38.

75: a) The wavelength of the gamma rays is

hc (6.63  10 34 J  s)(3.00  108 m s)
λi    1.24  10 12 m
Ei (1.00  10 6 eV)(1.60  10 19 J eV)
and the wavelength of the final visible photons is 5.00  10 7 m. So, the increase in
wavelength per interaction (assuming about 10 26 interactions) is
5.00  10 7 m  1.24  10 12 m
 5.00  10 33 m.
10 26
h h  2  h
b)  λ  (1  cos  )  1  1     2 (for small  ).
mc mc  2  2mc
2mcλ 2(9.11  10 31 Kg)(3.00  108 m s)(5.00  10 33 m)
So  
h (6.63  10 34 J  s)
 6.42  10 11 radians  (3.68  10 9 ).
10 26 collisions
c)  10 6
years  3.15  10 13
sec   3.17  1012 collisions sec 
3.15  1013 sec
3.15  10 13 sec collision .
How far does light travel in this time? (3.00  108 m s) (3.15  10 13 sec collision) 
9.45  10 5 m  0.0945 mm  0.1mm.