Vaccination, Immunisation

(Tibor BAŠKA, M.D., PhD.)

 
Immunisation represents one of the ways to increase the resistance against communicable
diseases
 
Resistance:
1. non-specific (hardiness, diet, life-style)
2. specific:
a. passive:
i. natural (maternal antibodies, IgG received via breast feeding)
ii. artificial (passive immunisation)
b. active:
i. natural (after the communicable disease)
ii. artificial (active immunisation)
 
 
Passive immunisation
is defined as direct introduction of antibodies, which are immediately ready to play an anti-
infectious role in the receiving (non-immune) individual.
 
Hetrologous globulins - taken from animal serum
 Antidiphteric globulin - in suspicion of diphteria
- dosage: 5 000 - 20 000 IU
- effective antibiotics (e.g. penicillin) are usually administered concurrently
 Antibotulinic globulin - in occurrence of the first signs of the disease
- dosage: 10 000 IU (type A), 5 000 IU (type B)
 Antigangrenous globulin - in deep traumatic wound in suspicion of contamination of
Clostridium perfringens (clostridial myonecrosis - gas gangrene)
-dosage: 5 000 - 10 000 IU
 Antistaphylococcic globulin - in severe staphylococcic infections
 Antirabic serum - 120 IU neutralisation antibodies in 1 ml
- dosage: 40 IU x body weight (kg)
- within 72 hours after exposition (e.g. biting); Active immunisation is also required