`mKw: H¶v

sI.sI.]n. A_vZpÃ
PamAs¯ Ckvemanbpw ioCukhpw X½n bmsXmê _ÔhpansÃìw tIcf¯nse Nne
apPmlnZpIÄ¡ÃmsX ]pdwtemIs¯ ke^nIÄ¡mÀçw C§s\ Hê hmZansÃìw PamA¯pImÀ
\nc´cw ]dbp¶Xv (2008 \hw_À 28 {]t_m[\w) X§Äs¡Xnsc hê¶ Xo{hhmZ¯nsâ
Btcm]W§Ä hgn Xncn¨phnSphmëÅ X{´§fn Hì am{XamWv. {]t_m[\hpw PamA¯pImêw
BhÀ¯n¨p \ntj[n¨psIm−ncnç¶ ioCu _Ôw Ffp¸¯n sXfnbn¡m³ Ignbpw.
PqXæSne_p²n t]dn apkvenambn A`n\bn¨v ioCuk¯n\v P·w \ÂInbXv A_vZpÃmln_vë k_Av
F¶ PqX\mW¶ Imcyw Ncn{X kXyamWtÃm? CkvemanI temI¯pw apkvenwIÄ¡nSbnepw BZÀi
hyXnbm\hpw Bibçg¸hpw krjvSn¨v kwL«\¯nteçw Iem]§fnteçw apkvenwIsf
FSps¯dnbmëw k_C\v km[n¨nêì. apkvenwIsf ]e hn`mK§fmç¶Xnepw ]ckv]cw
t]mcSn¸nç¶Xnepw CbmfpsS _p²nçÅ ]¦v Ncn{Xw AÂ`pX ]qÀhw AhXcn¸n¨n«p−v. ioCuIÄ
Xs¶ [mcmfw hn`mK§fpw {Kq¸pIfpambn amdn. JhmcnPv, dm^nfn, Zkqcn, ësskzcn, Ckv\mAicn,
^m¯nan, Ckvambneo C§s\ [mcmfw hn`mK§fpw Ahm´c hn`mK§fpambn cq]s¸«p. F¦nepw
lm¡nan¿¯v klm_m\nμ, XIzveoZv, Caman¿¯v XpS§nb hnjb§fn Cu {]Øm\§sfÃmw
s]mXpkz`mhw sh¨p ]peÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXp. PamAs¯ Ckveman tIcf¯n\v
]cnNbs¸Sp¯ns¡mSp¯ Jpssa\n, Aen icoA¯n t]mepÅ ioCu t\Xm¡Ä hnip² IzpÀB\nÂ
t]mepw kwibw P\n¸n¨hcmWv. hnjen]vXamb CkvemanI hnê² ^XvhIfm ChÀ apkvenw
temI¯v æ{]kn²n t\Snbn«pap−v. Pn_vcoen\v Bfv amdnbXv ImcWamWv \_n (kz) ¡v ë_pƯv
e`n¨sXìw Aen (d) hn\v ë_pƯv e`n¡msX t]mbsXìw ChÀ Btcm]nçì. A_q_¡À (d) Dw
DaÀ (d) Dw DYam³ (d) Dw IzpÀB\n ssIIS¯nbnêìsh¶mWv asämê Btcm]Ww. ]qÀWhpw
If¦hpanÃm¯ IzpÀB³ BImi temI¯v Ct¸mgpÅ hcm\ncnç¶ hmKvZ¯ Camw
sIm−phêsa¶mWv ChÀ PÂ]nç¶Xv. Cu ioCuks¯, AhêsS t\Xm¡sf IehdbnÃmsX
PamAs¯ Ckveman ]et¸mgpw {]iwknçIbpw Ahsc aebmfnIÄ¡v ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pIbpw
sN¿pì.
ioCukhpw PamA¯pw X½nepÅ _Ôw tIhew km{amPyXz hnê² cmjv{Sob \b§fnepÅtXm
am[ya _Ôtam kmlnXy kulrZ_Ôtam DÅXÃ. adn¨v amXr]nXr_ÔamWv. JhmcnPpIfneqsS
PamA¯n ioCukw ISìhì.
inbm¡fpsS hnizmk§fpw Bib§fpw PamAs¯ Ckvemanbn th−pthmfw ISìIqSnbn«p−v.
kÀÆXekv]Àinbmb AhêsS kwLS\m _Ô¯nte¡v \½psS At\zjWs¯ \oXn]qÀÆhpw
kXykÔhpambn sIm−psNÃm³ N¦qäw ImWn¨m Ah X½nepÅ _Ô hyàamhpw.
auZqZnsbbpw auZqZnks¯bpw ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶ sF.]n.F¨v. Cd¡nb ssiJv apl½Zv Imcç¶nsâ
"PamAs¯ Ckveman eLp]cnNbw' F¶ IrXnbn auZqZnbpsS kmlnXy {]thi\s¯¸än
]dbp¶Xn{]ImcamWv.

‘1920þ28 Ime¯v k¿nZv auZqZn \mep ]pkvXI§Ä DdpZphnte¡v ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯n. aqs¶®w Cw¥ojnÂ
\nìw H¶v Ad_nbn \nìw. Cdm\o Nn´I\mb kzZvdp±o³ apl½Zv iodmknbpsS Akv^mdpÂ
AÀ_:A F¶ X¯zimkv{X {KÙamWv Ad_nbn \n¶v ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nbXv. aphmbnct¯mfw
t]PpÅ \mep hmfy¯nepÅ IrXnbmWv auZqZn samgnamäw \S¯nbXv.’ (t]Pv 27 1996 FUnj³)
auZqZn¡v kmlnXy temI¯nteçÅ PmeIw Cdm\o ioCuNn´I\mb iodmknbpsS IrXnbmWv. Cu
IrXn `mjm kmlnXyIrXnbÃ. adn¨v XXzimkv{X {KÙamWv. ioCukamWv, ioCu
hnizmkmNmc§fmWv, AhêsS ^ntemk^nbmWv CXv. hmbn¨v ]Tn¨v auZqZn C´ybnte¡v
IS¯nsIm−phcnIbmbnêì. ioCu Bibw ChnsS {]Ncn¸nt¡− F´v BhiyamWv
auZqZnçÅXv? auZqZnbpsS cà_Ôwt]mepw ioCuk¯nte¡v \ofp¶Xv IqSn ChnsS {]tXyIw
]cmaÀiw AÀlnçì.
Jpssa\n Cdm\n \S¯nb hn¹hs¯¸än auZqZn ]dbp¶Xv IméI:
"Jpssa\nbpsS hn¹hw XnI¨pw CkvemanI hn¹hamWv. CkvemanI {]Øm\¯neqsS in£Ww t\Snb
HcnkvemanI kaqlamWv AXv km[n¨Xv. AXn\m apkvenwIÄ s]mXphnepw CkvemanI kwLS\IÄ
hntijn¨pw FÃm cwK¯pw FÃm hn[¯nepw Cu hn¹hs¯ ]n´pW¡mëw AXnt\mSv klIcn¡mëw
ISs¸«ncnçì.’ (CkvemanI Kh¬aâv t]Pv 49, aPïp±Avh: e¡w 29 1979 BKÌv)
Jpssa\n Cdm\n Øm]n¨ Kh¬saâns\ CkvemanI Kh¬sasâ¶v hnfn¡m³ Alvepkp¶¯nsâ
AIzoZ kzoIcnç¶hÀ¡v km[nçIbnÃ. km{amPyXzhnê² tNcnbn Jpssa\n apXepÅhêw Cdmëw
\nesImÅpì F¶Xn\m cmjv{Sobamb Hê ]n´pW am{Xaà auZqZnbpw PamA¯pw {]Jym]nç¶Xv,
sh\nkzne³ {]knU−v Nmthknt\mSpÅ tIhew cmjv{Sobamb CjvShpw ]n´pWbpw P\m[n]Xy
t_m[apÅ aq¶mw temI cmPy§fn A´Àeo\ambncnçw. F¶m AXn\¸pdw Cdmt\mSpw
ioCukt¯mSpw AhêsS t\Xm¡tfmSpsaÃmw PamAs¯ Ckveman sh¨p]peÀ¯p¶ _Ôw
BZÀi]chpw kwLS\m]chpamsW¶v ASp¯ GXmëw hcnIfneqsS a\Ênem¡mw.
"apl½Zv dnfmjm]lvehnbpsS bm¦nþkbWnÌv tXÀhmgvNs¡Xnsc P\Iob hn¹hw \S¯n CkvemanI
[mÀanI aqey§fne[njvTnXamb Hê `cWIqSw Jpssa\n Cdm\n Øm]n¨p F\XmWv At±l¯nsâ
{]tXyIX.’ (Ckvemw CkvemanI {]Øm\w. tNmZy§Ä¡v adp]Sn. H. A_vZpdlnam³ t]Pv 433)
CkvemanI aqey§sf XmtemençIbpw hnip² IzpÀB\nsâ Bib§sf DbÀ¯n¸nSnçIbpw
sN¿p¶hcà inbm¡Ä. inbm¡fpsS cmPys¯ CkvemanI cmjv{Sw F¶v hnfn¡m³ [mÀjvSyw ImWn¨
tIcf¯nse GI {]Øm\w PamAs¯ CkvemanbmWv.
CkvemanI [mÀanI aqey§Ä DbÀ¯n¸nSnç¶ GI cmPyw Cdm\msWìw aäp cmPy§Ä bYmÀY
CkvemanI cmPyasÃìw bmsXmê kt¦mNhpanÃmsX auZqZnÌpIÄ ]dbpì. Ad_v cmPy§tf¡mÄ
Ckvemant\mSv {]Xn_²Xbpw kvt\lhpw sh¨p]peÀ¯p¶ GIcmPyhpw PamA¯n\v Cdm³ Xs¶.
"Ad_v Øm\nItf¡mtfsd Ckvemant\mSv Iqdpw kvt\lhpw Cdm\nemWv C¶v Imé¶sX¶Xv
Ckvemansâ CtX kmÀhP\o\XçÅ sXfnhmWv' (Ckvemw CkvemanI {]Øm\w t]Pv 51)
Ad_v cmPy§fnse Nne `cWm[n]·mêsS [qÀ¯pw \S]SnIfpw amän \nÀ¯nbm bYmÀY
Ckvemant\mSv Iqdpw kvt\lhpw sh¨p ]eÀ¯pIbpw IzpÀBëw kp¶¯pw `cWLS\bmbn kzoIcn¨v
CkvemanI \nba \nÀtZi§Ä¡ëkcn¨pÅ `cWamWv Ad_v cmPy§fn \S¸nemç¶Xv. hnizmk
IÀataJeIfn ]eXnepw Ckvemapambn AIì \nÂç¶ Cdm\nse ioCukw apXvA hnhml¯n\v
\nbakm[qIcWw \ÂæI hgn AhêsS kZmNmc hnê²Xbpw Iz_vdmcm[\bpw kzq^nkhpw "IÀ_e'
bpsS ]p\cmhnjvIcWhpw AÔhnizmkm\mNmc§fpsS tI{μamWv Cdms\¶v kwibclnXambn
sXfnbnçì.

ioCukt¯mSv BibmZÀi _ÔaÃmsX asämê ImcWhpanà PamAs¯ Ckveman¡v Cdms\bpw

AhnSps¯ t\Xm¡sfbpw Fgps¶Ån¡m³. F´nëw GXnëw Cdms\ tdmÄtamUemç¶ kz`mhhpw
PamA¯në−v.
"AtXkabw CkvemanI kZmNmc \nba§Ä km[yamtbSt¯mfw {]tbmKh¡cn¡m³ {ianç¶
Cdm\nte¡v t\m¡q AhnsS kvt]mÀSvkpw kn\nabpsams¡ ]ptcmKançIbmWv' (CkvemanI
{]Øm\w: t]Pv 259)
Cdm\nse hn¹hhpw ap{ZmhmIyhpw tIcf¯nte¡v CdçaXn sNbvXv tkmfnUmcnän {]Jym]n¨
kacm`mk§Ä F´nëw GXnëw amXrI Cdm\msW¶v kqNn¸nçIbmWv. hn¯pKpWw
]¯pKpWsa¶ t]mse Cdm\n inbm¡ÄçÅ hn¹hhocyhpw, kmlnXyhpw kn\nabpw tIcf¯nse
"inbm¡Ä'çaps−¶ Imcyw AhnXÀ¡nXamWv. \n§Ä¡v F´pw kzoIcn¡mw. ]t£ F´n\v
PamA¯vImÀ Ckvemans\ Cdm\n Xf¨nSpì. Cdm³ kaw Ckvemw F¶ Xeæ¯n hmb\ ChÀ
tIcf¯n krjvSn¨n«p−v. Cemsl¶m cmjv{S]Xnsbìw Zos\¶m cmjv{Ssaìw ]dª
auZqZnbpsS AëbmbnIÄ aXcmjv{ShmZw DbÀ¯n¸nSnç¶ Cdms\ Ckvemsa¶v hmbn¨n«nsænemWv
AÛpXw.
Hê Ifhv \qdv h«w ]dªv kXyam¡n kaÀ°n¡m\mhpsa¶ Bib¯nsâ D]ÚmXmhmWv
Ko_Âkv. F¶m Ko_Âkns\bpw tXm¸n¨v tIcf "inbm¡Ä' ioCuks¯bpw Cdms\bpw
\membncw h«w Ckvemw F¶v tNÀ¯nhmbn¨v sXäp²cn¸n¡m³ an\s¡SpIbmWv. DZmlcW§Ä
F{XthWsa¦nepw \½psS ap¶nep−v.
inbm¡sf c£n¡m³ th−n H. A_vZpdlnam³ IÃpsh¨ ëWIfpw ChnsS ]bänt\m¡nbn«p−v.
inbm¡sf¸än Ad_v temIs¯Ãmw ]T\hpw NÀ¨bpw D−mhpìs−¦nepw ChnsS aebmf`mjbnÂ
AhêsS ]pkvXI§Ä Bêw samgnamäw \S¯m³ sa\s¡«nà F¶v hsc AhÀ ]dªpIfªp.
(Ckvemw CkvemanI {]Øm\w: H. A_vZpdlnam³ t]Pv 108) PamA¯pw knanbpw Ct¸mÄ
F³.Un.F^pw [mcmfw inbm ]pkvXI§Ä aebmf¯nte¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn«p−v. sF.]n.F¨v.Â
Aen icoA¯nbpsS aXw aX¯ns\Xnsc, amÀIvkpw aäp ]mivNmXy³ anYyIfpw, lÖv XpS§nb
]pkvXI§fpw Cìw hnÂ]\ \S¯pì. Cu ]pkvXI§fn lÖv sF.]n.F¨v. Xs¶ {]kn²oIcn¨v
hnXcWw sN¿pìap−v. IqSmsX AlvaZv \PmZns\çdn¨pw Cdm³ cmjv{Sobs¯¸änbpw sF.]n.F¨v.
]pkvXIand¡nbn«p−v. icoA¯nbpsS càkm£y¯n\v AhXmcnI FgpXnbXv PamA¯v t\Xmhv Sn
apl½Zv kmln_msW¶Xpw Cu ASp¯Imew hsc ChÀ B ]pkvXIw sIm−p\S¶nêìsh¶Xpw
A{X s]s«m¶v tIcf apkvenwIÄ adçIbnÃ. PamA¯pImÀ XakvIcn¡m³ {ian¨mepw PamA¯nsâ
ap³ Aaodpw Fgp¯pImcëambnê¶ aÀlqw sI.kn. A_vZpà auehn FgpXnb C_mZ¯v
ka{K]T\¯n X§fpsS lm¡nan¿ kn²m´hpw CdmëambpÅ _Ôhpw hyàamçì. adbnÃmsX,
AXv \ap¡v a\Ênem¡mw.
(XpSêw..........)
X¿mdm¡nbXv:
apl½Zv bmkÀ hn.sI, A_qZm_n