1990 01

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Just the fact that such a van with II video camera is moving around Delhi roads i going to have II salutary effect 011 traffic violators (p. 7).

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The Americans decimated Japan in 1945, and after World War II, rebuilt it with enormous economic backing as a model country to disprove the communist ideology that poverty cannot be removed through the process of capitalism. Democracy was planted on its territory in place of ancient monarchy. Its constitution was written by the Americans. Its defence was controUed from Washington DC. After 35 years of this experiment, bitter economic disagreements have clouded US-Japan relations in recent years. There is a terrific trade imbalance. In 1986 Japan sold goods to the US to the value of $60 billion in excess of the goods purchased . from the States, contributing to the total American trade deficit of 5170 billion. Indigenous rice production costs Japan 52,000 a ton, yet she is not prepared to buy rice from her benefactor, the US, offered at 5180 a ton with a view "to protect Japanese farmers". The US is sore that the "Japanese have closed their markets to American goods" (p. 2).

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But one need not strain one's commonsense to conclude that the initial provocation had come from the Shiva Sena chief.

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Islamic call in the threshold of a new century.

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The reason for such increase, 1$ that Islam fulfills all requirements of life.

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The Italian imperialists exhorted their countrymen to forget Mazzini and remember Julius Caesar (p. 1058).

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(14/692) ~~tJf ftid'd." ~~J~IL.

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The main problem of the oil boom is how best to use the large sums of money available to promote the well-being qf the nation as a whole (10/882).

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Libya's New Oil Era

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And the winner is .... (p. 21).

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The Garden 01 Paradise 6/_ 5/· ~~~V 25/- .;.. ~ OJl-/I
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