Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for

testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or
108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.

CHAPTER 14

120 − 60
14-1. (a) P = = 0.43 200
200 − 60 water
180
200 − 180
R= = 0.33
120 − 60 120

F = 0.985 {Fig. 14-19]

air
(180 − 60) − (200 − 120) 60
LMTD =
(180 − 60) 1 2
ln
(200 − 120)
LMTD = 98.7°F

 cp)air = 5000 x 60 (29.92x0.491x144) (0.24)

(b) Cc = ( m
53.35(520)
= 5490 Btu/hr-F
Ch = Cc(ta2 – ta1)/(tw2 – tw1) = 5490(120 – 60)/(200 – 180)
= 16,500 Btu/hr-F

 ρcp)w = 16,500 Btu/hr-F

 cp)w = ( Q
(c) Ch = ( m
 = 16,500 = 275 ft3/hr; Q
Q  = 275(7.48) = 34 gpm
(60.1)(1) 60

(d) q = UAF(LMTD)
C ( t − t ) 16,500(200 − 180)
UA = h w2 w1 = = 3390 Btu/hr-F
F(LMTD) 0.985(98.7)

UA UA UA
(e) NTU = = =
Cmin Cc Cair
3390
NTU = = 0.62
5490
 267

120 − 60
(f) ε = 0.43
200 − 60

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
268
14-2. (a) q = UAF(LMTD) = ( m  cp)air(110-50)
m a = 4000 x 14.7 x 144/(53.35 x 510) = 311.2 lb/min
or 18,672 lb/hr
q = 18,672(0.24)(110-50) = 268,874 Btu/hr
q = ( m
 cpw)(180 – tho) = (25 x 8.33)(1)(180 – tho)60
268,874
tho = 180 - = 158.5 F or 159 F
25x8.33x60
110 − 50 180 − 159
P= = 0.46; R = = 0.35
180 − 50 110 − 50
F = 0.98; Fig. 14-1
109 − 70
LMTD = = 88
⎛ 109 ⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 70 ⎠
268,874
A = q /(UF x LMTD) = = 312 ft2
10x0.98x88

(b) Cair = 18,672(0.24) = 4481 = Cmin

Cwat = 25 x (60.8/7.48) x 60 = 12,193 = Cmax
110 − 50 C 4481
ε= = 0.461; min = = 0.37
180 − 50 Cmax 12,193
NTU = 0.7, Fig. 14-18
0.7x4481
UA/Cmin = 0.7; A = = 314 ft2
10

14.7x144
14-3.  air = 3200 x 60 x
(a) m = 13,726 lb/hr
53.35x555
Cair = Cmin = 3294
refrig.
10 x300 125 125
NTU = = 0.91
3294
ε = 0.615, Fig. 14-18 T
air T
at Cmin/Cmax = 0
95

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 269
14-3. (continued)
tco − 95
0.615 = ; tco = tao = 0.615(125 – 95) + 95
125 − 95
tao = 113.5°F

(b) q = Cair(tao – tai) = m

 rifg = 3294(113.5 – 95)
3294(113.5 − 95)
m r= = 928 lb/hr
65.5

1/ 2
⎡ 2h ⎤ ⎡ 2x10 ⎤
14-4. (a) m = ⎢ ⎥ =⎢ ⎥ = 18.26 ft-1
⎣ ky ⎦ ⎣ 90(0.008 /12) ⎦
(1.0 − 0.5)
lm = 18.26 = 0.76
12
R/r = 1/0.5 = 2.0; η = 0.8, Fig. 14-4

tanh(mrφ ) ⎛ R ⎞⎛ R⎞
(b) η = ; φ = ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜ 1 + 0.35ln ⎟ = 1.243
(mrφ ) ⎝r ⎠⎝ r⎠
mrφ = (18.26)(0.5/12)1.243 = 0.9454
tanh(0.9454)
η= = 0.78
0.9454

(c) Within readability of Fig. 14-4 the answers are the same

Af
14-5. ηs = 1- (1 - η); η = 0.78 from proplem 14-4
A
ηs = 1-0.9(1-0.78) = 0.80

1 1 ∆x 1 1 (0.015 /12)
14-6. = + + = +
Uo hoηso k(A m / A o ) hi (A i / A o ) 10x0.8 (100x1)
1
+ = 0.17; Assumes Ai ≈ Ao and kcopper ≈ 100
200x(1/ 9)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
270
The second term may be neglected
Uo = 5.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

1 1 1
14-7. = + = 0.133
Uo 10x0.8 1100(1/ 9)
Uo = 7.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

tanh(mA )
14-8. η=
mA
1/ 2 1/ 2
⎡ 2h ⎤ ⎡ 2x57 ⎤
m= ⎢ ⎥ =⎢ −3 ⎥ = 64.18 m-1
⎣ ky ⎦ ⎣173(0.16x10 ) ⎦
ml = 64.18(6 x 10-3) = 0.385; η = 0.953

Af
14-9. ηs = 1 - (1 - η) = 1 – 0.85(1 – 0.95)
A
ηs = 0.96

1 1 ∆x 1 1 A 1 1 ∆x
14-10. = + + ; = + ; Assume =0
UA hr A p kA p hAηs U A p hr hηs kA p

Af = 2HLWPs mm2; Ap = LW mm2; A = Af + (LW – tLWPs)

Where Ps = fin pitch in fins/in. and L = W = 1

A 2HLWPs + LW − tPs 2x6x0.47 + 1 − 0.16x.47

= = = 1.164
Ap 2HLWPs 2x6x.47

1 1.164 1
= + = 0.019; U = 52.3 W/(m2 – C)
U 1400 57(0.96)

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 271
tanh(mrφ ) ⎡ Re ⎤⎡ ⎛ Re ⎞ ⎤
14-11. η= ;φ= ⎢ − 1⎥⎢1 + 0.35ln ⎜ ⎟⎥
mrφ ⎣ r ⎦⎣ ⎝ r ⎠⎦
Re
= 1.28 ψ(β - 0.2)1/2 ; m =
r
1/ 2
⎡ 2h ⎤
⎢ ky ⎥ Dim1
⎣ ⎦
a
M L
ψ= ;β= ;L≥M
r M
a 1.12 b
(a) Dim1 = = = 0.56 in Dim2
2 2 b = 1.35 in.
1/ 2
1 ⎡⎛ a ⎞ ⎤
2
2
Dim2 = ⎢⎜ ⎟ + b ⎥
2 ⎢⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎣
1
= [(0.56)2 + (1.35)2]1/2 = 0.73
2
Then L = Dim2 = 0.73 in.; M = Dim1 = 0.56 in.
0.56 0.73
ψ= = 1.75; β = = 1.3
(0.64 / 2) 0.56
Re
= 1.27(1.75)(1.3 – 0.3)1/2 = 2.22
r
1/ 2
⎡ 2x10 ⎤
φ = (2.22– 1)[1 + 0.35ln(2.22)] = 1.56; m = ⎢ ⎥ = 16.33 ft-1
⎣ 90(0.01/12) ⎦
mrφ = 16.33(0.32/12)1.56 = 0.631
Dim2
tanh(0.762)
η= = 0.869
0.762
a Dim1
(b) Dim1 = = 12.5 mm
2 a = 25 mm

1
Dim2 = [222 + 12.52]1/2 = 12.65 mm
2
b
L = Dim2 = 12.65 mm
b = 22 mm
M = Dim1 = 12.5 mm
12.5 12.65
ψ= = 2.5; β = = 1.012
5 12.5
Re
= 1.27(2.5)(1.012 – 0.3)1/2 = 2.69
r
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
272
φ = 2.69 – 1)[1 + 0.35 ln(2.69)] = 2.26
⎡ 2x68 ⎤
m= ⎢ ⎥ = 66.67 m-1
⎣170(0.00018) ⎦
mrφ = 66.67(0.005)2.26 = 0.753
tanh(0.753)
η=
0.753
η = 0.85

1 1 1
14-12. = + ; neglecting tube wall resistance
Uo hoηo h j A j / A o ( )
Af
(a) ηo = 1 - (1 - η) = 1 – 0.9(1 – 0.84) = 0.86
A
1 1 1
= + = 0.120; Uo = 8.60 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
Uo 10x0.86 600(10)
(b) ηo = 1 – 0.9(1 – 0.81) = 0.83
1 1 1
= + = 17.8; Uo = 0.056 kW/(m2 – C)
Uo 0.068x0.83 (3.4x10)

0.6422
⎡ ⎛ 1/12 ⎞ ⎤
2
⎢ 0.64 ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎥
14-13. (a) Rct = 2.222 x 10 -6 ⎢ ⎝ 0.010 ⎠ ⎥
⎢ 0.010 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
-4 2
Rct = 4.15 x 10 (hr-ft -F)/Btu

(b) 12 fins/in = 0.472 fin/mm

0.6422
⎡ ⎛ 1/ 0.72 ⎞2 ⎤
⎢10 ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎥
Rct = 3.913 x 10 -7 ⎢ ⎝ 0.18 ⎠ ⎥ = 1.093 x 10-4(m2 – C)/W
⎢ 0.18 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

ρ VD
14-14. Re = ; ρ = 60.6 lbm/ft3
µ
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 273
DI = 0.545/12 = 0.0454 ft; Table C-2
V =Q  /A = 2.5 x 1
= 3.44 ft/sec
7.48 60(π / 4)(0.0454)2
µ = 0.93 lbm/(ft – hr) = 2.58 x 10-4 lbm/(ft-sec) Table A-1a
60.6(3.44)0.0454
Re = = 36,683; Re = 36,700
2.58x10−4
(L/D)min = 4/0.0454 = 88 ft
Pr = 2.43 (Pr = cpµ/k)
hD 0.8 Pr0.3 ; k = 0.383 Btu/(hr-ft-F)
= 0.023 ReD
k
(0.383)
h = 0.023 (36,700)0.8(2.43)0.3 = 1,136 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(0.0454)

14-15. ρ = 1.01(62.4) = 63.02 LBM/FT2 [Fig. 10-2a]

µ = 0.7/1490 = 4.7 x 10-4 lbm/ft-sec [Fig. 10-2b]
Cp = 0.93 Btu/lbm-F [Fig. 14-8];
K = 0.93 Btu/lbm-F [Fig. 14-9]
V = 3.44 ft/sec [Problem 14-14];
D = 0.0454 ft [Problem 14-14]
63.02(3.44)0.0454
Re = = 20,940
4.7x10−4
(L/D)min = 88 ft [Problem 14-14]
c p µ 4.7x10−4 (3600)0.93
Pr = = = 5.52
k 0.285
(0.285)
h = 0.023 (20,940)0.8(5.52)0.3 = 690 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(0.0454)

14-16. ρ = 1.045 x 62.4 = 65.21 lbm/ft2 ;

µ = 1.3/1490 = 8.725 x 10-4 lbm/(ft-sec)
cp = 0.81; k = 0.22; V = 3.44 ft/sec; D = 0.0454 ft
65.21(3.44)0.0454
Re = = 11,670
8.725x10−4

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
274
0.81x8.725x10−43600
Pr = = 1.16
0.22
(0.22)
h = 0.023 (11,670)0.8(1.16)0.3 = 209 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.0454

14-17. Use hydraulic dia. for rectangular channel

Dh = 4rn = 4(Ac/P) = 4(3/8) = 1.5 in. = 0.125 ft
ρ = 62.4 lbm/ft3 [Table A-1a];
µ = 3.45 lbm/(ft-hr) [Table A-1a]
62.4(4)(0.125)
Re = = 32,556
(3.45 / 3600)
cp = 1.003 Btu/lbm-F [Table a-1a]
k = 0.338 Btu/(ft-hr-F); Pr = 3.45 x 1.003/0.338 = 10
k
(a) For cooling; h = 0.023 Re0.8Pr0.3
D
0.338
h = 0.023 (32,556)0.8(10.2)0.3 = 509 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.125

(b) For heating;

0.338
h = 0.023 (32,556)0.8(10.2)0.4 = 642 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.125

14-18. Dh = 0.125 ft [From problem 14-17]

ρ = 62.4(1.045) = 65.2 lbm/ft3 [Fig. 10-2a]
µ = 3.5/1490 = 2.35 x 10-3 lbm/ft-sec [Fig. 10-2b]
65.2(4)0.125
Re = = 13,900;
2.35x10−3
cp = 0.89 btu/(lbm-F) [Fig. 14-8]
k = 0.28 Btu/(ft-hr-F) [Fig. 14-9];
Pr = 2.35 x 10-3(3600)(0.89)/0.28 = 26.9
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 275

(a) Cooling
(0.28)
h = 0.023 (13,900)0.8(26.9)0.3 = 285 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.125

(26.9)0.4
(b) Heating: h = 285 0.3
= 396 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(26.9)

ρ VD 990.2(1.5)(0.012)
14-19. (a) Re = = = 29,905
µ 0.596x10−3
Assume L/D > 60
hD ⎛ 0.596x103 x4.182 ⎞
Then = 0.023 Re0.8Pr0.4; Pr = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 3.91
k ⎝ 637.3 ⎠
0.023
h= (0.637)(31,157)0.8(3.91)0.4
0.012
h = 8287 W/(m2 – C) = 8.29 kW/(m2 – C)

Data from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b, 14-8 and 14-9.

(1.028)999(1.5)(0.012)
(b) Re = = 15,400
1.2x10−3
1.2x10−3 x3.7x10−3
Pr = = 8.9
0.50
0.023
h= (0.50)(15,400)0.8(8.9)0.4 = 5140 W/(m2 – C)
0.012
= 5.14 kW/(m2 – C)

62.4(0.5)(0.34 /12)
14-20. (a) Re = = 922 < 2500
(3.45 / 3600)
0.14 0.14
hD D ⎛ µ ⎞ ⎛ µ ⎞
= 1.86[RePr ]1/3 ⎜ ⎟ ; Assume ⎜ ⎟ ≈1
k L ⎝ µs ⎠ ⎝ µs ⎠

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
276
3.45(1.004)
Pr = = 10.4
0.332
1.86(0.332) ⎛ 0.34 ⎞ 1/3 2
h= [922(10.4) ⎜ ⎟ ] = 66 Btu/(hr-ft -F)
(0.34 /12) ⎝ 10x12 ⎠

(b) Same procedure as part a using data for 30% ethylene

glycol from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b, 14-8 and 14-9.

992.2(0.10)x103
14-21. Re = = 1519
653
There is a question about the flow regime. It is probably
in the transition region. Assume it is laminar and use
0.14
⎛ µ ⎞
Eq. 14-24 and assume ⎜ ⎟ ≈ 1.
µ
⎝ s⎠
0.653x10 −3 (4.182)
Pr = = 4.34
0.63
1.86(0.63) ⎛ 0.01⎞ 1/3 2
h= [1519(4.34) ⎜ ⎟ ] = 328 W/(m - C)
0.01 ⎝ 3 ⎠

14-22. Use average values for Gv and G and Eq. 14-26.

m 0.9 / 2
G = A ; ( m  )avg = 0.912; (Gl)avg =
2
= 237.8 lbm/(ft 2
-hr)
Ac π ⎛ 0.589 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
4 ⎝ 12 ⎠
 v)avg = (1 + 0.1)/2 = 0.55 lbm/hr
(m
(Gv)avg = 0.55/Ac = 290.6 lbm/(ft2–hr)
DGA ⎛ 0.589 ⎞ ⎛ 237.8 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = 12.3
µA ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 0.95 ⎠
DGv ⎛ 0.589 ⎞ ⎛ 290.6 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = 15
µA ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 0.95 ⎠
0.2
hD ⎛ ifg ⎞
1/ 6
⎡ DG ⎛ ρ ⎞1/ 2 ⎤
= = 13.8(Pr)1/3 ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ v
⎜
A
⎟ ⎥
kA ⎜ c p ∆t ⎟ µ ρ
⎢ A ⎝ v⎠ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎦
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 277
1/ 2 1/ 2
DGv ⎛ ρA ⎞ ⎛ 61.0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 15.0 ⎜ ⎟ = 1008
µA ⎝ ρv ⎠ ⎝ 0.0135 ⎠
0.95(1.001)
Pr = = 2.48
0.384
ifg = 1001 Btu/lbm
∆t ≈ 80 = (160 – 80); twall = 80°F (Using water outside the tubes)
1/ 6
0.384 ⎡ 1001 ⎤
h = 13.8 (2.48)1/3 ⎢1.0(80) ⎥ [1008]0.2
0.589 /12 ⎣ ⎦
h = 888 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

14-23. Use average values of G and Gv and Eq. 14-26

π
Ac = (0.015)2 = 1.767 x 10-4 m2
4
(0.88)0.126x10−3 / 2
(G)avg = −4
= 0.314 kg/(m2 – s)
1.767x10
0.126x10−3 (1 + 0.12) / 2
(Gv)avg = −4
= 0.399 kg/(m2 – s)
1.767x10

DGA 0.015(0.314)
= = 12.1
µA 0.390x10 −3
1/ 2 1/ 2
DGv ⎛ ρA ⎞ 0.015(0.399 ⎡ 976 ⎤
⎜ ⎟ = ⎢ ⎥ = 1024
µA ⎝ ρv ⎠ 0.390x10−3 ⎣ 0.219 ⎦
0.390x10−3 x4.19x103
Pr = = 2.46; ifg = 2326 kJ/kg
0.665
∆t ≈ 45C = (73 – 28); liquid water assumed outside tubes
1/ 6
(0.665) ⎡ 2326 ⎤
h = 13.8 (2.46)1/3 ⎢ 4.19(45) ⎥ (1024)0.2 = 5022 W/(m2 – C)
(0.015) ⎣ ⎦
h = 5.02 kW(m2 – C)

14-24. Use Eq. 14-28

R-22 { Atm inl et x = 0.20; at outlet 10°F superheat

= 80 lbm/hr per tube, P = 70 psia; L = 5 ft1
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
278

Since xc ≥ 1.0; C1 = 8.2 x 10-3; n = 0.4

Assume tube wall thickness of 0.016 in.
Then Dj = 0.375 – 2(0.016) = 0.343 in.
π
Aj = Di2 = 6.417 x 10-4 ft2
4
m 80
G= = −4
= 124,700 lbm/(ft2 – hr)
A j 6.417x10
µ = 0.52 lbm/(ft-hr) at 30°F (sat. temp. at 70 psia)
GD 124,700(0.343 /12)
= = 6855
µA 0.52
k = 0.056 Btu/(hr-ft-F) at 30°F (sat. temp.); Table A-3a
ifg = 88.5 Btu/lbm
0.4
-3 (0.056) ⎡ 2 ⎛ 778(0.8)88.5(32.17) ⎞ ⎤
h = 8.2 x 10 ⎢(6855) ⎜ ⎟⎥
(0.343 /12) ⎣ ⎝ 5(32.17) ⎠⎦
h = 779 btu/(hr-ft2-F)

14-25. Use Equation 14-28

R-22; G = 200 kg/(m2 – s); Di = 8.5 mm; L = 2 m; Pi = 210 kPa
Xj = 30%; xe = 100%
Tsat = -24C at 210 kPa abs. Pres. [Table A-3b]
µ = 0.270 x 10-3 N-s/m2 [Table A-3b]; extrapolate
k = 0.107 W/(m – c) [Table A-3b]
ifg = 223 kJ/kg [Table A-3b]
GD 200(0.0085)
= −3
= 6296
µA 0.270x10
C1 = 8.2 x 10-3; n = 0.4
0.4
(0.107) ⎡ ⎛ 0.7(223)1000 ⎞ ⎤
h = 8.2 x 10 -3
⎢(6296)2 ⎜ ⎟⎥
0.0085 ⎣ ⎝ 2x9.807 ⎠ ⎦
h = 4106 W/(m2 – C) = 4.11 kW/m2 – C

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 279
2
LV
14-26. lh = f ; Assume isothermal
D 2g
Re = 36,700; Problem 14-14; smooth tubes
f = 0.022, Fig. 10-1; L = (6 x 6) + (5 x 1) = 41 ft
Di = 0.0454 ft; V = 3.44 ft/sec, Problem 14-14

41 (3.44)2
l h = 0.022 x x = 3.65 ft
0.0454 2x32.17

L V2
14-27. lh = f ; Assume isothermal
D 2g

V = 0.5 ft/sec; f = 64/Re = 64/922 = 0.069

L = (10 x 10) + (9 x 1.5) = 113.5 ft; Di = 0.34 in.
2
113.5x12 0.5
l h = 0.069 x x = 1.07 ft
0.34 2x32.17

14-28. Refer to Fig. 14-10

Load/circuit = 10 x 12,000/10 = 12,000 Btu/hr
Length/circuit = (6 x 5) + (5 x 0.75) = 33.75 ft
(a) ∆P/L = 0.10 psi/ft; CF = 1.25 Fig. 14-10
∆P = 0.10 x 33.75 x 1.25 = 4.22 psi
(b) ∆P/L = 0.04 psi/ft
CF = 1.25
∆P = 0.04 x 33.75 x 1.25 = 1.7 psi

14-29. Gfr = 1800 lbm/(hr-ft2); t1 = 70°F, t2 = 120°F

(a) Figure 14-12

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
280
Gc xb Gfr 1800
Rex = ; Gc = = = 3214 lbm/(ft2-hr)
µ σ 0.56
µ = 4.6 x 10-2 lbm/(ft-hr) at t = 95°F (Table A-4a)
3214(1.083 /12)
Rex = 6306
4.6x10−2
j = 0.0091; f = 0.021 Fig. 14-12
h = jGc cp Pr-2/3 = 0.0091(3214)0.24(0.7)-2/3
= 8.91 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

(b) Red = 6306 x 0.525/1.083 = 3057; assumes expanded tubes

plus fin collars.
A 4xb xaσ 4 1.25x1.083x0.56
= = 10.08
A t π DhD π 0.0152x0.525x12
JP = (3057)-0.4(10.08)-0.15 = 0.0285 (Eq. 14-39)
j = 9.1 x 10-3 Fig. 14-14; h = 0.0091(3214)(0.24)(0.7)-2/3
= 8.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.525x10.08
D* = = 0.904
(1.25 − 0.525)
1+
1/ 6.7
Using Eq. 14-44:
−0.4
⎡ ⎤
0.25 ⎢
1.25 − 0.525 ⎥
−0.5
⎛ 0.525 ⎞ ⎡ 1.25 ⎤
FP = (3057)-0.25 ⎝⎜ 0.904 ⎠⎟ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ 0.904 − 1⎦⎥ =
⎢ 4 ⎛ 1 − 0.006 ⎞ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎜⎝ 6.7 ⎟⎥
⎠⎦

0.173
f = 4.2 x 10-2 or f = 0.042 (Note that f may be in error up to
±35% (Figure 14-15)

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 281
Gc (0.0275)
14-30. (a) Gc = 4.5 kg/(m2 – s); tb = 20C; Re = ;
µ
µ = 18.2 x 10-6 N-s/m2 [Table A-4b]
4.5(0.0275)
Re = = 6800; cp = 1.005 kJ/kg-C
18.2x10 −6
j = 0.009; f = 0.020 [Fig. 14-12]
h = jGc cp Pr-2/3 = 0.0090(4.5)1.005(0.7)-2/3 = 0.051 kJ/(m2-s-C)
h = 0.051 kW/(m2-C)

(b) See problem 14-29b for prcedure

14-31. Use Eq. 14-42 or 14-45

Gc2 ⎡ A ρ1 ⎤
lh = ⎢
2gρm ρ1 ⎣
1 + σ ⎜ (
2 ⎛ ρ1
⎝ ρ2
− 1
⎞
⎟
⎠
+ f ) ⎥
A c ρm ⎦

14.7(144)
ρ1 = = 0.075 lbm/ft3; ρ2 = 0.068 lbm/ft3
53.35(530)
ρm = (ρ1 + ρ2)/2 = 0.072 lbm/ft3
A α V 147(1.083 /12)5
= = = 118.45
A c σ A fr (1)0.56
Where V = Afr xL; Afr = 1 ft2; L = 5 x 1.083/12 = 0.451

lh =
(3214)2
⎡
2⎢
2(32.17)(0.072)(0.075)(3600) ⎣
1 + (0.56)2 ⎛ 0.075
⎜
⎞
− 1⎟ +
⎝ 0.068 ⎠
( )
0.042(118.5)(0.075) ⎤
0.072 ⎥⎦

h = 12.2 ft of air
(0.075)12
∆Po = 12.2 = 0.18 in. wg.
(62.4)

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
282
14-32. Use Equation 14-42 or 14-45
ti = 10C; t2 = 30C; A/Ac = 118.5 from problem 14-31

101x103
ρ1 = = 1.244 kg/m3; ρ2 = 1.161 kg/m3;
287(283)
ρm = 1.203 kg/m3

lh =
(4.5)2 ⎡
⎢
2(9.807)(1.203)(1.244) ⎣
⎛ 1.244 ⎞
1 + (0.56)2 ⎜ − 1⎟ +
⎝ 1.161 ⎠
( )
1.244 ⎤
0.019(118.5)
1.203 ⎥⎦

l h = 1.67 m of air
⎛ 1.244 ⎞
∆Po = 1.67 ⎜ ⎟ (1000) = 2.08 mm of wg.
⎝ 1000 ⎠
or ∆Po = 1.67(1.244)9.807 = 20.4 Pa

GcDh
14-33. Re = ; Dh = 0.0101 ft
µ
At 65°F, µ = 4.39 x 10-2 lbm/(ft-hr) [Table A-4a]
2700(0.0101)
Re = −2
= 621
4.39x10
From Fig. 14-16; j = 0.013, f = 0.053
h = Gc cp j Pr-2/3 = 2700(0.24)0.013(0.72)-2/3 = 10.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
Where cp = 0.24 Btu/(lbm-F); Pr = 0.72 From Table A-4a

14-34. Use Eq. 14-33; tb = 65 F

14.6x144
ρ= = 0.074 lbm/ft3; ρ2 = 0.077 lbm/ft3
53.35(535)
ρm = (ρ1 + ρs)/2 = 0.076 lbm/ft3

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 283
A 4L 4(4 /12)
= = = 132
A c Dh 0.0101
Assume a contraction ratio of 0.5
Then Ki = 0.32; Ke = 0.27 Fig. 14-17

∆Po (2700)2 2
= {(0.32 + 1- 0.5 )
P01 2(32.17)14.6(144)(0.074)(3600)2

⎛ 0.074 ⎞ ⎡ 0.074 ⎤ ⎡ 2 ⎤ 0.074 ⎫⎬

+2 ⎜ − 1⎟ + 0.053(132) ⎢ − 1 − (0.5) − 0.27
⎝ 0.077 ⎠ ⎣ 0.076 ⎦⎥ ⎣ ⎦ 0.077 ⎭

∆Po/P01 = 4.126 x 10-4

∆Po = 4.126 x 10-4(14.6)(144)(12)/62.4 = 0.17 in. wg.

14-35. (a) Coil Description:

Type of coil = Refrigerant condenser
Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube coil
Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
Refrigerant type = Refrigerant 134
Finned side fluid = air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg

Face area = 4.44 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 20.0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 32.0 inches
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 4
Number of tubes per row = 16 circuits on tube side = 4

Fin pitch = 8 fins/inch Fin thickness = .006 inches

Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
284
Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches
Tube outside diameter = .500 inches
Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
Inside tube fouling factor = .0000 BTU-HR-SQFT-F

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 285
14-35. (continued)
Total heat transfer rate = -48783.2 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = -48783.2 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 95.0 F
Face velocity = 650.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 2888.9 CFM
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 111.4 F
Tube side conditions:
Refrigerant saturation temperature = 125.0 F
Air pressure loss = .393 inches of water
Tube side pressure loss = 1.07 PSI
Fin efficiency = .808 Surface effectiveness = .824

Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 388.8 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 12.5 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference = -20.7 F

(b) yes

14-36. Coil Description:

Type of coil = water or brine solution
Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube coil
Material = aluminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid = water
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
286
Finned side fluid = air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 iches of Hg

Face area = 5.56 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 20.0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 40.0 inches
Number or rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 2
Number of tubes per row = 16 Circuits on tube side = 4

Fin pitch = 7 fins/inch Fin thickness = .008 inches

Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches
Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches
Tube outside diameter = .500 inches
Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
Inside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipe/header = 1.0 inch(s)

Total heat transfer rate = -95759.1 Btu/hr

Sensible heat transfer rate = -95759.1 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 70.0 F
Face velocity = 650.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 3611.1 CFM
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 94.6 F
Tube side conditions:
Entering fluid temperature = 150.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature = 128.2 F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 287
Tube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 9.0 GPM
Air pressure loss = .187 inches of water
Tube side head loss = 8.20 feet or water

Fin efficiency = .831 Surface effectiveness = .846

Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 1368.8 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference = -56.8 F

14-37. From problem 14-29, Re = 6306 (based on xb)

and h 5 = 8.91 btu/(hr-ft2-F)
jn
= 1 – 1280 Nr(Re)-1.2 (Eq. 14-42)
j1
j5
then = 1 − 1280 x 5 (Re)−1.2 = 1 − 6400Re−1.2
j1

j8 1 − (8x1280)(6306)−1.2
and = = 0.872
j5 1 − (5x1280)(6306)−1.2

now h 8/ h 5 = j8/j5 = 0.872

h8 = 0.872(8.91)
h8 = 7.77 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

14-38. From problem 14-30, Re = 6800 and h 5 = 51W/(m2 – C)

jn 1 − 1280Nr(Re)−1.2
= [From solution to 14-37]
j5 1 − 6400Re−1.2

j6 1 − (6x1280)(680)−1.2
= = 0.96
j5 1 − 6400(680)−1.2
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
288
h 6/ h 5 = j6/j5 = 0.96
h 6 = 0.96 x 51 = 49W/(m2 – C) or 0.049 kW/(m2 – C)

ρ Vc xb 0.073 500
14-39. Rex = = x (1.083/12) x 60 = 8225
µ 0.0445 0.54
j = 0.0095 (Fig. 14-12)
500
h = jGcp Pr-2/3 = 0.0085 x 0.073 x x 60 x 0.24(0.7)-2/3
0.54
h = 10.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.0123 − 0.0092 Using Chart 1 or
C1 = = 1.033 x 10-4;
85 − 55
0.0123 − 0.0063
} Computer Program
PSYC
C2 = = 1.5 x 10-4
85 − 45
Btu
Cavg = 1.27 x 10-4; Use Eq. 14-70 & 14-73; k = 128 ;
(ft − hr − F)
From Table 5-1a.

2x10.5x12 ⎡ 1.27x10−4 x1065 ⎤

M2 = ⎢1 +
-1
⎥ = 513; M = 22.7 ft
128x0.006 ⎣⎢ 0.24 ⎦⎥
Re 1.27x1.25
= 1.27 ψ(β - 0.3)1/2 = (1 – 0.3)1/2 = 1.265
r 0.525x2
⎛R ⎞⎛ R ⎞
φ = ⎜ e − 1⎟ ⎜ 1 + 0.35ln e ⎟
⎝ r ⎠⎝ r ⎠
φ = (1.265 – 1)[1 + 0.35 ln(1.265)] = 0.287
0.525
Mrφ = 22.7 x x 0.287 = 0.285
12
tanh(mrφ )
ηm = = 0.974 or 97.4%
mrφ
A
ηms = 1 - f (1 - ηm) = 1 – 0.94(1 – 0.974) = 0.98 or 98%
A

14-40. For 80/67°F; tdp = 60°F

Surface temperature must be equal to or less than 60°F.

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 289
Moisture would condense at the base of the fin on the
tube outer surface if it condenses at all.

Let tw be this temperature.

q = UiAi(tw – tI) = hdηoA(ia – iw)
1 1 ∆x
where = + ; Am = Ai
UiA i hiA i kA m
1 1 ∆x 1 0.018
and = + = + = 0.001
Ui hi k 1000 12x190
Ui = 1000 Btu/(hr-ft2-F); where kcopper = 190 Btu/(ft-hr-F)
hη A 60x12
tw = tI + d o (ia – iw) = 50 + (31.7 – iw)
Ui A i 1000

Assume a value for tw, read iw from chart 1 and compute tw to

check assumption. Assume tw = 55.8°F then iw = 23.7 Btu/lba
and the calculated tw checks O.K. Therefore moisture will
condense at the base of the fin and on some portion of the fin.
There will probably be no condensation near the outer edge of the
fin.

14-41. For 27/19 C, tdp = 15 C

Solution is similar to problem 14-40

UiAi(tw – tI) = hdηo(ia – iw)

1 1 0.0005
= + = 0.01888; Ui = 52.98
Ui 53 58

hdηo A 2.5x14 1000

t w = ti + (ia – iw) = 14.3 + (54.2 – iw)
Ui A i 52.98 3600

For tw = 16; iw = 45. Checks O.K.

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
290
There will be no condensation because the tube outside wall is

greater than the dew point temperature of the air.

14-42. This problem is intended for computer solution because

considerable iteration is required.

Coil Description:
Type of coil = water or brine solution
Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube coil
Material = aluminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid = water
Finned side fluid = air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg

Face area = 12.50 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 30.0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 60.0 inches; W = 2H
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 5
Number of tubes per row = 24 Circuits on tube side = 12

Fin pitch = 12 fins/inch Fin thickness = .008 inches

Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches
Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches
Tube outside diameter = .500 inches
Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
Inside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipe/header = 2.5 inch(s)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 291
14.42. (continued)
Total heat transfer rate = 232885.0 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = 164919.4 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 80.0 F
Wet bulb temperature = 68.0 F
Enthalpy = 32.3 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio = 83.3 grains/LBMA
Face velocity = 550.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 6875.0 CFM
Comment: coil is 34.3 percent dry
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 57.4 F
Wet bulb temperature = 57.1 F
Enthalpy = 24.4 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio = 68.7 Grains/LBMA
Tube side conditions:
Entering fluid temperature = 45.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature = 62.4 F
Tube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 26.9 GPM
Air pressure loss = .774 inches of water
Tube side head loss = 14.09 feet of water

Fin efficiency = .809 Surface effectiveness = .819

Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 822.3 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
292

14-43. Coil Description:

Type of coil = Direct expansion
Tube pattern = Staggered circular-fin-tube coil
Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
Refrigerant type = refrigerant 22
Finned side fluid = air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg

Face area = 10.31 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 24.8 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 60.0 inches
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 4
Number of tubes per row = 16 Circuits on tube side = 16

Fin pitch = 12 Fins/inch Fin thickness = .014 inches

Vertical tube spacing = 1.500 inches
Horizontal tube spacing = 1.300 inches
Tube outside diameter = .625 inches
Tube wall thickness = .022 inches
Inside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-HR-SQFT-F

Total heat transfer rate = 241221.0 Btu/hr

Sensible heat transfer rate = 162201.8 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 82.0 F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 293
Wet bulb temperature = 67.0 F
Enthalpy = 31.4 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio = 74.9 Grains/LBMA
Face velocity = 500.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 5156.3 CFM
Comment: Coil is .0 percent dry
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 52.2 F
Wet bulb temperature = 50.7 F
Enthalpy = 20.6 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio = 52.1 Grains/LBMA
Tube side conditions:
Refrigerant saturation temperature = 35.0 F
Air pressure loss = .623 inches of water
Tube side pressure loss = 1.36 PSI
Refrigerant quality entering/leaving evaporator = .29
Enthalpy change in evaporator = 62.75 Btu/LBM
Fin efficiency = .879 Surface effectiveness = .885
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 375.5 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 9.3 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

14-44. Coil Description:

Type of coil = Steam
Tube pattern = Triangular plate-fin-tube coil
Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid = Steam
Finned side fluid = Air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
294

Face area = 12.00 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 24.0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 72.0 inches
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 2
Number of tubes per row = 16 Circuits on tube side = 16

Fin pitch = 8 Fins/inch Fin thickness = .006 inches

Vertical tube spacing = 1.500 inches
Horizontal tube spacing = 1.299 inches
Tube outside diameter = .625 inches
Tube wall thickness = .018 inches
Inside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F

Total heat transfer rate = -554503.6 Btu/hr

Sensible heat transfer rate = -554503.6 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 60.0 F
Face velocity = 750.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 9000.0 CFM
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 116.1 F
Tube side conditions:
Steam temperature = 227.1 F
Steam saturation pressure = 5.000 PSIG

Air pressure loss = .269 inches of water

Fin efficiency = .738 surface effectiveness = .756
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 295
14-44. (continued)
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 2051.7 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.6 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

14-45. Coil Description:

Type of coil = Water or brine solution
Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube coil
Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid = 30% ethylene glycol solution
Finned side fluid = Air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg

Face area = 5.56 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 20.0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 40.0 inches
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 2
Number of tubes per row = 16 Circuits on tube side = 4

Fin pitch = 7 Fins/inch Fin thickness = .008 inches

Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches
Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches
Tube outside diameter = .500 inches
Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
Inside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipe/header = 1.0 inch(s)

Total heat transfer rate = -90610.1 Btu/hr

Sensible heat transfer rate = -90610.1 Btu/hr
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
296
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 70.0 F
Face velocity = 650.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 3611.1 CFM
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 93.3 F
Tube side conditions:
Entering fluid temperature = 150.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature = 128.4 F
Tube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 9.0 GPM
Air pressure loss = .186 inches of water
Tube side head loss = 10.13 feet of water

Fin efficiency = .831 Surface effectiveness = .846

Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 796.0 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference = -57.6 F

There is a 5 percent reduction in capacity and increased pressure loss

on the tube side.

14-46. Coil Description:

Type of coil = Water or brine solution
Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube coil
Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid = 30% ethylene glycol solution
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 297
Finned side fluid = Air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg

Face area = 12.50 square feet

Height of heat exchanger = 30.0 inches
Width of heat exchanger = 60.0 inches
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 5
Number of tubes per row = 24 Circuits on tube side = 12

Fin pitch = 12 Fins/inch Fin thickness = .008 inches

Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches
Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches
Tube outside diameter = .500 inches
Tube wall thickness = .016 inches

Inside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F

Diameter of inlet pipe/header = 2.5 inch(s)

Total heat transfer rate = 211374.2 Btu/hr

Sensible heat transfer rate = 155955.9 Btu/hr
Entering air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 80.0 F
Wet bulb temperature = 68.0 F
Enthalpy = 32.3 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio = 83.3 Grains/LBMA
Face velocity = 550.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate = 6875.0 CFM
Comment: Coil is 43.6 percent dry
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
298
14-46. (continued)
Leaving air conditions:
Dry bulb temperature = 58.6 F
Wet bulb temperature = 58.2 F
Enthalpy = 25.1 Btu/LBMA
Humidity ratio = 71.4 Grains/LBMA
Tube side conditions:
Entering fluid temperature = 45.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature = 62.0 F
Tube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 26.9 GPM
Air pressure loss = .756 inches of water
Tube side head loss = 18.13 feet of water

Fin efficiency = .809 Surface effectiveness = .819

Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 476.4 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
The capacity is reduced by about 9 percent, the pressure loss on the
tube side is increased and the leaving air temperatures have increased
by about 1 degree.

14-47. Check Examples 14-1 through 14-5

Coil Description:
Type of Coil = Water or Brine Solution
Tube Pattern = Staggered Plate-Fin-Tube Coil
Material = Aluminum Fins With Copper Tubes
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
 299
Tube Side Fluid = Water
Finned Side Fluid = Air
Finned Side Air Pressure = 0. FT. of Elevation

Face Area = 2.17 Square Feet

Height of Heat Exchanger = 12.5 Inches
Width of Heat Exchanger = 25.0 Iinches
Number of Rows of Tubes in the Air Flow Direction = 5
Number of Tubes Per Row = 10 Circuits on Tube Side = 5

Fin Pitch = 8 Fins/Inch Fin Thickness = .006 Inches

Vertical Tube Spacing = 1.250 Inches
Horizontal Tube Spacing = 1.083 Inches
Tube Outside Diameter = .525 Inches
Tube Wall Thickness = .015 Inches
Inside Tube Fouling Factor = .0000 HR-FT^2-F/Btu
Diameter of Inlet Pipe/Header = 1.3 Inch(s)

Total Heat Transfer Rate = -133026.9 Btu/HR

Sensible Heat Transfer Rate = -133026.9 Btu/HR
Entering Air Conditions:
Dry Bulb Temperature = 50.0 F
Face Velocity = 950.00 FPM
Air Volume Flow Rate= 2061.6 CFM
Leaving Air Conditions:
Dry Bulb Temperature = 107.6 F
Tube Side Conditions:
Entering Fluid Temperature = 150.0 F
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
300
Leaving Fluid Temperature = 128.3 F
Tube Side Fluid Velocity = 4.00 FPS
Cooling or Heating Liquid Flow Rate = 12.5 GPM
Air Pressure Loss = 1.131 Inches of Water
Tube Side Head Loss = 6.77 Feet of Water

Fin Efficiency = .750 Surface Effectiveness = .771

Tube Side Heat Transfer Coefficient = 1354.2 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

Finned Side Heat Transfer Coefficient = 19.5 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean Temperature Difference = -58.5 F

The above results show that a 5 row coil would easily satisfy
the specified requirements. The manual calculation of the
examples are very conservative.

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.