Image Reconstruction in Optical Tomography

John C Schotland
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
schotland@seas.upenn.edu

Joint work with Vadim Markel, Shari Moskow and George Panasyuk
Experiments by Soren Konecky and Arjun Yodh
Overview
Optical tomography

laser detectors

computer electronics
Inverse problem

Problem: Reconstruct the optical absorption from

boundary measurements.
First generation Penn scanner (1995)
Pulsed laser
1 mW, 5MHz
780, 830 nm optical switch Detector
module
Router

8x1

reference channel
attenuator
trigger pulse

PC TAC MCA

100 source-detector pairs

 Ductal carcinoma

Absorption coefficient 780 nm Absorption coefficient 830 nm

Δµa (cm-1) Δµa (cm-1)

0.10 0.10

0.05 0.05

0.0 0

Hemoglobin concentration Hemoglobin

HHe saturation
Δ[BV] (mM)

0.30 100 %
0.20
50 %
0.10
0
0
Philips scanner (1998)

105 source-detector pairs

Optical mammogram
Noncontact optical tomography (2005)

laser

CCD

xy scanner
Fundamental problems
Reconstructions from experimental data

•108 source-detector pairs

• 103 sources and 105 detectors
• 8 mm diameter black balls in 1% IL
• Balls in midplane of slab
• 50 mm slab thickness
• 2.6 mm slice separation
• 256 £ 256 pixels per slice
• 15 cm £ 15 cm FOV
• Reconstruction time ~ 10 min
Resolution and bar targets
Reconstruction of shape

Z = 3 cm
Z = 1 cm Z = 5 cm
4 x 107 source-detector pairs
6 cm slab thickness
Letters are silicone rubber
and 3 mm wide
3:1 absorption contrast
FOV = 12 cm x 12 cm
Reconstruction time < 1 min
Nonlinearity and strong absorption
 Waves in random media

λ Wigner transform asymptotics

Maxwell equations RTE Diffusion equation
ladder diagrams

Waves Particles
Scattering of diffuse waves

Ba
Born series

Inverse Probl. (2007)

Convergence of the Born series

L1
L2
Nonlinear inverse problem
Toy problem
Born series
Inverse scattering series I

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (2003)

Inverse scattering series II
Diagrammatic expansion

First correction Second correction

App. Phys. Lett. (2006)

Inverse scattering series II
Nonlinear reconstructions

App. Phys. Lett. (2006)

Historical remarks
Convergence of the inverse scattering series

Ba
Convergence of inverse scattering series

L1
L2
Stability
Scalar waves
Scalar waves
Further work