eo
`-c-W-{I-a-ßfpw BtKmf]cn-]m-e-\-hpw
Kv Hm^v \mj≥kpw ]p-
d-s
- I h∂ sFIy-cm-jv{S- k-`b
ÿm]n-°-s∏-´Xv BtKm-f-P-\-X-
bpsS kam-[m-\hpw kl-h¿Øn-
Xz-hpw kpc-£bpw a\p-jym-h-
Im-i kwc-£W - hpw e£yw sh-
®m-bn-cp-∂p. kXy-Øn-¬ AXm-
Wt√m BtKmf ]cn-]m--e-\w.
F∂m¬ \ne-hnse temI `c-
W-{I-asØ aq∂v kw`-h-ß-sf
A]-{K-Yn-°pI hgn Fßs\
\oßp-∂p-sh∂v {Kln-°m-\m-Ipw.
H∂m-a-tØ-Xv: 2001 k]vXw-
_¿ ]Xn-s\m-∂nse temI hym-
]m--ctI{µw B{I-a-Ww. GXm-
≠v Hcp ]Xn-‰m≠v Imew temI-
sØ _m[n® Hcp kw`-hw. F-
√mw s]s´-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Szn≥ Sh-
dp-I
- ƒ- B{I-an-°s - ∏-´Xns‚ hm¿-
Ø-Iƒ temI-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ ]e-
hpcp BtLm-jn-°-s∏-´p. temI
cmjv{S-߃ apgp-h≥ kw`-h-
sØ A]-e] - n-®p. AtXm-sSm-∏w
as‰mcp {]Nm-c-theIqSn tem-I-
Øv Ac-ßp-X-I¿Øp. tem-Iw
ap--gp-h≥ `oI-c-hmZw F∂ t]cn-
¬ Hcp alm-amcn IS-∂p-hc
sW-∂ - pw AXn¬\n∂vtemI-sØ
- n-Ib - m-
c£n-°m-\p≈ GI]cn-lm-- cw
DS≥ Xs∂ A^vKm-\n-te-°v tk-
\-sb Ab-°-em-sW-∂pw.
s]mSp-∂s\ A^vKm-\n-ÿm-
≥ B{I-an-°-s∏-´p, ]n∂m-se
Cdm-Jpw. t\m°q, Szn≥S-h¿
B{I- - a - W - Ø n¬ ap∆m- b ncw
t]cmWv sIm√-s∏-´-Xv. Ah¿°v
th≠n \msa-√mw IÆo-scm-gp-°n.
F∂m¬ Ct∏mgpw A^vKm-\n-
epw Cdm-Jnepw Bbn-c° - W - ° - n-
\v t]¿ sIm√-s∏-Sp∂p, Zi-e-£-
°-W-°n\v t]¿°v ]cn-t°‰p.
F∂n-´pw bp≤w XpS-cpI Xs∂-
bm-W.v
kXy-Øn¬ k]vXw-_¿ ]Xn-
s\m∂v B{I-aW - Ø - ns‚ ]n∂m-
ºp-d-߃ tXSp-tºmƒ aq∂v
ho£-W-tIm-Wp-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
1˛ C{Xbpw hyh-ÿm-]n-Xa- mb
Hcm-{I-aWw \S-Øm≥ i-‡hpw
Ata-cn-°≥ cl-kym-t\z-jW - h
`m-KØns‚ apgp-h≥ tI{µ-ß-
sfbpw hnP-b-I-c-ambn IS-∂p-I-
b-dm≥ ]‰nbXpamb Hcp `oI-c-
hn-`m-K-Ønt\ Ign-bq. Ata-cn-
°≥ h‡m-°ƒ Xs∂ \¬-
Inb ÿnco-Ic - W - a- m-Wn-Xv.
2˛ bp.-Fk - v.- `-cW - I- q-SØ
- nse
Xs∂ Hcp hn`mKw XI¿∂p-sIm-
- pw ≠n-cn-°p∂ Ata-cn-°≥ kmº-
ØnI hyh-ÿn-Xnsb ]p\-cp-÷o-
hn-∏n-°m\pw AXp-hgn at[y-jy-
bnse kb-WnÃv `c-W-Iq-SsØ
c£n-°m\pw th≠n B{I-aWw
Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp. Ata-cn-
°≥ P\-X-bnse _lp-`q-cn-
]£w t]cpw a‰p cmjv{S-Ønse
P\-ßfpw cmjv{So-b° - mcpw ]¶p-
sh-°p∂ A`n-{]-bm-KX - n-bm-Wn-Xv.
3˛B{I-aWw \S-Øn-bXv Hcp
`oI-ch- n-`mKw Xs∂. ]t£ B{I-
a-WsØ Ata-cn° ]n¥p-W° - p-
Ibpw kµ¿`w apX-se-Sp-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu hmZ-KX
]n¥p-W-°p-∂-hcpw Ipd-h-√.
- nsb
kw`-h-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-I-
fmbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂Xv I\Ø
\mi-\-jvS-߃°n-S-bn¬ \n∂v
e`y-amb Ipd®v ]mkvt]m¿´p-
Ifpw Fhn-sS-bmWv kztZ-i-sa-∂-
dnbm-Ø Hcp hy‡n-bpsS hoUn-
tbm ¢n∏nwKpw am{X-am-Wv. CXv
{]Xn-If - p-sS-Xm-sW∂pw Ch¿°v
Nne Ata-cn-°≥ Hmbn¬ DtZym-
K-ÿc - p-ambpw _‘-aps≠∂pw
{]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´p. am{X-hp-a-√,
B{I-an® hy‡n-I-fpsS PU-
߃ I\Ø Xobpw kvt^mS-
\hpw aqew Is≠-Ø-s∏-´n-s√-
∂pw hni-Zo-Ic - W
- a- p-≠m-bn. D-Ø-
cw In´mØ Nne tNmZy-߃
ChnsS Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p.
1˛B{I-aWw \S-∂DSs\ Hcp
kzX{¥ At\z- j W GP≥-
knsb sIm≠v At\z-jWw \S-
Øp- I bpw AXn\p tijw
Ah¿s°-Xnscbp≈ \o°-߃
XpSßp-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂nt√ bp‡n-
bpw kXy-k-‘Xbpw.
2-˛Ata-cn-°≥ `mjy-{]-Imcw
B{I-aWw \S-Ønb Hcp `oIc
hn`m-KsØ ssIImcyw sNøm≥
Hcp BtKm-f-bp≤w AXpw tem-
I-hym-]-I-amb ssk\n-I-hn-\ymkw
hgn kwL-Sn-∏n-®Xv bp‡n°v
\nc-°p-∂-XmtWm?
3-˛\m\q-tdmfw \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf
- n- sIms∂m-Sp-°nb dn§n `oIc
kwLsØ Cdm≥ ssIImcyw
sNbvX coXn A\p-h¿Øn-°m-am-
bncp-∂nt√? Cdm-s‚ B Hm∏-td-
j-\n¬ Hcp \nc-]-cm-[n t]mepw
in£n- ° - s ∏- ´ n√ F∂- X mWv
bmYm¿∞yw. sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-
Hcp kzX-{¥ At\z-jW GP≥-
knsb \ntbm-Kn-°p-sa∂pw k]v-
Xw-_¿ ]Xn-s\m-∂ns‚ bmYm-
¿∞yw ]pdØv sIm≠p-h-cp-sa-
∂pw {]Xym-in-°p-∂p.
ASpØ h¿jw Cdm≥ C-
kvem-anIv dn∏-ªnIv `oI-c-X-sb-Ip-
dn®pw `oI-c-Xsb Xncn-®-dn-bm-
\p≈ D]m-[n-Isf Ipdn®pw Hcp
hnim- e - a mb ]T- \ - s k- a n- \ m¿
kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-hn-hcw IqSn
Rm\n-hnsS {]Jym-]n-°-s´. D-
tZym-K- ÿ
- ¿,-]W
- vUn-X∑ - m¿,-Nn-¥I - -
¿,- K-th-j-I¿,- K-thjW ÿm]-
s]m≈p∂ kXy-߃; s]-m-fn-bp∂ hmZ-߃
AlvaZv \PmZv
hnh: imlnZv Xncp-h≈
- q¿
Szn≥S-h¿ B{I--a-W-Øn¬ ap∆m-bncw t]cmWv
sIm√-s∏-´-Xv. Ah¿°vth≠n \msa-√mw IÆo-scm-gp-
°n. F∂m¬ Ct∏mgpw A^vKm-\n-epw Cdm-Jnepw
Bbn-c-°-W-°n-\v t]¿ sIm√-s∏-Sp∂p, Zi-e-£-°-
W-°n\v t]-¿°v ]cn-t°‰p. F∂n-´pw
bp≤w XpS-cpI Xs∂-bm-Wv.
\-߃ F√m-h-scbpw Rm≥ B
ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥
lm¿±--ambn £Wn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
^e-kvXo≥ {]iv\-amWv c≠m-
a-tØ-Xv: ^e-kvXo-\nse ASn-®-
a¿Ø-s∏´ P\-hn-`m-Kß - ƒ Bdp-
]-Xn-‰m-≠mbn A[n-\n-th-it- k-\-
bpsS tXm°n≥ Ipg-en¬ Pohn-
°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS kzmX-{¥yhpw
kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw kzbw Xocp-am-
\-sa-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw
\ntj-[n-°s - ∏-Sp-tºmgpw A[n-\n-
thi tk\°v ho≠pw ho≠pw
AwKo-Imcw \¬Is∏-Sp-∂p. `-
£--Whpw sh≈hpw acp∂pw
e`n--°msX kz¥w aÆn¬ Zn-
t\s\ XI¿°-s∏-Sp∂ hoSp-Iƒ-
°v ap∂n¬, Poh-lm\n t\cn-Sp∂
]n©p-In-Sm-߃°p ap∂n-¬
Ah¿ PohnXw \bn-°p-∂p. k¿∆-
k-∂m-lßtfmSpw IqSn A©v
bp≤-ßf - mWv kb-WnÃv In¶-c-
∑m¿ Ab¬cm-Py-߃°v t\sc-
bpw ^e-kvXo≥ aÆn\v t\sc-
bpw \S-Øn-b-Xv.
Kmk-°pw e_-\m-\n∂p-sa-
Xnsc kb-WnÃv In¶-c-∑m¿ \S-
Ønb bp≤-Øn¬ sNbvXp-Iq-
´nb {Iqc-X-Iƒ AXy¥w `oXnZ-
am-Wv.C{k-tb¬ CubnsS \S-
Ønb {^oUw ^vtfm´ne B{I-
aWw A¥m- c mjv { S cwKsØ
k¿∆acym- Z - I fpw ewLn- ° p-
∂Xpw knhn-en-b≥amsc sIm-
s∂m--Sp-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Nne ]Sn-™m-d≥ cmjv{S-ß-
fpsS lp¶n¬ aXn-a-d-∂-l-¶-cn-
°p∂ Cu `c-W-IqSw {]tZ-i-
sØ a‰p-cm-Py-ßsf `oj-Wn-s∏-
2 {]Xn-tcm-[-hp-am-WXv. BWh
Sp-Øp-Ibpw ^e-kvXo≥ t\Xm-
°sf ]c-ky-ambn sIme-s∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬
adp-h-iØv, CXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-
°p∂ {]Xn-tcm[ tk\sb `oI-
c- s c∂pw skan- ‰ n°v hncp- ≤ -
sc∂pw ap{Z-IpØn aqe-°n-cp-Øp-
∂p. bqtdm-∏n-s‚bpw Ata-cn-°-
bp-sSbpw k¿∆-hn[ \oXn-t_m-
[hpw Bhn-jvImc kzmX-{¥yhpw
kb- W n- Ã v ]mZ- t k- h - b psS
BƒØm-c°v ap∂n¬ _en-I-gn-
°s∏Sp-∂p. ]cn-lm-c-ßfpsS
KXn ]cm-Pbw Xs∂-bm-hm≥ Im-
cWw ^e-kvXo-\n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-
i-߃°v C\nbpw hne-\¬I-s∏-
Sm-Ø-Xm-Wv. A[n-\n-th-i-Øn\p
\ymbo-I-cWw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v
]Icw ^e-kvXo≥ P\-X-bpsS
]c-am-[n-Im-cm-h-Imiw AwKo-I-
cn®p \¬Ip-∂Xv \mw sNøp∂
henb ]mX-I-amtWm? at[y-jy-
bnse kam-[m-\- kwÿm-]-\-
Øn¬ \ΩpsS hy‡-amb t^m¿-
ape CXm-Wv. ^e-kvXo\o A`-
bm¿∞n-Isf amXr-cm-Py-tØ°v
Xncn-®p-t]m-Im≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I,
^e-kvXo\o P\-Xsb Bcv `cn-°-
W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-°m≥ tij-a-
h¿ P\m- [ n- ] - X y- { ]- { In- b - b n¬
]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-Ibpw GXv coXn-
bn¬ `cWw apt∂m´v t]mI-W-
sa∂v Ah¿Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n-°p-
Ibpw sNø-s´.
BW-thm¿÷h-hp-ambn _-
‘-s∏´ {]Xn-k‘ - n-bm-Wv aq∂m-
a- t- ØXv. BW-thm¿÷w ip≤-
hpw hne-Ip-d-™Xpw Aaq-ey-hp-
amb Hcp D]-lm-c-am-Wv. t^m-
kn¬ C‘-\-ßfpsS h¿[n-®p-h-
cp∂ amen-\y-ß-fn¬ \n∂v c£-
t\-Sm-\p≈ _Z-ep-I-fn¬ anI®
\n¿hym-]\ Icm¿ AwK-cm-jv{S-
ßsf BW-thm¿÷w ]cn-[n-bn-
√msX D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ A\p-h-
Zn-°p-Ibpw temI BW-
thm¿÷ GP≥kn Xß-fpsS
AwK-cm-jv{S-߃°v AXn-\p≈
kmt¶-Xn-Ihpw \nb-a-]-c-hp-amb
]n≥_ew {][m\w sNøp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬ AWzm-bp[w
temIsØ G‰hpw \nIr-jvS-
amb Bbp-[-am-Wv. AXv ]q¿Æ-
ambpw XpS-®p-\o-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-
am-Wv. BW-h\ - n¿hym-]\ Icm¿
AXv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw AXv
tiJ-cn-°p-∂Xpw hym]n-∏n-°p-
∂Xpw hne-°p-Ibpw BWh
\ncm-bp-[o-I-c-W-Øn\v th≠n
t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
F∂m¬ kpc£m kan-Xn-
bnse Nne ÿncmw- K - ß fpw
BW--h-cm-jv{S-ßfpw sNøp-∂-
tXm? Ah¿ BW-thm¿-÷sØ
BW-hm-bp-[-hp-ambn Iq´n-°-
e¿Øp-Ibpw AXp-hgn BW-
thm¿÷w a‰p- c m- P y- ß ƒ- ° v
FØn-∏n-Sn-°m-hp-∂-Xn-e-∏p-d-hp-
am-°nØo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
temI BW-thm¿÷ GP≥kn-
bn¬ kΩ¿±w sNepØn CXv
hgn Ah¿ Cu cwKØv IpØ-I-
Isf ÿm]n-°p-I-bm-Wv. AtX
kabw Xs∂ Xß-fpsS BW-
hm-bp[ tiJ-c-ßsf Ah¿ ]c-
am-h[n ho¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. BWh \ncm-bp-[o-I-cWw
am{X-a-√ km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-tS-
≠-Xv; BWh t_mw_p-Iƒ
IqSn \n¿hym-]\w sNø-s∏-tS-≠-
Xp-≠v. hnin-jym kb-WnÃv `c-
W-Iq-SØ - n¬ \n∂v.
2011 s\ BWh \ncm-bp-[o-I-
c-W-Øns‚ h¿j-ambn BN-cn-
°m≥ Rm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p.
BW-thm¿÷w F√m-h¿°pw;
BW-hm-bp[w B¿°pw th≠,
CXm-bn-cn-°Ww \ΩpsS ap{Zm-hm-
Iyw. F∂m¬ Ahiy L´-ß-fn-
se√mw sFIy-cmjv{S k`bv°v
^e-{]-Z-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp-
°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. Zu¿`m-Ky-I-c-
sa∂p ]d-b-s´, kam-[m-\-kw-
kvIm-cØ - n\p th≠n {]Jym-]n-°-
s∏´ AtX ]Xn-‰m-≠n¬ Xs∂
Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v P∑-߃ ]e-
PmXn A[n-\n-th-iß - ƒ hgnbpw
B{I-a-W-bp-≤-߃ hgnbpw
sIme-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ak-am-
[m--\hpw i{Xp-Xbpw s]cp-Ip-I-
bpw sNøp-∂p.
CubnsS Jp¿-B≥ IØn-°¬
F∂ ss]im-Nn-Ihpw AXy¥w
hrØn-sI-´-Xp-amb Hcp {]hr-
Øn°v temIw km£yw hln-®p.
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ssZhnI {KŸ-
am-Wv. apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS
A\-iz-c-amb Aam-\p-jn-I-X-bp-
am-W-Xv. GI-ssZ-h-Xzw, \oXn,
kvt\-lw, ]ptcm-K-Xn, hnI-k-\w,
Nn¥ XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-W-Xns‚
Z¿i-\-߃. ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-´-
h¿°v th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw
A[n-\n-th-i-Im-cn-Isf FXn-
¿°p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p AXv .
ap≥Ime {]hm-N-I-cmb \plv,-C-
_vdm-low,-C-kvlm-Jv,-bq-kp-^v,-aq-
k,-tb-ip (-A) XpS-ßn-b-hsc
AXv _lp-am-\] - q¿∆w kvacn-°p-
Ibpw Ahsc AwKo-I-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu s]m≈p∂
kXy-ßs - f-bm-Wh- ¿ IØn-®X - v.
F∂m¬ Adn-bp-I, kXy-Øn\v
Hcn-°epw s]m≈-te¬°n-√.
AXv \ne-\n¬°pw. Jp¿-B≥
imiz-X-am-Wv. kXyhpw.-cm-jv{S-
߃°n- S - b n¬ hn`- P - \ - ß ƒ
h¿[n-∏n-°p∂ CØcw \ne-]m-Sp-
Iƒ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-am-Wv. R߃
CXns\-Xn-sc-bp≈ (ss_-_nƒ
IØn-°¬) ss]im-NnI {]h-¿-
Ø-\ß - f - n¬ \n∂v _p≤n-]c - a- mbn
Hgn™p \n¬°p-∂p. Cdm-\nse
P\-ßfpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-sb-t∂m-
Ww Rm≥ ]d-b-s´, k¿∆ ssZ-
hnI {KŸ-ß-sfbpw Rm≥ _--
lp--am-\n-°p-∂p. CXv Jp¿-B-\m-
Wv. at‰Xv ss__n-fm-Wv. c-≠n-
s\bpw Rm≥ _lp-am-\n-°p-∂p.
(XpS-cpw)