Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning Systems
 USES OF REFRIGERATION
AND AC PLANTS
 Cooling of stores and cargo
 Cooling of electronic spaces and equipment
– CIC
– Radio
– Radars
 Cooling of magazines
 AC for crew comfort
 DEFINITIONS
 Specific Heat
 Sensible Heat
 Latent Heat of Fusion
 Latent Heat of Vaporization
Refrigeration Cycle

Compression
Condensation
Expansion
Evaporation
VAPOR-COMPRESSION
CYCLE
 PARTS OF THE
REFRIGERATION PLANT
 REFRIGERANT
 Must have the following properties
– High latent heat of vaporization
– Non-toxicity
– Desirable saturation temperature
– Stability
– Ease of leak detection
– Low cost
– Readily available
 R-12, R-114, R-134A
 RECEIVER
 Temporary storage space and surge tank for
the sub-cooled refrigerant
 Serves as a vapor seal to prevent vapor
from entering the expansion valve
 EVAPORATOR
 Indirect heat exchanger where refrigerant
absorbs heat from the substance to be
cooled
 COMPRESSOR
 Mechanical work is expended by taking the
low pressure, low temperature vapor
refrigerant and turning it into high pressure,
high temperature vapor
 CONDENSER
 An indirect heat exchanger in which the
refrigerant rejects heat to a cooling medium
such as air or water (fresh or sea)
TYPES OF AC SYSTEMS
R-12 REFRGERATION SYSTEM
 REFRIGERANT
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
 Similar to the vapor-compression
refrigeration plants
 Hot, moist air from the space is drawn
through a duct and passed over an
evaporator
 Cool dry air is returned by fan
 CHILLED WATER
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
 Water is cooled in the evaporator of a
refrigeration system and circulated
throughout the ship
 Cooling coils located in vent ducts
 Allows for refrigeration equipment to be
centrally located
– Good for leak isolation
 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 Phosgene gas
– Created when refrigerant is exposed to high
temperatures
 Asphyxiation Hazard
 Typically under high pressure
 Handling
– Wear goggle and gloves