l(lO:QLWV ortopou uvo tETQU1'WVLXO IlE1:Qo (1.600 EWe; 23.000 epU1:U avu tHgaywvLx6 (lE1:QO) (49) tnv l1(lEga TOU Avtou Iwoi)ep, 19 MUQ"ClOU, !lEQtXEe; epogE<; ALyo nLO aQ1'o.. To CPUTO !lEtUepUtEUETUL 40 IlE 70 (lEQE<; !l€1:U "Cll ~AO:OTll0n xru 'to UQ1'OtEQO tu 'tEAl) MU-LOU, ELTE (lE to XEQL EL1:E Il£ (ll1xavi) IX£-:

QUell6 10.000 EW<; 40.000 aXEgUtU ep1)1<l 010 Ex"CagLO (150.000 OA,OXAl)Qa epu-c{! yw ro xnnvn 1l)<; AVa1:0Ai]e;). H nuxvotnto nutn "COl' epUtE(laToe; bLaepEQfL nOAu, nvn-

K oitvurtic

nINAKAI: No 2

KYPIOI nAPArQrOI XQPEl; <l>YAAQN KAllNOY fEQ-rPA<I>IKH KATANOMH

(uQ1.9p.oi (f[ XtAt(ib[~ 'tovvov;)

1972* 1980**
XWQu TIuQuywyit L:EtQa naQClywyit LELQa
HTIA 786.2 1 808 1
Ktvo 771. t 2 797 2
IvoLa 409.2 3 400 3
BQUSLALU 191.0 5 338 4
EL:L:l1 234.0 4 285 5
Touoxtc 175.5 6 266 6
BouAyugta' 128.0 9 155 7
IMwvLa 142.1 8 148 8
None KOQECl 93.9 10 140 9
l1:aALu 82.0 15 L26 10
Kavaoae; 87.9 11 113 11
EkAaba 84.3 13 113 1 1
llOAWVtU 85.0 12 85 13
Ivoovnoto 83.0 14 82 14
<l>LALJtJt L VEe; 76 15
Iloxurtcv 151.4 7 75 16
A QyevtLVn 73.5 16 63 17
Me~Lx6 63 17
r~ouyxooAaBLu 69.5 17 63 17
faA-ALa ~ 50.0 18 49 20
KOAovf3La 41 21 * 0J(wt; xa6oQL01:rptaV anOIO Ynouoveto nWQytas terv HnA ** Anoto IZARD et CHOUTEAU

15

KanVtOTE;:

AOYO ~£ 10 £L()T] (50):

7 ~£ 9.000 OAOXATlQO CPUta avo. £XtUQLO YLa 10 xonv<i "£nE;;EQyao~Eva 01T] cpwtLa" lOU Kevtcxu, I O~£ 14.000 ClXEQOLO CPUta ovo EXlaQLO YLO 1(1 ~ovQa ()UV010 X Ctnvo. ,

30~E 40.000 aXE~)uLCl cpura Clva EKIUQLO yLCl 1a~avQa EAocpQa xanva

80~E 150.000 OXEQOLO cp1.yca avo. EX1UQLO YLO oQLa~tva xanvu TT]t; AVCltOAnt;.

H ClYQOVO~LXi] EQEuvo £nt1Q£'t~E v' crroXTnOOU~E ruo OT]~ClVtLX6. ELo'll, nou uvtsXOUV rtEQL0001EQO 01Lt; aa8tVELEt; lWV CPU1<DV (arto Ut; onote ; OL m.o YVWOTtC; ELVClL T]. ~OlJXAU XOL 10 ~WOo'C}{O lOU XClnvov nou rtgoxaAELtut cno LO 'KaL nou uvm ngoYllouXOC; xogxLvot; lWV cpUHDV) KaL rtou ErtLOT]t; EXOUV ALY01EQT] vtxortvn XOL moose, ono»; 10 OELXVEL 11 xalUla;;n ~ut; ttov OLacpOgWV ~aQxwv tOLYUQWV rtou rtOUALOUV10L om rOAALU (nLvuxot; No 3 ). Eva }(AL~a~E 8EQ~oxQaoLa ~EtgLCl ELvaL LOOVLXO: to OQLO BQLoxovloL cvcuecc OE 15 XOt 27 Bue~01Jt; KEAOLOU.. 2.:£ ~La unEQBOALxi] eEQ~oxQaoLu nQfJtEl UvtLOTOLXCl vo oul;uVEtut OE OV1LOtaH~LO~O 10 nououc.

Evox; uQLHJloC; OUYXEXQlJlEVWV CPQOVTLowv Jtg£JtEL vo ECPOQllotovtoL OTOV xurrvo, ono»; to xOQcpoA6YT]~o rtou d Val T] ocpoLQEOT] tT]C; xOQCPnc; tau BAaoTou Of tpono nov va Jlnv aq:rr)vovroL 010V BAaoL6 auto naga tvac; aQL81l0c; CPUAAWV JtQooaQ~oOJlEVWV OTT]V avaJtTul;T] TOU CPUTOU, YEVLXU 9 IlE 1 3 Y LCl ro EAOCPQU xcnvc, A U1 0 to XOgcpOAOYT]!lCl yLvETClL JtEQL TT]V EST]XOOTi] JlEQCl MO rnv BAaOt110T]. To XOQCPOAOYT]~tVO <pUTO OL VEL nOAAu BAooTuQLaxoL OUTi] tTl onYJlrl ELvaL rtou YLvnoL to BAooToAoYl1Jla JlE TO XEQLO avtLxa8wTWilEvo IlEQLXEC; cpOgEC; IlEIlLO lOloLtEQll XTl~L}{i] cvreVEQYUO. Auto TO BAaoTOA6YT]~a eLVOl ovoyxoLo YLO va XOTEUHuvOUIlE TO CPUTO va 0XllllaTLoEL TO XQtlOLIlO nQo'Cov:TO CPUAAO (30). H OUYXOIlLoi) rorv CPUAAWV YLVETCll otnv ro qnJAAO TTlC; xogcpi]c; Jtugouv XLTQl-

16

vurno XQ(D~la. 2.:E OAT] 1T] OLUQXUO TTlC; BA6.- 01T]OnC;, 0 xonvonaQuywyoe; rtQEJt£L va EJtL- 1T]Q£l HI cpUTdCt. T01) xal vo trrv rrpoctoreuEL uno ~WlXU xaL CPUTLXU rtClQ<lOna, i] uno tou; vooovovouc .IlLXQOQyavLoIlOUC;. I'ic vo TO XUVEl XQT]OLI.10rtOLE L Il1JXTlToXTova, ~LtOVLOXTOVO i] evtouoxtovo (72).

l:yrKOMIAH

A vUAoya 11£ 1:TJV TOrt LKtl auvnt1 E La r a CPUAA(l ~oteuoVTOL crto TOV AUYOUOTO IlEXQL TO LErtTEIlBgLO, ELtE xoBovtac; OAO}tAnQo to BACloTo, ollAooi] OAOXA'I'IQO to CPU10 (oto Nottcotrnxd) EL 1:£ xo(3ovtOC; Eva Eva tn CPUAAO, i5LaAEYOYtae; IlOVO EXElVO nou EXOUV wQLIlUaEL TrAi]gwe;, XOL TrOU onAwvOvtoL ore sTlQavTi]QLo OE aQ llot1 LEe;. A 1J1n T] TEAEVTULO IlE80i5oC; ErtLAoynC; rrou XALIlUXWVEtOL xgovlxa ELvaL ruo xoupconxi] ono mv JtQwtTl., UAACt OLVEL OVWtEQl1 nooornro xru rrororntc.

8 HPANl:H

H ST]QOVOT] ErtLTgEnEL va cpuYEL iuo 'LEYLOTT] rtOOOTT]TO VEQOU MO 10 CPUAAO YlO va EnLtEUxHEL J..lLO uygaoLa YUQW oTO 25% (72). H ST]govoT] ( orov oEQo )dVOl JtOAU 0T].1l0VTLXn XUL bEY rtEQLogLtnaL 1l0VO ot IlLO art Ai) acpuoutwOT], EJtELOn OTT] OLaQXELU TT]C; T] XT]IlLXi] auvt1EOT] TOU XClJtVO-U TUrtOnOLELToL onucvuxn. A UTi] T] snguvon ECPUQJ..l0tHUL YEVLxa OTa IlClUQO XQJtVU non ;;EQaL vovmt OtOV EAEUHEQO aEQa, xanv6.. IlE Bo8u XQW!lCl OtO ortotc rtEQlAO.Il(3uvHaL T} rrAELOVOTTj1:0 TWV xcnvorv nou XOAALEQYOUVTUL 01T] raAALa. n€QLAoIlBo.vEL TQELC; bLOXEXQLIlEVEC; cpaoELC;:

To XL 'tQ i, vt,o",«: TO qJUAAOIlUQO L VOVtOl OlYU alva xru rrUQUAATjAO yLvETUl IlLCt

ntva~a~ No 3 T!:lfAPA nov nOYAIOYNTAI

I:TH fAAAIA TA3INOMHMENA ANAAOfA ME TO nEPIEXOMENO TOY!: !:E NIKOTINH*

(1) .1IAvOPEL: nOlKIAIEL: TLlr APQN

1 BLF ROYALE ULTRA LEGERE 2 BLF PHILIPP MORIS DORE

3 BLFPETER STUYVESANT

4 BLFCRAVEN ORANGE

5 BRFGALLIA BLEU

6 BRFGALLIA MENTHOL 7 BLFPHILIPP MORIS

8 BLFPETER STUYVESANT BLEU 9 BLFROYALE BLEU

10 BRFSEITANES

11 BLFR ICH LICHT LONGU ES 12 BLFREEMTSMA

13 BLFR ten LIGHT

14 BLFMERITN:0.56 n 7.5

15 BRFGAULOISES VERTES MENTHOL 16 BLFJOHN PLA YERS SPECIAL ROUGE 17 BRFGITANES LEGERES

18 BLFMILD

19 BLFFLASH

20 BLFKIM

21 BRFFRANCAISE ROUGE

22 BRFFRANCAISE VERTE MENTHOL

N:O,09 N:O,17 N:O.18 N:O.3 N:O.3 N:O.3 N:O.4 N:0.42 N:O.44 N:0.45 N:O.45 N:O.45 N:O.49

N:0.58 N:O.65 N:O.66 N:O.69 N:0.7 N:O.75 N:O.75 N:O.75

* ,1Q Lucien Sagaert, 1989

K tutvurtec;

H:O.9 11:1.5 n 1.8 11: 3 n 5.5 n 5.5 n 3..9 n 5.5 11:5.4 11: 8 11: 8 1l:.9.5 11: 6.4

11: 16.8 n 9 11: 9.8 fl:13.5 11: 12 11: 11.9 n.iz 11:12

(1) To. nooootn VUtOtLVllC; xat Jdow; nov J..lVfH.WVEUovtCH mov ntvcxo No 3 j1noQ£L, yw EVC1 j1.lxp6 o.pL8J..l6 lmyapwv, vo fLV(JL ALyo OLacpop€tl'Ka uno fXELva nou aV(1YQacpovtm 01:0. nuxE"'w tOJV tOlyaQ!JJv, xrn nou EX0'UV baHEL lWQU crco U1V S.E.I.T.A. A YTO 6.EN EHHP AZEI KA00AOY TA AnOTEAELMATA THL MEAETHL: MAL.

BlF = ~avHa tOlyaQa IlE cpDI.TQo (~avea xnrtvc) BLSF = ~o.vHa TOLyaQo. XWptC; q)LATQO

BRF = xorrtnvo Tmyapa fif CPLATQO (xcotovc xurrva) BRSF = XaOT(lVa t0LyuQu XWQtC;cpLAT(?O.

17

Kanvurtts;

23 BLFROTHMANS BLEU 24 BLFKOOL

25 BRFGAULOISE LONGUES 26 BLFJUAN BASTOS

27 BLFCRAVEN BLEU

28 BLFCRA YEN YERTE

29 BLFDANHILL BLEU INTERNATIONAL 30 BRFGITANES

31 BRFGAULOISE CAPORAL 32 BRFKENT

33 BLFWILSON BLANCHE 34 BLFWILSON ROUGE

35 BLFCROWN

36 BLFDUNHILL MENTHOL

37 BLFMURRITI AMBASSADOR 38 BLFCAMEL

39 BLFCRA YEN EXPORT

40 BLFCRA YEN EXPORT MENTHOL 41 BLFPETER STUYVESANT ROUGE 42 BLFLUCKY STRIKE

43 BLFBOULE D'OR MENTHOL VERTE 44 BLFBOULE D'OR ROUGE

45 BLFMULTIFILTER

46 BLFNEWS

47 BLFROY ALE VERTE 48 BLFGIGANTE

49 BLFS LUCKY STRIKE 50 BLFARIEL

51 BLFJ. BASTOS LUXE 52 BLFTIME LONGUE

53 BLFTIME LONGUE MENTHOL 54 BLFCHAMPAGNE

55 BLFFLASH 85 N:1.07 TI:14.9

56 BRFGITANES INTERNATIONAL 57 BLFMARLOBORO MENTHOL 58 BLFPHILIPP MORIS MARRON 59 BLFMARLOBORO

60 BRFARMADA

18

N:O.77 0: 10.2 N:O.8 0: 9

N:0.8 n:13

N:O.8 n 15

N:O.81 TI: 9.7

N:O.81 0:9.7 N:0.82 n:11 N:O.82 TI: 12.2 N:O.84 n. 13.9 N:O.85 n 12.8 N:O.86 TI: 9.7 N:O.89 n 14.5 N:O.89 n 15.4 N:O.9I n 11.2 N:O.92 n. 12.2 N:O.94 Il: 14 .. 9 N:O.96 n 14.7 N:O.96 0: 14.7 N:O.96 0:14.8 N:O.97 TI:15.8 N:O.98 n 13.9 N:O.98 n:13.9 N:0.98 n:13.9 N:O.98 TI: 14.2 N:O.98 n 14.9 N:O.98 n:15.8 N:I n:17.9 N:L04 TI:14.9 N: 1.05 0: 13.2 N:1.05 TI:17.9 N: 1.05 n 17.9 N: 1.07 rr 145

N:1.09 n:12 .. 7 N:1.09 n:15.8 N:1.09 0:15.8 N: 1.09 n 15.8 N:1.09 0.:17.9

Kanviaxts;

61 BLFARMADA MENTHOL

62 BLFJOHN PLAYERS SPECIAL NOIRE

63 BLFPETER STUYVESANT ROUGE LONGUE 64 BRSF FRANCAISE

65 BLFFONTENOY

66 BLFROYALE ROUGE

67 BLFPALL MALL ROUGE

68 BLFPALL MALL VERTE MENTHOL 69 BLFKOOL MENTHOL

70 BLFDUNHILL ROUGE

71 BLFJOHN PLAYERS SPECIAL 72 BRSF BLUE WAY

73 BLFROTHAMANS BLEU 74 BLFBENSON & HEDGES 75 BLFCRA VEN ROUGE

76 BRFMARIGNY

77 BLFL& M

78 BLFARSENAL ROUGE

79 BLFWINSTON INTERNATIONAL 80 BLFROTHMANS BLEU LONGUE 81 BLSF WEEK END

82 BRSF GAULOISE CAPORAL 83 BLSF BELGA

84 BRFDISQUE BLEU 85 BRSF GITANES 86 BLFFINE 120

87 BLSF J & B

88 BLFGOLD LEAF

89 BLFCHESTERFIELD

90 BLSF CHESTERFIELD 91 BRSF MARIGNY

92 BRFCELTIQUE

93 BLSF BALTO

94 BLSF SAINT MICHEL 95 BLSF CAMEL

96 BLSF PALL MALL

97 BLSF BOYARDSCAPORAL 98 BRSF GIT ANES MAIS

N:1.09 n:17.9
N:1.1 n:15.5
N:1.1 n 16.5
N:I.I 0:23 *
N:1.15 0:14.5
N:1.15 TI:14.5
N:1.15 0:16
N:1.15 TI:16
N:.L18 TI:15.8
N:L2 n:15.5
N:1.2 TI:17
N:1.23 TI:19.8
N: 1.25 TI:16.1
N:1.27 TI:15.9
N:1.3 TI:16.4
N:1.3 TI:18.5
N:L31 0:17
N:l.36 n:21.8*
N:1.39 TI:17.9
N:l.4 TI:17.1
N:l.4 TI:19
N: 1.44 TI:23.8*
N:1.45 TI:17
N:1.45 0:23 *
N: 1.46 TI:21.7*
N:1.5 0:17
N:I.5 TI:29.5
N:1.55 TI:17.5
N:1.55 TI:20 *
N: 1.55 TI:20 *
N:1.55 TI:20 *
N:l.55 TI:23.8*
N:1.58 TI :21.2*
N:1.8 n:20.7*
N:1.8 n:20.7*
N:1.9 TI:25 *
N: 1.95 TI:27 *
N:2.7 TI:44 **
19 Kouvuntc;

XTll-uxtl flH(J~OAn lWV ODOlaUX(IW uno 10 OIWLa un01EA01JV1UL.

T1JV urro~iwuv(J1J 1:,,; :rtEQUflEQElU; 1] xuenav(r)!lu: to CP1JAAU XCtVODV X(l1Ct EVU .flEQOt; 10 V£QO roix; xaL nULQvoDV Eva XU01UVO, O~LOLO~OQ<PO XQw~u.

Tov Jt£QLOQLO~O 10D VE1JQOD: ortou ot VEDQWOELt; /taL ot IlLOXOt xaVODV 10 VEQ6 JWU JtEQLEXOUV XUL nEQLoQL~OV1(n OTO [Ao.XL010 (30).

H snQUVOTl OTn CPWTL6.: rn xLTQLva tl avo LXTOXQWIlU xcnvn 1)(PL01UV1UL JlLU :;~QavoTl noA.1J nLO YQnyoQTl J-tE <pWUD. uno SUAU BEA(JVLbLUC; n OSLCtr; nov uvaJtl:UOOEL IlEYUATl 8EQlloxQUOLU, n onoto OTutkQ0JtOLd "to XL1QLVO toix; XQW!olU. Ot tOtOL nE8aLVODV ygiJYOQU !olE trrv lEXVLXn UDl:n xaL oev txptornvtrn xallLU XTl!olLXn IlHUBoAtl (30).

AlAAorH

Autr] T] EgyaoLil IT]<; 1;1')guvoT]S u'KOAo1l8Ellat uno cxetvn tllS OWAOY1')S· Tn 1;Ega <:pUAAU XWQL~OVlat 'KaL 01l0XEllasOVIUl OE naxEta turv 10 1') 50 crVAA.ooV, lWV 50 XlAWV. fEvlxa, OlT) fUAAia, 11 nagaywy1') nOllALEtat orn S. E.I.T.A. nou XUVEL OAES tlS fJ,Et£JtELlU EQyaoLES fJ,EtatQom'ls xaL EfJ,noQEUfJ,alOnOLT]0W;, uAAa uno to 1971 oi xaAAlEgY11tE£ dvm nag' OAa cut« EAEV8EQOL va OLungu yfJ,U tr.utouv IlJ OUYXOfJ,101') roue onu»; 8EAouv, fJ,E rn ~ to IJ.lJX a v La tT)S EXAOY1') STOll S, ExEiV11 rrou Oa xaVEL to nQO'COVTa XanVLUfJ,UtOS (or nLQ nOAAoL), ELOJtvOT1S uno tTj fJ,VtT] (JtQE~aQWfJ,u) i] IJ.Uoi]fJ,aTos·

ZYMUl:H

H tUfJ,WOlJ ExEl oov urrOIEAEOfJ,U tn olllJ.lOUQYLU xal IT]V OfJ,OWYEVELa TaU aQWfJ,aTOC; lOU xnnvou xal EnLOTlS tOU OiVEl rnv EnL8ufJ,T]ti) YEUOl1 'Km TOU I-!ElWVEl 10 nEQlEXOfJ,EVO OE Vl'KOt L VlJ IlE t qv OsElOWOll. H 8EQIloxguoia tT]S ~UIlWOl1S etvm ovcuerrc OTOUC; 40 xm SO ~ae- 1-10u<;. nQEJtEl va ELVaL nQOoOE1Juxi]. MEta cno aUTi] tn sUIlWOll, 0 xanvoc; ucpL(HaTm 1[OAA£S

22

fJ,EtUfA·OQcpWOElS, avaAoyu fAE UC; JWL'KlAlE<; Xat t«; s11tOU~18VEC; lblOt11tES: ilL vucr« (xUQ.!1aVlU) xat XanOTE nQooBi]xfl aQ(1)!1auxwv XClQUXEUfJ-aTWV, X01.jJt[10 08 AEnltc; AOllQtOES ytU InV xntcOXEUi] TmyaQWV XUL YW 'KunVO vto GTQl1.jJtI.W, m.o XOVtQtc; yw to xortvc rtou JTQOOQLSOVICH y~a tlS rdnEt; XaL to E0WTEQlX6 ttov nouQwv XUl xurtvo os OXOVTI yta TTIV Ewnvoi] nrto TTl fAUlT] (nQESagwllu) (58). Ta cp1JAACl nou 1TQOOQLt:,OVTUl vro XCtAU[1[1U it nou eu unouv xaTw uno 10 XaAUIl[1U EnEI;EQyaSOVlaL ElOtxa. Ta cpUAAa lOU xo rcvou no u nQooQLsOvtal yta IlCt011[1a bEv XO~OVIUL aAAu [lOVO nAaytaTOlloUVTat. Meto TO X01.jJl[lO nQEJtEl va uYQav8d 0 xcrrvo; OTOV UXvo Yla va ytVf.l TO CPUAAO 000 JtgEnHl-1aAaxO. MEta axoAou8d tva xOnUvLO[1U [1E oxono va XWQl(JE~ to cpuAAa coro to veuoo roue. :LtfJ ouveXEla, 0 xcnvo; xa~ouQO(sEtm xrn [1Eta oxoxouBEL TO rwxnaQlO[1a rrou YLVETat [lE WnXUVLxa flEOU.

Kanviotec

"INAKAI: No 4

MEI:O nOEOETO NIKOTINHE KAI nII:l:Al: nov nEPIEXETAI EE AIAcJ»OPA TElrAPA*

To LYUQO n/% N°~ N/mg/cig. G/mg/cig.
BovHn ¢' 67/70,5 1 0,94 13,7
Kcotcva ¢' 15/15,8 2 0,83 13,30
- -
SuvH¢'+ K uo't<P 82/86,3 1+2 0,92 13,16
SavHa XWQt~ <I> 8/8.4 3 1,68 21,30
. Koorcvc XWQL~ <I> 5/5,3 4 1,60 25,70
Suv8+ Kcor, X <I> 13/13,7 3+4 165 21,00
,
OAn HI 'tOLYQgU 95/100 (1+2) 1,02 14,50
j.tOst (3+4) nAP ATHPH!:H:

SANe<l> I ROYALE U.L.: N;;:::O,09 mg/tory, G;;:::O,9 mg!tmy

KALTX<l>98 GITANES MAIS: N;;:::2,7 mg!tmy. G:::44mg/tmy.

Rn;;:::N98~ I ;Rg;;:::G98/G 1

! Rn=30.Rg=49!

* ~Q Lucien Sagaert, 1989

23

25

10

15

10

24

5

:=:AN0A TLIrAPA ME <f:>IATPO







••



• • ••



• • .. . .

• •

. ., .

• •• • • ~----------~.--~



G = 13.17



• •

• •





••







11IL:i;\/ MG/TL:lrAPA





••







• •

• I N = (J'I4

o ~I--------~------~~--------+-

o.s

1.0

1.5

N1KOTINllI MG ITL:lrAPA

Tl:IrAPA KAl:TANA tIlIATPOY:

KAMDYAH l:XEl:Hl::

NIKOTINH/llll:l:A

ElXOVCl No2

SANaA .rrrr AP A ME cf>IATPO:

KAMllYAH l:XEI:HI::

NIKOTINH/nIl:l:A

ElXOVCl Not

20

nlL:L:A I MG /TrlrAPA

,t-

r = 0.91

15

(; = 13.3

10

N =(J,I(J

()

0.5 1.0 1.5

NIKOTINJ 1/ MG I TL:lrAPA

'II

n!L:IA I MG IT2:lrAPA

* (1+2 (---- KAMIlY All KAT' EKTIMH):.H* 1+2



r = 0.93



••



'*

Tot ytIllG XUOT. WLAlllOU •

•••

• • ... . ..

II

. ." •• '* •

••

o ~ 13.1 (>



• '*

• !It

N=O.'J2

• •



III ••


"


* ••


• • •

• •



0.5

1.0

1.5

N!KOTINJ II MG ITL:lr APA

T:ElrAPA SAN8A

XQPIl: <l>IATPO KAJ KAI:TANA XQPJl: tlJIATPO:

KAMnYAH I:X EI: HI:

Etxova No4

TI: I fAP A SAN0A KAI KAI:TANA cfJIATPOY:

KAMnYAH :EXEl:Hl::

NIKOTINH nll:l:A

El'XOVU No3

50

n IIIA I MG I TIl fAPA

r", 0.93

{ nEIJ?AMATIKA LlIMEIA

4 KAMIIY,\I! K/\r EKTIMlIil1

* :1 {rJEIPAMl\TIKA II IMI:I,\

KAMI I Y i\ I I Ki\T" EKTIM Hill

:> + 4 {KAMIl YAII KAT" EKTI, IIi! I

r == 0 . .85

40

r == 0.84

30

G '" 25.7

20

10 -

o

N '" l.b5 2 3

NIKOTI HI MG/ T1IJ',t\P/\

25

Koitvurttc

nINAKAl: NoS

nArKO!:MIA nAPArQrH KAllNOY I:E cIlYAAA KATANOMH KATA KATHfOPIA*

(tQtO,..o La EX t,AuibEC; 'tovvou~)

(An6 t01J~ TZARD & COUTEAU)

1935 - 39 1972 - 76 1980
I-t€OO~ 6Qo~ !1'€OO~ 6Qo~
!
TA ~IA<POPA EI~H Ougayw- % naQayw- % naQuyw- %
KAilNOY y~ yiJ yr)
I. KAIlNA «EnE3EP- 615 20.50 2 115 41.06 2 2I8 42.64
r A~MENA LE KA-
MINMA (Tunon
BI,QtI;LVl.a. Kartvn
Jt01:J sEQaLvovrm
oro 1;£016 aEQa
,
i
! 2. KAflNA ANOIXTO- 240 8.00 860 16.70 . 901 17.32
XPQMA 3EPAMENA
i IE <pYIIKO AEPA
(Tunou MnuQA£U,
MaLQ'UAavl)
3. KATINA ANATOAHI & 300 10.00 890 17.28 931 17.90
M. ANATOAHI 2EPA-
M.ENAITON HAlO
4. AAAA KAnNA 3EPA- 745 24.83
MENA ITON HAlO
5. KAnNA MAYPA 3EPA- 10.30 34.33 I 230 23.90 1 098 21.12
MENA ~TON <t>YIIKO I
AEPA
6. KAnNA MAYPA :::EPA- 70 2.34 55 1.06 53 1.02
MENAIE <PQTIA:::Y- I
AQN (Tunou KEvtUX'U)
~YNOAA 3000 100% ! 5 150 100% 5201 100% '" Dr Lucien Sagaert, 1989 28

K onviote;

01 AIA<I>OPOI TynOI KAllNOY (nLVClxw;vo5)

Mncoouue vc xatata.~OU!l£ tOU~ XanV01J~ oE cpuAla, oEESL !lEYUAE<; XCltl]YOQl.E<;. TIOU oUxvCt XCl(10gl.~OVtOL cno tnv UyyALXi) OVO!lUoLU tOU<;, AO!l110VOVrac; uuvi}Hwc; oov XQLti)QLU ELtc to XQW.!lU, El.t£ 10 doo<; '[11<; SrlgOVol]C;. (JtLvuxac; 5). Tu xan:va rtou n:OUALOUV1UL 010 Ep.Jt6QLO, oruo; 8a oou!lE,dvaL I-1LY!la1a (XOQ!lCt.VLa) TIOAAtilV axo:rEQYU01WV xo.nV(Dv 010. orroto IDt0Q£l. V£ EXOUV 1tQ001Et)c:L UgW!lCll0 rl CtAAO TIgoaf:ktLx6.: Q01J!lL, YA1JXOggOto, uevtn, %'ATI. (72)

SANGA KADNA SEP AMENA l:E ZEl:TO AEP A

(TynOY BIPTZINIA)

AI-1EgLXOVLXi) aAA6. eruorj; Xo.L aYYA-Lxrl YEUoTJ. Tn xaJtva EL vrn nOA U 1tEQLSi)tl]tCl omvncvxooiuc uyoga. H nOLXLAl.a aUli] E1tLtQETIEL 111'\1 E1tLTEUSTJ EVOC; aXE06v O!lOLO- 1-10QCP01J XL 1 Q LV LO urrt 0 <;. To "U1tOSTJQCl !lEVa I-1E ~Eu'[6 aEQa" xcrtvn XgTJUL!lOnOLOUvtClL yLC1:. -tc "o.gtU!lEVU" toLyagCl (U!l£QLxavLxi]e; YEuonC;) uvaxatq.lEVCl ue MJtEQAEUXUL x(lJtva AVUtOAi]<;, -VClf.l1tOUV ern oDv(1Eoll rorv XOLVWV xcrrvrov. Tn XClJtVO aUla rrou ngoEQXOvtaL ono ue; HVW!lEVEC; [lOAL1El.EC; tXOUV EtouX8EL OE CIAAEe; XWQE<; ortcx; TJ AYYALu, TJ BgClSLALCl %.A.Jt.

KADNA ANOIXTOY XPQMATOl:SEP AMENA l:TON 4lYl:IKO AEPA

o XUQLOC; uvnng6ownoc; Cllni]e; lTJ<; Xo.U]yogLue; ELvUL 0 xClnv6<; WITE BURLEY nov EXEL !lEyCtA TJ XU'[ClvCtAwOll one; H Il A. To MJtEQAE1i ELvClL EVUC; EAo.cpQ6e; xcnvo; to XQwILa tOV oxotou JtOLKLAAH nrto (..lnEt !lEXgL xucpt. H xaAALEgYELCI tOU EXEL ELOClX8EL OE JtOAAES XWQE<;: Norte BgaSLAi.u, Ion.ovtn, IClnwvLa )CAn. O!lWC; OL HIlA naQU!lEvOUV TJ JtQc1nTJ naguywy6C; XWQa OE

rrnvxoouto EJtLJtEOO. o MaLguAClvt EL val EnLOTJe; f:vCts avoLXt6XgWf.l0e; xonv6e;. SEQO!lEVOe; oE EAEUtlEQO ClEgo, ClAAU OEV cvnrtooawJtE1JEL nUQo 10 1 % tne; nuyx6oj.1Lo.C; nagoywyr)C; .

KAUNA ANATOAHl:

SE·P AMENA l:TON HAlO

Ta xorrvu cute 1tOU XUAALEgYOUVtClt KUQLwe; 01TJV tEWe; E2:L~, tTJV Touoxtc, tn BOUA YUQLu, tTJV EAA6oa, t nv JtQwTJv rLOUYXOOAU~LCl, EXODV qnJAACl ~LE XQW!lCl ALyo TIOAU ~a8D XLtgLVO, j.1LXgCI (3 tws 20 excroctc), ocp8ova A6yw ,[CDV LC)LClL1Egwv XAL(..la'[oAoYLXWV o1JvHTJxwv: OTTJV TIgoSn bEV BQEXEL oe 6Art tn oLugxnu tne; XUAALEQyuw;. Mrtnivouv OE!lLY!lOtU (xaQ!lOvLa) ClQCD!101LXCt nou UgEoouv o rnv MEan AvOtOAi] XUL OtTJV Aoto, UAACt EnLUlle; xaL OE OLo.CPOQEs .f.lCtQx£~ Of.lEQLXUVLXEC; xrn ayyA.LXEe;, KClL EnLolls o tc rot yoga KanOQ6.A.

AAAA KADNA SEPAMENA l:TON HAlO

To f.lEYUAU1EQO !lEgoe; tWV xcnvorv nov sEgat VOV'tUL orov i]ALO nClgo.yovtOL Ot11V Aot«. Oi nOLxLALEs ELvUL nOAu (~Lo.CPOQEtLXES xat otvouv JtOA'll oVVllHw!lEVU xcnvn nov YEVLXO XataVaALoXOVtOL EnL tenon.

29

Kcatvune;

KAUNA MAYPA 8EPAMENA I;TON cJlYI:IKO AE·PA:

r AAAIKH rEYI:H

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KADNA MAYPA 8EPAMENA I:TH fIlQTIA

A UTtl El. vet I.Ha ana tu; nLO naALEe; ~£{-)6- bOut; n ou XQYlO L,~On:O LOUvt aL ot«; H n A.. H nguxtLxtl Ulntl XgYlOL~OnOLELTaL YLU vc y L VEL EJtE~EQyuOl.a xunvorv f.1E ouvaHl vEuQa (<p1JAAWV) -0 XUQLOt; TUnOt; ELVUL 0 KEVT<lxu, nou xaAALEQYEl.'rUL EJtLOYlS OTYlV Ilosrovio xaL OTYlV ITaALa (50). Evw Ta EAacpga xo.nv« XQYlOL~OnOLouvTUL YLU TYlV nagaywYrl xnrtvoi) YLU xunvLo~a" ro TILO BaQta XQYlOLf.10JtoLouvTaL YLa nQo ·(6VTU ELOJtVOne; uno tYl ~UTYl (JtgEsa) xaL ~aOll,f.1a ..

TA ynOKATAl:TATA TOY KAllNOY

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H JtgwtYJ exooon tYl~ <l>uQ~axoJtOLLUe; (1818) OUVL010UOE TTJ XQtlOTJ rorv CPUAAWV

30

tOU xunvo» oov EA~LV80xt6vo, YLa XAUoucro xrn eyxullu'tU, aAA<1, AOYW TYl<; IlEyaAll<; 10~LX6tYJtue; T01) xcrtvou, an:UYOQEUtTJxnv 'to 1884 (72). Evnc unoxA1)o.~6C; ~E Bao11 to cpUAAU tou xcrtvou f.1JtogEL v« OQLOt£L xata rorv TIEQLOCPLYIlEVWV X11AWV.

50

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35

30

25

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nArKOI:MIA DAPArnfH KAllNOY I:E <IlYAAA - KATANOMH KATA KATHfOPIA

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1980

1935-39

1972-76

31

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I:THN OMOIOnAf>HTIKH tl>APMAKEYTIKH

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I:TH C))YTO~APMAKEYTIKH

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32

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H a£QLOe; qJaOll TIEQLEXEL j3aOLXa atuno, 0l;uy6vo, oLosdbLO ron av8Quxo (C02),I-L0voI;ELbLO TOU o.vHQuxu (CO), uOQoyovo xaL JtOAAOUC; 10I";LXOU~TIuQayovlE<; OE I-LLXQ£C; nooo"tlllE~ (JtLvaxE<; No 6A. No 7. ELX. 6) EVW II OUIlJtUXVWOT] (LOtasouoa qJaoll) anolEAEL1UL an6 VLXOtLVT], aQWj.LatLXOuc; rtOAUXUXALXOUe; uDQoyovav8QaXEC;, aQoEvLxO, JtoQaywyC1 "[01J XClO~!LOU xaL VLXEALOU, JtOAWVLO 210 (mvcxe; No 6B xaL No 7).

33

K(1JrWarE~

2) To 0EUIEQEUOV QEU~W. stvrn o:notEAtO~W tOU xcrrvou tOU tOLy6Q01J nou nC1Q(tyGtCIL (Jvcq.LEOa OE XOHE QOUCPllSLO. A1Jto~ 0 xcrtvo; unAwVnOt 01TJV O:1~LOO(paLQCX XCtL 0LaAUETaL. nOAU nAOUOWt; at 10sL)d:~ O"UOLE<;, DEV ELOJLVE£tOL f.LOVO «no 10V xonvLOti] (f::)n 10 i]8EAE nOAU) OAAO Enlo11~ XOt cno to a10~LO rtou ~QlOXOV10L O-CTJv clM-Eoi} lOU 01f.L6oCPOLQO ... KC1nvLOtt~ X{J)QL~ vn 10 fltAOUV, i) no(1TJuxoL xonvL01b;, ou16 1(1 crouc UcpL01UV10t EV cvvoto 10US BAaBTJ 111S uy£Lor; XOl 6uotuxw~ yL 'cut«, ouXvu XWQLS vo 10 OUVELffl1tonOLOllV (83).

3) To XlIQLO Q£lI:f.LO JtaAL. YnaQXn tva "tQL1;o QEUWl" rtou Go ,fDtoQouoa~tf: vu OVOf.LclOOUue 10 XUQLO QEUf.LO nUAL (OL~) nou onon:AEL10L nno tovxonvo rtou ExnVEOUV OLxanVLOtEs. OL xanvoL aU10L ELVOL ALyon:Qo 10SLXOL an6 10Ue; xanvoD~ rtou ELOJtVEOUV JtLO BaeLli ot xonvw1Ee;, EJtELOi} noyt Gotxouv onaAAayeL ana Eva fl.EyOAO oQd::lf.L6 OUOLWV rtou EXOUV M-ELVEL orov oovovrouo.

OL xcnvot mrrot, ALy61EQO emxtvouvo; urro LOu<; nQ0ytyollf.LEVOU<;, fDt0QOllV oxouc va BAO'4'OUV to ctou« non BQLoxOV10L OtO 1tI::QLB6AAOV xovtri orov xanvw1i},xal ELOLXo. to ytALXLUlf.LEVa crouo XOl to nOlOLo.. A v TJ nOLOtLxi] OUV8E011 Ev6S xcnvou tot yCtgou EL VOL Ot08EQi] OtTJv nQo.1;yt, DEV oUf.LBoLVEL 10 LDLO f.LE trrv Otaf::)f.LL01Lxi] 1:0U OUV8EOTJ nou Enl1QQECt~HOL cno TTl <pUOTJ 1:0U xcrtvou rtou XQ110Lf.L0nOLEL tci, to Bo8f.LO uYQooLoS tOU, 10V TQ6no xcnvtoucto; ... AU1i] 11 nOOO1Lxi] 01lV8EOyt tH.OcpEQCL nOAD OUOLOO1LXa on6 mv nQW1:11 01:Tjv 1:EAEU10Lo QOUCP11SLo.. Kat TOUTO YLotL Tj OUYXEVtgCDOTj tCDV 0SELOLCDV 1:0U av8gaxa XOl TCDV aXHoAbE"COwv 0XEo6v OLnAaOLCt~OVloL orto trrv ngw1Tj f.LEXQL 111V TEAEulaLo QOUCPl1SLCt. [lEV OUf-LBoLv£L 1:0 LbLO f-LE 1:l1V OUYXEV1:gCD011 tTJ~ VLXOtLV11S· Otcv xanVL~OUf.LE I.LE ygTtyogo Qu81.L6 (nv xoL f.LE TO TOlyCtgO) 0 oyXOS TOU XUQLOU gEUf-LOtOr; OUsCtVHOL o£B6:QO~ tOU D£U1£Q£1I0- vtoc. 2":tTjvnEgLnnDOTj OU111 to nooooro 1:11S VLx01:L VTJS fDt0QEL va OU;;l1Hd ~EXQL 5 cpOgE<;.

Ito vo avaAUOOUI.LE to JtoAu6QL8~0 ououmx« 1:0U xonvou cno Tl1V xmxm tOU 1:0LYUQOu, XQytOL.f.LOJtOL01)~£ C(.lLA1:Qa ~E l-uxQonoQous nou EnLLQfrtOUV va XWQLOOU~E 1:11V OEglO cpuOll ono 1:11V L6Lu~ouoa.

AVOAUOV1:a<; ro OEQLO nou ByaLvouv coro to CPLALQO o.unJ, EVW ouAAEyoUj.Le tu XClTo.AOLno 10 XClLo.AOLJTa 1:yt<; XClUOTJS, rtou Aov8ao~Eva ovo~6:~OUf.LE "nLOOES" rrou OXl11-La1:L~Ouv rnv ouurroxvcion. Me ns Xa1:UAAl1A£S tEXVLXES !-l1tOgEOOf.LE £JtL 1:01) rtcoovro; vu svrontOOUf.LE 1.150 6LUcpOgO oUTonxu.

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34

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nINAKAl: No6

KYPIA TOEIKA ~Y~TAT]KA nov IIEPIEXONTAI ~TON KAnNO TQN T~IrAPQN*

(6XL JtUA(HWp.tvwv) ,wnl j.UU I-.U;;A€1:Tj torv Wynder & Hoffman (OL xu.nlAoyoL bEV ELvUL JtAiJQUC;)

A) AEPIOl; <l>AI:H

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6..tIlE8uAL v L I.goollL vn C 1-200 ng 13 ng
E8uAOj..LE8u AOVl t goa j..LL V1l C 0, I - 10 ng 1.8 ng
6..LE8uAOVL tQOOIlL VT) C 0-10 ng 1.5 ng
Nt tQO~orWQOAtO(,VTJ C 2-42 ng 11 ng
AAAEt; VI, t QoallL YES
(4 EVWOUS) C 2-20 ng
YOQa~lv1J C 24-43 ng 32 ng
XAWQlDLO t01J BlVLAL01J C 1-16 ng 12 ng
OUQE8uv'f] IT 10-35 ng 30 ng
$OQIlOAO E tOT] TC.CoC 20-90mg 30mg
Y OQoKuavLx6 Os'll TC.T 30-200 mg 110 mg * TutmYCtQu MJIoQEi. ll£Tul;u tWV CtAAwV vc JtEQL£X01JV XaL 01JO[EC; xaQxlvoy6vE~ ono»; TJ uQo(VTJ r) to XUQBOVlJALO T01) VLX£ALOU XaL fnLOTJC; XAWQLOUX£S OA£CPLVU; XaL VV[QOOA.€CPi.V€S 08 JHT}ltXilIlOQCflrj.

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<m TmyuQa XWQl.t; cpO, too, tWV 85 XlA., nov olatLSEVtat oro xOLv6 (1973-1976). (y) Nox>95%NO, to unos.outo jlE j..LoQwf] N02

(6) 8EV ElVUl tOslx6 OlOV xcotvo tWV ajlEQLxavlxwv tmyCt.Qwv JW1l mWtEA061Jvtm crto jlLyp .. a X crrvcov , EJtEtorj to pH ELvm j..LlX.QOtEQO uno 6,5 lim xata o1Jvt;[Ela to op··IlWVlUx6xaL OL Jt1JQlcS(VE~ bEY BQLoxovtm nagu jlEllogqJrj protonee.

35

Kanviottc

B)I:YrKEKPIMENH I:YN0EI:H

, L1JYX£vtQCOOyt /10 L yago
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B Ev~o-a -in.lg~vto IT 8-50 ng 20 ng
5 IJEBuAoXQuo~vLo IT 0.5 - 2 ng 20ng
BEVso -0- cpeoQLoav~H VLO IT 5 - 40 ng 10 ng
BEVso-( a )-av8Qf1 XEVLO IT I 5 - 80 ng 40 ng
AAAOl aQW[,lUtLXOt
uOQoyovavf:IQaXEt;
J[OAU1t~gLvm (>20 OUV(kWL) IT
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8LBEV~O·LX~ - (ah)- OXQLOlVT] IT
8l~EVSO·CX~ - (c.g) - aXQLcSLVTJ IT 0.7 ng 0.7 ng
nUQ~VLO CoC 50 - 200 ng 150ng
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BEV~O -(ghi) - 1tT]guAtVTl CoC 10 - 60 ng 30 ng
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KEt; OgUJ[,lOlLXOt, JWAU-
1ttlgT]VLXOL (> 1 0 ouv-
8Etm) CaC
Na <peaA ~VEt; CoC 1-10 g 6g
1-[J.EBuALVo6AEt; CoC 0.3-0.9 g 0.8 g
9-[J.E8uAxagBasOAEt; CoC 0.005 - 0.2 0.1 g
AAAEt; OUOEtEQEt; CoC
Evroont;
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B-vacp81JAQ[,lLVTl CV 0-25 ng 20ng
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AtwtOUxE<; EVWOW;
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nOAWVLO 210 C 0.03 -1.3 pCI
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AgoEvLX6 C 1-25 g ,
NtX01LVT] T 0.1-2.0 mg l.5mg
AAXQAOEtOtl[,l6QlQ TOU xanvau T 0.01-0.2 0.1 mg
<l>mvOATj TC [0 - 200 g 85 g
KQE~6AE<; (3 EVWont;) Te 10-150 g 70 g 36

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NLXOt('VE~ 0.04 * C. Boutin, 1977

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38

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39

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40

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42

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48

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52

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53

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ETII8NHI:IMOTHTA: I:YfKPII:H ANAMEI:A I:E KAnNII:TEI:

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TIOY TON EII:TINEOYN

EmeVll<n~6tl]TU (A~EQLXUVLX~ EtmQLu KUQXLVOU)

ElXOV(t No 13

3 +-------~----~------~------~------~

Kcnvurrrj; nou Ewnv££l TOV xcrrvo



unvLotils rtou bEY EWJtV££L TOV xcotvo Mll XUn:VLOTi]S;:

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10

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E:E:EAI8H THI: EATIlAAl: MEl:OY OPOY ZQHI: l:E ENAN AIQNA

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Eueov(t No 14

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65

55 ... --~

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1870 1880 1890 1900 [910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960

Ern

54

Kostvurtt;

o KAnNOl: KAITO ANAnNEYl:TIKO l:Yl:THMA

nEQw061:EQOL crto 3.000.000 r6.AAoL EXOUV nQooBATJBeL an6 XQ6VLEr; naBi]onr; 1:0U ovcrtveuonxou cucrnuoro; nou ElVUL Enlow; OL1:l0:

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KATANOMH KATA KATHrOPIA

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50 - 60 %
40 + 86 Ofr
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20
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0
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90 - 0 ('tf
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56

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% XQov~ac; BQOYXlt~6ac;

ElXQVU No 16

Holland

38 %

Y := 0,4425.Q+5.5

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27. DOLL R., HILL A.B. 0 XUQXLVO~ lOU nVE1JflOVa xnt UAAU aLtLa Oovcrou 0XE~ U%o. IJ-E to xcnviouc MLU bEUtEQ11 nvo<pogo. 0111 8V1']OLJ..10111ta HOV BQEtaV(DV YWtQwv British Med. J. 1956, OEA 1071

28. DOLL R., HILL A.B. 8V110L!J.ol11ta Of: 0XE0l1IlE 10 xcnvcouo. L1£.xa XQovLa naQal11QTJonc; lWV BQHUVWV YLU1QWV British Med. J. 1964, I, OEA 1399, 1460

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30. A.IE0NHL ErKYKAOnAI~EIA

EnILTHMHL KAI TEXNOAOrIAL, 1973

31. FABRE & TRIHAUT TIE(:?EAtl'4J£LC; 10;LxOAoyLae;, 1971, OEA 269 - 277

32 .. FAITOT D. 0 aV1Lxanvw1Lx6c; aywvar;. ~Loax10QLxi] HEml o rqv talQLxr), 1980, NavCJ1J

33. FAIVRE G. Kcrtvoc xrn xaQOLOaYY£Lax£<;naBi]oELC; Soins T25 No 11 1980 OEA 13, 18

34. FREOUR P., COUDRAY P., ROUSSEL & S ER IS E XQ6vtE<; BQoYXL nOE<; xnt avanVEUCJ1L x r) a VEna QXE La OUlvnEQ LOxi] rou Mnoovtro J. Med, Bordeaux, 1966, 1430EA 1865 - 1879

35. FREOUR P., COUDRA Y P., FONTAN M. E. H xa1avaAwCJl) xunvcu Avoxotvrocn 1fJe; EHvLxT)C; latQtltllC; AxaOl)IlLac; 1970, 154 DEA 633 - 647

36. FREOUR P., COUDRAY P. 0 xcnvoc, Tl OYJAfJtfJQLaOYJ nrto 10V xnrtvo xnt OL D1JVEnEL£C; tYJC; Bordeaux Medical 1971, T.4 No 10 OEA 2509 - 2582

37. FREOUR P. H Ol)A.Tltl)QLaol) «no 10V xnnvo Gaz. Med. de France, 1979, 86, 36 O£l,. 4245 - 4250

38. FONT AN M.C. H OfjATJU1QlaOTJ uno 10V xcnvo -nQoocpoQu 01:11 Il£AEll) tTIC; 01l) faAALa OE Ilta. ollaoa EvtlALXWV tWV 01J0 (PUAAWV 8EOll, Mnopvtdi, 1968, Of A 104

39. GARNIER M. DELAMARE V. AE~LXO, n:xvLxwV tatQLXWV ooorv, Maloine, Ed. Paris, 1978

40. GAUTERET Tc oLOTJllattxa qxnvouevc Ed. Masson 1975

41. GERBEAUX J OL avunvEU<J1LX£e; na8i]OEtC; lOU naLOLOU E8vtxi] EnL lQoni] Xa1a lWV ClVanVEUOtLXWV na8i]oEwv XClL 1:TJ<; cpUf1.Clt (WOllt;. f UA ALXT) (3t{3ALoyQucpLa, 1981,. naQLoL

42. GRAFFI A., BIELKA nQOBAr)p..ala Tlle; n ELQalla tL x i]~ xaQxlvoAOY Lac; n aQL<Jl 1963

43. GUICHARNAUD J. Kcotvoc xal OTJATltTJQLaoTJ ano tOV xcrtvo. 8EOll Ot6axtoQLxi]~ p..EAEtlle; ¢aQllax£1HLxT)C;, TIuvEnl(HT)IlLO Mrtopvtto, 1981

90

44. GUILLERME R. <PUOTJ xnt 0LOAoYLxa anotEAE<Jf1.U1a 101) xc nvo» cn.o l11V xalJ(JYJ 10"U HHyaQolJ. Les cahiers Chandoz, 1969, OtA 15

45. ANQTEPH En ITPon H MEAETHL KAI nAHPO<POPHLHL riA TON AAKOOAILMO naQLOL

46. HIGGINS (ITT) 0 xanvoc; crto l11V XUUOTJ lOU 10tyUQOU. To. ovcrtvcucrnxri OU)J..J1"[(JJllala xrn OL Lxav01TJ1E<; t~aEQLOIJ.,OlJ Brit. Med. J. 1959, 51, 18 OtA 325 - 387

47. I.N.S.R. LTJ.Il£LWOEL~ tO~LxoAoYLa~ No 4 1975

48. INLTITOYTO GUSTAV E ROUSSY KaQxLvoAoYLa -OL xaQxLvOL 'IOU uv8Qwnov; (PUOTJ, E;EAt;Tl, BEQunEuuxEC; EVO£L;nc; n aQLoL 1962

49. IZARD C. NEuQO'\iJuxoAoyLa xru xcnvo; 1976, Masson Ed. Paris

50. IJARD C., CHOUTEAU 1. 0 xanv6c;,. n yvwQL~w; P.U .F., 1982 flaQlOL

51. JARVIS M. 0 QOAoe; lTlC; VLXOtLVTJC; rrrnv E;aQtTJOll ana rev xnnvo xaL EcpaQlloyi) otnv Entol11~ovLxT) ngooEYYWlll11e; crtoxorI:11t;.

LUOXE~'lll11V Jl.Q<inTl TJIlEQU EnL tTJ~ E;6QtllOTJC; ana 10V xunvo AEX. t 982 IatQLxr) LxoAi] Ilcptot

Kcnvo; xaL YYE(a No 49, 1983 (Exooon TTJC; E8vtx~~ EnLtgonT)c; Xala tllt; D.T]ATJtTJQLaoTJe; uno 10V Kanv6, TIaQLOL) AnoAoYLOlloe; EnL t11t; E;ag1TJOTJC; an6 10V xectvo. EXOOTll<; Robert Molinard, U.E.R. Bto·CalQLxT) lWV Avuov Ilrrteporv, 1983, naQLoL 52. JAKOVSKY A. Kcnvo - flaYEia Ot KatQoL Il aQLm 1962

53. KOUPERNIK C., GUILLERM R., KAUFMANN H. 0 Kcnvoc - qnxnonn- 80AOYLXa nQoBAiHlara xal XALVLXEC; OUV£nElEe; Sandoz, "1969 , No 15, OEA. 80

54. KOURILSKY R., BRILLE D., HATTE J.C. LtatL01Lxr) IlEAEtTl tTJC; OXEOTJ~ xurrvou - XQ6vLac; f>Qoyxinoa<;. ~EA1. EHv. 10.112. Axab. 1966, 150, No 17 - 18, OEA 31.8

55. KOURILSKY R., BRILLE D., HATTE 1. C. <PUOLovollia tTJt; XQOVta e; (3QoyX i 1Lbat; xcro IlLa EntOTJlltOAoytXr) EQEuva nou ty L VE ce 5476 £(lya n:c; 01TJV n £QLOXr) t011 naQLOLou. AEA1. E8v. la1Q. Axuh .. 1966 311 OELgu 150 No 11 - 12 otA 168 -

Kanvtatec

179

56. LAGRUE G., GRILLOT A., MIARA D.

L.Xt1.PCLC; YLU IT]V umHo1;tv{JJoT] orto 10V xurtvo E(PT]Q~O(J!1-EVT] lU1:QLX~ 1980, OfA 10

57. LAMBLING e. H XQOVLU bT]A11tT]QLUoT] nne tOY xonvo: T] (JT]~u(JtU Ev6C; EVOFLX1T] 8tO'T] OLOUxtOQLX~e; !1-EAEtT]C; IutQLxi]e;, n aQLOL 1981

58. ErKYK!\OnAl~EIA AAPOYL, 1976

59. LELLOUCH J. AQ1T]QLaXr) rnron: XU1UVO~~ xru oxtoT] OE ~t(l Err.UYYEA!1-UUXr) o~a6u L\.EA1. INSERM 1967 22 (2) OEA 208

60. LEMAIRE J.F. o, XUtu6tXUO~€VOt 101) lmYU(01) Le Point No 402 2/6/1980

61. LEMAIRE J.F. H OT]AT]lT]QLuOll orto 10V xcnvo P.U.F. Ti yvwQt~W; 1981

62. LEMER, NANDROMME B., LEMER P. <f>uOlonu80Aoytxt<; 0XEOELC; 101' XaJtV01J XUL t ou UAXOOA GEOT] OLOaXtOQLxi]C; ~EAtlT]C; I atQLxT)e;, AlAAT] 1977, (10 BQU~ELo POIJJtEQ Ntq.utgE,1977)

63. LE NET M.

To 1 l!1-T]!J..U tT]C; a v8Qwrr. L VT)e; ~(()T)C;. r UAAl xr) BLBAtoYQacptu No 4455 211 EXOOOT] IOVVLOC; 1979

64. LEVY E., BURGENER M., FAGNANI F., DUMENIL G.

To XOLVWVLX6 xootoc to u xunvou - K 601:0<; l11C; uQQwonue; -2

Ex6. Nmuov, 1977 65 .. LHUISSIER P. EntOT]!1-tOAOYLXTt !1-EAEt11 lOU xcnviouc- 10C; xm lOU UAXOOALO!J.OU L\.tOaXtOQLxT) ~eAtlll I UTQL xr)e;, P tv, 1977

66. MALLET L & Col

M6AllVOT] TOl) ~(()nxou n:eQLBuAAOV10C; uno nOA UBEV~O 'CXOVC; u6Qoyovuv8Quxec; 10l) runou BEV~O -3-4-n:uQTtv1) Exo6oHC; MaAollav t 972

67. MAROON r.c.

MLU 8Egarr.EDOl!J.TI uo8tvnu, 0 xagxLvoc; Ex6. cf>aYLuQvl 1974 68. MASSE L., DAMIANI P., MASSE H ..

Kcctvo; XUL UOllJcpLAiu. nUQ6.yoV[EC; 8vT]Ol~OlT]lUC;. ~EA1. EBv. Intp. Axao. 1974, 158, oeA 354 - 361 69. MATHE G. 0 cp6.XEAoC; xaQxLvol) Exo. L10X 1977 70. OBERLING C. 0 xcpxtvo ; Exo. rAUYL~aQ Il aQioL

71. PAINEAU D.

Ll)~EgLcpoQa nov vtorv EVUH 10l) aBAT]H-

0l1'o"\J, 1011 uAxo6A xaL IOU xcrtvou GtOYI () LOUX 10 Q LX Tt.t; !1-EA€UIC; In 1 QLX i]t;, n aVEnw1i]!1-LO tT]C; I\. lJWV, I 977

72. PARIS F., MOISE H

nEQLAir4JELC; IutQLxolJUALXOU Exb. Masson, Paris, 1978

73. AI MIAHLOYME riA TON KAnNO EX{)OOl1 tT]C; r'aAALXrlt; EnL1Qoni)c; MOQ(pw<JT)e; yLU l1)V Yveto, Il agLOL, 1981 74. PEETERS E.G.

o xaQxL VOC;, LOoAoywp.6C; 1T]C; nQay~unxTt£ YVtilOT]C; lYlC; La 1 g LXi)C; XUL T1]C; B LO AOY Lac; Ex6. Gerard, 1966 BEQBL€Q,. BtAYLO

75. PESTEL M.

Kunvoc; XCU~EOOC; 6Qo£ twr)C; IatQLx6c; runoc, 1971, 79,46

76. PRADALIER A.

H otYl8aYX11 XUt II 8egun£La 111£ Exo. MUAOl)6.V nagLOL, 1973

77. PRETET 5., GAMAIN B.

OL XQOVLEC; aVanVE1)OUXEt; nuBi]oELC; 0 xUQxivoC; 10U rr.VED~OVU E(-)VLXi) ErtL1Qon:Tt XUla tWV aVUJJV£\)(JlLXWV nU8~OE(()V xaL 111C; cpuJ.LatLWoT]C; .. fUAA.LxT) BLBALOYQUCPLU, 1981

78. npOAHnTIKH IATPIKH ErnS. No 21 MuOLoC; 1983 MLU nUQarr.av(() anLu YLU vo x6'-VEl€ to xunvwp.u xaL Eva an01EA€0~unx6 BoT)HT]p.a, oeA 70, 72

79. REID D.O., HOUAND W.N., ROSE G .. A.

Mtn UYYAO - ap.€QtXavLxT) xUQ6LOaYYELUx1) OUyXQLOTJ Lancet 1967,2, oeA 1375

80. RICHARD J.L

I\.Lnt6uLp.La, xunvLop.a Xa.L rr.uxuougxiu ErtL8. A8T]QoOXATtg{JJOT]t;, nUQLOt 1969, 11, 7 t

81. ROBIN E., BING R.J.

EVEQY€La tOU aAx06A, tT]C; VL'){OlLVT)C; X(1L rou XunV01J OtT]V XUQ6LU lutp. xm Yvttc, 1968, 26, OEA 857

82. ROCHEMAURE J., DELEPIERRE F., BIENTZ M.

nuf1oAoyLa IOU xcnvou, H 1€AELOnoLT]oT] 10l) YW1Q01J, Noeu. 1974, No 150

83. SAGAERT L.L.C.

Kcnvor; XaL Knpxtvo; l. -To Orr.LO lT1C; L\. vone;. "0 $uQ!luxonot6c; tYlC; r uAALac;", 1980 - 15: 943 - 947 II. -Na ne8ULvUt; YLU Eva 10LyUgO; "0 $ug!J.axonoLo£ t1)C; rUAALac;" 1980 - 16: 995 - l(X)l II I. - H urt QLXTt JtA 11 QOCPO Qtx1) ornv urr.llQEoLa lWV xcnvtotov. "0 <f>uQ!luxonmOC; tT]C;

91

Kanvurux;

rClAALUe;" 1982 - 18: 1165 ~ 1170 8.YJAll111QLClOll ClJ[O 10V xortvo xm LU1QLXTJ J[A11QOCPOQlx~. E<pTJQr-OO~EV11 lalQlx~, T6r-oC; 10, No IOllALOll - AllY01HJlOll ~ LEJttE~gLOU 1983: 213 ~ 214 Kcnvtouc, EAEU8EQLU i] oXAa0tu; EJtl8. Porphyre, 36, 190, AJtQlALOU 1985 0 JtCl8YJtLx6e; xaJtVWt~C; Le Publicateur Iibre No 1994, A'UY01'010e; 1985

84. SANTE DE L'HOMME (LA) EJtLtI No 200,. NOE. ~ 8.EX. 1975

85. SCHAUENBERGER P., PARIS F.

OOTJy6e; cpaQf1,UXEUtlXwV <pUtwv Ed. Delachaux et Niestle, Paris 1974

86. SCHWARTZ D., ANGUERA G., LENEGREJ.

Kunvoc; XUl UgtTJQLOOXATJQUJOTJ 111e; 01E~ cpavlu(ae; Rev Franc. d'Et. Clin. et Bio, 1961, VI, OEA 645-656

87. S .. E.I.T.A.

H JtugayUJyi] xcrtvou. rEVLX~ 8.lE'OOWOYJ, 'UJ[YJQEOLO 11JJ[Oll, 1980

88. SPAIN D.M., WATMAN OJ.

I.1.Ivr)8ELEe; XanVL0f1.010e; XOL xaQolOno.- 8ELEe; ano tTJV Cl8YJQooxAi]QUJOT[ 1T[t; 01Ecpavla(Ue; A~EQlX. JU1g. • E VUJOT[, 196 1 , 177, OEA 683

89.S0RS, DAUTZENBERG, DURANTE-AU o L t}AuBEQEe; 01.lVEnELEe; 101.1 xnrcvou. "Kcnviouc xat X6'4'l~0 tou xcnvtoun- 10e;" TIag01,o(UOT[: Plato, La Salpetrier, Paris, 1981

90. SOULARD M.e.

E>EUJQT[tlXEe; IlEAtU:e; xat nHQaf,.latLx6. 010lXE(a oe iuc OluCPllllwnxi] erxovc (toly6.Qa BENSON & HEDGES) E>toll lnoax10glxi]C; ~Ef..tlTJC; Yla fQ6.~~U1;a xrn Ko l VUJVlXEC; Ento1TlftEC;, TI uvemo nuuo TIuQw(wv VII, 1975 (3t6p,0l: I XaL II :::; 915 OEA, III = 444 OEA)

91. SUSS R. KUQXLVOe;, nHQa~ala xru LotEe; NEa Y6QxYJ, 1973

92. KAnNOL (ENANTION TOY): MIA BAIIJ\IKH E>EPATIEIA TIEQLOOlX6 YYELac; No 88 AnQLAlOC; 1983

93. KAnNOL KAI NEOI rUAAlX~ EnL"tQonTl M6QcpwOT]C; YLa IT[V YYELU, TIaQLOL, 1982

94. KAnNOL KAI YfEIA.

Opvovo lTJC; E8vLxi]e; EnllQOJt11e; xo.1a tT[t; 8.T[A'r)"tT)QLuOT[t; coro 10 KU1tVI.Op,a., TIUQLOl, 1982

95. KAnNOL KAI CPYL:IOJ\OfIA TOY

92

ANAn N EYITIKOY

E1tl0. "H Yydo. tOU AvHQ(i)Jtou" No 200, Not> 8.EX. 1975, nU~LOl

96.01 NEOI KAI 0 KAnNOI

Exooon fnAALXr)e; E1tL lQonr)e; YLU tT[V M6gcpwoT)

97. THOMERET G.

o xagxLvoc; OtT]V LUtQLXr) nQaxuxi] ExO. Masson 1975

98. TUYNS AJ .. , PEQUINOT G., JENSEN O.M.

o XUQXLVOe; tOU oiooqxrvou ornv IIIe -etVilaine OE ouvuQtT[Ol1P,E to EJtLnEoo XatUVUAwOT]t; aAx06A xut xcnvou. Ktvouvot rto u noAAanAaoLu~OVtaL. ~EA1LO XUQXLVOU, 1977, t. 64, Nol, OEA 45 - 60

99. V ALORY F. KOVLOXOe; 0 <pEAWOTJe; XUt xanv6e;. K E:vtQo 0 uo LonuHT]tL x11 C; fUAALae;, TIaQLOL, 1978

100. VAN OEBELULQUE - OURETZ Knnvoc, uAxo6A xru EXJtULOE'UOT) 0111V Yvstn eE:011 oLOaXtoQLxi]C; ~EAtlT)e; IatQlxr)c;,. nOVEn. ALAT)C;, 1977

101. VOCHELLE J., FAURE J. o. EXtlQOL tT[C; XUAALEQYElae; Eyx1.IxAonatoEla aYQotLxi]C; YVWOT[e;, Exo. Hachette, TIaQLol. 1969

102. VOISIN C., TONNEL A.B., AERTS C., WATTEL F.

o p,axQocpayoc; tWV X1J1.VEALOOJV, 0 QOAOe; lOU ornv 6:p,wa tou rrveuuovrxo» 1.010lJ x u to. tTJC; .f1.6 A UVOT)e;. 8. EA 1 LO uvnrrv E'Uonxi]e; qmoLOna8oAoYLac; 1971, 7, OEA 775 - 808

103. WILKINSON J.

H xo.lcIX1110T) tau XUQXLV01.l. J\OVOLVO 1973

104. WILSON 1., MATTHEWS D.M.

M£ta(3oAlx~ oxtOT] uvap,Eon (no 8uoxucvto xal lTJBL tap,L VT] B 12 OE xcnvialtc; xutr-T) X(lJ[VLOtfC; KALV. Emorrum, 1966, 31, DEA 1-7

105. ZIVY P. er Col

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