Design of HPF FIR Filter Using Hanning Window

clc;
wc=0.5*pi;
w=0:pi/4:pi;
N=9;
n=-(N-1)/2:1:(N-1)/2;
hd=[sin(pi*(n+eps))-sin((pi*(n+eps))/2)]./(pi*(n+eps));
disp('hd=');
disp(hd);
wh=hann(N);
disp('wh');
disp(wh);
hn=hd.*wh';
disp('hn');
disp(hn);
H=freqz(hn,1,w);
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(w,H);
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
mag=0.5+.0308*cos(3*w)-0.5424*cos(w);
disp('magnitude');
disp(mag);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(w,mag);
title('magnitude response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
ang=-4*w;
disp('phase');
disp(ang);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(w,ang);
title('phase response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('phase');
Output
hd=
Columns 1 through 8
-0.0000 0.1061 -0.0000 -0.3183 0.5000 -0.3183 -0.0000 0.1061
Column 9
-0.0000
wh
0 0.1464 0.5000 0.8536 1.0000 0.8536 0.5000 0.1464 0
hn
Columns 1 through 8
0 0.0155 -0.0000 -0.2717 0.5000 -0.2717 -0.0000 0.0155
Column 9
0
magnitude
-0.0116 0.0947 0.5000 0.9053 1.0116
phase
0 -3.1416 -6.2832 -9.4248 -12.5664
Design of HPF FIR Filter Using Blackman Window

clc;
wc=0.5*pi;
w=0:pi/4:pi;
N=9;
n=-(N-1)/2:1:(N-1)/2;
hd=[sin(pi*(n+eps))-sin((pi*(n+eps))/2)]./(pi*(n+eps));
disp('hd=');
disp(hd);
wh=blackman(N);
disp('wh');
disp(wh);
hn=hd.*wh';
disp('hn');
disp(hn);
H=freqz(hn,1,w);
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(w,H);
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
mag=0.5+0.0128*cos(3*w)-0.4919*cos(w);
disp('magnitude');
disp(mag);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(w,mag);
title('magnitude response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
ang=-4*w;
disp('phase');
disp(ang);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(w,ang);
title('phase response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('phase');
Output
hd=
Columns 1 through 8
-0.0000 0.1061 -0.0000 -0.3183 0.5000 -0.3183 -0.0000 0.1061
Column 9
-0.0000
wh
-0.0000 0.0664 0.3400 0.7736 1.0000 0.7736 0.3400 0.0664 -0.0000
hn
Columns 1 through 8
0.0000 0.0071 -0.0000 -0.2462 0.5000 -0.2462 -0.0000 0.0071
Column 9
0.0000
magnitude
0.0212 0.1433 0.5000 0.8567 0.9788
phase
0 -3.1416 -6.2832 -9.4248 -12.5664
Design of HPF FIR Filter Using Hamming Window

clc;
wc=0.5*pi;
w=0:pi/4:pi;
N=9;
n=-(N-1)/2:1:(N-1)/2;
hd=[sin(pi*(n+eps))-sin((pi*(n+eps))/2)]./(pi*(n+eps));
disp('hd=');
disp(hd);
wh=hamming(N);
disp('wh');
disp(wh);
hn=hd.*wh';
disp('hn');
disp(hn);
H=freqz(hn,1,w);
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(w,H);
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
mag=0.5+0.04*cos(3*w)-0.54*cos(w);
disp('magnitude');
disp(mag);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(w,mag);
title('magnitude response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
ang=-4*w;
disp('phase');
disp(ang);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(w,ang);
title('phase response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('phase');
Output
hd=
-0.0000 0.1061 -0.0000 -0.3183 0.5000 -0.3183 -0.0000 0.1061 -0.0000
wh
0.0800 0.2147 0.5400 0.8653 1.0000 0.8653 0.5400 0.2147 0.0800
hn
-0.0000 0.0228 -0.0000 -0.2754 0.5000 -0.2754 -0.0000 0.0228 -0.0000
magnitude
0 0.0899 0.5000 0.9101 1.0000

phase
0 -3.1416 -6.2832 -9.4248 -12.5664
Design of HPF FIR Filter Using Rectangular Window

clc;
wc=0.5*pi;
w=0:pi/4:pi;
N=9;
n=-(N-1)/2:1:(N-1)/2;
hd=[sin(pi*(n+eps))-sin((pi*(n+eps))/2)]./(pi*(n+eps));
disp('hd=');
disp(hd);
wh=boxcar(N);
disp('wh');
disp(wh);
hn=hd.*wh';
disp('hn');
disp(hn);
H=freqz(hn,1,w);
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(w,H);
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
mag=0.5+2*[0.106*cos(3*w)-0.318*cos(w)];
disp('magnitude');
disp(mag);
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(w,mag);
title('magnitude response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('mag');
ang=-4*w;
disp('phase');
disp(ang);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(w,ang);
title('phase response');
xlabel('w');
ylabel('phase');
OUTPUT:
hd=
Columns 1 through 8
-0.0000 0.1061 -0.0000 -0.3183 0.5000 -0.3183 -0.0000 0.1061
Column 9
-0.0000
wh 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
hn
Columns 1 through 8
-0.0000 0.1061 -0.0000 -0.3183 0.5000 -0.3183 -0.0000 0.1061
Column 9
-0.0000
magnitude
0.0760 -0.0996 0.5000 1.0996 0.9240
phase
0 -3.1416 -6.2832 -9.4248 -12.5664

FIGURE:
 SAMPLING RATE

% program for down sampling by M

N=50;
M=2;
n=0:1:N-1;
fs=10;
m=0:1:N*M-1;
x=2*sin((2*pi*m)/fs);
k=1:M:length(x);
yd=x(k);
figure(1);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(n,x(1:N));
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(n,yd);

%up sampling by L

L=2;
x=sin((2*pi*n)/fs);
ye=zeros(1,L*length(x));
ye([1:L:length(ye)])=x;
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1);stem(n,x);
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(n,ye(1:length(x)));

%Spectrum of the decimator

F=[0 .25 .4 .5 .6 .75 1];
A=[0 1 0 0 0 1 0];N=101;
x=fir2(N,F,A);disp(x);
[Xz,w]=freqz(x,1,1001);
figure(3);subplot(2,1,1);plot(w/pi,abs(Xz));
title('spectrum of input');
xlabel('normalized frequency');ylabel('amplitude');
M=2;yd=x([1:M:length(x)]);
[Yz1,w]=freqz(yd,1,1024);
figure(3);subplot(2,1,2);plot(w/pi,abs(Yz1));xlabel('normalized frequency');ylabel('amplitude');
title('spectrum of decimated signal')

%spectrum of interpolator

F=[0 .25 .5 .75 1];N=101;

A=[0 0 1 0 0];
x=fir2(N,F,A);
[Xz,w]=freqz(x,1,101);
figure(4);subplot(2,1,1);plot(w/pi,abs(Xz));
%Up sampling
L=5;%fs=20; x=sin(2*pi*n/fs);
ye=zeros(1,L*length(x));
ye([1:L:length(ye)])=x;
%subplot(2,1,2);stem(n,ye(1:length(x)));
[Yz,w]=freqz(ye,1,1024);
figure(4);subplot(2,1,2);plot(w/pi,abs(Yz));

Output:
DOWN SAMPLING
Upsampling:
 Sampling Theorem
%over sampling

t=0:0.1:1;xt=(2*sin(2*pi*t))+(4*cos(2*pi*3*t))+(sin(2*pi*4*t));
subplot(3,4,1);plot(t,xt);
title('actual signal');
xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
fs=12;ts=1/fs;n=0:1:20;
xn=(2*sin(2*pi*n*ts))+(4*cos(2*pi*3*n*ts))+(sin(2*pi*4*n*ts));
subplot(3,4,2);stem(n,xn);
title('sampled signal');
xlabel('n');ylabel('amplitude');
xr=xn*(sinc(fs*((ones(length(n),1)*t)-((n*ts)'*(ones(1,length(t)))))));
subplot(3,4,3);plot(t,xr);
title('reconstructed signal');xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
xr1=spline((n*ts),xn,t);
subplot(3,4,4);plot(t,xr1);
title('spline function');
xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
e=max(abs(xt-xr));
disp('over sampling');disp(e);

%Nyquist rate sampling

t=0:0.1:1;xt=(2*sin(2*pi*t))+(4*cos(2*pi*3*t))+(sin(2*pi*4*t));
subplot(3,4,5);plot(t,xt);
title('actual signal');
xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
fs=8;ts=1/fs;n=0:1:20;
xn=(2*sin(2*pi*n*ts))+(4*cos(2*pi*3*n*ts))+(sin(2*pi*4*n*ts));
subplot(3,4,6);stem(n,xn);
title('sampled signal');
xlabel('n');ylabel('amplitude');
xr=xn*(sinc(fs*((ones(length(n),1)*t)-((n*ts)'*(ones(1,length(t)))))));
subplot(3,4,7);plot(t,xr);
title('reconstructed signal');xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
xr1=spline((n*ts),xn,t);
subplot(3,4,8);plot(t,xr1);
title('spline function');
xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
e=max(abs(xt-xr));
disp('Nyquist rate');disp(e);
%Undersampling

t=0:0.1:1;xt=(2*sin(2*pi*t))+(4*cos(2*pi*3*t))+(sin(2*pi*4*t));
subplot(3,4,9);plot(t,xt);
title('actual signal');
xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
fs=5;ts=1/fs;n=0:1:20;
xn=(2*sin(2*pi*n*ts))+(4*cos(2*pi*3*n*ts))+(sin(2*pi*4*n*ts));
subplot(3,4,10);stem(n,xn);
title('sampled signal');
xlabel('n');ylabel('amplitude');
xr=xn*(sinc(fs*((ones(length(n),1)*t)-((n*ts)'*(ones(1,length(t)))))));
subplot(3,4,11);plot(t,xr);
title('reconstructed signal');xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
xr1=spline((n*ts),xn,t);
subplot(3,4,12);plot(t,xr1);
title('spline function');
xlabel('time');ylabel('amplitude');
e=max(abs(xt-xr));
disp('Undersampling');disp(e);

Output
over sampling
0.0426
Nyquist rate
0.9654
Undersampling
8.1912
Figure: