21.

44: A positive and negative charge, of equal magnitude q , are on the x-axis, a
distance a from the origin.
1 2q
a) Halfway between them, E  4πε a 2 , to the left.
0

b) At any position

 1   q q 
 
  
 , | x |  a
 4πε0  (a  x) 2 (a  x) 2 

 1   q q 
x, E   
   ,
 x  a
 4πε0  (a  x) 2 (a  x) 2 
 1   q q 
 
  
 , x   a

 4πε0  (a  x) 2 (a  x) 2 

with “+” to the right.

This is graphed below.