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    Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a refractive defect where light focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it. For those with myopia, distant objects appear blurred while near objects are clear. This occurs because the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too steep. Myopia is commonly corrected through corrective lenses like glasses or contact lenses, but can also be treated with refractive surgery which does carry risks. Myopia has been classified in different ways, including by its cause such as axial myopia from increased eye length or refractive myopia from the eye's refractive elements.

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    Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a refractive defect where light focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it. For those with myopia, distant objects appear blurred while near objects are clear. This occurs because the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too steep. Myopia is commonly corrected through corrective lenses like glasses or contact lenses, but can also be treated with refractive surgery which does carry risks. Myopia has been classified in different ways, including by its cause such as axial myopia from increased eye length or refractive myopia from the eye's refractive elements.

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    3 views1 page

    Myopia

    Uploaded by

    Pankaj Rai
    Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a refractive defect where light focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it. For those with myopia, distant objects appear blurred while near objects are clear. This occurs because the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too steep. Myopia is commonly corrected through corrective lenses like glasses or contact lenses, but can also be treated with refractive surgery which does carry risks. Myopia has been classified in different ways, including by its cause such as axial myopia from increased eye length or refractive myopia from the eye's refractive elements.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Myopia

    Myopia (Greek: μυωπία, muōpia, "nearsightedness"),[1] is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated
    light produces image focus in front of the retina when accommodation is relaxed.

    For those with myopia, far away objects appear blurred and near objects appear clearly. With myopia, the
    eyeball is too long, or the cornea is too steep, so images are focused in the vitreous inside the eye rather than
    on the retina at the back of the eye. The opposite defect of myopia is hyperopia or "farsightedness" or "long-
    sightedness"—-this is where the cornea is too flat or the eye is too small.

    Eye care professionals most commonly correct myopia through the use of corrective lenses, such as glasses
    or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by refractive surgery, but this does have many risks and side
    effects. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power (i.e. are concave) which compensates for the
    excessive positive diopters of the myopic eye.

    Alternative ideas and methods of treatment exist, most notably the claim that myopia is caused by excessive
    near sight work.[citation needed]

    Classification

    Myopia has been classified in various manners.[2][3][4]

    By cause

    Borish and Duke-Elder classified myopia by cause:[3][4]

     Axial myopia is attributed to an increase in the eye's axial length.[5]


     Refractive myopia is attributed to the condition of the refractive elements of the eye.[5] Borish
    further subclassified refractive myopia:[3]

     Curvature myopia is attributed to excessive, or increased, curvature of one or more of the


    refractive surfaces of the eye, especially the cornea.[5] In those with Cohen syndrome, myopia
    appears to result from high corneal and lenticular power.[6]
     Index myopia is attributed to variation in the index of refraction of one or more of the ocular
    media.[5]

    Elevation of blood-glucose levels can also cause edema (swelling) of the crystalline lens
    (hyperphacosorbitomyopicosis) as a result of sorbitol (sugar alcohol) accumulating in the lens. This edema
    often causes temporary myopia (nearsightedness). A common sign of hyperphacosorbitomyopicosis is
    blurring of distance vision while near vision remains adequate.[citation needed]

    elopment.

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