8 Pohs‚ kpc£ Cu hÆw

F\n-bvs°mcp `mcam
Ip©q... \ns∂-t∏mse
c©q, \o Ifn-°m\pw
XSn-®p sImgpØv \o¥m\psam∂pw Fs∂-
BtcmKytØmsS-bn-cn-°p- s°m-≠mhn√t√m.
∂t√m. \ns∂t∏mse
hÆw hbv°m≥
Rms\¥m
sNtø-≠Xv?

Ip©p- h n- s ‚bpw c©phn- s ‚bpw kw`m- $ t]mj-Im-lmcw

jWw {i≤n-®t√m? $
Ì Ip©p-hns‚ ]cm-Xn-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw $
Ig-ºpt≠m? Blm-c-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn°p∂ t]mj-I-
Ì s]mÆ-Ø-Sn-bmtWm Btcm-Ky-Øns‚ L-S-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \n߃ apºv ]Tn-®n-´p-
e£Ww? ≠t√m. NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´nI (8.1)
Ì BtcmKyw F∂- X p- s Im≠v \n߃ ]qcn-∏n-°q.
F¥mWv A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv?
t]mj-I-L-SIw [¿aw
\nß- f psS A`n- { ]mbw Iq´p- I m- c p- a mbn
[m\yIw
N¿®-sN-øq. Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°n ¢mkn¬
amwkyw
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q.
sImgp∏v
Btcm-Ky-ap≈ hy‡n-bmbn Pohn-°m≥
hn‰m-an-\p-Iƒ
\mw {i≤n-t°-≠ Imcy-߃ Fs¥m-s°-
bmWv? enÃp sNøq. [mXp-°ƒ
]´nI ˛ 8.1
Poh-imkv{Xw
79
 Nn{Xw ˛ 8.1
hnhn[ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-h¿
Nn{Xw (8.1) \nco-£n-°q. AXn¬ ImWp-∂-
h-sc√mw Htc Af-hnepw KpW-Øn-ep-ap≈
`£- W - a mtWm Ign- t °- ≠ Xv ? ]qcn- ∏ n®
]´nI-bp-sSbpw kqN-Iß- f- psSbpw ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn¬ N¿®sNbvXv \nK-a\ - ß
- ƒ kb≥kv
Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øq.
kqN-I-߃
 B¿°mWp [m\y-Ihpw sImgp-∏pw IqSp-
X¬ Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂Xv?
 amwkyw IqSp-X¬ Ign-t°-≠Xv Bscm-
s°-bmWv?
 hn‰m-an-\p-IfpsSbpw [mXp-°-fp-sSbpw
Imcy-Øntem?
 K¿`n-Wn-Ifpw ape-bq-´p∂ AΩ-amcpw
IqSp-X¬ `£Ww Ign-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?
F¥p-sIm≠v?
 Hmtcm hy‡n°pw Bh-iy-amb t]mj-
I-L-S-I-ß-fpsS Afhpw A\p-]m-Xhpw
Poh-imkv{Xw
80
\n¿W-bn-°p∂ LS-I-߃ Fs¥m-s°-
bmWv?
ITn-\-amb Imbn-Im[-zm-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-
∂-h¿°pw hf-cp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw K¿`n-Wn-
Iƒ°pw ape-bq-´p∂ AΩ-am¿°pw Du¿P-
Øns‚ Bh-i-y-w IqSp-X-emWv. AXn-\m¬
Ch¿ Du¿P-aq-eyw IqSnb `£Ww Ign-t°-
≠-Xp-≠v. t]mjILS-I-߃ icn-bmb
Af- h nepw A\p- ] m- X - Ø nepw AS- ß nb
`£-WsØ kao-Ir-Xm-lmcw F∂p-]-d-
bp∂p. ssZ\w-Zn\ `£Ww kao-Ir-Xhpw
ka-b-_-‘n-Xhpw Bbn-cn-t°-≠Xv Btcm-
Ky-kw-c£
- W- Ø
- n\v A\p-t]-£W - o-ba
- m-Wv.
AXn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb `£-W-io-e-ß-
ft√ \mw B¿Pnt°-≠Xv?
icn- b mb `£- W - i o- e - ß - f psS A`mhw
sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf-∏‰n
Nn¥n-®n-´pt≠m?
tUhn-Uns‚ Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v ]cn-tim-[n-°q.
 2010
MAY
Monday 31
.....-]-Xn-hp-t]mse Hcp Znhkw IqSn IS-∂p-t]m-bn. C∂pw {]tXy-
In®v sNøms\m-∂pap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v cmhnse 8 aWn-
bv°m-WpW¿∂-Xv. Zn\-N-cy-Iƒ Ign™v 9 aWn°v {]`mX`£-
Ww. cpNn-bp≈ a´≥I-dnbpw NqSp≈ ]p´pw. kzm-tZ-dn-b-Xn-\m¬ Nh-
®-c-bv°m-s\m∂pw sa\-s°-SmsX `£Ww hmcn hngp-ßn.- A-Xm-
Wt√m ioew. F{X Ign-®p-sh∂v IW-°n-√. ]ns∂ ]{Xw hmb-\.
Ipd®p t\cw Sn.-hn. ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ {i≤n®p. Hcp aWn-bm-bn´pw hni∏p
tXm∂n-bn-√. F¶nepw Cd-®nbpw ao\pw Iq´n-bp≈ DuWv Hgn-hm-°n-
bn-√. ]Xn-hp-d°w Ign™v sshIp-t∂cw 4 aWn-s°-gp-t∂-‰p. Hcp
ap´ ]^vkpw Nmbbpw am{Xw Ign-®p. ho≠pw Sn.-hn. bnte°v aS-ßn.
Sn.hn ImWp-tºmƒ GØbv°m Nn]vkn\v cpNn-Iq-Spw. F{X
Xn∂psh∂-dn-bn-√. C{X-sbm-s°-bm-bn´pw a\- n-s\mcp kpJhpw
tXm∂p∂n√. cm{Xn hb-dp-\n-d-®m-lmcw Ign®p. 10 aWn-bm-bn´pw
Dd°w hcp-∂n-√. F∂n´pw CXm Dd-ßm≥ t]mIp-∂p.

C\n Hcp Btcm-K-y-am-kn-I-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® teJ-\-Øns‚ Ipd-®p-`mKw \¬In-bn-´p-

≈Xv {i≤n-°q.
tIc- f - Ø n¬ s]mÆ- Ø - S n- b p- ≈ - h -
cpsS FÆw hfsc IqSp-∂p-sh∂v
]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. ae-bm-fn-
bpsS amdn-h-cp∂ `£-W-co-Xnbpw
Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw CXn\v Hcp ]cn-[n-
hsc Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p-
≠v. ^mÃv ^pUv, ]m°-
‰v ^ pUv , hdpØ ]e-
lm-c-߃, _n-kv°-‰p-
Iƒ F∂nh \ΩpsS
\nXy- P o- h n- X - Ø ns‚
`mK-ambn amdn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. Aan-X-h-Æhpw IqSnb icoc`m-
chpw Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-
fp-≠m-°p∂p.
sImgp-∏-S-ßnb `£Ww [mcmfw Ign-
bv°p-∂Xv [a\o`nØn-I-fn¬ sImgp-
∏-v ASn-™p-Iq-Sm-\n-S-bm-°p-∂p. Cu
Ah-ÿsb AXn-tdmkv¢o-tdm-knkv
Btcm-Ky-tIcfw
(atherosclerosis)
F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. c‡-°p-gepIƒ s]m´p-Ibpw Np‰p-
CXv [a-\o-`nØn I´n-bp-≈-Xm-°p- ap≈ - I - e - I - f n- t e°v c‡w Hgp- Ip-
Ibpw [a-\n-bpsS Dƒh-ymkw Ipd- Ibpw sNøp- ∂ p. Cu Ah- ÿ sb
bv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. X¬^-e-ambn skdn{_¬ sla-tdPv F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.
ico-c-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-te- CXpw ]£m-Lm-X-Øns‚ as‰mcp Imc-
°p≈ c‡-{]- W- a m- W v . icocØns‚ Hcp hiw
hmlw Ipd-bp- ]q¿Wamtbm `mKn-I-amtbm Xf-cpI,
Itbm ]q¿W- kwkmcw Ahy-‡-am-hp-I, apJw Hcp
ambpw \ne- hi-tØ°v tImSn-t∏m-hpI XpS-ßn-b-
bv°p-Itbm h-bmWv CXns‚ e£-W-߃.
sN ø p - ∂ p .
sImtdm- W dn [a- \ n- b n- ¬ sImgp∏v
akv X njv I Ie-
ASn™pIqSp- ∂ Xv lrZ- b - Ø n- t e-
Iƒ°v HmIvkn-P≥ e`n-°msX hcp-
°p≈ c‡-{]-hmlw XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂Xv ]£m-Lm-X-Øn\v (stroke) CS-
Ibpw lrZ- b m- L m- X - Ø n- \ n- S - b m- ° p-
bm°ntb°mw-.
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AanXhÆ-Øns‚
Db¿∂ c‡- k - Ω ¿Zhpw (hyper as‰mcp {]X- y m- L mXw {]ta- l - a mWv .
tension) AXn-tdmkv¢otdm-knkn\p {]tal tcmKn-I-fn¬ sImf-kvt{Sm-fns‚
Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. c‡m-Xn-k-Ω¿Zw Afhv IqSp-∂Xpw kvt{Sm°n\p Imc-
aqew akv X n- j v I - Ø nse t\¿Ø W-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

X∂n-cn-°p∂ kqN-I-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v Ubdn°p-dn∏pw teJ-\-Øns‚ `m-Khpw hni-I-

e\w sNbvXv kb≥kv Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJs∏SpØq.

Poh-imkv{Xw
81
kqN-I-߃
 tUhn- U ns‚ Zn\- N - c - y - s b- ° p- d n®pw
`£Wioe-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw \nß-fpsS
A`n-{]mbw F¥mWv?
 AanX `£Ww krjvSn-°p∂ Btcm-
Ky {]-iv\-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?
 hdp-ØXpw s]mcn-®-Xp-amb `£Ww
Btcm-K-ysØ Fßs\ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn
_m[n-°p-∂p?
 tUhnUns‚ `£- W - { I- a - Ø n¬
\n߃°v- F-s¥ms° am‰-߃ \n¿tZ-
in-°m≥ Ignbpw?
tUhn-Uns‚ `£-W-{I-a-hp-ambn Xmc-X-a-y-
s∏-SpØn \n߃ icn-bmb `£-W-co-Xn-
bmtWm A\p- h ¿Øn- ° p- ∂ Xv F∂v
Is≠Øq.
`£-W-Ønse Ir{Xn-aXzw
C∂v Itºm-f-Øn¬ e`-y-am-Ip∂ `qcn-`mKw
`£-W-]-Zm¿Yß-fnepw aWhpw \ndhpw
cpNnbpw Iq´p-∂-Xn-\mbn [mcmfw Ir{Xn-a-
h-kvXp-°ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. GI-tZiw
3500 hyXy-kvX-Xcw cmk-h-kvXp-°-fmWv
C∂v `£y-hy-h-kmb cwKØv D]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂-Xv. bmsXmcp `-£y-aq-ey-hp-an-√mØ
Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ `£-W-]-Zm¿Y߃
tISm- I m- X n- c n- ° mt\m, \ndw sa®- s ∏- S p-
Ømt\m, cpNn h¿[n- ∏ n- ° mt\m, aWw
\¬Imt\m Hs°bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.
_o‰m-\n≥, tImƒSm¿ F∂nh hym-]-I-ambn
D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Nmb-ß-fm-Wv. -Ch-
bn¬ NneXp Im≥k¿ t]mep≈ tcmK-
߃°v Imc- W - a m- t b°mw. Sm¿{S- k n≥
t]mep≈ Nmb-߃ Ae¿Pn°v CS-bm-
°ntb°mw. `£Ww Zo¿L- I mew
tISpIqSmsX kq£n-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
{]nk¿th-‰o-hp-I-fn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂
t^m¿am¬Un- s slUv t]mep≈ cmk-
hkvXp°ƒ Im≥kdn\v Imc-W-am-tb°mw.
`£-W-io-e-ß-fnse ]ng-hp-Iƒ am-{X-a√
\ΩpsS Btcm- K - y sØ {]Xn- I q- e - a mbn
_m[n-°p-∂X
- v. Db¿∂ ItemdnI aqey-ap≈
Poh-imkv{Xw
82
`£Ww Ign-®n´v hym-bmaw sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-
∂Xpw Btcm-Ky{]iv\ß- ƒ krjvSn-°p∂p.
hymbmaw kpÿn-Xn°v
IrXy-ambn hym-bmaw sNøp-∂X
- p-sIm-≠p≈
KpW- ß ƒ Fs¥- m s°- b m- s W∂v ]d-
bmtam?
$ AanXambp- ≠ m- I p∂ sImgp- ∏ v Ipd-
bv°p∂p.
$
$
`mc-sa-Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂Xpw ITn-\-amb {]hr-
Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xpw am{X-a√ hym-
bmaw. \S-Øw, \o¥¬, Ifn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-
S¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms° ico-c-Øn\v hym-
bmaw \¬Ip-∂p. {]mb-Øn\pw Btcm-K-y-
Øn\pw PohnXssien°pw A\p-k-cn-®p-
thWw hym-bm-a -ap-d-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-t°-
≠Xv. \nß-fpsS {]mb-Øn¬ sNømhp∂
hymbm-a- ap-d-Iƒ GsXm-s°-bm-Wv? Fgp-Xn-
t\m-°q.
$
$
icnbmb `£- W - i oew t]mse Xs∂
{][m-\-amWv icn-bmb hym-bm-ahpw. {]mb-
Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v `£-W-{I-a-Øn¬ am‰w hcp-
Øp-∂-Xp-t]mse hym-bm-a- ap-d-I-fnepw am‰w
hcp-ØWw. imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb
kpÿn-Xn°p hymbmaw Pohn-XØ - ns‚ `mK-
am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Pew Poh-k-‘m-cWØn\v
ico-c-Øns‚ kpÿn-Xn°v `£-W-hpw hym-
bm-ahpw t]mse-Xs∂ {][m-\-s∏´ as‰mcp
LS-Ia - mWv Pew. ico-cI - e
- I
- f
- psS GXm≠v
70% Pe-am-Wv. c‡-Øn¬ 92% Dw Aÿn-
bn¬ 25% Dw Xe-t®m-dn¬ 85% Dw Pe-amWv.
ico-c-Ønse F√m ssPh-cm-k-{]-h¿Ø-\-
ßfpw Pe-am-[-y-a-Øn-emWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.
hnk¿Py- h - k v X p- ° - f psS ]pd¥- ≈ ¬,
]Zm¿Y-kwh-l\w, ico-c-Xm-]-\n-e-bpsS
{Iao-I-cWw XpS-ßnb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw Pew {][m-\- ]-¶v h-ln-°p-∂p. Hcpan®v hfsc-
b-[nIw sh≈w IpSn°p∂Xpw Xosc IpSn-bv°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw ico-c-Øn-\p -\-√-X-√. sh≈-
Øns‚ Afhv IqSp-∂Xv Zl-\-sØbpw, Xosc Ipd-bp-∂Xv hr°-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-sØbpw
{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. ip≤-P-ew am{Xta IpSn-°m-hq. Xnf-∏n-®m-‰nb sh≈am-Wp-
Ø-aw.
sh≈-Øn\p ]pdsa as‰-s¥√mw ]m\o-b-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ÿm\w
]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv? Ch-cpsS Bfl-KXw {i≤n-°q.

Iev]h - r-£Ø - ns‚ \m´n¬ Cs∂-\n°v bmsXmcp hne-bp-an-√. ]≠v Zmlw

ian-∏n-°m\pw £oWaI‰m\pw Fs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p F√m-hcpw B{i-bn-
®n-cp-∂X- v. •qt°m-kn-s‚bpw [mXp-°f - p-sSbpw Ie-hd- b
- mWv Rms\∂p
Is≠-Ønb a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ Ct∏mƒ Fs∂ Ah-KWn-°p-∂-sX-¥n-
s\∂p a\- n-em-Ip-∂n-√. Nne ]cn-jvImcn∏m\o-b-ß-fpsS IS-∂p-I-b-‰-
am-hmw ImcWw. Ah-bn¬ AS-ßn--bncn-°p∂ Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n-I-
c-amb ]Zm¿Y-ßs - f-∏‰n a\p-jy\v Adn-bm-ØX- m-tWm? AtXm Adn-™p-
s
- Im≠v IÆ-Sb - v°p-∂XmtWm?-

FhnsS t\m°nbmepw Fs‚ Xcw-Ka - m-Wv. F{Xtbm {_m‚p-If - n¬! A`n-am-\n-°m-

sX¥p sNøpw. F\n°v t]cpw s]cp-abpw t\Sn-Ø∂ a\p-jy-s\∏‰n Rm≥ ]e-
t∏mgpw Nn¥n-°m-dp-≠v. ]mh-߃! F∂n-eS- ß - n-bn-cn-°p∂ ]e LS-Iß - fpw A]-
I-SI
- m-cn-If
- m-sW∂v Xncn-®d- n™ Ah¿ Xs∂ Fs∂ Bth-it- ØmsS D]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂p. F∂n¬ \nt£-]n® ]√v {ItaW {Zhn®p \in-®t∏mƒ a\p-jy≥ ]d™p
Rm≥ ]√n-s\bpw Aÿn-sbbpw {Zhn-∏n-°p-sa∂v. Zl-\sØ _m[n-°p-sa∂pw
Akn-Un‰n Iq´p-sa∂pw a‰p Nne¿ Is≠-Øn. Aßs\ a\p-jy≥Xs∂ F\n-
s°-Xnsc \o≠ Ip‰-]{Xw Xbm-dm°n-bn-´p-≠v. Fs‚ tZmj-ßs - f√mw Adn-bm-hp∂
a\p-jy≥ Fs‚ \pc-bn¬ aXn-a-d-°p-tºmƒ F\n°pt]mepw ]d-bm≥ tXm∂p-
∂p. tl a\p-jym......- Rm≥ \n\°v Hcp Xc-Ønepw KpW-Ic - a
- √. Fs∂ Hgnhm°q.

hn‰m-an≥ kn bpsS Ie-hd. [mXp-°fpw Ipd-h-√. £oW-a-I-‰m≥ AXyp-

Øaw. Zml-ia - \
- Ø- n\v H∂m-a≥. k¿h-hym]n. Xmc-Xt- ay\ hnebpw Xp—w.
Fs‚ al-Xz-߃ Rm≥ Xs∂ ]c-ky-s∏-SpØn shdpsX Ccn-∏m-Wv. Ip´n-
Iƒ°pw bphm-°ƒ°pw Fs∂ th≠. Ah¿ Ip∏n-bn¬ \nd® cmk-an-
{inXw B¿Øn-tbmsS AI-Øm-°p-∂p. AXp ImWp-tºmƒ hnja-ap-≠v.
Hcp ImeØv a\p-jys\ Rm≥ F{X-am{Xw tkhn-®p. C∂pw \nkzm¿Yambn
tkhn-°m≥ Hcp-°a - m-sW-¶nepw Rm≥ Hgn-hm-°s- ∏-Sp-∂p. Cßs\ kw`-
hn-°m≥ Imc-Ws - a-¥m-bn-cn°pw? amdnbXp a\p-jyt\m AtXm Cu ]mhw
Rmt\m?

]≠v Im¬\-S-bm-{X-°m¿°v XÆo¿∏-¥-en-en-cp∂v £oW-a-I-‰m≥ Rm≥

th≠n-bn-cp∂p. Fs‚ kzmZn-s\-∏‰n a\p-jy≥ kmlnXy krjvSn-Iƒ cNn-
®p. F√mw \√ `qX-Imew. C∂p Rm≥ GXm≠v A\yw \n¬°p∂ L´-
Øn-em-Wv. Fs‚ KpW-ß-fn¬ Hcp Ipdhpw h∂n-´n-√. [mXp-°fpw
Du¿Phpw amwky-hp-sams° ]Xn-hp-t]mse. C∂v Fs‚ ap∂n¬ h®p
a\p-jy≥ ]pØ≥ ]m\o-b-߃ \pW-bp-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ h√mØ
hnjaw tXm∂p-∂p.

Poh-imkv{Xw
83
]m\o-b-ß-fpsS Bfl-KXw hmbn-®-t√m.
Ch- I q- S msX at‰- s X√mw ]m\o- b - ß ƒ
\n߃ IpSn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p≠v?
enÃp sNøq.
Chbn¬ GsX√mamWv Hgn-hm-t°-≠Xv?
F¥psIm≠v?
\nß-fpsS \m´n¬ ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn e`-y-
am-Ip∂ ]m\o-b-߃ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂pt≠m? \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-XØ - n¬
]pØ≥ ]m\o-bß- f
- psS IS-∂p-Ib
- ‰w F{X-
tØmfw A`n-e-j-Wo-b-am-Wv? kb≥kv
¢_ns‚ B`n- a p- J - y - Ø n¬ Hc- t \zjWw
\SØn Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-
∏n-°q.
\yq\-t]m-jWw
Aan-Xm-lmcw t]mse-Xs∂ t]mj-Im-lm-
c-Øns‚ A`mhhpw Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-߃
krjvSn- ° p∂p≠mhp- a t√m. NphsS
tN¿Øncn- ° p∂ Nn{Xo- I - c Ww (8.1)
{i≤n°q.
t]mj-I-L-S-I-ß-fpsS A]-c-ym-]vXX aqe-
ap-≠m-Ip∂ a‰p tcmK-߃ enÃp sNøq.

tKmbn-‰¿ (goitre) I-zm-jn-tbm¿°¿ (kwashiorkor)

`£-W-Øn¬ Ab-Uns‚
A`m- h - Ø m- e p- ≠ m- I p∂
tcmKw. ssXtdmbvUv {KŸn-
ho¿Øph-ep-Xm-Ip-∂p.
amwk-y-Øns‚ A`mhw sIm
≠p Ip´n- I - f n- e p- ≠ m- I p∂
tcmKw. hf¿® apc-Sn-°p-∂p.
am\-knI hf¿® aµo-`-hn-°p-
∂p. D¥nb hbdv, Xpdn® IÆp-
Iƒ, \o¿s°´v _m[n® -Im-ep-
Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh e£-W-ß-
fmWv.

acmkvakv (marasmus) dn°‰vkv (rickets)

amwk-y-Øns‚bpw Du¿P- hn‰m-an≥ D bpsS A]-c-ym-]vX-
Øn-s‚bpw A`mhw sIm≠p- X- s Im≠v Ip´n- I - f nep≠m
≠m-Ip-∂p. timjn® ico-cw, Ip∂ tcmKw. hf-™ ssI-Im-
s]m¥nb hmcn-sb-√p-Iƒ, ep- I fpw {Zhn® ]√p- I fpw
Ipgn™ IÆp-Iƒ, hc≠ k‘n-I-fn¬ thZ\bpw e£-
N¿Ωw F∂nh e£-Wß - - W-߃ BWv.
fm-Wv.
t]mj-W-°p-d-hp-aqew D≠m-Ip∂ hnf¿® (nutritional anaemia).
Ccpºns‚ Ipd-hp-aqew D≠m-Ip∂ A\o-anb \ΩpsS \m´n¬ hym]-I-amWv. t^mfnIv
BknUv, hn‰-man≥ B12 F∂n-h-bpsS Ipd-hp-sIm≠v kv{XoIƒ°v K¿`-Im-eØv saK-tem-
ªvfm-kv-‰nIv A\o-anb (megaloblastic anaemia) D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°v Ccpºpw
t^mfnIv BknUpw AS-ßnb Kpfn-I-Itfm tSmWnt°m \¬Ip∂Xv CXp-X-S-bm≥
th≠n-bm-Wv.

Nn{XoIcWw ˛ 8.1

\nß-fpsS {]tZ-iØv GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ A]-cym-]vX-Xm-tcm-K-߃ {]I-S-am-Ip-

∂pt≠m? Cu {]iv\sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Hcp t{]mPIv‰v \n¿h-ln®v dnt∏m¿´v Xbmdm°n
¢mkn¬ Ah-Xc-- n-∏n-°q.

Poh-imkv{Xw
84
Btcm-Ky-ap≈ a\ v Btcm-Ky-ap≈ ico- Ak-z-ÿ-am-Im-dnt√?
c-Øn¬ a\ ns‚ kpÿn-Xnsb kzm[o-\n-°p∂
imco- c nImtcmKysØ A\p- I q- e - a mbpw LS-I-߃ GsXm-s°-bmWv?
{]XnIq-e-ambpw _m[n-°p∂ LS-I-߃ $ hnt\m-Z-߃
]cn-N-b-s∏-´-t√m. ico-c-Øns‚ kpÿnXn
$
am{X-amtWm Btcm-Kyw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v
hnh-£n-°p-∂Xv? a\- ns‚ kpÿn-Xnbpw $
{][m-\-at√? Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn N¿®sNbvXv kb≥kv Ub-
dn-bn¬ Ipdn-°q.
imco- c n- I m- t cm- K yw a\-   ns‚ Btcm- K - y -
sØbpw am\-kn-Im-tcm-Kyw ico-c-Øns‚ a\- ns‚bpw ico-c-Øns‚bpw kpÿn-
Btcm-K-y-sØbpw B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Xnsb XI-cm-dn-em-°p∂ Zp»oe-ßfpw kaq-
l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂p.
\ap°v ZpxJw tXm∂p-tºmƒ hni∏p \jvS-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂nbn-´nt√? imco-cn-I- X∂n- c n- ° p∂ sImfmjv {i≤n°q.
amb Ak-zm-ÿyap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ a\ pw (Nn{XoIcWw ˛ 8.2)

n
]w‡

]mc m-Sm≥ -s∏´

- X n sc t man-b
v°
s° l
-߃ cwKØv ¬ t ƒ
» o - e
Zp m¿Yn-Iƒ 14 : p-a-cp-∂nm-{]-Xn`I
hnZy HIvtSm_¿
\w ab-° al
ssIa

imkv{X-te-J\w
aZyw, ]pI-bne, ]m≥a-km-e˛
- H
- ∏w Im≥kdpw
Btc-mKy-amWv hne-aX - n-°m-\m-ImØ tºmƒ Im≥k-dn\p Imc-W-am-Ip∂
kº-Øv. hy‡n-bpsS Btcm-Ky-amWv \nc-h[n cmk-hk - vXp-°ƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-
kmaqlymtcmKy- Ø ns‚ ASn- Ø d. ∂p. ]m≥a-kme hmbnse Im≥k-dn\v
Btcm- K y- Ø n\v lm\n- I - c - a m- I p∂ Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. A∂-]-Y-Ønse
bmsXm∂pw \ΩpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂v D≠m- Im≥k-dn\p am{X-a√ Kpcp-X-c-amb
- f n ¬ ‡n Im≥ ]mSn√. \ΩpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn\pw
Bbp- n\pw Hcp-t]mse sh√p-hn-fn-
Icƒ tcmK-߃°pw aZy-]m\w hgna-
cp-∂m-Ipw.
°
p h m -\m-k Db¿Øp∂ alm-hn-]Ø - mWv Im≥k¿. ]pI- h - e n- ° m- c n¬ I≠p- h - c p∂
b y-]m p . Nne tImi-߃ \nb-{¥-Wm-Xo-X-ambn as‰mcp tcmK-amWv t{_mss¶-‰n-kv.
aZ q S p - ∂ hn`-Pn°pIbpw a‰p `mK-ß-fn-te°v
hym]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-
]pI-bn-eP
\-]Y- Ø
- \y cmkhkvXp-°ƒ izk-
- nse koen-bI - f
- psS Ne-
I bmWv Im≥k¿. \qdn-tesd hyXy-kvX- \sØ XSbp-Ibpw izmk--\m-f-
Xcw Im≥k-dp-Iƒ Xncn-®d- n-bs- ∏-´n-´p≠v. Øn¬ t«jvaw ASn-™p-IqSn
aZyw, ]pI-bn-e, ]m≥a-kme XpS-ßnb izmk- t Im- i - Ø n¬ ho°w
]Zm¿Y- ß ƒ Im≥k- d n- t e- ° p≈ D≠mhpIbpw sNøp∂ Ah-
Ipdp°p hgn-bm-Wv. ]pI-bne IØp- ÿ-bmWv t{_mss¶-‰nkv.

Nn{XoIcWw ˛ 8.2
NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ kqN-I-ßsf ASn- bpsS D]- t bm- K hpw krjv S n- ° p∂
ÿm\-am°n sImfm-jn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ BtcmKy, kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-߃.
{]iv\w hni-I-e\w sNøq. hni-I-e-\-°p- $ Cu kmaq-lnI hn]-Øp-Iƒs°-Xnsc
dn∏v ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q. P\- ß sf t_m[- h ¬°- c n- ° m≥
kqN-I-߃ \n߃°v sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ {]h¿Ø-
$ aZy-]m-\hpw ]pI-henbpw ]m≥a-kme- \-߃.
Poh-imkv{Xw
85
ipNnXzw Btcm-Ky-Øn\v
BtcmKyw \ne- \ n¿Øp- ∂ Xn¬ hfsc
{][m-\-s∏´ Hcp LS-I-am-Wt√m hy‡n-
ip-Nn-Xzw. Hcp b{¥w-t]mse {]h¿Øn-
°p∂ a\p-jy ico-c-Øns‚ F√m `mK-
ßfpw ipNn-bmbn kq£n-t°-≠Xv AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Iuam-c-{]m-b-°m-cn¬
tkzZ-{K-Ÿn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ {]h¿Ø-\-£-a-
am-b-Xn-\m¬ hnb¿∏p-¬]m-Z\w IqSp-∂p.
AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ icocw hrØn-bmbn
kq£n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu¿∏-c-ln-
X-am-bXpw hrØn-bp-≈-Xp-amb ASn-h-kv{X-
߃ [cn- ° m≥ {i≤n°- W w. icn- b mb
hy‡n-ip-NnXzw ]men-®n-s√-¶n¬ _mIvSo-
cnb, ^wKkv F∂nh aqe-ap≈ AWp-_m-
[bv°v km[yX IqSp-w. Ip´n-Iƒ {]Xyp-¬]m-
Z\ Ah- b - h - ß - f psS ipNn- X z- Ø n¬
{]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. B¿Ø-h-k-
a-bsØ ipNn-Xz-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-
߃ Adn- b p- ∂ - X n\v s]¨Ip- ´ n- I ƒ°v
sl¬Øv ¢_ns‚ Npa- X - e - b p≈
So®dpsStbm ss{]adn sl¬Øv sk‚-
dnse BtcmKy {]h¿Ø- I - b psStbm
tUmIv S - d psStbm tkh\w tXSm- h p- ∂ -
XmWv.
ico-cw {i≤m-]q¿hw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xp-hgn
]e tcmK- ß - s fbpw \ap°v AI‰n
\n¿Ømw. \ΩpsS icocsØ Fß- s \-
sbms° Btcm-Ky-I-c-ambn kwc-£n-°m≥
Ignbpw? Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn N¿®-sN-øq. NphsS
\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ h¿°vjo‰v ]q¿Øn-bm-°q.

Xz°ns‚ kwc-£Ww $ Znh-khpw c≠p t\cw Ipfn-°pI.

$ ]®-°dn-Ifpw ]g-ßfpw `£-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØpI.
$ Ab-™Xpw hrØn-bp-≈-Xp-amb hkv{X-߃ [cn-°p-I.
$ Cu¿∏-ap≈ hkv{X-߃ [cn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI.
t\{X- kw-c-£Ww $
I¿W kw-c-£Ww $
Z¥ kw-c-£Ww $

hy‡n-ip-NnXzw ]men-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ {][m-\-amWv kmaq-lnIipNn-Xzhpw.

Hcp kvIqfnse 9˛mw ¢mkv hnZ-ym¿Yn-Iƒ tUmIvSdp-ambn \S-Ønb A`n-ap-J-Øns‚ {]k‡-
`m-K-߃ NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv {i≤n-°q. kmaq-ly-ip-NnXzØns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬
]S¿∂p-]n-Sn-°m-hp∂ tcmK-ß-sf-°p-dn®v [mc-W-ssI-h-cn-°q. FbvUvkv tcmKw ]I-cp-∂Xv
Fßs\sb∂v a\- n-em-°q.
tUmIvS¿, \ΩpsS \m´n¬ ASpØ ImeØv ]S¿∂p ]nSn® Nne sshdkv
tcmK-ßf
- mWv Nn°p≥Kp-\n-b, sU¶n-∏\
- n, P∏m≥ Pzcw F∂n-h. CØcw
tcmK-߃ Cßs\ ]I¿∂p-]n-Sn-°m-s\-¥mWp ImcWw?
ASn-ÿm-\-Im-cWw ]cn-k-c-aen-\o-I-cWw Xs∂-bmWv. sImXp-Ip-Iƒ aptJ-\-
bmWt√m Cu tcmK-ß-fpsS hym-]\w \S-°p-∂-Xv. sI´n\n¬°p∂ sh≈-Øn¬
ap´-bn´v sImXp-Ip-Iƒ hf-sc-thKw s]cp-Ip-∂p. D]-tbm-K-iq-\-y-amb Sb-dp-Iƒ,
Sn∂p-Iƒ, πmÃn°v ]m{X-߃, sNSn-®´n F∂n-h-bn-sems° sI´n-\n¬°p∂
sh≈w sImXp-I-fpsS {]P-\-\-tI-{µ-ßfm-Wv. Cu tcmK-߃ am{X-a√ a‰p-]-e-
tcm-K-ßfpw sImXp-Ip-Iƒ ]c-Øp-∂p-≠v.
sImXp-Ip-Iƒ hgn FbvUvkv tcmKw ]I-cptam?

Poh-imkv{Xw
86
FbvUvkn\v Imc-W-w HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) F∂ sshd-km-Wv. Cu
tcmKw sImXp-Ip-hgn ]I-cn-√. HIV _m[n-®-h-cpsS c‡w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xneq-sSbpw
Ah-cp-ambn ssewKnI _‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw FbvUvkv tcmKw ]I-
cpw. AWp-hn-ap-‡-am-°mØ kndn©v, kqNn, ikv{X-{Intbm]-I-c-W-߃ XpS-
ßn--b-hbpw AWp-_m-[bv°v Im-c-W-am-Ip∂ am[y-a-ß-fm-Wv. NnIn’n®v t`Z-am-
°m≥ Ign-bmØ tcmK-am-sW-¶nepw AXns\ ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥
Ign-bpw. i‡-amb IpSpw__‘-ßfpw IpSpw_mw-K-߃ XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-
hn-izm-khpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ tcmK-ßsf AI‰n\n¿Øm≥ h-fsc ^e-{]-Z-am-Wv.
Htcbn\w sImXp-Ip-IfmtWm F√m-tcm-K-ßfpw ]c-Øp-∂Xv?
A√. Nne-bn\w sImXp-Ip-Iƒ Nne {]tX-yI Xcw tcmK߃ ]c-Øp∂p. DZm-l-
c-W-ambn FbvUnkv CuPn]v‰n (Aedes aegypti), FbvUnkv B¬t_m-]n-Iv‰kv (Aedes
albopictus) F∂o sImXp-Ip-I-fmWv bYm-{Iaw Nn°p≥Kp-\nb, sU¶n-∏\n F∂o
tcmK-߃ ]cØp-∂Xv. Iyq-eIvkv (Culex) sIm-Xp-I-Iƒ a¥v ]c-Øp-∂p. At\m-
^n-ekv (Anopheles) sIm-Xp-Ip-Iƒ ate-dnbbpw.
\ΩpsS Pe-t{km-X 
- p-Iƒ hf-sc-thKw aen-\a- m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ib
- m-Wt- √m.
Peaen-\o-I-cWw sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ -tcm-K-ß-sf∏‰n hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam?
tImfd, hb-dp-ISn, a™-∏nØw, ssSt^mbvUv XpS-ßn-b-h-sbm-s° aen-\-P-e-
Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv ]I-cp-∂-Xv. ip≤-Pew D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw \ΩpsS ip≤-
P-e-t{km-X- p-Iƒ aen-\-am-ImsX kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw amc-I-amb Cu tcmK-
߃ XS-bm≥ Ign-bpw. Xpd- mb ÿeØp ae-hn-k¿P\w \S-Øp-∂Xp Pe-
t{km-X- p-I-fpsS aen-\o-I-c-W-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. "F√m ho´nepw I°qkv'
F∂ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-Øns‚ {]k‡n ChnsSbmWv.
C∂v Fen-∏\n P\-߃°v Hcp t]Sn-kz-]v\a- mbncn-°p-Ib
- m-Wv. Fen-Isf
\in-∏n-®Xp sIm≠p-am{Xw Cu tcmKw \n¿am¿P\w sNøm≥ Ign-bptam?
Fen\io-I-cWw sIm≠p-am{Xw Fen-∏\n \n¿am¿P\w sNøm≥ Ign-bn-√. N∏pN-
h-dp-Ifpw ]mgvh-kvXp-°fpw Iq\-Iq´nbnSp-∂Xv Fen-Iƒ s]cp-Im≥ Imc-W-am-Ip-
sa-∂Xp icn-Xs∂. \ΩpsS \m´n¬ Fen-∏\n F∂-dn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ se]vt‰mkvss]tdm-
knkv (leptospirosis) Fen, \mb, ]ip XpS-ßnb P¥p-°-fpsS aq{X-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv
]I-cp-∂-Xv. icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ amen-\y-߃ kwkvI-cn-°p-I, Fen-Iƒ s]cp-Im-
\p≈ a‰p kml-N-cy-߃ C√m-Xm-°p-I, Blm-c-hpw IpSn-sh-≈hpw AS®v kq£n-
°p-I XpS-ßnb ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ Fen-∏-\n-s°-Xnsc kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tcmK-
e-£-W-߃ I≠m¬ ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn sshZy-k-lmbw tXSWw.
]´W-ß-fnepw hyh-km-b-im-e-I-fpsS kao-]Øpw Xma-kn-°p∂ P\-ß-
fn¬ izmk-tIm-it- cm-Kß
- f
- psS \nc°v IqSp-Xe
- mWt√m. F¥mWv CXn\p
ImcWw?
A¥co-£-a-en-\o-I-cWw Xs∂-bmWv CXn\v {][m-\ -Im-c-Ww. A¥-co-£-Ønse
s]mSnbpw ]pIbpw kƒ^¿Utbm-IvsskUv t]mep≈ cmk-h-kvXp-°fpw an°-
hmdpw a\p-jy-cn¬ hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Ae¿Pn-, BkvXva F∂nhbp≠m°p-∂p.
t{_mss¶-‰n-kv, Fwss^-koa XpS-ßnb izmk-tIm-i-tcm-K-߃°v ]pdsa Im≥k-
dn-\p- hsc Ch Imc-W-am-tb-°mw. tamt´m¿ hml-\-ß-fn-sebpw a‰pw C‘-\-߃
A]q¿W-ambn IØp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Ie-cp∂ Im¿_¨

Poh-imkv{Xw
87
 tam-tWm-IvsskUv a\pjyico-c-Øn-seØn lotam-t•m-_n-\p-ambn tNcp-∂p. CXv
c‡-Ønte°v HmIvkn-P≥ kzoI-cn-°s-- ∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v XS-k-am-Ip-∂p. X∑qew Kpcp-
X-c-amb Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂p.
sXmgn¬P\ytcmK-߃ F∂m-se-¥mWv tUmIvS¿?
Nne {]tXy-I-ta-J-e-Ifn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°v AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ tcmK-
ß-fp-≠m-hm-\p≈ km[y-X-bp-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v ]md-a-S-bn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂-
h¿°v izmk-]-YØn-\p≈n¬ ]md-s∏mSn ASn™v knen-t°m-knkv (silicosis) F∂
tcmK-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. Bkv_-tÃmkvjo‰v \n¿amWtaJ-e-bn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂
sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Bkv_-tÃmkv s]mSn izkn-°p-∂-Xp-aqew Bkv_-tÃmknkv
(asbestosis) F∂ tcmKw D≠m-Ip-∂p. CØcw tcmK-ß-fmWv sXmgn¬P\ytcmK-
߃ (occupational diseases).
Fs¥mcp s]mSnbm
CXv. izmkw ap´p-∂p.

Nn{Xw ˛ 8.2

Nn{Xw (8.2) kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\- Kn-I-amtWm F∂v ]co-£n®p t\m°q.

Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm- Btcm-KysØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ \nc-h[ - nL
- S-
dm°n ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q. I-߃ Ds≠∂v a\- n-em-bn-t√. Cu LS-
 Nn{Xw GXp {]iv \ Øn- t e- ° mWv I-ßsf Btcm-Ky-]m-e-\-Øn-\v D-X-Ip-∂-X-
shfn®w hoip-∂-Xv? cØn¬ \ne- \ n¿tØ- ≠ Xv Pohs‚
 \nß-fpsS {]tZ-iØv CØcw kml-N- kpc£bv°v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
cy-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m? Ds≠- Nn{Xo-I-cWw (8.3) \nco-£n-°q.
¶n¬ AXns‚ ImcWw Fs¥∂v Is≠-
Øq. ]cn-lm-c-߃ \n¿tZin-°q.
 amen\ykwkvI-c-W-Øn¬ s]mXp-P-\-
ßsf klm- b n- ° m≥ \n߃s°¥v
sNøm≥ Ignbpw?
\nß-fpsS hnZym-e-b-Ønepw ho´n-ep-ap-≠m-
Ip∂ ssPh-am-en-\y-߃ ^e-{]-Z-ambn
kwkvI-cn-t°≠-Xt√?
\nß-fpsS ]cn-k-c-{]-tZißfn¬ D≈ aÆn-
c-°-tºmÃv/_tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v kµ¿in-
°q. amen-\y-kw-kvI-cWw Imcy-£-a-am-°p-
hm≥ CØcw kwhn-[m-\-߃ klm-b-I-c-
Nn{Xo-I-cWw ˛ 8.3
am-hnt√? Ch ÿm]n-°m≥ Fs¥ms°
C\n "BtcmKyw' F∂-Xn\v Hcp {]mtbm-
Xbm- s d- S p- ∏ p- I ƒ \S- Ø Wsa∂v a\-   n-
KnI \n¿hN\w cq]s∏-Sp-Øq.
em°q. \nß-fpsS hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ {]mtbm-
Poh-imkv{Xw
88