Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 12

1.

 ก  ก

ก


 ก[ก!ก"#$%
%] %()*
( + %ก ก,#ก+- (/ ก"
!#ก%/ ,ก
%) ()*
#1 ก +ก%  + 2##กก +ก34
ก+2!ก #
5"#+ "2#/2#5+6734,ก8#!+ $ ก
+ก%ก9ก9:  ,!ก 5" ก95$ +ก,ก8#2##5,ก5#
ก82! $ #%!5+#$ %+ก% %
+กก+# "2! ,ก
 !/ 55+;/+ก%#กก++ก,ก8# 5+#%!
+34
ก!%/(<(ก +ก,ก8#2#52! ก
5+ 5,#2+ก9 "2!
 +5+    
,! ก(<2(#
+ก
34ก+(

ก ,  ก 6,   2460


(The Chakri Dynasty and Thai Politics, 1782-1982: The Monarchy Through Two Centuries of Change
and Challenge (Bangkok: %&'()*+ก , 2526 , -.%/)*(&0/%122345 
*.78%8 9 :1;, 8<=), 69

@0 1ก1 ( ก5กA * B:)* 5 9*3 2470 :03D (%5&0/ 


5Eก1': 45:57; ' 7F07B;7 F (Dกก5กA 45/5'E/5EG
-E :5)ก8=  45 *%57  -E91-ก 8%5%ก+ 12;(570/ก:กE'7
3* 7 453* 50(5 %57 :0HI7191

-E91-ก174:5 :ก D /D ( ก 15 -K-. E)7 %5


*1*89&0/-. /5E3*(-( 'E3* D (5)38ก8(;(5ก&0ก% 5+%5
*A กB'&(F() 0(กELM ก+ก1 %2 -E91-ก  ;853*) /;/5 *กก8กN45
5( 7(&) /5+%57:ก;1 )8G-0ก1 5 '/* 'E%2+) /:ก 0ก
% 55กD-G 7121)7F'E

กE2กB *%HE -E91-ก;/5  3* 31 ;*5D-ก):57;5


(Dก ';(ก;1 'E H -ก(27 45ก45) /ก:425E*A 270ก1 
D / 7-  ) /  4520ก7(D-G% @0 1 5 8  45 '&( 1 5+D/
  @0 1-.ก;1   *ก1 )79HO5 1ก

(5%5@0 1345 1  &0/-./5;(  %5-E91-ก 1 ก1 )-K 2435 -.


0ก3 69 %58<กH ก / ก:7*(*Q  7375กD /:7-2
7 3 1 -.2/RS F 38H7 :;1E74::ก D / ';(%250(+ : ก%5&0/ 
7191)%HE2 F+) /% G5ก7/5 กED /-.ก;1  4558D / 12 -K 1 0ก7(D-
5กT 45%/'N G* ก275-K%กB0ก/D-%/G 5  )-K
2457 8<กH ;D-D /7-K ก35 * 42 -K 1 กB:กAก'E
ก:-EAD-:;+' (70)ก545ก+;1:G;%57

)-K 2460 %; 71)D-' N *1 %HE50( %;ก 8 กก:7*


กAก: 95-.7 I 425 ก1 )35:3*ก 45-K 2443 5กUVW %5
' (2+/E  45ก+/D /D (ก-K ก2 95กB0ก*%/* 4558D /B %*: 45D-:
)/' (%5 1  &0/F;(5 D /7( I17* * 32D-F1 57 35:57; ก:ก:
/%HE230(50():57;2D (/*17 ';(กE';(2-.5ก45  E*
3 3/ก';(5(-.กก:35ก*A ';(45ก7* -.G- -%5
7*( 'E 1 5กB3D ( G5ก7%2-.ก;1 )78 275D /';(ก5(-.ก
95D /:O ' /E3(5%/;+';(กB-.:5: ก*( (5 7* ก';( )-K
2463 275 1D-*2)7 O= 8G- ;E*55กก 'E5 245กAก (5*
'E45-X1:;1@ก1-.:32 0ก3'ก%5230(ก1 5 5 45 45T@3 2466 -.
0ก7*45*( กH1*Q

1  ก-Y*55 Z '5 Z  45/5%5%7(*) I( :3:5ก*(-.Eก


';(ก5)*A  7-.ก27 3%58<กH /*-./57*;(  
%5%5 'E0ก 3%5*ก%;(กB7*1;;2';(-.ก )-K 2468 35:3* 1 
/D-50(DN :1 ก -EA5  45) / 1 %/:กก;* * 20 ก F
-.*ก1 %58<กH 7* 35 0ก 45*( 5 1 

 ;8กH 2 3* 7+3I ก%2)5ก75 45;(5   45*1*89712 G -Aก


 )(* /-Kก(5 /2 ;(  %5 1 50()2/RS;กBD-7 3 G 
50()*7 71: 'E45กก;1 53 ) (345 -E91-ก กBD ( 0ก 1 %: 50(+ :
75%5ก74:7 :;1

*(%ก:D (D /) /3* 7);(5452 กก 1 )/*ก*(3 %5 33 -K' (


*1;%5%50(5ก7 (55กก3* -.D-)7+ก *(ก*( 1 5กB 3*  B
*1ก *1H -.ก7(*;*;(57:ก;1 &0ก  ; '::'&-EH 'E5)'*
%5-E91-D;'::5 1ก กก*( 45ก*(%;B )Eก7191%5%) /ก:/5;(
 &0/5+'E3(3 345 :1; 0ก%578ก8   737 %58<กH
ก19@1ก%5-E91-ก)-K 2469 1 กBก:D-N *1 45Aก;(5)*1'
%;/5กE+ก' 7 ) (70(-EA%5%1

1 'E7* ก7 O5 1ก *ก% :/ ) I()(2 70:03D 1 0
F 0 'E235 0'0กZ'E:/ 7* AกA1-Eก20ก'Eก 0'35:3*
'::7 ) ( 35:3* 1 %:;E**:%51*51' 'E:32กBD /:ก 0'
G  RF17 'F F-.-ก*5 1ก%57+ก'E-.0ก%%5-E991: * 0
G* *17

@0 1-.0ก37 'E-.378 /5%535:3* ' /*(7* E-.7 I


 Bก275กBD /:OE707((/ --K 2470 -E91-ก-EกA*(0ก8ก3
%5/52/RS /5;(   8'E5 (50()2 7  B/RS) %5% D (*(Eก1 ก
' ( 7E) ED /:ก% -. E53 / F 5 ก2/RS 'E G5ก7ก
7E70%2D-5ก /* F-.71D (345-X1:;1ก ก(5 *(-.ก8AG:5':)ก
-745 D (:17891\) /:17891\453* 50(5 %5*A /52 ก%5 1  0ก
'3(753 2D ()(45 ก/*5ก;( ก ก 7*1;D-'/* 0ก 3 345 8
ก F ' (-.*7F 'E8]987D-'/*กB 0ก 3 * 9* F ' (-.
ก+ 45) /*A 7:4 ;(5D-D /5( 3 กก7E%5-E91-กก(5) /ก1 ;*45ก
E :E53 / 11 3 F*  Bก275ก35:3* 1  /*

กE2 1 กBกEE (กก+'5-ก-^ '( %57+ก %D (


;/5ก) /0กZ %5%;/5&0ก;1 50(ก:19ก 'ED /:ก-X1:;1  45/ -Y*5(
ก)-K 2471 %%5/5) /'F (*-S5กD () /0ก%5%;/5%2-.ก;1 ก%;2

1  *1;50(:กN *1 'Eก:ก8= F:/53ก3กD- /*ก


7%)OE&0/7:4 :ก 3 5*(%_ ';(5'(55D (D / 'E5(51
ก 45ก*(-E91-กD ( 3*  B % 7(*354ZกB*1H ก+4 %5@% % กE
-Y*50(:(5Z 2กB '*G/ E+) /7:ก;1; /5&1I3* 75ก 'E7+ :)'*
*425E*A 'Eกก0;'/* ก(*ก*(% )55D- /79HO G 4 ก 
719155ก7G /* /%5*5 1ก กE2 %กB &0/7:78+* ก 7(*  /*
3* ก*;(55ก45ก 345 :1; 3*:38 ก57

1
-E*;135:3* 1 ):27(* ก5/51ก 9ก- ,+ก8 %5กH1*Q () (: 781*A
:83FB;5 , 2539) 'E # 67 %5กH1*Q () (: 781*A :83FB;5 , 2538)
2
Francis Bowes Sayre, Glad Adventure (New York: Macmillan, 1957), 99
1  *E+-.' ';(7E3* -./กB'ก'FD-8ก%2;5 ก
;*D%/กB;/5)/A /535ก7+กE%/) )OE*(/ 45 * 1 E7 &7
D /กB';(7(*7078 %53D%/(2 345 AE ) 45  2472 1 D-) (450/
UnกUก' G: +1กG *5 1ก 24 * ก2 %กB/ -Y*'E
ก: ก8= 'E7*;1 ) 45ก %HE58 37 -K

กL H]:-K 2467 2 D ( 3*  *(ก74::ก ED-)) E-.


:1; F-./RS 4550(%58<กH 455 1ก+/ 2 ;*45ก5Z
D-5ก 'E78 /กBD ( ก; 71)) Z);52 *(0(Z5 F587%*:กBD /:ก
-X1:;1*(ก;1 'E@0 1 5875%*:กBD /(531*%2:ก /* 7* &0/-. /
D /:O ) (*( (5 7* 1  H 589 G &0/-ก-S57E1ก0) /ก:95กB345
E/7*(*Q '(*'()กE) /425D%%595-.&0/74:*A

35:3* 1 ก50(*7E-8 5ก*/%*%57*( )3T 7 D /7ก1 35 )ก/


A0 ก 45:ก5ก *1;'* /5 D- /*: 3:)/ 75EG5O 'E30U /*
51913* 31 45ก2 00ก'::5 1ก7 ) ( 7*  ก2 00กZ %595
/*;5 5 'E@0 1D /:58I;) /*1()7*7E-8 D /;B  D /(%5(ก
8G-'E5 1ก D /(2+ )7E% Bก 'Eก45ก 1G3)7*D / *ก% ' * 'E1
-.7;* 2 )*E*ก1 ก 2) I(G;)7*7+ : BกZ 'E(5' ( 2 D'EU
/5 กE(;(Z ก%  / 'Eก';(ก'RF

35:3* 1 D /:3* 7E *ก7:7 78 'Eก15 ;E*;ก5Z ก:ก1


5 D 3/ก 'F *1 'E 3455 -E+ 425/'E 'กo*;p*'E%/*-.
5  ก%5*7 ( *ก:2 707 7(*) I( *ก%7* 7425&/'::;E*;ก'E
E';(; -EHDกB;(5 45 19'E2(2 35:3* 1  1(5*D-
E 7*7;* 'E7(5*;(Z 50(-.-E+ G  / /35 0'-1:;1
 BกZ 45-.*(ก;1 )T 0/5 *ก%กBED-;ก5กA * 1 4527054Z
 BกZD / 745:/ก:ก8(  Bก)* *ก2D'EU G  302D 5กT'E
5 1ก 7* ;2)'(*'() /*ก%Aก@5กT 32-K 2473 5 กB%/
G39513%5270345 ';  5 'E75-K;(5  @0 1กB; D- *ก

5 55ก73 )OE*(9  /5 /*@0 150(%/ก 35:3* 1 %/


(* )E19-.:32 'E7* กB75) /0ก0/ก42OA789%57 *ก%
D-* 'E(45*)A789) /RV )*ก1 *ก%+:8I /*ก)7(:; -(5ก-(5
- )-K 2475 5 1 AกA789กE0- &0/F;(5 @ กBD /-.7q
:: ; กH1*Q7*%5%+กD /กB345 กq(' /กE8กB-.:-
5 0 45ED (D /;E ก7E1A%5;*5กE* )-K 2474
 45ก:กG % ' (*( r+D 8ก3ก& *( 53 '- ?t  45' (591:*(%
5ED /-.ก;1 53 ;(5D-%57 กH:5ก*(5 ก:/ -Y* 51 0 45*(
%E74:5 3* 5(5'5ก(5'E/5%5(5  % กED (7:50(:(5Z 'ERก2+(
*( +) /;/5%  5%5%ก@*E2*( 45 

*1;)*7E-8 1 3* ก+:ก)-K 2474-2475 7* D (7 5กA/5


%5:ก5กD / ก 45*3* ;3 AOก1;ก;+%57 O= 7(&7E45) /O:1
-E7:-VI ก1 425E*A 270ก+  @) (Z 5ก:2ก ';(-ก-S5
&-EG %5;*5  45-E91-กD (7 : 45ก:3* F:F/5%5@*EAOก1Gก
E7+E7D / %/ก45'E ก8( กB+ก 5+'E ;2O:@);/
O9 0I

)79HE -E91-ก25 :E:5:O9 0I ';(425E*A 5:;*%D (5


'/ %HE*ก%*'&ERvwE:5:7 :0HI7191 ก:34 2 ) 45 
2476 35:3* 1 กBกB:%/*%5'E/D-50( 45GF -EA7*1;F5 ' 453*
-5 @ *ก%50(-K 2488 ก*( A* ก-E91-ก7E7 :;1 'E
5 D /74::ก G @0 1  7191)+ : 

ก-'-ก-ก35-K 2475 D (D /-.';(-X1ก11;(5*1กT;1AOก1'Eก


:1 &1  5( B'ก(;*%5425E*A (2 -E91-ก%2 -.ก;1 )(**
5 กE'77 ) (-. ;8&1 D /&1I /ก:%:-EH'E 3;1-.O5+
%5*A ก ก;1 3ก(5 /%345 *1*89 D /5  7:ก;1 ) /-.D-
)1A;11  '::8G- 45I-8Y *('*2กB 5;/5:D-45ก3* D (-.
%5*1*895 5ก2D /:ก'%B%4ก: 452 E*A 270 *ก%   *'(
ก:3* 45*(ก;1 &0/9 ; -EH' (7 2-. *)%5'&( 1 *Q9 'E
*1; -E91-กก:425E*A 270 (27/7 %5%7(*) I(:O-EH' (ก
* A0 5+'Eก1 03* Aก 7191\%57:ก;1 )-K 2475 *1กT;1ก1%5
2GกD /+) /:ก ก;/5-EEก:Gก7 ) ( 'E/78 กB;/55 '/

';(-EH-.71กE+) / :70I'E' /*O7 ) (D / *:/):กB 


3* 45D (;(D-ก (425E*A *(7กGก5ก('ก('EAก 1\7191\%5*ก%E7 8
3D /กB;(5 45 ก;1 &0/5+ E- 'E9 -.&0/-ก35(2 3* 45
(2 'Eก:1  ก3* 4525(':5 ก-.O) /@0 1+กRvwR0)5ก
757 A*;(5 

///////////////////////
E:5:7 :0HI7191 ':: 1  ก5250(::(%5-E91-ก)-K 2475 2 
กO ก'*31 757Qกก**1%551 ;1 ;B Fก'EกE *(
N1 0- H 'E89 '(%/ @0 1@35;E*55ก_);/;2';(317; A;*7
275'*31 2;(กB5150(:3* -.ก:ก 345ก;1 45ก;1 F5+
 B % 5/7191\D /  ก15+ '/*2 กB5:9 /*745 'E*;
-X1:;1 ' /*(275'*31 ED (3D /'ก% กก)-EAD *(';(E'*31 2กB 
กHE_E 3* 7+3I;(5*19ก7:ก;1 7 ) (1 'E+75;5

-EAD:5A7891ก* FO) /ก58- @ ;2';(8378G% E:5:


ก-ก352 ; '*31 )58 3;1%59  ก;1 7 15+กก-.ก:
D / ';(457/3* 5:9 'EG5+ %;/545-X1:;1;; 9 E 5-.กL' (
ก* กL' (9 ;1 F-.71 *)ก*-.1  54) /*D ( 9 E
-ก35Gก D ()( 8 8 ';(-X1:;1; กL2 45; G* '::89 r 8ก/5' (
9 Et

45ก9 E34571 *ก:7E ก%/9 (ก:ก%/38H3* :17891\


*19ก%/345ก45-X1:;15(E89/+ ก-X1:;1-Eก5: /*กE* ก5 :
51 453* D ('/  3*  ;; ==

.......................................................
( ก ก   !"ก #$  $ 
%  !  & '& (ก& ! ก!&ก !   ) !*
! +, - -  http://thaitkns.googlepages.com/ '# . ก/-  )
yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy..

ก ,_! 5$ก() %/ก%*#  ก() #(


5$ก
ก# กก#!
ก9(<`!
%/ก*#   ก() 5$ก$a
  ก$
a
 $  ;a
 (<a
 "!  $%, *a
" b+ $ aก/
$ 2#1b  a
(!" #$, ก, ก
%+!%+$ 
 *#(<(" " cก8,b
55!+ก9$ 227 a
 ! ก!
+ 5bก9%/:ก 5+# ก!/_! ก52 `:
() $a
55!##

5+### ก"`:$  


"5;5$ก`*#!+ก aก(d
(e (<+
!
!+ก() 
 " `: ,;ก,a%/*#2!
#ก%/ 
a, *ก+ ( a#5$ ก " ,;5,*#5+#!
(<ก
` ,; #

+
!
 ก#

+
!

 5(<`ก#
"5+#!
กก
" ก8*#5$ก: 9/` ,;
##กก  !
ก8#

5+#(d() : a
*#  (<*#%ก(ก5
#
$f5+#:
*# (<`*
## %`:(<ก82!

`:
#
" ก5
ก ก8 a, *ก+ 5$b$
b+,_
"*,!5%;+(7 _!  +2((
 
  ก _*+$
, * `:#
55!()  (ก(g a
*# 5#
+,_#กก+ 5 + b
#

5+#55! กa
*# ,ก-+ $ก8*#() 
a
%55!
+  _!กก+ก9#$+b#
+,_#กก+   ก ก+ (<

%ก8
 "ก(ก(g5,#5 b

ก
(<ก8 #
5,#  , *a #ก (<*#2! 
() #กe a**# +ก8#
c

ก "  :#
b52#2! a**#5$ ;; (ก" ก8 (<+10
(ก

ก
ก/ +*#10 (ก !+  a
 5 5+#$  5+#
_ 5+#
 5+#2#_ก* 5+#2#
!
 5+#!  5+#,*# a**#
$*# 
 (
 5ก #
10 $ a 

 , *2!() 2!# :
ก
 ,_!  + #
5$ก#
5+## :   #
5+## ก  !
a, *i!: (7,  "# ก  ก8 #
5"(;+ 
#
(<ก!/5+#:aก!j%ก8

  , * / 2##
5#%!
"

aก! *j%ก82!$ก+b a**# 10 $*#10
5$5,*#%ก8 (<กกk
กก8กกb

ก(5+#(<ก8 aก$ +a!+_


 
!+ ($ $ก $ +
ก8#
5+##(ก (<ก

กก# !,! 
$ _!
+ก#: ก:   a, * ก

:%/*#5$ก()  a
 2# ก$ 5+#:!+ $!!
+ก !
,55
#(< "ก9# ,*# ก(<`:5ก
$(<ก82!
!+ก
: ก() 5 a
 " *#
#5,#5+#!
ก92#"(<

ก2(/:ก2! 5,#5+#!
 5$ !ก2#2!ก`: ก!ก

 5+#$ _!  +2( a8%#2! 5+# , *jกก*# 


!+5+# ก! ก
# 
ก !5+#: กa8$ 
 #

ก  !


+ก ,%ก8
2! ก !5+#:(<(;$ ก2( ก
 !$ ก
(<ก !

:()   ก !ก _$
 DNA ก ! _!
+ก " ก!5+#aก!j *j%/#2! ,%
ก8#
_ก(<`:$  ก !+(ก1
 / " ก!ก $ก
+a
# 52!$ $

 +m*#%#i!: , *5$#


ก #ก!(<5

ก ก8  i!:#
กf ก%#_  #
กm2(#
#
_5ก(ก5
#ก + /   , *a2##
 +!
  #

*# 5$5+# ก
:/*#5$5+#:,!%ก#

+: 5+#5!%i!:
5$ก#

+:%9 ก#
+(< $ #  + 5$ก5 5+#
%+,(5 / ก(</ !
+ก ก%  +5$ก%/ ,ก- $
%i!:

 ai!: #,8+
+ก! + / (<+) 
%  + %/ กก! +
:(<ก$ !_
  ; 5+#$   +!%
+i!:/$ 2(: :ก
ก!%/# 
5$5+#$ 
+ +!ก #ก!$ $ !
_ก2(

:!ก2(#+ ก8 5+#$ $%ai!: #


5+#%9ก
$ # ก+  a, * / #
5+##
(<`:"
#,+*# ก
(  +! ai!:5$`:ก(กeกk5+#(<:%5#  +!
5$`:(ก(g ,ก  ,ก5 ก+ a+
5+ 5,#!6gกa "3_((
# " !,!## :  " ;5c 
 John Girling ก5#a2!
%
2++ o*
ก ก(ก55$ก "*
ก#- _ก!+"กก+ 5$ก
ก (<#$%%!9ก + (<!%#,
aก!j *j #$% +!
_!  !f#

(! #,# 
#,#%ก+ "#$+ !,!(<,!a:ก%
( a #  ;ก+5#ก#$,!+#%+m*# (<,!aก!j *j(<
a:ก%ก+ #!"

ก8  ai!: #
#/ $+(<+:(<f(ก "
#กก : + 2#,ก
+ก ก(ก5 "
(<
5
(/ก8 ก
ก "*
ก-$  ก8!:  ;$ #  ก8%# ก(<:(a+
/5#(! $ !/  / ! 9;ก8a+ก8 _ก ก
:(a+/5#
2+#  ,ก#,##$ +!  !%

(
:ก"# (ก *
-((ก2(ก a, *ก#

$  ก%# +2 #;
%# ( a# a+8
 # ก
ก%#$ # / +# ก,_%  c5ก!  ก(+aก

2!#
ก$ ก  ,,8ก2(/ ก85
#%,_% 5$ #5" (<$ 
#ก
"#ก
j (ก5 +(q 1820 / (q 1860 ก8#5"5$ก
$

9ก- ก(<#$ ;
# 5  ก,_% %/ก$f5+#$  i!: 
a, *ก#  +-%,_%  ก85ก-2!  *%a
, *ก#  _!bกa
ก2!"%#` (<ก# $f
%+m*#2  (7, 

ก8#5" ก(ก5
กก
ก#_! a, *#(<
+m*# ก(ก5( a (<(sก` +!+ ก 5b  (<`:"*

ก " ,;  กf *



+ %2(++!ก
#!8 ก
กf%กa/ก2!  /ก2+/ +

o#$  +%,#5" #$,_% 


!
"#
( #
%+ #$ ก 
2: $ :++2(5 %
# 2(% 5ก 55 5 5ก 55# 5 5ก 55$5
5 26g  :ก:ก%,`: ! #ก+$$$5"# %:ก#


%+ 26g%2 (4#ก:$# 2+ก:ก# 26g:ก:ก%, ``!`กก+
ก +!:  / 5+#ก%!+$ %`:ก#ก`: 9%+   5
 9  
5!$! 5 !%
# #$#:$6tuก: # #
 #
# #(
7v+ #
 #
$ #

 ก# #+(< (<#$ 2!%$ก %$ +,+ ก9!


b 
(ก(:
#
ก! / %+2+ 26g(กก ก#$#
#
5+# 9 % #
ก+//%, 2 2( ก!  %+2+ %,#5"#$2!
ก#$# +
5+#ก#_!$  2 #$,_% 
/ #”

5+##(7,  (<ก(ก5

ก+(w*(2$ก(ก5 !
(ก5 , / (<+m*# , *a%+2 ก8$2!+(< ,ก
(<%+m*#a8fก%( a!+ "ก+%ก8c:#/
ก%,
#5"+(<ก8
(ก5 (*(25ก 2!"2( (<+m*#ก
(ก5( a2 $ ก#!+aก

#ก ก a, *ก$+ (Theravadism)#  " 


 ก,_%  2#2( กก ai!: +ก8#
5+#

  ก (<  +a,_%  กก#a, *5$ *#(<กก
(+a / #
5+##  /ก2+ 2c:#+ / $ ก+%
2+_!ก82 
(#*#
1)
$  กก%,#5" 2!2c:#+%/ #

"5; 5$ %
/$ กก! ก %+ + ก+
+ก!:
c:# #5$(ก#c:# :(c:# :(c:#) !+"% ,; (
2!ก "+

"5;5$(<$ ++%+(<กf"5;%ก$ 5+#(<ก8
2c:#+2# $ + #  , *a ก(<$ +
"5+#5! 
" , *a i!:#(
 ( + % ก (<$ + `:`:67"
ก กก " ( , ก!5+#(w!
ก " ,; "ก,a ;#,#  กก "
5,#5+#!
_ก
 กe ก5,#5+#!
%ก8ก95$ a**#10 

ก82 2!%
2++(<!!
, *2!$ก2+ $, *5$ก85
ก !ก8
$ !+a-#5$$!%, *$$! +;;

$ !ก#!+`ก ,; ก

(aก+%, * ก9% (<!
5#

ก8
  ;5$ก+
(Cakkavati King)
5#,+*# (*#ก) 2c:#
+2!ก+2++ o:ก ,;ก,a*# 5$  :/*# 
, *2!ก!#
$ *#..........2##
ก8 # + %# : !`:#,ก*#ก ++#
ก+"5+#!
%*#ก”


(<กก
2!` ก(ก5_! ก8
#
":,!%`! _!
ก 5+#
  +ก(<ก8, * $ก$  ก  +! $2c:#
+ 5+#aก!j *j%ก8:$`! _!ก5+#:5!$ ` ,;`ก##
(
 
 +กf! % 5$:##
,;#กก+ "(< 2c:#
+  ก/ก ,;ก,aกก "(<`%
+
!
((<2(2!+
_!ก"` ,;#  " `:(ก5#
_ก2! `(_-%/ 
 + :กก "%+"2(+ " ,; ก+!+# +# 
 5 กก8*#)

`:(ก5ก,_% 2#2! (


5+#$   +!#ai!:2(

#!  "ก(e #(
,ก ((  %/!ก8 (<`  !
ก:#
5+#$ #  %/2(
ก /#+ 
,!,_% $ #,*%/# 
(<
+ก+
(q
,* _%9ก   (<:(f c:#aก#$ ก( a
2  (7,  / (<#$ $ #%a +m*# - #,* 
a, *(
i!:2!#
++# ก#" ก ก8 ก9
ก+#,_% 

#: ก85ก%,* 2!;##ก( a!



5 ก "*
c8ก (q .a.1894 / (<ก(
 +!
+ก  +! 2!
$ + #* !
(<$ 
"#ก%$ %# +5!
#ก
j ก8: 
() ;#"*# ก82  #,_%  ก8: 2!
"ก,(#c !b +!+#%/ ##ก# "*
ก a, *#
() !+
กa+8
 5$# #2_ก !ก(+a$ +(<
+
,*;/
,! (<,!a:ก
#
ก!! 5# / (<2(  i!:#กก+
a, * !
+ก ก82  2_กก9!+ (<, *ก _!ก
!ก
 
$#5"+%/ # (<$ +%, * ก
(<
_* ก
 "ก:2! $ ก( (, # 2(
$%2c:#++
+!(Vessantara) 2!ก #ก!(< #2_ก5$+ก82_ก
 ก82_กก92#2!a, *#(<กf%5+#(<ก8 ก
(+a55!+ +(q 2143 ก8( 2!"5+#$  i!:# 
ก( : %/ _!2#2!!5+#$ 5 ก+ , *aก2(

กกf
 /ก (+a2! 9+ (
ai!: 
, *2! `#ก (<f" , ก8$ ก# " ก8#

" #
5+#aก!j *j 5+##!,+a ก9%/:ก 5+#5!!!(
5%+ก8 5+#$  a, *ก
+ก !+!+5 ก+-(<`
_5a
(<กf%ก8*#
(d() #กe a**#
ก8 " ,; " +b5 "*
กf !
+ก ก82_ก
ก
+  _!  +2(+ ก
#
5+#$ ก+ ก "*
() #a
, *(<ก!5+#$  ก8 ``%+2+ #ก%/

*
ก- $ f ai!: 2!+# +!%2((<ก#c%
ก8 "  ก8!:ก+ก%# %/ (!8f(!ก" 
ก8(<`!  
+ `:(<%#+  ! 
( 
+
c#6gกa 5+#,!## : 5+## 5  %##5+#$ %#2!:ก"#
5  ##!:% !ก: ก%!%$#
_ 8/2! c8
ก +
ก "*
-ก9(<c8%#
((ก+กdก c8%# $ "# 
$ก/_
#
5+#:aก!j f!%ก: #
5+#"5;  ก(ก5_!
 +a!+ ก(+

ก`#((ก *
ก-%a(<ก$ *,%ก8 
David Wyatt ก(+a2!* 2++ oกก %a, *(<(7"5;
!+a
 # #,# ก8#
5+#(d: a
*#/
,!5$ 
ก#ก$กก 5"*# , *a 5+#$ %#i!: $  +!
(
 
 ก8(< (<ก( (,# ก8(<+/ 
"5;%*

ก- %
5+#aก!j *j a, * ก +ก8(<+/ %`:(d
#ก a
*#"
 ก+ ก,;" #,*5$ก5+ 5,#5+## 5 %`! 
,*:
 ,#c5ก(<!ก ;:ก#" 5+#"9%
,*5$(<_ก!$%
"5; " %
+ก "5ก#$
 ;
(,4
!
 (
 ก+ก,_( a+8
 ก #$,*#
5+#"9 ก5#ก
"  !ก8!  ก%5+ 5,#ก5 "ก!`:ก%!% $ 5+ 5,#
$
!5 " 5 5+5 5+ +# +5+## 5 _!ก "ก
 #ก ก:%, / ก(<5:%ก   ก5,#5+## 5 "

$ + +#,*(<$ 


_ก9#2(!+$! ก$  กก9
9#2(!+$ +%ก (#(<$ 
ก!%/ - 6g
$ก
b6g_!ก8ก 
$กbก+6gก 6g!+ก (< (<+
กก+
a+8 ,*#
ก8 #! 35 5 _!1
 11 (q/ #  ก%#
(q .a.2310 กก, #
`:(ก5+ 5 1
 24 (q/ #

ก:"ก ,*(<ก:$ $ _%+a #


5
#

กก )ก3q#$5cก $  2!"%ก8#5# : /#


ก
+c + :ก+ %ก85ก 5+#!%ก$ +a/2#
#
(ก)ก#2!!


,! ก,*2(กก$  2!# "5+#
# 5  ก/ (q
:ก(w!# !$#8 .a.2310 กก" #ก9
`%ก"
#$ %# "( +#$,*2!"9 # "+ !
 +!+# :((7u
- +#$,*ก
ก!กก2(: ก,*ก92!/
+ก,!_!1

*********************************************

You might also like