∆=N ∑ x 2−¿ ¿

¿ 11 ¿

=1.8x10^8

Find the Gradient

1
m= ¿
∆

1
[11 (−6605.889 ) −4101 (−13.9386 ) ]
1.8× 108

¿−8.613 ×1 0−5 cps m g−1 c m 2

Find the interception,c

1
c= ¿
∆

1
¿ ¿ 2185889(-13.9386)-4101(-6605.889)]
1.8× 10 8

=-0.4187 cps

Intercept,c= -0.4187±0.4

1
σ 2= ( y −c−mx )❑2
N −2 ∑

1
( 184.05 )
11−2 ∑
¿

=20.45
 σ 2 ≅ 11 20.45
σm ≅N
2
∆ 1.8 × 10 8 ( )
≅ 1.2497 × 10−6

σm ≅ 1.118 ×1 0−5 cps m/g cm^2

2 σ2 2
σc ≅ ∑ x
∆

20.45
≅ (2185889)
1.8 ×1 08

σ c 2 ≅ 0.24834

σ c ❑ ≅ 0.2283

x ∑y
Centriod,s =
(∑ N
,
N )
= ( 4101
11
,
−13.9389
11 )
=(372.82,-1.267)

Percentage slope,

1.118 × 10−5
m=
|
−8.613 ×1 0−5
×100 %=¿12.98% |
Percentage intercept,

0.2283
C=|−0.4187 |×100 %=54.53 %
To calculate the range of beta rays in aluminium for this particular energy,

A(x )= Ao e−ax

Ao=initial intensity

A= intensity after traversing a distance of x cm

a= absorption coefficient (from curve obtain=0.00008613)

where relative activity of background is 0.295

value of Ao=1.068

0.295=1.068 e−0.00008613 x

So, x≈ 13 g/c m2

With α, range for beta rays of aluminium is approximately 13g/cm^2.

∆ x ln Ao−ln A
=
x α

∆ ln Ao/ ln Ao+∆ ln A /ln A +∆ α / α

∆ x=0.8241×13

=10.71

X=(13.00±10.71)g/cm^2

Refer to table 2, energy with range of 13g/cm^2

13/40=E-0.400/0.500-0.400

E=0.4325MeV

From The Handbook Of Chemistry and Physics 73 rd ed.

Standard energy of beta decay from ❑204 T I is 0,76MeV

Therefore the deviation is |0.4325−0.760

0.760 |×100 %
=43.09%