Prof Kailash Tuli

PERCEPTION & ATTRIBUTION

WHAT IS PERCEPTION?
 Perception is the process by which an individual
organize and interpret their sensory impressions
in order to give meaning to their environment
 The world as it is perceived is the world that is
behaviorally important
 Perception is collectively those processes that
give coherence and unity to sensory inputs
 Five sensory input organs bring in information
WHAT IS PERCP? CONTD……
 It is a unique combination of physical,
physiological, neurological, sensory, cognitive
and affective compositions
 Term includes nearly all aspects of Psychology
 Every perceptual input passes through the
organism (Throughput) and finally leads to
response which may be overt or covert
FACTORS DETERMINING PERCP.
 Attention
 Constancy
 Motivation
 Organization
 Set
 Learning
 Distortion & Hallucination
 Illusion
PERSON PERCEPTION
 Judging human beings is different than judging
objects
 Analogy of camera or video
 Internality & externality
 A) Distinctiveness B) Consensus, C) Consistency
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
 Individual behavior is influenced by
 Distinctness
 Consensus
 Consistency
FACTORS IN THE PERCEIVER
 Attitude
 Motive
 Interest
 Experience
 Expectations
FACTORS IN THE SITUATION
 Time
 Work-setting
 Social setting
FACTORS IN THE TARGET
 Novelty
 Motion
 Sounds
 Size
 Background
 Proximity
 Similarity
JUDGING OTHERS: PERSON PERCEPTION
 It is explained by Attribution Theory
 It is Observation---Interpretation----Attribution of
cause
 Depends on three individual factors like;
Distinctiveness, Consensus & consistency
SHORT CUTS IN JUDGING PEOPLE
 Selective Perception
 Halo effect
 Contrast effect
 Projection
 Stereotyping
COMMON BIASES AND ERRORS
 Overconfidence Bias
 Anchoring bias
 Confirmation bias
 Availability
 Representative bias
APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIZATIONS
 Employment interviews
 Performance expectations
 Ethnic profiling
 Performance evaluation
 Employee effort