Loop (Mesh) Analysis (3.

2)

Dr. Holbert
February 27, 2006

ECE201 Lect-10 1
 Loop Analysis
• Nodal analysis was developed by applying
KCL at each non-reference node.
• Loop analysis is developed by applying
KVL around loops in the circuit.
• Loop (mesh) analysis results in a system of
linear equations which must be solved for
unknown currents.

ECE201 Lect-10 2
 Example: A Summing Circuit
• The output voltage V of this circuit is
proportional to the sum of the two input
voltages V1 and V2.
• This circuit could be useful in audio
applications or in instrumentation.
• The output of this circuit would probably be
connected to an amplifier.

ECE201 Lect-10 3
 Summing Circuit
1k 1k
+
V1 + +
Vout 1k V2
– –
–

Solution: Vout = (V1 + V2)/3

ECE201 Lect-10 4
 Steps of Mesh Analysis
1. Identify mesh (loops).
2. Assign a current to each mesh.
3. Apply KVL around each loop to get an
equation in terms of the loop currents.
4. Solve the resulting system of linear
equations.

ECE201 Lect-10 5
 Identifying the Meshes
1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
Mesh 1 Mesh 2 V2
– –

ECE201 Lect-10 6
 Steps of Mesh Analysis
1. Identify mesh (loops).
2. Assign a current to each mesh.
3. Apply KVL around each loop to get an
equation in terms of the loop currents.
4. Solve the resulting system of linear
equations.

ECE201 Lect-10 7
Assigning Mesh Currents
1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –

ECE201 Lect-10 8
 Steps of Mesh Analysis
1. Identify mesh (loops).
2. Assign a current to each mesh.
3. Apply KVL around each loop to get an
equation in terms of the loop currents.
4. Solve the resulting system of linear
equations.

ECE201 Lect-10 9
Voltages from Mesh Currents
+ VR –
+ VR – I2
R R

I1 I1

VR = I1 R VR = (I1 - I2 ) R

ECE201 Lect-10 10
 KVL Around Mesh 1
1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –

-V1 + I1 1k + (I1 - I2) 1k = 0

I1 1k + (I1 - I2) 1k = V1

ECE201 Lect-10 11
 KVL Around Mesh 2
1k 1k

1k
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –

(I2 - I1) 1k + I2 1k + V2 = 0

(I2 - I1) 1k + I2 1k = -V2

ECE201 Lect-10 12
 Steps of Mesh Analysis
1. Identify mesh (loops).
2. Assign a current to each mesh.
3. Apply KVL around each loop to get an
equation in terms of the loop currents.
4. Solve the resulting system of linear
equations.

ECE201 Lect-10 13
 Matrix Notation
• The two equations can be combined into a
single matrix/vector equation.

1k  1k  1k   I 1   V1 

  1k     
 1k  1k I 
 2   2  V

ECE201 Lect-10 14
 Solving the Equations
Let: V1 = 7V and V2 = 4V
Results:
I1 = 3.33 mA
I2 = -0.33 mA
Finally
Vout = (I1 - I2) 1k = 3.66V

ECE201 Lect-10 15
 Another Example
2k

2mA
1k

+
12V 2k 4mA
–
I0

ECE201 Lect-10 16
 1. Identify Meshes
2k

2mA Mesh 3
1k

+ 2k
12V Mesh 1 Mesh 2 4mA
–
I0

ECE201 Lect-10 17
 2. Assign Mesh Currents
2k

2mA I3
1k

+ 2k
12V I1 I2 4mA
–
I0

ECE201 Lect-10 18
 Current Sources
• The current sources in this circuit will have
whatever voltage is necessary to make the
current correct.
• We can’t use KVL around the loop because
we don’t know the voltage.
• What to do?

ECE201 Lect-10 19
 Current Sources
• The 4mA current source sets I2:
I2 = -4 mA
• The 2mA current source sets a constraint on
I1 and I3:
I1 - I3 = 2 mA
• We have two equations and three
unknowns. Where is the third equation?
ECE201 Lect-10 20
 The
2k Supermesh
The does not
Supermesh 2mA I3 include this
surrounds 1k source!
this source!
+ 2k
12V I1 I2 4mA
–
I0

ECE201 Lect-10 21
 KVL Around the Supermesh
-12V + I3 2k + (I3 - I2)1k + (I1 - I2)2k = 0

I3 2k + (I3 - I2)1k + (I1 - I2)2k = 12V

ECE201 Lect-10 22
 Matrix Notation
• The three equations can be combined into a
single matrix/vector equation.

 0 1 0   I 1   4mA 
 1 0  1   I    2mA 
  2   
2k  1k  2k 2k  1k  I 3   12V 

ECE201 Lect-10 23
 Solve Using MATLAB
>> A = [0 1 0; 1 0 -1;
2e3 -1e3-2e3 2e3+1e3];
>> v = [-4e-3; 2e-3; 12];
>> i = inv(A)*v
i = 0.0012
-0.0040
-0.0008
ECE201 Lect-10 24
 Solution
I1 = 1.2 mA
I2 = -4 mA
I3 = -0.8 mA

I0 = I1 - I2 = 5.2 mA

ECE201 Lect-10 25
 Class Example
• Learning Extension E3.8
• Learning Extension E3.9
• Learning Extension E3.11

ECE201 Lect-10 26