Precipitating Factors:

 Smoking 3 sticks of cigarettes per day for

Predisposing Factor:
almost 2 years
C  Age of Baby Boy X’s  Drinking alcoholic beverages
mother: 17 years old  Poor prenatal check-up
 Maternal stress

Due to maternal stress HPA (Hypothalamus-Pituitary-

Adrenal Axis) become activated

Corticotropin releasing hormone is being released by

adrenal glands

Increased prostaglandin Increased levels of

availability in utero-placental dehydroepiandrosterone
tisues (DHEA)

Uterine contraction Stimulation and activation of cervical and abdominal

and spotting of blood contraction

Labor begin

First Stage of Labor

Latent Phase (Dilatation and
 20 – 40 seconds contraction Signs and Symptoms of Prematurity:
Effacement)
 0 – 3 cm cervical dilatation  Weight: 1,450 grams
that lasts for 6 hours in  Appearance: thin, smooth, shiny
nullipara skin with wrinkled features
 Jaundice
Active Phase  Presence of lanugo all over the
 40 – 6o seconds contraction body
 4 – 7 cm cervical dilatation  Soft pliable-ear cartilage
that last for 3 hours in  Minimal creases in the soles and
nullipara palms
 Few scrotal rugae
Transition Phase Second Stage of
 Every 2-3 minutes of Labor
contraction every 60 – 90 (Delivery of the Baby)
seconds  AOG – 34-35
 8 – 10 cm maximum cervix weeks
dilatation

Third Stage of Labor

(Delivery of the Placenta)

PRETERM BIRTH