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khj ,jo;> nghOJ – 20

Gul;lhrp – Ig;grp
mf;Nlhgh; – 2010 o Uj;uhl;rk;> tprpj;j pu koiy 02
vidiyalmagazhine.blogspot.com
vidiyalmagazhine@gmail.com o fl;Liufs;
,aw;ifiag; Nghw;WNthk;; 02
tpUe;Jk; tPuKk; 07
ngz; Rje;j puk; 09
rpWkpfs; ghJfhg;G 11
rpwg;g hrphpah; ghypfpuhg; 14
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o vOj;jhsh; mwpKfk;;
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jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;fs;
midtUk; o njhlh;fl;Liu (gFjp - 2)
kf;fs; jiyth;; Nf.v];.Mh;. 17
o njhlh; nra;As; (gFjp - 4)
ntspaPL: Nf.v];.Mh;. gps;isj; jkpo; 19
o tho;j;J> fUj;Jkly;> epfo;T 20

jkpo;j;Jiw>
Nf.v];.Mh;. fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp (jd;dhl;rp)
jpUr;nrq;NfhL – 637 215> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah.
www.ksrcasthamizh.blogspot.com, www.ksrcas.net.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 1 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

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Kd;Diu:
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 2 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
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kioapd; msit mjpfhpj;J ehl;bd; ,wq;fTk; Jiz GhpfpwJ.
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cs;sd. kuk;> nrb> nfhb kw;Wk; Jg;ghh;fF ; j;
gy tpyq;fpdq; fisAk; jd;dfj; Nj Jg;gha J}ck; kio”
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fsQ;rpakhff; fhL jpfo;fpd;wJ. jf;f czTg; nghUs;fis
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fhLfspd; kpf Kf;fpa gq;fhfg; czthf ,Ug;gJ kio. vdNt>
nghpJk;> epiwe;j mstpy; ek; kuq;fis tsh;g;gjhy; kioiag;
fz;Zf;Fj; njd;gLtd kuq;fNs. ngwyhk;. kioapy;iynadpy; ehL

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 3 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

KOtJk; tWik vd;w epiy gw;whf; FiwahdJ Nkhjy;
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“tpz;zpd;W ngha;g;gpd; tphpePh; Rfhjhu gpur;rpidia mjpfhpf;Fk;.
tpaDyfj;J Rw;Wr; R+oYf;F Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
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midj;Jk; tUe;Jk; epiy Vw;gLk; 48 ehLfspy; 2.8 kpy;ypad; kf;fs;
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“kuq;fis tsh;g;Nghk; fzf;fplg; gl;Ls;sJ.
Kioiag; ngWNthk;” “rpW Jsp ngW nts;sk;”
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Njit ePh; MFk;. ePh; ,y;yhky; ve;j Nkyhz;ik vd;gJ jw;fhyj;jpd;
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Mfpatw;iwg; nghpJk; ghjpf;Fk;. ePh; ghjpf;fpwJ. mjd; fhuzkhfr;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 4 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

R+hpadplkpUe;J tUk; GwCjhf; fjph; vOj;jhsh; mwpKfk;
Neubahf ek;ikj; jhf;Fk;. mjdhy; Vh;ne];l; n`kpq;Nt
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,aw;if tsq;fis Kw;wpYk;
mopf;Fk; chpik ve;j kdpjDf;Fk; gpwg;G: Ernest Hemingway,
fpilahJ. July 21, 1899,
Oak Park, Illinois, united States
KbTiu: ,th; mnkhpf;f ehtyh
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tUk; ekf;Ff; fpilf;fpd;w tsq;fisg;
rpfpr;ir gphptpy; (Ambulance)
ghJfhj;jpl Ntz;Lk;.
gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,th; 1921 ,y;
Haddley Richerson vd;w ngz;iz
mjdhy; ,aw;if tsq;fisg;
kze;jhh;. ,e; jg;ngz; ,tiutpl
ghJfhj;J ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;J
,dpikahd tho;f;ifia elj; tajpy; 7 Mz;Lfs; %j;j ngz;.
gpd;dh; 1927 ,y; ,UtUf;Fk;
jpLNthk;.
tpthfuj;J MdJ.

 ,th; jdJ ,uz;lhtJ

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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 5 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
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gpwF 3-MtJ jpUkzk; Martha Kidth; kh. fhh;j;jpNfad;
Gallhorn vd;gtUld; ele;jJ. jkpo;j;Jiwj; jiyth;
me;jg;ngz; ,tUf;Fr; rhpahd tpy;ypak; kpl; murpay; fye;j
N[hbapy;iy vd;W njhpe;jJ. gpd; dh; mUikahd ehlfk; vOjp Gfo;ngw;w
,th;fs; ,UtuJ tho;f;ifAk; NghJ taJ 14.
tpthfuj;jpy; Kbe;jJ. filrpahf  N~f;];gpahpd; ‘khf;ngj;’
,th; Mary Walsh vd;w ngz;iz ehlfj;ij tq;fhs nkhopapy;
kze;jhh;. 1961-,y; jw;nfhiy nra;J vOjpaNghJ utPe;jpuehj; jh$Uf;F
nfhz;lhh;. taJ 14.
 gpnuQ;R ,yf;fpaj;jpy; rpe;jidfs;
kiwT: July 2, 1961 (Age - 61) nghjpe;j ftpijfs; vOjpa
tpf;lh;`pA+Nfhtpd; taJ 15.
Ketchum, Idaho, United States.
 mh;n[d;ildhtpy; eilngw;w
cyf kfsph; `hf;fpapy;
,tiu vOj;jhsuhff; fhl;ba Gfo;
tpisahba uhzp uk;yj;Njhtpd;
ngw;w ehty;: ‘The Torents of spring’.
taJ 15.
kw;nwhU ehty;: ‘The snows of
 khtPud; mnyf;rhz;lh; 16 tajpy;
klimanjaro’. ,tuJ kpfg;nghpa ehty;: jdJ je;ijapd; Nghh;g;gilapy;
‘for whom the bell tolls’. ,th; 1952,y; jsgjpahdhh;.
‘The old man and the sea’ vd;w ehtiy  fypypNah igrhefukhd NfhGu
vOjpdhh;. mjd; topahf cyfg;Gfo; tpsf;F gw;wp Ma;T nra;jNghJ
ngw;whh;. ,th; gy rpWfijfisAk; mtUf;F taJ 17.
vOjpAs;shh;.  gPNjhtd; ,ir cyfpy; jd;
ngaiu epiyehl;ba NghJ mtUf;F
,th; ngw;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpUJfs;: taJ 21.
Nobel lprize in Literature (1954), Pulitzer prize  ngUk; rPh;jpUj;jthjpahf khwpa
for Fiction (1953), Elizabeth Hadley NghJ khh;l;bd; Y}jh; fpq;Ff;F
Richardson (1921-1927) taJ 22.
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njhFg;G: tp. GUN~hj;jkd;> Ma;Tf;fhff; fg;gypy; gazk;
,sq;fiy ,uz;lhkhz;L fzpdp mwptpay; Nkw;nfhz;l rhh;y]; lhh;tpDf;F
M gphpT taJ 22.
 Kjd;Kjypy; tpz;ntspf;Fr;
 nrd;W rhjid Ghpe;j A+hpf;fhhpDf;F
taJ 27.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 6 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

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taJ 29. my;yhJ mwpahjth; tUgtNu
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Vndd;why;
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,sq;fiyj; jkpo; ,uz;lhkhz;L.
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mf;fhyg; ngz; xUj;jp tWikapNy
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 7 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nghhpy; gifth;fis ftpij
nty;tjd; %yk; nghUs; fpilf;Fk;. ngz;rpR nfhiy
mg;nghUs; %yk; “ey;y tpUe;;J
ngWNtd;” vd;gNj GwehD}w;Wg;ghlypd; “Fr;rpnaLf;fg; Nghdts;
fUj;jhFk;. ,jd; %yk; tpUe;Jk; Fsf;fiuapy; mkh;e;J
Fk;kpahLk; Foe;ijfisg; ghh;j;J
tPuKk; ,Ukdk; fye;jhw;Nghd;W rq;f FKwpa neQ;;NrhL
fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jd. Fbirf;Fg; Nghdhs;
VohtJ tajpy;.
fy;nyLj;Jf; fhag;gl;l
ifia jiyf;F itj;J
JapYk; nghOJ
‘mk;kh!’ vd;Dk; mOFuy; Nfl;L
mywp vOe;jhs;.
mg;ghtpd; mepaha mbahy;
mOk; mk;khitg; ghh;j;J
mOjhs; gj;jhtJ tajpy;.
vl;lhj jhtzpia ,Oj;Jf;fl;b
eLfy;; Nfhzpapl;l$l;Lf;Fs; Fdpe;jpUe;jhs;
gjp%d;whtJ tajpy;.
jdf;nfd;W thohJ jk;ik rhh;e ;J miugTD eifAlDk;
te;jth;fSf;Fg; nghUs; Njlr; MWf[ Glit ,uz;LlDk;
khw;wyhdhs; khkpahh; tPl;bw;F.
nry;Yk; jiykfd; tPuKk;> nghUs;
ghtk;> mtSf;nfd;d njhpAk;
Ntz;b jiykfs; eLfiy khkpahhplk; ,Ug;gNj
Ntz;LjYk; mg;ghly; top czu xU Glit jhd; vd;W.
Kbfpd;wJ. khkpahhpd; Vr;rpYk;
ngU%r;R tpl;lhs;
];lt; ,y;yhj tPLjhNd vd;W
jhd; vd;w Raeyj;Jld; thOk;
xU tUlk; cUz;L
kdpjf; $l;lk; ,d;iwf;F tpUe;J ngw;whs; ngz; Foe;ijia.
vd;gJ ahnjd;W njhpahjJ. gpwUf;F nfhLj;jhs; ghiyf; fs;spAld;.
cjTk; kdkpy;yhj kdpj tho;f;ifNa ehd;gl;l ngUk;ghl;il
eilKiwahfptpl;lJ. ,J khw ePAk; gl Ntz;lhkk;kh!
mOFuy; ePq;Fk; Kd;Nd Mz;ltdplk;
Ntz;Lk;. tpUe;J Kiwahf mika
Ngha; Nruk;kh vd;W.
Ntz;Lk;. ngz;Nz ,e;jg;


nghUsw;w fhuzq;fisf; $wp
Gdpj ngz;ikiag; Gijf;fhNj.
,uT gfiyg; Nghy
,d;dYk; ,dpikAk;
khwp khwp tUk;.”
K. mgpuhkp
tphpTiuahsh;> caph;Ntjpapay; Jiw.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 8 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

fl;Liu tujl;riz nfhLik:
ngz; Rje;jpuk; thioab thioaha; ed;F
fh. epj;ah tsh;e;J tUk; ,d;dy;fspy; xd;wha;
,sq;fiyj; jkpo; Kjyhz;L jpfo;tJ tujl;riz nfhLikahFk;.
gzpiar; nra;jhy; gyidg;
Kd;Diu: ngwyhk; vd;gJ ek; midthpd;
ngz;izg; gw;wpAk;> ngz; fUj;J. Mdhy;> gzpiar;
Rje;jpuj;ijAk; vq;fspd; ,d;dy;fisg; nra;tjw;Fg; gzKk; eifAk;
gw;wpAk; vLj;Jiuf;fr; Rje;jpuk; Kd;$l;bNa nrYj; jg;gLfpwJ.
nfhLj;jjw;F ed;wp!. Rje; jpuk; tujl;riz vd;Dk; ngahpy;. Mk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. ngz;fSf;F gFj;jwpTk;> gl;lwpTk; ,Ue;Jk;
mLg;gbapy; mile;jpUg;gjw;Fk;> Mz; gzg;gwpg;G ,d;Wk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
fspd; Mjpf;fj;jpw;Fk;> Giff;F
rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs;:
mbapy; GFe;jpUg;gjw;Fk;. ,e;j ,op
“kq;ifauha;g; gpwg;gjw;Nf ey;y
epiyiaNa ,q;jf; fl;Liuapy;
tpthpf;ff cs;Nsd;;. khjtk; nra;jpl Ntz;Lk;” vd;whh;
gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs;: ftpkzp. Mdhy; ,d;W ngz;f s;
gz;ilf;fhyk; my;y> gilg;Gf; nghJtshfq;fspYk;> fy;Y}hpfspYk;
vjph;nfhs;Sk; ,d;dy;fs;
fhye;njhl;Nl Mz;fs; ngz;fSf;F
vjpuhfg; gy ,d;dy;fs; ,ioj;J midtUk; mwpe;jitNa.
NgUe;Jfspy; gazpj;J ngz;f s;
tuNt nra;fpd;wdh;. kfhghujj;jpy;
ghQ; rhypf;Fk;> ,uhkhazj;jpy; mth;fspd; tho;f;ifg; gazj;ijf;
flg;gnjd;gJ R+oy; ePhpy; rpf;fpj;
rPijf;Fk; ,iof;fg;gl;l nfhL
ikfisg; gw;wp ,d;Wk; ehk; jtpf;Fk; glnfhd;wpd; epiyiag;
Nghd;wy;yth cs;sJ ,tw;NwhL
NgRfpNwhk;. ehisAk; Ngrg;gLk;. Vd;
,e;j kz; cs;ssTk; me;jr; nra;jp nfhiy> jw;nfhiy vd;W gy
,d;dy;fSf;Fk; Mshfpd;wdh;.
kwe;J NghfhJ.
njw;Nf rPij mOjhs;: ,yq;if fy;tp:
mope;J NghdJ. tlf;Nf ghQ;rhyp midtUf;Fk; fy;tpr; rl;lk;
mOjhs;: fTuth; E}WNgUk; mtuJ ,aw;wg;gl;L tpl;lJ. eilKiwg;
NridfSld; mope;jdh;. ghQ; gLj;jg;gl;L tpl;lJ. Mdhy; eil
rhypf;Fk; fzth; 5 Ngh; ,Ue;Jk; Kiw tho;f;ifapy; gpd;gw;wg;
gLfpd;wdth vd;why; epr;rak;
rpwe;j Nghh; tPuuhd gpjhkfd; ‘gP~;kh’
Nfs;tpf;FwpNa gjpyhf mikAk;.
,Ue;Jk; ghQ;rhypapd; khdj;ijf;
,e;jr; rKjhak; ngz;fis
fhg;ghw;w Kbaypy;iy.
nts;is kdk; vd;W $wp ntw;Wj;
,d;Wk; fhyh;fs; ,Ue;Jk;
jhs; Mf;fp tpl;lJ.
fztd; ,Ue;Jk; ngz;zpd; fw;Gf;Fg;
ghJfhg;G ,y;iy. md;W Kjy; ,d;W
tiu mNj epiyjhd; njhlh;fpwJ.
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 9 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
rl;lq;fs;:
,e;jpa muR ngz;fspd; mty KbTiu:
epiyia czh;e;J mjidj; ngz;fs; gytPdkhdth;f s;
jLg;gjw;fhf mjw;nfd gy rl;lq;f s; mjdhNyNa Mz;lhz;L fhykhf
tFj;Js;sJ. ghypay; Fw;wq;fisj; nfhLikf;F Mshf;fg;gl;L tUfp
jLg;gjw;fhf ,e;jpaj; jz;lidr; whh;fs;. ,jpy; vq;fpUe;J ngz;f s;
rl;lk; gphpTfs; 294> 354> 362. 366> 366- Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngWtJ? “mile;J
m> 375(td;Gzh;r;rp) 497 (Kiw gpwo;e;j tpl;Nlhk; Rje;jpuk; md;dpahpd;
Gzh;r;rp) vd;w gy gphpTfis gpbapypUe;J> Mzhjpf;f j;jpy; ,Ue;J
Vw;gLj;jpf; Fw;wthspfSf;Fj; my;y.”
jz;lid toq;fpAs;sJ. tujl;riz
jilr;rl;lk; gphpT 304-M> 1961,y; 
nfhz;L te;jJ. cr;rePjpkd;wk; gphpT kUj;Jtk;
4-m> 39 / 2002 – My; Gjpjhf xU
rl;lj;ij ,izj;jJ. ngz;izr; Mthuk; G+Nt…
rpj;utij nra;tJ> kuzk; tiuapy;
nry;fpwJ vd;W mJ fUJfpwJ. kdpjh;fSf;F Neha; ePf;Fk; kyh;
vdpDk; ,e;jr; rl;lj; jpy; MAs; tiffspy; Mthuk; G+ rpwg;ghdJ.
jz;lidNa mjpfgl;r clw;Njhypy; Vw;gLk; twl;rp>
jz;lidahff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpah;itahy; cg;Gg; gbjy;> eh
fhuzk;> kuz jz;lid vd;gJ> twl;rp Nghd;wtw;iw ePf;f Mthuk;
,e;jpa jz;lidr; rl;lgphpT 302-d; G+ cjTfpwJ.
fPohd nfhiy tof;Ffspy; kl;LNk cly; eikr;ry; ePq;f Mthuk;
mspf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W muR fhuzk; G+Tld; gr;irg; gawpidr; Nrh;j;J
fhl;LfpwJ. xUth; kw;nwhUtiu miwj;J cly; eikr;ry; cs;s
fj;jpahNyh Jg;ghf;fpahNyh jhf;fpf; ,lj;jpy; Nja;j;J te;jhy; eikr;ry;
nfhiyia Vw;gLj;jpdhy; mtUf;F ePq;Fk;.
vg;gb kuzjz;lid toq;fg;gLfpwNjh Mthuk; G+tpid tjf;fpj;
mNjNghy;> “xU ngz; jw;nfhiy J}q;Ftjw;F Kd; fz;fspy;
nra;J nfhz;lhy;> mjw;F Mjhuk; itj;Jf; fl;bf;nfhz;lhy; fz;Neha;
ep&gpf;fg;gl;lhy; fz; bg;ghf me;j ePq;Fk;.
kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhdth;f;F kuz Mthuk; G+tpidf; f~hak; nra;J
jz;lidNa mspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;” ghypy; fye;J gUfpdhy; clw;#L
mg;nghOJjhd; ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpy; jzpAk;.
ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wq;fs; - jpUkjp. Nyh. Gdpjts;sp>
FiwAk;. jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 10 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

Gfo;ngw;w ghly; mbfs; rpWkpfs; ghJfhg;G
vk;. ntz;zpyh
o ‘coTf;Fk; njhopYf;Fk; te;jid
,sq;fiy Mq;fpy ,yf;fpak; Kjyhz;L
nra;Nthk;’ – kfhftp ghujpahh; Nf.v];.Mh;. fiy mwptpay; kfsph; fy;Y}hp
o ‘jkpondd;W nrhy;ylh. jiy
fy;tpapYk;> fzpdp JiwapYk;;
epkph;e;J epy;ylh’ – ehkf;fy; ftpQh;
fl;Lg;ghbd;wp rhjid GhpAk;
o ‘ifj;njhopy; xd;iw fw;Wf;nfhs;. ,f;fhyj;jpYk; ngz;fSf;Ff;
ftiy cdf;fpiy xj;Jf;nfhs;’ - fs;spg;ghypy; fUtiwf; fy;yiwfs;
ehkf;fy; ftpQh; njhlh;e;J nfhz;Nl jhd;
o ‘kq;ifauha;g; gpwg;gjw;Nf ey;y ,Uf;fpd;wd.
khjtk; nra;jply; Ntz;Lkk;kh’ –
ftpkzp. ngz; Foe;ijfs; mopf;fg;gLk;
o ‘nra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk;’ – tpjq;fisAk;> mth;fis moptp
gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe; juk;. ypUe;J ghJfhf;Fk; topKiwfSk;
gw;wpAk; ,tz; fhz; Nghk;!.
o ‘thba gapiuf; fz; l Nghnjy;yhk;
thbNdd;’-ts;syhh;
rhpj;jpu kq;ifaiu mopf;Fk;
o ‘vy;NyhUk; ,d;Gw;wpUf;f
rh;thjpfhuk;:
epidg;gJNt my;yhky;> Ntnwhd;W
“kz;Zf;Fs; %lh;> khjh;
mwpNad; guhguNk’- jhAkhdth;.
mwptpidf; nfLj;jhh;”
o ‘cs;sk; ngUq;Nfhapy; ; CDlk;G
fz;zpuz;Lk; tpw;Wr; rpj;jpuk;
Myak;’- jpU%yh;.
ngw;why; ifnfhl;br; rphpahNuh?”
o ‘ehkhh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk; ekid vd;w ghujpapd; rhly; r%fj;jpy;
mQ;Nrhk;’- mg;gh; rPh;jpUj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;j tpy;iyNah?
o ‘,g;gil Njhw;fpd; vg;gil nty;Yk;’ mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpdhy;>
- kNdhd;kzpak; ng. Re;judhh; ngz; rpRf; nfhiyfSk; Gjpa
o jkpOf;Fk; mKnjd;WNgh; me;jj; mtjhunkLj;Js;sd.
jopopd;gj; jkpo; vq;fs; capUf;F
Neh; - ghNte; jh; ghujpjhrd;. “fs;spg;ghy; nfhiyfs; - ,d;W
njhFg;G: R. jpUehTf;fuR fUf;nfhiyfshf
,sq;fiyj;; jkpo; ,uz;lhkhz;L fskpwq;fpapUf;fpd;wd
ngz; rpRf;fspd; neQ;ir epiwj;j

 ney;kzpfs; ,f;fzpdpAfj;jpy;
mjpNtf kpd;t prpwpfsha;
%r;rilf;fr; nra;fpd;wd.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 11 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

 fle;j Mz;L fzf;nfLg;gpd; gb ve;j kyUf;Fj; njhpAk;
ngz;rpRf; nfhiyfs; gy Mapuj;ij mJ flTs; khiyapy; Nruyhk;
vl;b cs;sJ. vd;W?”
rhjid gilj;jth; fnsy;yhk;
jhaha;> jhukha; Xh; Mzpd; rhjid kq;ifauhfNt gpwf;f
ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd;dhy; kiwe;J epd;w tpy;iy. rhjid Ghpa mth;fSf;F
ngz;fs;> Kjy;tuha;> gpujkuha;> IAS, tha;g; gspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
IPS mjpfhuhfsha;> mwptpay; tho;tspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
mwpQh;fsha;> cyfpd; md;idaha;
jd; rhjidf; fuq;fis ePl;Lk; mj;jifa tha;g;Gk; tho;Tk;
,f;fhyj;jpYk; ,j;jifa toq;fg;gl;lhy; xt;nthU tUk;
fz;%bj;j dq;fs; epiwNtwpf; nfhz; rhjid kq;ifah; jhd; .
bUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ xt;nthU
kfspUf;Fk; khshj Jahpidj; ngz; Foe;ijiag; ghJfhf;f
jUfpd;wdh;. murpd; topKiwfs;:
mjpfhpj;J tUk; fUf;
kfsphpd; kfj;Jtq;fs;: nfhiyfisj; jtph;f;f ,d;W SCAN
mwptpay; %yk; rhjid gilj;jhh; %yk; Foe;ijapd; eyk; gw;wp
fy;gdh rht;yh. murpayhy; rhjidg; kl;LNk mwptpf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ.
gilj;jhh; md;id ,e;jpuh. J}a NkYk;> ngz;Foe;ijfis tsh;f;f
md;gpdhy; rhjid gilj;jhh; md;i d tpUg;gkpy;yhjth;fs;> ‘njhl;by;
njurh. Mw;wypdhy; rhjid gilj;jhh; Foe;ij’ jpl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpg;
gp.b. c~h> ky;Ny];thp> rhdpah kph;rh> ngz;Foe;ijfspd; capiuf; fhf;f
jd;dk;gpf;ifahYk;> ijhpaj;jhYk; toptFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> ngz;
rhjid gilj;jhh; fpuz; Ngb. ,t;thW Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jhy; mth;fSf;F
ngz;fs; xt;nthU jdpj;j dp cjtpj;njhif> taJ te;j
czh;tpYk;> JiwfspYk; rhjid
ngz;fSf;Fj; ‘jpUkz cjtpj;
gilj;Js;sdh;.
jpl;;lk;> murpdh; kfsph; tpLjpfs;>
kfsph; fhty; epiyaq;fs; ifk;
,th;fspd; rhpj;jpuq;fisg; gbf;Fk;
ngz;fSf;F cjtpj;njhif vd
vj;jid rNfhjhpfs; ehis
kfspUf;fhfg; gy cjtpj; jpl; lq;f s;
rhpj;jpuq;fisg; gilf;f tpioayhk;?
ekJ jkpof> ,e;jpa murpdhy;
mth;fspd; fUj;Jfisf; fUNthL
toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
mopj;J mth;fspd; rhjidfis>
rhpj;jpuq;fis mth;fNshL rhfbf;
NkYk; fy;tpj; JiwapYk;
fyhkh?
gytpjkhd cjtpj; njhiffs;>
“ ve;j %q;f pYf;Fj; njhpAk; ,ytr kpjptz;bfs;> Gj;jfq;fs;>
mJ Gy;yhq;Foy; Mfyhk; vd;W? ,ytr Milfs;> czT vdg;
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 12 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
gytifapYk; Mz;> ngz; ,izj;jJ. Mdhy; rpy yl;rk; NgNu
NtWghbd;wp toq;Ftjhy; ngz;fs; ,e;j trjpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; epiy
rkj;Jtk; kpspu rhjid gilf;f ,Ue;jJ.
toptif mikfpwJ.
mLj;J 1990,y; me;jj; njhopy;
,t;thW> ngz;fisg; ghJfhf;f El;gj;jpy; xU ngUk; Kd;Ndw;wk;
gy topfs; cs;sd. mtw;iwg; Vw;gl;lJ. bk;ngh;dh;];yP vd;w
gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;it ,isQh;fs; Mq;fpy nkd; nghUs; epGzh;
%yk; kf;fsplk; Vw;gLj;jp kfspiug; ‘vd;nfhah;’ vd;w ‘GNuhfpuhik’
ghJfhg;Nghk;! vOjpdhh;. mth;jhd; Foe;ijg;
gUtj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa tpf;Nlhhpah
KbTiu: fhynghJ mwpTf; fsQ;rpakhd
“Fk;kpabg; ngz;Nz Fk;kpab ‘vd;nfhah;’ tpj;jpd; mg;ghd; vt; hpjpq;
jkpo;ehL FYq;fpl Fk;kpab fpd; mbg;gilapy; mth; me;jg;
ek;ikg; gpbj;j gprhRfs;
ngaiur; R+l;bdhh; . mg;NghJ bk;
Nghapd – ed;ik fz;Nlhnkd;W
ngh;dh;];. Rtpl;rh;yhe;jpy; cs;s
Fk;kpab”
nrh;d; epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;wpf;
nfhz;bUe;j hh;. mth; jdJ
Vl;ilAk; ngz;fs; njhLtJ
gzpfis kw;wth;fs; vspjhf
jPiknad;W vz;zpapUe;jth; kha;e ;J
Md;iyd; topahf ngWk; tifapy;
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xUq;fpizf;f epidj;jhh; .
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kh. gpNuk; Fkhh; vr;bvk;vy; vd;gjhFk;. xt;nthU
jkpo; ,yf;fpak; %d;whkhz;L ,izag; gf;fj;Jf;Fk; chpa
1969-Mk; Mz;by; ,izak; (,d; lh; jdpj;J ,lkhd ‘A+Mh; vy;’
nel;) Kjd;Kjyhf rpW mstpy; fhyb (A+dpth;ry; hpNrhh;]; nyhNfl;lh; )
kw;Wk; xU njhFg;G tpjpfs; my;yJ
vLj;J itj;jJ. ‘Mh;ghnel;’ vd;w
‘GNuhl;lh fhy;fs; (vr;bbgp my;yJ
ngahpy; ‘mnkhpf;f ghJfhg;G Kd;Ndhb
i`gh; nlf;];l; buhd;];gh;
Muha;r;rpj; jpl;l Kfik (Mh;gh) ,e;j
GNuhl;Nlh fhy;];) Fwpg;gpl;l
tiy ,izg;ig cUthf;fpaJ.
gf;fq;fis ,izaj;jpy; xd;whf
,izf;f cjTfpwJ.
gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> Muha;r;rp
ikaq;fis ,e;j tiyaikg;G

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 13 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

 ghypfpuhg;
nrb> nfhbfSf;Ff; $l caph;
cs;sJ vd;gij gy tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;dNu lhf;lh; n[fjP] ;
re;jpuNgh]; vd;w ,e;jpa tpQ;Qhdp
jdJ Muha;r;rpfs; %yk; ep&gpj;jhh;.
cyfpd; KjyhtJ ,izajsj;ij Mdhy;> nrb> nfhbfSf;Fj; jk;
Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; epfOk; epfo;Tfis
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mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; jpwDk;>
ngUikAk; ngh;dh;]; yPiaNa NrUk;.
czh;TfSk;> epidthw;wYk; cz;L
vd;gJ Gjpa nra;jp.
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fz;Lgpbg;Gfshy; gzk; VJk;
xUth; cz;ik $Wfpwhuh
<l;ltpy;iy. khwhf ‘nel;];Nfg;’ ig
my;yJ ngha; NgRfpwhuh vd;gijf;
,izj;J cUthf;fpa khh;f fz;lwpa cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk;
Mz;lh;rd; Nghd;Nwhh; ,izajsj;jhy;
fUtpNa ghypfpuhg;. ,ij iy
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 14 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
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mth; gjpy; nrhy;Yk; NghJ mtuJ kdf;ftiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ
clypy; Vw;gLk; gy Ez;zpa ghypfpuhg; gjpTfspy; vd; d khw;wk;
khw;wq;fis ghypfpuhg; fUtp ,Uf;FNkh> mNj Nghd;w khw;wk;
Jy;ypakhd NfhLfshf fpuhg; tbtpy; gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j nrbia ntl;ba
gjpT nra;Ak;. ,e;jg; gjpTfs; NghJ ,e;jr; nrbfspy; Vw;gl;lJ.
cz;ik NgRk;NghJ xU tpjkhfTk;>
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,Uf;Fk;. ,e; j tpj;j pahrq;fis ghpNrhjidapy; <Lgl;l MW
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cz;ikah> ngha;ah vd;gijf; miwapDs; mDg;gg;gl;ldh;.
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,th;fs; xt;nthUtUk; jdpj;jdpNa ntl;lg;gl;lij czh;e;jNjhL
me;j miwapDs; mDg;gg;gl;ldh;. kl;Lkpd;wp> ntl;batidAk;
epidtpy; itj;jpUe;jJ. Rkhh; xU
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tpl;L ntspNa tUk;NghJ ghypfpuhg; Fwpg;gpl;l khzth; miwapy;
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,y;iy. MwhtJ egh; cs;Ns gjpTfsp;y; khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jd.
Eioe;J ghypfpuhg; ,izf;fg;glhky; njhFg;G: v];.ruj;Fkhh;
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 15 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
 gbj;jhh;. mjpy; tQ;rq;fis vjph;j;J
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me;jg; Gdpj G+kpahd mtUf;F taJ 18.
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ngw;whh;;. nfhz;lhh;. mtUila
vz;zk; td;Kiwapy;
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jz;lidahy; gs;sp tho;f;ifia Mrphpauhfg; gzp Ghpe;jhh;. ,JNt
ntWj;jhh;. ~hNth`hq;if efiu rPdh ,isQh; fSf;Fj;
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,yl;rpaj;ij kdj;jpy; gjpj;jhh;. eilngw;wJ. rPdhtplk; gyte;jkhf
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khzth;fSf;F ehl;L elg;G> ehl; bd; fg;gl;ld. 1894,y; rPdh
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rPh;Fiyit mwpe;J khzth;fs; rPdh rptg;G gil Kf;fpakhdjhfj;
fpsh;r;rp kdg;ghd;ik nfhz;lth; jpfo;e;jJ.
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 16 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
typik epiwe;j fl;rpahfj; jpfo;e;jJ.
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~hNth~hDf;F Kg;gj;jpuz;L Mz;L ngUikf;Fhpath; Nf.v];.Mh; . Mthh;;.
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el;gpd; ghrk; mjpfk;
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cz;ikahd el;G
nra;j nghd;dhd jiyth;
jhapd; fUtiwg; Nghy;
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ahUk; ghh;j;jjpy;iy.
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tpbAk; tiu my;y> ‘fgbj;je;ij’ vdg; Nghw;wp tUfpwJ.
caph; gphpAk; tiu.
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ekf;F el;G vd;Dk; kf;fisf; fhf;Fk; khngUk; jha;
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Jfpypay; Jiw Kjyhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;tjpYk; Kd;Ndhbahf
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 17 mf;Nlhgh; 2010
Nf.v];.Mh;. jpfo;fpwhh;. Gjpa Nf.v];.Mh; Mthh;. jhd; kl;Lk;
njhopy;El;gq;fisj; jdJ ghy; ,uj;jjhdk; nra;tNjhL epWj;j hky;
gz;izapy; GFj;jp> ghy; cw;gj;jpapy; jd;idr; rhh;e;Js;s njhopyhsh;
Gul;rpiar; nra;j ngUik Nf.v];.Mh; Njhoh;fisAk;> fy;tpahsh;fisAk;>
mth;fisNa rhUk;. jpUr;nrq;NfhL khzt> khztpah;fisAk;> jd;
tl;lk; ghy; cw;gj;jpapy; eakhd Ngr;rhYk;> ghuhl;Lf;fshYk;>
Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;tjw;F Nf.v]; .Mh; ,uj;jjhdk; nra;a Cf;Ftpj;J
mth;fNs fhuzk;. tUfpd;whh;. ,jdhy; Mz;LNjhWk;
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd Vio> vspa
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“cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph; njhopyhsh;fs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs;>
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NghuhLk; thfdthrpfs; gad; ngw;W
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Nghw;wpr; nra;Ak; Kd;Ndhb
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tptrhapahf Nf.v];.Mh; tpsq;Ffpwhh;.
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G+r;rp kUe;Jfs; Mfpatw;iwf;
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Kiwiag; GJikahd Kiwapy;
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‘ntw;wp’ ehk; ngWtJ.
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nra;J Ntshz;ikj;Jiwapy; jd;dp ‘Njhy;tp’ ehk; fw;gJ.
iwT ngw;W cioj;J tUfpwhh;. Kjypy; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk;
gpd;dh; ntw;wp nfhs;Nthk;.
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gl;lwpthy; czh;e;j gz;ghl;L ehafh;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 18 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

 njhlh; nra;As; : gFjp - 04
gh - ifapy; Ve;jptUk; ghtyiu
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gz;GlDk; md;GlDk; ghpRfs; jUgth!
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epfhpy;rg; ghzpnfhl;Nl!
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epide;Jrg; ghzpnfhl;Nl!

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gps;isj;jkpopd; ehd;fhk; gUtk;

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tdpijuh [k;ikapd; Gdpjif gw;wpNa
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lth! gth!
gynra;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 19 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

 
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,uz;lhkplk; ngw;W ghpRj; njhif Kidth; kh. fhh;j;j pNfad; mth;fs;
&gha; %thapuj;ijg; ngw;Ws;shh;. tuNtw;Giu toq;fpdhh;. fy;Y}hp
mtUf;F tpbaypd; tho;j;Jfs;. Kjy;th; ‘Mrphpah;fspd; nrhw;fs;
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gpufhrpf;fpd;wd. V. Rkpj;uh
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ctifAld; nra;Ak; cq;fis kdjhu
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 20 20 mf;Nlhgh; 2010

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