28.31: We will travel around the loops in the counterclockwise direction.


a)  I encl = 0 ⇒∫ B ⋅ dl = 0.

b)  I encl = −I1 = −4.0 A ⇒∫ B ⋅ dl = −μ0 (4.0 A ) = −5.03 ×10 −6 T ⋅ m.

c) I encl = −I1 + I 2 = −4.0 A + 6.0 A = 2.0 A ⇒∫ B ⋅ dl = μ0 ( 2.0 A )
= 2.51 ×10 −6 T ⋅ m.

d) I encl = −I1 + I 2 + I 3 = 4.0 A ⇒∫ B ⋅ dl = +μ0 (4.0 A ) = 5.03 ×10 T ⋅ m.
−6

Using Ampere’s Law in each case, the sign of the line integral was determined by
using the right-hand rule. This determines the sign of the integral for a counterclockwise
path.