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Digital Fundamentals
Digital Fundamentals
Digital Fundamentals
CHAPTER 1
Digital Concepts
Slide 1
1.1 Digital and Analog Quantities
Slide 2
Digital and Analog Quantities (cont…)
Slide 3
Digital and Analog Quantities (cont…)
Slide 4
1.2 Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
Slide 5
Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
(cont…)
Slide 6
Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
(cont….)
Slide 7
Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
(cont….)
Slide 8
Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
(cont….)
• tw = pulse width
• T = period of the waveform
• f = frequency of the waveform
1
f
T
Slide 9
Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
(cont….)
Slide 10
1.3 Basic Logic Operations
Slide 11
Basic Logic Operations (cont….)
Slide 12
Basic Logic Operations (cont….)
Slide 13
Basic Logic Operations (cont….)
• The OR operation
– When any input is
HIGH, the output is
HIGH
– When both inputs are
LOW, the output is LOW
Slide 14
Overview of Basic Logic Functions (cont….)
• Comparison function
• Code conversion function
• Arithmetic functions
• Encoding function
• Decoding function
• Data selection function
• Data storage function
• Counting function
Slide 15
Overview of Basic Logic Functions (cont….)
Comparison function
• Compares two binary values and
determines whether or not they are
equal
Slide 16
Overview of Basic Logic Functions (cont….)
Arithmetic functions
• Perform the basic arithmetic
operations on two binary values:
– Addition
– Subtraction of two values
– Multiplication
– Division
Slide 17
Overview of Basic Logic Functions (cont….)
Encoding function
• Converts non-binary information
into a binary code
Decoding function
• Converts binary-coded information
into a non-binary form
Slide 18
Overview of Basic Logic Functions (cont….)
Slide 19
Overview of Basic Logic Functions (cont….)
Slide 20
Overview of Basic Logic Functions (cont….)
Counting function
• Generates sequences of digital
pulse that represent numbers
Slide 21
1.4 Fixed-Function Integrated Circuits
IC package styles
• Dual in-line package (DIP)
• Small-outline IC (SOIC)
• Flat pack (FP)
• Plastic-leaded chip carrier (PLCC)
• Leadless-ceramic chip carrier (LCCC)
Slide 22
Fixed-Function Integrated Circuits (cont….)
Slide 23
Fixed-Function Integrated Circuits (cont….)
• Small-outline IC (SOIC)
Slide 24
Fixed-Function Integrated Circuits (cont….)
Slide 25
Fixed-Function Integrated Circuits (cont….)
Slide 26
Fixed-Function Integrated Circuits (cont….)
Slide 27
1.5 Test and Measurement Instruments
• Analog Oscilloscope
• Digital Oscilloscope
• Logic Analyzer
• Logic Probe, Pulser, and Current
Probe
• DC Power Supply
• Function Generator
• Digital Multimeter
Slide 28