]p-kv-X-I-w- aq-∂-v / e-°w- B-d-v - / 2006 Un-kw--_¿-- -/1427 Zp¬-JAv-Z-x-

9
am-[y-a߃ a-\- v- a-en-\-am-°p-tºmƒ
˛ A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o≥-

4 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw- 35 Cu- h-kv-{X-Øn-\-I-Øv- Rm≥-

6 hn-ip-≤- ]m-X- kp-c-£n-X-bm-Wv-
˛A_q-A-ao≥- ˛kp¬Øm\ bpkp-^en,- sSmsdmt≠m

7 ]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv- 37 _lp-`m-cyXzw hnhn-[-

a-XZ¿i-\-ß-fn¬
22 Ckvemapw {]Ir-Xnbpw ˛im-lp¬ hmSm-\-∏≈n
˛D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-
40 Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
27 tbip-{In-kvXphpw {InkvXp-hns‚ aXhpw
hnip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬ 43 CkvemanI aqey-ß-fpsS ss\c-¥cyw
˛keow ]Sve, _mw•q¿ ˛dPo_v.- F

33 Fs‚ icocw Fs‚ kz¥w Imcyw 50 Xn-cp-sam-gn-

˛\loZv apkvXz^ ˛A_q-a-p-^o-Zv-

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-19.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, P.B. No 1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19, Ernakulam, Kerala.

2006Un-kw-_¿- 3
 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS-
{In-kv-a-kv- Jp¿-B-\n-tem?-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-epw- {In-kv-a-kn-\v-
sX-fn-hp-s≠-∂v- kv-Ym-]n-°p-hm-\p-≈- {i-
a-Øn-em-Wn-∂v- {In-kv-Xy≥- an-j-W-dn-am¿.-
H-cp- {K-Ÿw- t]m-epw- A-Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-
h¿- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- F-∂m¬- Jp¿-
B-\n-se-∂-√- ss_-_n-fn¬- t]m-epw- {In-
kv-a-kn-\v- sX-fn-hn-s√-∂-Xm-Wv- bm-Ym¿-
Yyw.- Jp-¿-B-\n¬- {In-kv-a-kn-\v- sX-fn-hp-
I-s≠-Øm≥- {i-an-°p-∂h - ¿,-- A-h¿
- - hnip-
≤- {K-Ÿa - m-bw-Ko-Ic
- n-°p-∂- ss_-_n-fn¬
sX-fn-hp-t≠m- F-∂v- ]-c-Xp-I-bm-Wv- B-
Zyw- th-≠-Xv.-
"{Inkv‰kv', "sa m' F∂o c≠v ]u
cmWnI Cw•ojv ]Z߃ tem]n®
XmWv "{Inkvakv'. {InkvXphns≥d P\\
sØ A\pkvacn°pI F∂¿Yw.
c≠mbncam≠pIƒ°papºv AKkv
‰kv kokdpsS `cWhmgvNbpsS 42˛mw
h¿jw, A∏Øns≥d `h\sa∂¿Yw
hcp∂ (amwkØns≥d `h\sa∂pw ]d
bs∏Smdp≠v) {]IrXnkuμcyw hgn
s™mgpIp∂ ss_Øp√lav Bbncp
∂ t_X-vetlsa∂ sIm®p Xmgvhcbn
se ]p¬sXm´nbn¬ `qPmX\mb {Inkv
Xptbiphns≥d P∑Zn\ambmWv ss{I
kvXh temIw Unkw_¿ 25˛s\ hniz
kn°p∂Xv. Unkw_¿ 25˛\v {Inkvakv
BtLmjn°p∂Xv {KnKdn am¿]-m∏ bm
¬ hncNnXamb {KntKmdnb≥ Ie≠¿
{]ImcamsW¶nepw ^ntem°men≥ Ie
≠dmWv Unkw_¿ 25 {Inkvakv Zn\
ambn BZyw {]Jym]n®Xv.
tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\kab
Øv XßfpsS B´n≥]‰Øn\p Imhem
bn t_Xvetlan\v kao]ap≈ Ip∂n
≥sNcphpIfn¬ B´nSb∑m¿ cm]m¿
2006Un-kw-_¿-
kw-hm-Zw-
Øncp∂Xmbpw tbip{InkvXphns≥d
ZnhyP\\Øns≥d ZrjvSm¥sat∂m
Ww AhcpsS Xe°v aosXsbmcp \£
{XapZn®Xmbpw AXv Ah¿°v hnip≤
iniphns≥d P\\kv Y eamb ]p¬
sØm´nbnte°v hgnImWn®Xmbpw
eqt°mkv hniZoIcn°p∂p≠v. eqt°m
kv Xs∂ kwkmcn°s´:
""....A∂sØ B {]tZiØv CS
b∑m¿ cm{Xnbn¬ B´n≥Iq´sØ Imh
¬ImØv shfnbn¬ ]m¿Øncp∂p. A
t∏mƒ I¿Ømhns≥d Hcp ZqX≥ Ahcp
sS AcnsI\n∂p.- I¿Ømhns≥d tXP
 v Ahsc Np‰nan∂n, Ah¿ `b]chicm
bnØo¿∂p. ZqX≥ AhtcmSv: `bs∏tS
≠; k¿ΔP\Øn\pw D≠mhm\ps≈mcp
almkt¥mjw Rm≥ \nßtfmSv kphn
tijn°p∂p. I¿Ømhmb {InkvXp F
∂ c£nXmhv C∂v ZmhoZns≥d ]´W
Øn¬ \n߃°mbn P\n®ncn°p∂p. \n
߃°v ASbmftam; ioeIƒ Np‰n ]ip
sØm´nen¬ InS°p∂ Hcp iniphns\
\n߃ ImWpw F∂v ]d™p. s]s´∂v
kz¿Kobssk\yØns≥d Hcp kwLw
ZqXt\mSv tN¿∂v ssZhsØ ]pIgvØn.
""AXyp∂Xßfn¬ ssZhØn\v al
Øzw; `qanbn¬ ssZh{]kmZap≈ a\p
jy¿°v kam[m\w'' F∂v ]d™p.
ZqX∑m¿ Ahsc hn´v kz¿KØn¬
t]mb tijw CSb∑m¿: \mw t_Xv-e
tltamfw sN∂v I¿Ømhv \tΩmSv A
dnbn® Cu kw`hw ImtWWw F∂v
XΩn¬ ]d™p. Ah¿ _≤s∏´p sN
∂v, adnbsbbpw tbmtk^ns\bpw ]
ipsØm´nen¬ InS°p∂ iniphns\
bpw I≠p. I≠tijw Cu ss]Xen
s\°pdn®v XßtfmSv ]d™ hm°v
Adnbn®p. tI´h¿ F√mhcpw CSb∑m
4
¿ ]d™Xns\°pdn®v BivNcys∏´p.
adnb Cu hm°pIsfms°bpw lrZb
Øn¬ kw{Kln®v [ym\n®psIm≠ncp
∂p. XßtfmSv Adnbn®Xpt]mse CS
b∑m¿ tI´Xpw I≠Xpamb F√m‰ns\
bpw Ipdn®v ssZhsØ alØ-zs∏Sp
Ønbpw ]pIgvØnbpw sIm≠p aSßn
t∏mbn.....'' (eqt°mkv- 2:8˛20).
am{Xa√, P\kwJym IWs°Sp
∏n\mbn P\߃ B {]tZiØpIqsS
{]kvXpX kabØv cm]I¬ t`Zas\y
bm{XsNbv X ncp∂Xmbpw thZ]pkv
XIw hniZoIcn°p∂p. Npcp°Øn¬
tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\ Znhktam
amktam hyIvXambn hniZoIcn°p
∂ns√¶nepw B´nSb∑m¿°v Xpd mb
hb¬ {]tZißfn¬ XßfpsS BSpI
ƒ°v Imhembn cm]m¿°p∂Xn\\p
tbmPyamb ImemhkvYbp≈; BIm
iw \£{XmewIrXamb Hcp sXfn™
cm{Xnbmbncp∂p tbip{InkvXp P\n®
sX∂v eqt°mkv kqNn∏n°p∂p. sIm
Spw ssiXyap≈ Unkw_¿ A¥yØn
¬ CØcsamcp cm{Xnhmkw Akm[yw
Xs∂. eqt°mkns≥d hnhcWØne
Sßnb kmlNcy sXfnhpIsfm∂pw
tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\w Unkw_¿
25˛\msWt∂m Unkw_dnemsW∂p
t]meptam sXfnbn°p∂n√. adn®v, A
sXmcp DjvWImemhkvYbnembncn°
Wsa∂v A\pam\n°phmt\ km[n°q.
_nj∏v _m≥kv eqt°mkns≥d
Cu hmIysØ ]cma¿in®psIm≠v
FgpXp∂p: ""tbip{InkvXphns≥d P∑
Zn\w Unkw_¿ 25 Xs∂bmsW ∂p≈
hnizmkØn\v bmsXmcp ASnkvYm\
hpan√. PqXm t]meps≈mcp ]¿hX {]
tZiØv sImSpwssiXy Ime cm{Xnbn¬
Dujvamhv hfsc Xmgv∂ncn°pIbpw a
™v iIv X hpamb Imemhkv Y bn¬
s_Xvetlan\SpØp≈ hbepIfn¬
B´nSb∑m¿ cm]m¿Øpsh∂ eqt°m
kns≥d "P\\IY'bv°v A{]amZnXzw
I¬]n°p∂psh¶n¬, tbiphns≥d P\
\w Unkw_¿ t]meps≈mcp ioXIm
eØ√ kw`hn®sX∂v AwKoIcnt°
≠nhcpw'' (Rise of Christainity P. 79) .
{Inkvakns≥d Ncn{X ]ivNmØe
Ønte°v hnc¬Nq≠p∂ tUm. B¿X¿
Fkv. ]o°ns≥d "tbip{InkvXphns≥d
P\\Imew Unkw_¿ Bbncn°bn√.
BZyambn ]mivNmXycn¬ ImWs∏´
Xpw Ime{ItaW ]ndsI h∂Xpamsbm
cp ]mcºcyamWnXv' (Comm entory on
Bible P. 727) F∂ hmZsØ A\pIqen
®psIm≠v ss{IkvXh kmlnXy A°m
Zan D]m[y£\pw {]apJ Nn¥I\pam
bncp∂ tUm. Nmƒkv tPm¨ Xs≥d
Good News update 89 {Inkvakv ]Xn∏n
se ]{Xm[n]tImfØnsegpXp∂p: ""Un
kw_¿ amkØnemWv tbip `qPmX\m
bsX∂v AhImis∏Sp∂hcpsS IW
°pIq´epIƒ sX‰msW∂Xnte°mWv
kmlNcysXfnhpIƒ hnc¬Nq≠p∂Xv.
sImSpwssiXyap≈ Unkw_dn¬ B
{]tZiØv "CSb∑m¿ cm{Xnbn¬ B´n≥
Iq´sØ ImØv shfnbn¬ ]m¿°pI' F
∂Xv Akm[yambXp sIm≠v hnip≤
inip P\n®Xv sk]vXw_dntem HIvtSm
_dntem BIm\mWv IqSpX¬ km[yX''.
ss{IkvXh ]WvUnX∑m¿°pXs∂
{InkvakvZn\sØ°pdn®v sFIyØnse
Øm≥ km[n®n´ns√∂mWv Unsse‰v kmw
FgpXp∂Xv: "{Inkvakv Unkw_¿ 25˛\v
Xs∂bmbncp∂psh∂ hkvXpX Hcp X¿
°hnjbamWv' (Good News update Dec.88).
Npcp°Øn¬ {Inkvakv Zn\w Un
kw_¿ 25 Xs∂bmsW∂p≈Xn\v
{]amWßsfm∂pw e`yas√∂v am{X
a√, thZ]pkvXIhpw ss{IkvXh km
lnXyßfpw Cu hnizmksØ \ncm
Icn°pI IqSn sNøp∂p.
hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d ho£Ww
thZ]pkv X Ißfpw ss{Ikv X h
kmlnXyßfpw {Inkvakv Zn\Øns≥d
{]mamWnIXbn¬ kwibmep°fmIp
tºmƒ, tbip{InkvXphns≥d AXv`pX
P\\sØbpw AΩbmb adnbbpsS ]
cnip≤Xsbbpw kphyIvXambn hniZo
Icn°p∂ ssZhnI{K\vYamb hnip≤
2006Un-kw-_¿-
Jp¿B≥ tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\
ImeØnte°v- kqN\ \¬-Ip-∂p-≠v.-
{]khthZ\bSpØv kao]ap≈
CuØ∏\bpsS Nph´nte°p \oßnb
adnbtbmSv CuØ∏\hr£w ]nSn®p
Ipep°nbm¬ ]gpØv `£ytbmKyamb
]g߃ sImgn™phogpsa∂pw At∏m
ƒ Ah `£n®v hni∏S°msa∂pw X
s≥d Xmgv`mKØpIqsS HgpIp∂ Acp
hnbn¬\n∂pw XWpØ sh≈w IpSn
°msa∂pap≈ ssZhnI kt¥mj hm¿
Ø Ahsf Adnbn®Xmbn hnip≤
Jp¿B≥ (19:23˛26) {]Xn]mZn°p∂p≠v.-
hnip≤ {K\vYØns≥d Cu A\izc
hmIyßfn¬\n∂v CuØ∏\ ]nSn®pIp
ep°nbm¬ ]gpØ ]gw hogmhp∂,
XWpØsh≈w IpSn°mhp∂ Imemh
kvYbnembncp∂p tbip{InkvXphns≥d
P\\sa∂v kpXcmw {Kln°mw. sImSpw
ssiXyImeamb Unkw_dn¬ {]khn
® DSs\ Hcp kv{XotbmSv A\p{Klsa
t∂mWw Acphnbnse XWpØ sh≈w
IpSn°phm\p≈ ssZhnI shfn]mSp
≠mhpIsb∂Xv bpIv X nlo\amWv .
tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\w Unkw_
dnemsW∂ hnizmkØn\v hncp≤amWo
Jp¿B≥ kqIvXsa∂p hyIvXw.
CuØ∏gw ]gp°p∂ kabw AXyp
jvWImeamWv. AXypjvWImemhkv
Ybnep≈ blqZcpsS "Geq¬' F∂
amkØnemWv C{kmtben¬ CuØ∏
gw ]gp°pI F∂v Dyction ary of Bible'
hyIvXam°p∂p. BKkv‰v˛ sk]vXw_
¿ amkØnemWs{X Geq¬ amkw.
tbip{InkvXphns≥d hnip≤ P\\w
Unkw_¿ 25˛\mbncp∂p F∂Xn\p≈
Hcp t\cnb kqN\ t]mepw ss_-_n-fn¬-
\nt∂m hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ \nt∂m e
`ya√. ss{IkvXh ]WvUnX∑m¿ Xs∂
C°mcyØn¬ tbmPn∏nseØnbn´n√.-
hniz{]kn≤ hnPvRm\tImiamb
"F≥sskt¢m]oUnb {_n´mWn°' bn
¬ {Inkvakns\∏‰n Cßs\ ImWmw:
"tbip{InkvXphns≥d P\\h¿jhpw
Zn\hpw Hcn°epw Xr]vXnIcamwhn[w
¢n]vXs∏´n´n√. F∂m¬ N¿®v ]nXm
°ƒ F.Un. 340¬ CXv BtLmjn°p
hm≥ Xocpam\n®t∏mƒ a\pjy a\ p
Ifn¬ kvYncs∏´ AhcpsS apJy DXvk
hZn\amb Winter solastice ˛-- aIc kw
{Im¥n F∂v \mw- ]-dbp∂ ˛Xs∂
_p≤n]q¿hw sXcs™SpØp'.
5
`IvXntbmsS {Inkvakv BtLmjn
°p∂ ItØmen°mk`bpsS, Xncp∏nd
hnZn\sØ°pdn®p≈ HutZymKnI \ne
]mSv Im-Wp-I-: "km¿h{XnI k`bn¬
Unkw_¿ 25 CutimbpsS P\\ Znh
kambn BtLmjn°p∂p. hnPmXob
cmb tdmam°m¿ kqcytZhs≥d ˛an{X
tZhs≥d˛ P\\Øncp∂mƒ BtLmjn
®ncp∂Xv Cu Znhkambncp∂p. Cu
BtLmjhpambn _\v [ s∏´Xmbn
cn°mw \oXnkqcy\mb CutimbpsS
P\\Øncp\mƒ BZna ss{IkvXh¿
Unkw_¿ 25˛ \pXs∂ BtLmjn®
Xv. Bcw`Øn¬ eØo≥k` am{Xsa
Unkw_¿ 25 Cu timbpsS P\\Øn
cp\mfmbn BtLmjn®ncp∂p≈q.
]n∂oSv A¿ta\nb≥ k` HgnsI F√m
k`Ifpw Cu coXnXs∂ kzoIcn®p.
Unkw_¿ 25 sshhn[yam¿∂ coXnbn
¬ temIsaßpw sIm≠mSp∂p. Cutim
bpsS P\\Znhkw GsX∂v hnip≤{K
\vYØn¬ IrXyamb kqN\bn√mØ
XpsIm≠v BZy \q‰m≠pIfn¬ anin
lmbpsS P\\w ]uckvXyk`Ifn¬
P\phcn Bdn\v BtLmjn®ncp∂Xm
bpw ImWp∂p. CuPn]vXpImcpsS Ie
≠¿ A\pkcn®v kqcytZhs≥d ˛an{X
tZhs≥d ˛P\\Znhkw P\phcn 6 B
bncp∂psh∂Xv {]tXyIw kva¿Xhyam
Wv. AeIvkm{≠nbmbnse hn. ¢a≥dv
(+215) hn. At{]mw (+337) XpSßnbh¿
CutimbpsS Xncp∏ndhn P\phcn Bdn
\msW∂v km£ys∏SpØp∂p≠v (ssZ
himkv{X \nL≠p: t]Pv 141 No^v
FUn. tUm. tPmk^v I√dßm´v).
thZ]pkvXIhpw ss{IkvXh ]Wv
UnXcpw hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw Unkw_¿
25 {Inkvakv Bhm\p≈ Hcp kqN\
t]mepw \¬ImXncp∂n´pw temIamI
am\w Unkw_¿ 25 {Inkvakv Zn\ambn
Adnbs∏´Xv Fßs\ F∂ tNmZyw
AhKWn°mhX√.
tbip{InkvXphns≥d {]t_m[\
ImeØpXs∂ At±lØns≥d ITn\
i{Xphmbncp∂, tbiphns≥d ImeL
´Øn\ptijw ]n¬ImeØv hnPm
XobcpsS At∏mkvXe\mbn®a™v
"kzbw {]Jym]nX At∏mkvXe'\mbn
{]Xy£s∏´ iuse∂ hnip≤
]utem kns≥d Bhn¿`mhw apXte
hnPmXob cpsS BNmcm\pjvTm\߃
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 42¬)-
 Xn-cp-sam-gn-Xn-cp-sam-gn- k¬-I¿-a-ß-sf-
Xn-cp-sam-gn-Xn-cp-sam-gn-
Xn-cp-sam-gn-
\n-jv-{]-`-am-°p-∂-
A_q-- A-ao≥-
{]-I-S-\-]-c-X- Xn-cp-sam-gn-

""-k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf,- sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv- F-Sp-Ø-p- ]-d-™p-sIm-≠pw- i-ey-ap-≠-m-°Xn- cp-sam-gn-

n-s°m-
≠pw- \n-߃- \n-ß-fp-sS- Zm-\-[¿-a-ß-sf- \n-jv-^-e-am-°n-°-f-b-cp-Xv.- A-√m-lp-hn-epw-
]-c-tem-I-Øn-epw- hn-izm-k-an-√m-sX-,- P-\-ß-sf- Im-Wn-°p-hm≥- th-≠n- [-\w- sN-e-hp-
sN-øp-∂-h-s\-t∏m-se- \n-ß-fm-I-cp-Xv.- A-h-s\- D-]-an-°m-hp-∂-Xv- ap-I-fn¬- A¬-]w-
a-Æv- am{X-ap-≈- an-\p-k-ap-≈- Hcp- ]m-d-tbm-Sm-Ip-∂p.- B- ]m-d-ta-¬- I-\-Ø- H-cp- a-g-
]Xn-®p.- B- a-g- A-Xn-s\- H-cp- sa-m-´-∏m-d-bm-°n- am-‰n-°f-™p.- A-h¿- A-[-zm-\n-®-Xn-
s≥-d- bm-sXm-cp- ^-e-hpw- I-c-kv-Y-am-°m≥- Ah-¿-°v- I-gn-bp-I-bn-√....--'' - ˛hnip-≤-
Jp¿-B≥- 2:-185
-

]-c-te-m-I- c-£-bv-°v- k-Xy-hn-izm-k- °pw- Aw-Ko-Im-c-Øn-\pw- th-≠n-bp-≈- I-fp-sS- Aw-Ko-Im-c-hpw- {]o-Xn-bp-a-√m-sX-

hpw- k¬-I¿-a-ß-fpw- A-\-n-hm-cy-am-sW-
∂v- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.- A-√m-lp-hpw-
A-hs - ≥-d- Zq-X\ - pw- k¬-I¿-aß - f
∏n-®- Im-cy-߃- X-s-∂- ]m-c-{Xn-I- temI-
Øv- ^-e-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬- ssZ-h-{]o-Xn-
am{Xw- e-£-y-am-°-n-s°m-≠p-w-- \n-j-vI-f-¶-
hpw- B-flm-¿-Y-am-bp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww- A-Xv-
sN-tø-≠-Xv;- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- am-Xr-I-b-\p-
k-cn-®m-bn-cn-°p-I-bpw- th-Ww.- Cu- \n_-
‘-\-Iƒ-°v- hn-t[-b-a-√m-Ø- G-Xp- I¿a-
hpw- t¢-i-\n¿-`-c-am-sW-¶n¬- t]m-epw ]m-
c-{Xn-I- tem-IØ - v- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- tImS-
Xn-bn¬- bm-sXm-cp- ]-cn-KW - \ - b
Ø-h-bm-bn-cn-°pw.- ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-߃- ap-S-
°n- l-÷v- \n¿-h-l-W-Øn-\m-bn- t]m-Ip-
tºm-gpw- e-£ß - ƒ- Zm-\[ - ¿-aß
sN-e-h-gn-°p-tºm-gpw- Cu- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
Im-cyw- hn-kv-a-cn-®p-Iq-Sm.- Cu- Im-cy-ßfm
W-v- sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep-Xp-am-b- G -- X
- v- I¿-as
bpw- D¬-Ir-jvS- a - m-°p-∂X - v.- C-hb
h-Øn¬- F-{X- h-en-b-- I¿-a-hpw- \n- m-c-
am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bpw- sN-øpw.- -
k¬-I¿-aß - ƒ - - sN-øp-∂ ]-ec
D-≈n¬- \n-∂v- Cu- Nn-¥- \-jSv- s
"B-fp-Iƒ- F-s∂- \-√- co-Xn-bn¬- hn-ebn-
cp-Ø-s´'- F-∂- G-I- Nn-¥- I-S-∂p-h-cnI
bpw- sN-b-vtX-°mw.- B-fp-I-fp-sS- {]o-Xn-
{]h¿-Ø\ - ß- s - f C-ke v- mw- i-‡a - m-bn- F-
Xn¿-°p-∂p-≠v.- "tKm-]y-am-b- _-lp-ssZ-
- m- b
- n- ]Tn- hXzw--'- F-∂m-Wv- tem-am-\y-Øn-\p- th-≠n-
bp-≈- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf- \-_n-() hn-ti-
jn-∏n-®-Xv.- B-cp-am-cpw- Im-Wm-Ø- hn-P\-
{]-tZ-i-Øm-sW-¶n-epw- C-cp-´n-em-sW-¶n-
epw- {k-jv-Sm-hv- X-s∂- k-Zm -ho-£n-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂- t_m-[-am-Wv- hn-
izm-kn-I-fn-ep-≠m-tI-≠-Xv.- kr-jv-Sn-I-sf-
t_m-[n-∏n-°p-hm-\m-bn- B-cm-[-\m-I¿-a-
߃- sN-bv-Xp-Iq-Sm.-
k- ¬ - I ¿- a - ß - f n¬- {]- I - S - \ - ] - c - X -
- pw- e-`n-°m- e£y-am-bn- I-S-∂p-Iq-Sp-tºmƒ- B-flm¿
Y-X- F-∂- A-I-°m-ºv- \-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
]n-s∂- `-‡n-t°m,- {]-m¿-Y-\-bv-t°m- A-
- ƒ-°m-bn- hnsS- kv-Ym-\-ap-≠m-In-√.- Im-]-Syw- A-hn-
sS- Ip-Sn-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠m-Ipw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂- Cu- Zp- z-`m-hs - Ø- I-]S- h- nizmkn-
- Ø- bp-sS- e-£-W-am-bn- Jp¿-B≥- ]-cn-N-b-
- p.- U-`J- s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v- (4:142).-
C-Xn-s\- ]-c-te-m-I-Øn¬- hn-izm-k-
an√m-Ø-h-cp-sS- kz-`m-h-am-bpw- Jp¿-B≥-
- p-sS-bpw- (2:- 264)- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.-
- ∏-Sp-Ibpw- b-Ym¿-Y- hnizm-kn-Iƒ- ssZ-h-{]o-Xn-
e-£y-am-°n- ]m-c-{Xn-I- hn-P-b-Øn-\m-bn-
\n-jv-I-f-¶-am-bn- A-[zm-\n-°p-tºmƒ- A
Ø-cw- hn-izm-k-ß-fn-√m-Ø-h¿-°v- B-fp-
2006Un-kw-_¿- 6
a-s‰-¥m-Wv- e-£y-am-°m-\p-≈-Xv?-
P-\-ß-sf- Im-Wn-°p-hm-\m-bn- -`-‡n-
Im-Wn-°-epw- B-cm-[-\-Iƒ- sN-ø-epw- b-
Ym¿-Y- hn-izm-kn-bp-sS- kz-`m-h-a-√.- ]-m-c-
{Xn-I-tem-I-Øv- a-\p-jy¿- X-ß-fp-sS- I¿-
a-^e - ß- ƒ- kzo-Ic - n-°m-\m-bn- \n¬-°p-∂-
k-μ¿-`Ø - n¬,-- tem-Ia - m-\y-Xb - °
v- m-bn- I¿-
a-߃- sN-bv-X-h-tcm-Sv- A-√m-lp- C-{]-Im-
cw- ]-d-bp-sa-∂v- \-_n-() ]-d-™-n-´p-≠v-:-
""sF-ln-I- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- B-sc- Im-Wn-
°p-hm≥- th-≠n-bm-tWm- \n-߃- {]-h¿-
Øn-®-Xv- A-h-cp-sS- A-Sp-°¬- t]m-bn-
{]Xn-^-ew- h-√-Xp-ap-t≠m- F-∂-v A-t\-z-
jn-°p-I''- (A-lv-a-Zv).-
F-∂m¬- B-flm¿-Y-X-bv-°v- I-f-¶w-
hcm-Ø- \n-e-bv-°v-,- a-‰p-≈-h¿-°v- t{]m¬-
km-l-\-am-I-s´- F-∂v- I-cp-Xn- k¬-I¿-a-
߃- ]-c-ky-am-°p-∂-Xn-s\- C-kv-emw-
hne-°p-∂n-√:-
""cm-{Xn-bpw- ]-Ie - pw- c-lk - y-am-bpw- ]c-
ky-am-bpw- X-ß-fp-sS- kz-Øp-°ƒ- sN-e-
h-gn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h¿-°v- A-h-cp-sS-
c-£n-Xm-hn-¶¬- A-h-c¿-ln-°p-∂- {]-Xn-
^- e - a p- ≠ m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X m- W v . - A- h ¿-
bmsXm-∂pw- `-b-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√.- A-h¿-
ZpxJn-t°-≠n- h-cn-I-bp-an-√''- (2:-274).-
]-{Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-

N-Xn-°p-gn-Iƒ- I-cp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-I-

C-kv-em-an-I- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-s≥-d- co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- \n¿-W-bn-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.- {k-jv-Sm-

hpw- kw-c-£-I-\p-am-b- X-ºp-c-m≥- Xm≥- \n-tbm-Kn-®-b-®- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eq-sS- ]-Tn-∏n-®-
Xm-W-Xv.- I-f-¶-an-√m-Ø- G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bn-te-°pw- a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-Øn-ep-≈-
D-d-®- hn-izm-k-Øn-te-°pw- ssZ-hn-I-t_m-[-\-߃- {]-Im-c-ap-≈- Po-hn-X- hn-ip-≤o-I-c-
W-Øn-te-°p-am-Wv- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-sc-√mw- X-ß-fp-sS- k-aq-l-sØ- £-Wn-®-Xv.- C-h-sb-
°p-dn-®v- Ir-Xy-hpw- hy-‡-hpam-bn- ]-d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- B-i-b-߃-°v- D-t]m¬-
_-e-I-am-b- {]-am-W-ß-fp-≤-cn-®-p-sIm-≠v- {]-t_m-[n-X-cp-sS- Nn-¥-sb- D-±o-]n-∏n-°p-I-bpw-
Kp-WI - mw-£t- bm-sS-bp-≈- k-Zp-]t- Z-iß - ƒ- h-gn- A-hs- c- X-߃- ]-db - p-∂X- n-s≥-d- kXy-
X-sb-°p-dn-®v- sX-cy-s∏-Sp-ØpI-bpw- \-√- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- kw-hm-Z-߃- h-gn- B-Z¿-i-Øn-
s≥-d- A-P-ø-X- t_m-[y-s∏S-p-Øp-I-bpw-- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- -{]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-√mw- kXy-
a-X- {]-t_m-[-\w- \n¿-h-ln-®-Xv;- B-Z¿-iw- H-fn-∏n-®p-sh-®p-sIm-t≠m- B-fp-I-sf- ]o-Un
∏n-®pw- {]-tem-`n-∏n-®pw- -sIm-t≠m- a-X-Øn¬- B-sf-t®¿-°p-hm≥- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-scm-∂pw-
]-cn-{i-an-®n-´n-√.- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-t_m[-\-Øn-s≥-d- co-Xn-im-kv-{X-sa-¥m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂v-
Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂- Jp¿-B-≥- kq-‡w- hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xpw- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X- X-s∂-
bm-Wv-:-
""bp-‡n-Zo-£-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw- k-Zp-]-tZ-iw- ap-tJ-\-bpw- \n-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚-- am¿K-
Øn-te-°-v \o- £-Wn-®p-sIm-≈p-I.- G-‰-hpw- \-√-co-Xn-bn¬- A-h-cp-am-bn- kw-hm-Zw- \-S-
Øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-I....''- (16:-125).-
{]-t_m-[\ - Ø
- n-s≥-d- co-Xn-im-kv{- Xw- \n¿-Wb
- n-°s- ∏-´X- m-sW-∂v- ]-db- p-tºmƒ- {]kv-
Xp-X- co-Xn-im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- h-cp-Xn-bn¬- \n-∂p-sIm-≠v- hy-Xy-kv-X- am¿-K-ß-fp]-tbmKn-
®p-sIm-≠v- {]-t_m-[-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®p-Iq-sS-∂v- a-\- n-em-°n-°q-Sm-Ø-
Xm-Wv.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-√mw- X-s∂- X-߃- \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-hkvY-
bv-°pw- \n-e-hm-c-Øn-\p-a-\p-k-cn-®v- hy-Xy-kv-X- co-Xn-I-fn-ep-≈- {]-t_m-[-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-
߃- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- Im-Wp-hm-\m-Ipw.- k-Xy-a-X- {]-t_m-[-\- cw-K-sØ- F-°m-e-sØbpw-
2006Un-kw-_¿- 7
D-Pze- am-Xr-I-bm-b- C-_v-dm-low -\-_n-()-bp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp-°p-I.- hn-{K-
lm-cm-[I-tcm-Sv- {]-t_m-[-\w- \-S-Øn-b-Xp- t]m-se-b-√- A-t±-lw- \-£-{X- ]q-P-I-tcm-Sv- kw-h-Zn-®-Xv.-
cm-Pm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈- kw-km-cw- t]-ms - e-b√- - {]-PI- t- fm-Sp-≈- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- kw-`m-jW - ߃.- F∂m¬-
F-√m-h-tcm-Spw A-t±-lw- ]-d-™-Xv- Xu-lo-Zpw- B-Jn-d-Øpw- cn-km-e-Øpw- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Cu-
B-Z¿-i-߃- ]-®-bm-bn,- hy-‡-am-bn- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø¿-°pw- a-\- n-em-Ip-∂- co-Xn-bn¬- ]-d-™v- a-\- n-
em-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv- A-t±-lw- sN-bv-X-Xv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS- am-Xr-I-bpw- hy-Xy-kv-Xambn-
cp-∂n-√.- hy-Xy-kv-X- am¿-K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®v- {]-t_m-[n-X¿-°v- G-I-ssZ-hmc-m-[-\-bp-sS- a-l-Ø-zhpw-
a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-h-n-X-Øn-s≥-d- k-Xy-X-bpw- {]-am-W-߃- {]-Im-c-ap-≈- hn-aeo-I-c-W-Øn-s≥-d- A-\n-
hm-cy-X-bpw- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\m-Wv- At±lw- {i-an-®-Xv.- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-s≥-d- co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw-
\n¿W-bn-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂pw- {]-kv-Xp-X- co-Xn-im-kv-{XØn-s≥-d- h-cp-Xn-bn¬- \n-∂p-sIm-≠v- C-kvemw-
hn-cp-≤-a-√m-Ø- am¿-K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®v- {]-t_m-[n-X- k-aq-l-Øn¬- am-‰-ap-≠m-°p-hm-\m-Wv- -{]-t_m[-
I¿- ]-cn-{i-an-t°-≠-sX-∂m-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-sb-√mw- N-cn-{Xw- hy-‡-a-m-°p-∂-Xv.- --
C-¥y- H-cp- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- a-tX-X-c- cm-Py-am-Wv.- a-X-\n-c-t]-£-bm-Wv- \-Ωp-sS- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS-
a÷.- Hm-tcm- ]u-c-\pw- A-bmf-p-sS a-Xw- A-\p-jv-Tn-°p-hm-\pw- {]-t_m-[-\w- s-N-øp-hm-\p-ap-≈- AhIm-
i-ap-s≠-∂v- D-Zv-tLm-jn-°p-∂-Xm-W-Xv.- -Cu- a-X-{]-t_m-[-\- kzm-X-{¥y-Ø-n-\v- `w-Kw- h-cm-\-\p-h-Zn-
°m-sX- kq-£n-t°-≠-Xv- Hm-tcm- hn-iz-m-kn-bp-sS-bpw- _m-[y-X-bm-Wv.- ap-kv-en-an-s\- kw-_-‘n-t®-S-
tØm-fw- A-h-s≥-d Po-hn-X-Øn-¬- \n-∂v- H-c-h-k-c-Øn-epw- H-gn-®p-\n-¿-Øm\m-hm-Ø- a-X-{]-t_m[-\-
Øn-\v- Xp-d-∂- A-\p-hm-Zw- \¬-Ip-∂- Cu- km-l-N-cyw- \n-e-\n¿-Øp-hm≥- ]-cn-{i-an-t°-≠-Xv- A-h-
s≥-d- a-X-]-c-am-b- _m-[y-X-bm-Wv.- a-X-{]-t_m-[-\- kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\p- th-≠n-bm-Wv- A-\n-hm-cy-sa-
¶n¬- B-bp-[-ta-¥p-hm≥- ap-kv-enw- I¬-]-n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv.- B- kzm-X-{¥yw- \-¬-I-s∏-´n-´p-≈- H-cp-
cm-Py-Øv- \-Ωp-sS- H-cp- {]-h¿-Ø-\-hpw- {]-kv-Xp-X- kzm-X-{¥-y-sØ- l-\n-°p-∂- X-e-Øn-te-°v- t]mIm-
Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- Hm-tcm- ap-kv-en-apw- {i-≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.- C-¥y-sb-t∏m-ep-≈- H-cp- cm-P-y-Øv- cm-jv-{S-kw-
hn-[m-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-≈- I-em-]-߃- cm-Py-t{Zm-lw- am-{X-a-√- a-X-t{Zm-lw- Iq-Sn-bm-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-
∂-Xv- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.-
{]-t_m-[-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃- cm-jv-{S- kp-c-£-bv-t°m- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-t\m- `o-j-
Wn-bmIp-sa-∂v- B-sc-¶n-epw- I-cp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h¿- I-Æ-S-®v- C-cp-´m-°m≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv;-
\o-≠- ]-Xn-\m-ep- \q-‰m-≠p- Im-e-sØ- C-kv-em-an-I- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- H-cp- kw-`-hw- t]m-epw- A-h-cp-sS-
I-cp-X-en-s\- km-[q-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\m-bn- A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´- am¿-K-ß-fn-te-sX-¶n-epw-
a-X-\-n-c-t]-£-X-bp-sS- B-flm-hn-s\- I-f-¶-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂h-bm-s-W-∂v- C-kv-em-an-s\- Nq-≠n- H-cmƒ-°pw-
]-d-bm-\pw- I-gn-bn-√.- F-¶n-epw,- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-t_m-[-\w- X-ß-fp-sS- kzm¿-Y- Xm¬-]-cy-߃-°v- hn-
\-bm-Ip-sa-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂-h¿- B-tcm-]-W-ß-fp-sS- `m-fi-ß-fp-am-bn- Du-cp-Np-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°pw.- h-kv-
Xp-XI - f- p-sS- A-]{- K-Y\
- t- am- hn-th-I- ]q¿-Wa - m-b- hn-eb - n-cp-Øt- em- ]-cn-Nb
- a
- n-√m-Øh- c
- m-Wh
- ¿.- Bfp-
I-s-f- hn-Im-cw- sIm-≈n-®v- A-Xn¬- \n-∂v- ap-X-se-Sp-°p-∂-h¿.- {]-t_m-[-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\ß-sf-Ø-s∂-
C-√m-bv-a- sN-øp-I-b-m-Wv- A-h-cp-sS- e-£yw.- {]-t_m-[-I-sc- e-£-yw- sh-®v- hy-Xy-kv-X- cq-]-ß-fn-ep-
≈- I-pgn-Iƒ- \n¿-an-®p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-h¿.- A-h-cp-sS- Ip-gn-I-fn¬- ho-gm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- {]-t_m-[-I¿-
F-t∏m-gpw- _-≤-{i-≤-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.- B-cp-sS-bpw- ta¬- A-[o-i-Øw- kv-Ym-]n-°p-hm≥- th-≠n-b-√,-
B-fp-I-sf- k-Xy-am¿-K-Ø-n-te-°v- \-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- th-≠n-bm-Wv- \mw- {]-t_m-[-\ {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-
te¿-s∏Sp-∂-Xv.-Cu- X-n-cn-®-dn-hp-≈-h-sc- X-ß-fp-sS- Ip-gn-I-fn¬- ho-gv-Øm≥- i-{Xp-°ƒ-°v- {]-bm-kam-
bn-cn-°pw.-- -

2006Un-kw-_¿- 8
 am-[y-a߃--
a-\- v- a-en-\-am-°p-tºmƒ-

A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o≥-

1999 G{]n¬ 20.- FdnIv lmcnkpw ssUem≥ s¢t_m
ƒUpw AXn-cm-hnse Xs∂ Xß-fpsS kvI-qfn-se-Øn-bn-cp-
∂p. \njvIf-¶-cmb 250 Ip´nIsf sIms∂m-Sp-°m-\p≈ ]≤-
Xn-tbm-sS-bmWv Ah¿ A∂v sImsfmw-ss_≥ sslkvIqfn-
se-Øn-bXv F∂v Bcpw Adn-™n-cp-∂n-√. hnZy t\Sp-∂-Xn-
\mbn sS-Iv-kv-‰v- ]pkvX-I-ßfpw t\m´p-_p-°p-I-fp-ambn htc-
≠n-bn-cp-∂-h¿ A∂v h∂Xv t_mw_p-Ifpw tXm°p-I-fp-am-
bn-´m-Wv. Xßsf t]mse ]Tn-°m-s\-Øn-bn-cp∂ \nc-]-cm[n-
I-fmb Ip´n-I-fpsS t\¿°v Ah¿ AXv {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
shÃv ]Uq-°mkv sl¬Øv sslkvIq-fnse CS-\m-gn-
I-bn¬ \njvI-f-¶-cmb aq∂p s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ {]m¿Y-n-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AtX kvIqfn-se -Xs∂ ]Xn-\m-ep-Im-
c\mb ssa°ƒ Im¿\o¬ \njvI-cpWw B aq∂p Ipcp-∂p-

am[y-aß
- ƒ krjvSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ambnI {]]-©Ø - n¬ BIr-jvSc- mbn Xo¿Øpw
AXn\v hnt[-b-ambnt∏-mIp∂ {]h-W-X-bmWv Ip´n-I-fnepw Iuamc-°m-cnepw C∂v
ImWp-∂X - v. CØ-cØ
- n-ep≈ am‰w {Kma-ßf
- nepw \K-cß
- fnepw Gd-d°
- p-d®
- n-ep-It- fmsS-
sb-¶nepw henb tXmXn¬ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p.

2006Un-kw-_¿- 9
I-sfbpw shSn-sh®p sIm∂p.
Ata-cn-°-bnse hyXykvX kvIqfp-
I-fn¬ \S∂ kocn-b¬ sIme-]m-XI - ß
- -
fnse c≠p kw`-h-ß-fmWv apI-fn¬
hnh-cn-®X
- .v ankn-kn-∏n-bnse thƒ, sI‚p-
°n-bnse shÃv ]Uq-°, A¿°≥km
knse tPms\-kvs_m-sdm, Hmdn-tKm-Wn
se kv{]nwMv^o¬Uv, sImf-dm-tUm-bn
se en‰n¬S¨, Imen-t^m¿Wnb F∂o
ÿe-ßf - nse kvIqfp-If - n-emWv a\p-jy-
cm-insb Xs∂ H∂-S¶w InSnew sIm
≈n® sIme-]m-XI - ß
- ƒ Ac-tß-dn-bX - v.
ssUem≥ s¢t_mƒUv , Fdn°v
lmcn-kv, In]v In≥sI¬, ssa°ƒ Im¿
\¬ F∂o kvIqƒ Ip´n-Iƒ \S-Ønb
AXn-Zm-cp-Whpw {Iqchpw H∏w hnZKv[-
amb πm\n-tßm-sSbpw \S-Ønb a\p-jy
°p-cpXn Ah-cpsS Xs∂ hm°p-I-fn¬
\n∂pw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw \√-
Xv. Xs‚ G‰hpw t^h-dn‰v hoUntbm
sKbn-amb jq´v-˛-sZw-˛-A]v F∂ hoUn
tbm sKbn-ans\ ]cm-a¿in-®p-sIm≠v
sImsfmw-ss_≥ kvIqfn¬- sIme \S
Ønb FdnIv lmcnkv C{]-Imcw ]d
™p: ""It is going to be a fucking
Doom!....Tick tock, tick, tick Ha!
Straight out of Doom!''.- ""AXv cXn-Za- mb
\mi-Øn-te°v t]mhp-I-bmWv!..... SnIv
tSmIv, SnIv,- SnIv lm! \mi-Øn-te°v
Iq∏p-Ip-Øp-Ib - mWv!''.- X߃ \S-Øm≥
t]mIp∂ sIme-]m-X-I-ß-fpsS e£y-
߃ hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v sIme-]m-XI - Ø- n
\v apsº Ah hoUntbm sdt°m¿Uv
sNbvX Ah¿, G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ sIme-
]m-X-I-߃ \S-Øp∂ kn\n-a-Iƒ ]nSn-
°p∂ kwhn-[m-bI - ¿ Bcm-Wv ˛- I
- z-≠n≥
Smd‚o- t \m- b mtWm AtXm Ão^≥
kv]o¬ _¿tKm ˛ F∂v N¿®-sN-øm-dp-
≠s{X!
shÃv ]Uq-°mkv sl¬Øv kvIq
fn¬ sIme \S-Ønb ssa°ƒ Im¿\o
¬ sIme-]m-X-I-Øn-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ
]Tn-®Xv The Basket Ball Diaries F∂
Xm≥ I≠ kn\n-a-bn¬ \n∂pamsW∂v
hy‡-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu kn\na I
≠ tijw HºXmw Xc-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p∂
Xs‚ kplr-Øn-t\mSv C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-
I-bp-≠m-bn:- ""^nen-an-te-Xp-t]m-se, \ap
°v CjvS-s∏-SmØ Ip´n-I-sf-sbms°
kvIqfn¬ t]mbn sIm∂p-I-f-bpI.- Djm-
dm-bn-cn-°nt√?'' (1).-- -
2006Un-kw-_¿-
-h-mjn-ßvS-Wnse tamk-kn-
ep-≈ {^‚n-b¿ anUn¬
kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ]Xn-\m-
ep-Im-c-\mb _mcn eq°m
‰nkv c≠p hnZym¿YnI-
sfbpw Hcp Kpcp-\m-Y-s\bpw
shSn-h-®p-sIm-√p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
hmjn- ß v S - W nse tamk- k n- e p≈
{^‚n-b¿ anUn¬ kvIqfn¬ ]Tn-°p∂
]Xn-\m-ep-Im-c-\mb _mcn eq°m-‰nkv
c≠p hnZym¿YnI-sfbpw Hcp Kpcp-\m-Y-
s\bpw shSn-h-®p-sIm-√p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
Natural Born Killers F∂ ^nen-an¬
\n∂v Bthiw sIm≠mWv Xm≥ Cu
sIme \S- Ø n- b Xv F∂v Newyork
Times¬ h∂ Hcp teJ\w hy‡-am-°p-
∂p. kn\n- a - b nse IYm- ] m- { X- ß sf
t]mse sIme-]m-XI - hpw Iem]hpw \S-
Øp-∂Xv D{K-\m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Cu Ip´n
Xs‚ kplr-Øn-t\mSv ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-
bn(2).-
tPms\kv s_msdm-bn-ep≈ kvIqfn
se Xs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y-s\bpw kz¥w ¢m
kn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ a‰v \mep-t]-scbpw sIm
∂ an®¬ tPm¨k¨ ]d-™Xv as‰m-
∂m-Wv. KmwKvÃmdm]v F∂ dm]v ayqkn
°v Atß-b‰w CjvS-s∏-Sp∂ Cu Ip´n
10
°v {]tNm-Z\w e`n-®Xv t_m¨ XKvkv-
˛-F≥-˛-lm¿a-Wn-bpsS Crept and We
Came F∂ Iq´-s°m-e-Iƒ Nn{Xo-Icn-
°p∂ Km\-amWv F∂v hy‡-am-°p-I-
bp-≠m-bn (3).-
ankn-kn-∏n-bnse thfn¬ \S-Ønb
sIme-]m-X-I-Ønse {]Xn-bmb ]Xn-
t\gv hb- p-Im-c-\mb eq°v hpUvlmw
hb-e≥kv \nd™ sSen-hn-j≥ t{]m{Km-
ap-Iƒ \nc-¥c - a- mbn ImWp-Ib- pw, AØ
cw sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ k-μ¿in°p-I-bp-w-
sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw C°m-c-W-
Øm¬ Xs∂ sIme -\-S-∂-Xns‚ Aev
]w Znh-k-߃°v apºv c£n-Xm-°ƒ
tI_nƒ IW-£-\pw Iºyq-´¿ IW-£
\pw \n¿Ø-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw \yq
tbm¿°v ssSwkv Xs∂ hy‡-am°p
∂p(4).--
Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \S∂ Cu kocn-b¬
sIme-]m-X-I-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-
≠v Ah-bn-sem-∂n\v km£yw hln®
shÃv hpUm°v sl¬Øv sslkvIq-
fnse {]n≥kn-∏m-fmb _n¬t_m≠v ]d-
bp-∂Xv ""Hmtcm tIkn-epw, Bsc-bmWv
sIm√p-∂Xv F∂v Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤n-°p-I-
t]mepw sNøm-sX-bmWv sIm∂Xv'' F-
∂m-Wv.- (James P. Steyer, The other Par-
ent, Atriabooks, Newyork P.69).
C∏d™-sXms° Aß-Ise Ata-
cn-°-bnepw a‰p ]m›m-Xy-˛bp-tdm-]-y≥
\mSp-I-fnepw am{Xw Ac-tß-dp∂ {]Xn-
`m-k-amWv F∂v Icp-Xn-b-h¿°v sX‰p
]‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv 2005 Pq¨
e°w amXr-`qan Btcm-Ky-am-kn-Ibpw
2005 Pq¨ 15-˛30se- h\n-X-bp-sams°
hy‡-am°nØ-cp-∂-Xv. Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-sf
bpw a‰v AXn-{I-a-ß-sfbpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-
°p∂ kn\n-aI - fpw kocn-be
- p-Ifpw \Ωp
sS a°-sfbpw Atß-b‰w kzm[o-\n-°p-
∂p-sh∂pw B kzm[o\w PohnXØn¬
Ah¿ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p-sh∂p≈ bmYm¿Y-yw Ct∏m-sg-¶n
epw \ΩpsS Nne B\p-Im-en-Iß - ƒ a\-
 n-em-°n- b
- X
- n¬- kt¥m-jn-°m-w.- kn\na
-bpsS kzm[o\w F∂ D]-sl-Õ-n-tßm
sS "h\nX' ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWp-I:- ""tIc-
f-Øn¬ h≥ hm¿Ø-bm-b, _m¶v Ih¿
®-t°-knse {]Xn-bmb hnZym¿Y-n "_m¶v
tdm_dn' Fs∂mcp kn\na ]e XhW
ImWp-Ibpw Iq´p-Imsc ImWn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp-∂p. kn\n-a-bnse Ip‰-Ir-Xy-
߃ sNøp∂ \mb-I≥amsc A\p-I-cn-
 tIc-f-Øn¬ h≥hm¿Ø-bm-b, _m¶v Ih¿®-t°-knse {]Xn-bmb hnZym¿Y-n "_m¶v
tdm_dn' Fs∂mcp kn\na ]e XhW ImWp-Ibpw Iq´p-Imsc ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
∂p. kn\n-a-bnse Ip‰-Ir-Xy-߃ sNøp∂ \mb-I≥amsc A\p-I-cn-°pI am{X-a√;- sXfn-
hp-Iƒ \in-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ hnZy-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ kn\n-a-bnepw kocn-b-ep-I-fnepw-\n∂v ]Tn-
°p-∂p.-
°pI am{X-a√;- sXfn-hp-Iƒ \in-∏n-°p-
hm-\p≈ hnZy-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ kn\n-a-bn
epw kocn-be - nepw-\n∂v ]Tn°p∂p''(5).-
- p-If
Imcy- ß ƒ F{X- t Øm- f - s a- Ø n- b n-
´p≠v F∂v Cu Hcp Ipdn-∏n¬ \n∂pw
\ap°v a\- n-em-°mw. "h\nX' GsX-¶n
epw aX-cw-K-Øp≈ B\p-Im-en-I-a-√.
Fs¥-¶nepw Dul-Øn-s‚tbm \nK-a-\-
Øn-s‚tbm ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ Fgp-Xn-b-
X√ B teJ\w F∂v Hcp Bh¿Øn-
hmbn-®m¬ Xs∂ t_m≤y-am-hpw. tIc-
f-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ \S-°p∂
Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS IrXy-amb ]T-\-Øn-
s‚bpw k¿sh-bp-sSbpw Hcp cq]-tc-J-
bm-W-Xv.
C\n "amXr-`qan Btcm-Ky-am-knI'- ]d-
bp-∂Xv tIƒ-°mw-:- ""am[y-aß - ƒ krjvSn-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ambnI {]]-©-Øn
¬ BIr-jvS-cmbn Xo¿Øpw AXn\v
hnt[-b-ambn t]mIp∂ {]h-W-X-bmWv
Ip´n- I - f nepw Iuam- c - ° m- c nepw C∂v
ImWp-∂-Xv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰w {Kma-
ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw Gd-d-°p-d-®n-ep-
I-tfm-sS-sb-¶nepw henb tXmXn¬ kw`-
hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Zriy-am-
[y-a-ß-fp-sSbpw hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-
bp- s Sbpw A\- ¥ - a mb km[y- X - I ƒ
\ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ hcp-Øn-s°-m-≠n-
cn-°p∂ am‰-ßsf°-pdn®v \mw F{X-
am{Xw t_m[-hm-∑m-cmWv?''(6)-.-
tUm. B¿.- Pb-{]-Imiv tNmZn-°p-∂-
{]-kv-Xp-X- tNmZyw Hcp hnizmkn kaq
lw F∂ \nebv°v \mw \tΩmSv Xs∂
Bh¿Øn®v tNmZn-t°-≠p∂ tNmZy-am-
Wv. [m¿an-I-X-bp-sSbpw ss\Xn-I-X-bp-
sSbpw IrXy-amb ]Ÿm-hn-eqsS ASp
Ø Xe-ap-dsb hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ aX-
]-c-ambpw [m¿a-n-I-ambpw IS-s∏´ Hcp
Iq´-amWv \mw F∂n-cn-s°, Cu hnj-b-
sØ-°-p-dn®v \mw F{X-am{Xw t_m[-hm-
∑m-cmWv F∂v Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
A{X-am{Xw Kuc-hX-c-hpw `oXn-X-hp-am
Wv Cu Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w
2006Un-kw-_¿-
F∂v C∂v an° a\x-imkv{X hnZ-Kv[cpw
AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ bm
Ym¿Y-y-sa-¶nepw \mw a\- n-em-°msX
t]mbn-°q-Sm-.
{]ikv X Sn.- F . (Transactional
Analysis Bib-hn-\n-ab A]-{K-Ÿ\
imkv{Xw) {KŸ-amb ""Iam OK Your are
OK''bn¬ tXmakv F. lmcnkv Fw.-Un.
Fgp-Xn-bXv ImWp-I:-
""\ntXy\ aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw Sn.-hn.
ImWm≥ Ccn-°p-∂ -Ip´n- Ah≥ ImWp-
∂-sXms° tcJ-s∏-SpØn sh°p-∂p.
]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Hs° "]Tn-∏n-°s- ∏´' Pohn-
X-k¶ - ¬]am-bmWv Ah∂v- {]Xy-£s - ∏-
Sp-∂-Xv. Ip´n-Iƒ hb-e≥kn-s‚- cwKw
ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Rm≥ (tXm-akv
F. lmcnkv) hniz-kn-°p-∂p; Ah≥,-
hb- e ≥kv Ahs‚ ]nXr- ` m- h - Ø n¬
-CXmWv hkvXp-X-sb-¶n¬
\ΩpsS Zriy-am-[y-a-߃
kwt{]-jWw sNbvXp-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS
Ah-ÿsb¥mWv F∂v
Btem-Nn®v t\m°q.
11
sdt°m¿Uv sNbvXp-sh-°p-∂p. Nm\¬
Hm^m-°n-s°-m≠v c£n-Xmhv CØcw
ko\n-s\-Xnsc FXn¿∏v {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂n-
s√-¶n¬ Cu I¨¢q-j≥ Dd∏p- Xs∂.
C\n c£n-Xm-°ƒ AØcw cwK-ßfpw
]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw Bkz-Zn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
Ip´n-Iƒ°v Cc´ A\p-hmZw e`n-°p-∂p.
Ah\v- Fs¥-¶nepw {]iv\-߃- hcp-
tºmƒ A{I-am-k-‡-am-Im-\p≈ A\p-
hmZw CXn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p-∂p(7).-
CXmWv hkvXp-X-sb-¶n¬ \ΩpsS
Zriy-am-[y-aß - ƒ kwt{]-jWw sNbvXp-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS Ah-
ÿsb¥mWv F∂v Btem-Nn®v t\m
°q. hb-e≥kp-I-fpw _em¬kw-K-ß-
fpw sIm≈bpw sIme- b pw NXn- b pw
KqVmtem-N-\-bpw I≈-°-SØv cwK-ß-
fpw [m¿a-n-I-X-bpsS IÆm-Sn-bn-eqsS
t\m°n-bm¬- Ad∏v tXm∂n-°p-amdv Xcw-
Xm-W acw-Np‰n t{]a-ßfpw Hs°b-t√
kn\n-ab - n-eq-sSbpw kocn-be- p-If- n-eq-sS-bp-
sams° \ΩpsS kzoI-c-W-ap-dn-bn-te°v
{]h-ln®v sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v?- amXm-]n-Xm-
°fpw Ip´n-Ifpw Hs° Hcp-an-®n-cp-∂p-
sIm≠v Ch I≠v Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. CXns‚ {]Xym-Lm-X-ßfpw
]cn-Wn-X-^-e-ßfpw Zpxkzm-[o-\-ßfpw
\Ωƒ- Adn-bmsX t]mIp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
C\n-sb-¶nepw CØcw ]T-\ß - f - p-sSbpw
shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-sSbpw shfn-®-Øn
¬ AI-°-Æv Xpd-°m≥ Xb-m-dm-hp-I.
American Accademy of Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry F∂ kwL-S-\-
bpsS ]T-\-߃ Cu bmYm¿Y-y-Øn-
te°v IrXy-amb shfn®w \¬Ip-∂-Xm-
Wv. AACAP F∂ Npcp-°-t∏-cn¬ Adn-
b-s∏-Sp-∂, Ip´n-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Iuam-c-
°m-sc-°p- d - n®pw ]T\w \S-Øp∂ kwL-
Øns‚ Children & TV Violence F∂
teJ\w hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS IÆp-
Xp-d-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv:
""Unfortunaetly, much of today’s
television programming is violent. Hun-
dreds of studies of the effect of T.V.
Violence on children and teenagers
have found that children may:
a. become “immune” to the horror
of violence.
b. gradually accept the violence as
a way to solve problems.
c. Imitate the violence they observe
on the television and
d. identify with certain chare ctors,
victims and / or victimizers
""\n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ C∂sØ an°
sSen-hn-j≥ t{]m{Km-ap-Ifpw `oI-cX \nd-
™-Xm-Wv. Ip´n-I-fnepw Iuam-c-°m-
cnepw Sn.-hn. hb-e≥kv Df-hm-°p∂ kzm
[o-\sØ kw_-‘n®v \qdp-I-W-°n\v
]T-\-߃, Ah¿ Xmsg ImWp∂ coXn-
bn¬ Bbn-Øo-cp-sa∂v Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-
°p-∂p:-
F. hb-e≥kns‚ `oXn-tbmSpw `oI-
c-X-tbmSpw Ip´n-Iƒ {]Xn-I-c-W-ti-jn-
bn-√m-Ø-h-cmbnØ-ocp-∂p.
AXm-b-Xv, hb-e≥tkm AXns‚
`oI-c-Xtbm Ip´n-bpsS a\- ns\ H´pw
sR´n-°p-I-bn-√. AØcw hb-e≥kp-I-
sfms° \n-¿hn-Im-cX - t- b-msS Hcp km[m-
cW kw`-h-sa-∂-t]mse Ah≥ ho£n-
°p-∂p.
\ΩpsS ]gbIme PohnX-Øn-te-
s°m∂p ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ CXns‚ bmYm
¿Y-yw t_m[-y-am-hpw. Ip-´n-°m-e-Øv,-
acn® ho´n¬ sN∂v ar-Xt- Z-lw- I≠m¬,-
As√-¶n¬ ar-X-tZ-lw a-d-hp-sN-øm≥-
sIm≠p t]m-Ip-∂Xv hnZq-c-X-bn¬\n∂p-
I-≠m¬, B- ImgvN-bpsS lmtßm-h¿
F{X-\mƒ \Ωp-sS- AIØv \n¬°p-am-
bn-cp∂p F∂v B tem-Nn®p t\m°q.
A∂v \Ωƒ- I≠ B cwK-߃ a\- n-
te°v Ct∏mƒ IS-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ Xs∂
A∂p-≠mb `o-Xn-bpw- Hm-Sn-sb-Øpw.-
F∂m¬ ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bpsS Ah-ÿ-
sb-¥mWv? arX-tZlØn-s≥-d- Im-gv-N-b-
√,- AXn- { Iq- c hpw `oXn- P - \ - I - h p- a mb
sIme- ] m- X - I - ß fpw AXn- { I- a - ß fpw
Ah-cpsS a\- ns\- H´pw A-e-´p-I-tbm-
t]-Sn-∏n-°p-I-tbm- sN-øn-√.- Cu te-J-\-
Øn-s≥-d- XpS-°-Øn¬ ]d-™- X-c-Øn-
ep≈ {Iqc-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ kzbw
sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-te-°mWv \oßn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXv sIm≠p-Xs∂
2006Un-kw-_¿-
kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ßsf
IÆo-cn¬ Nm-en®v Ah-X-cn-
∏n-®m¬ ImgvN-°msc
In´p-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-
cp-≠v. F∂m¬ bmYm¿Y-y-
ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-
SmØ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m¿
Ip´n-I-fn¬
Nn¥m-I-p-g-∏-ap-≠m-°pw.
a\-x-km-£n-bn-√m-Ø, Zb, A\p-I-º,
Imcp-Wyw, Aen-hv,- B¿-{Z-X, kvt\lw,
]cvk-]c _lp-am-\w, amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-
Spw Kpcp-°-∑-tcmSpw a‰p apXn¿∂-h-tcm-
Sp-sam-s°-bp-ap≈ _lp-am\w F∂o
Aaq-ey-Kp-Wß - s
- fm-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp Xe-
ap-db
- mWv hf¿∂p h-cp-∂X - v.- a\-xkm-£n-
bpw, a\x-km-∂n-[y-hp-sams° \jvSs - ∏´
Cu Xe-apd Ah-\-h-\n-k-Øns‚ amf-
ß-fn-te°v Dƒhen-bp-I-bm-Wv. F√mw
b{¥-h¬I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºm
ƒ Ahs‚ lrZ-bhpw b{¥-Øn-te°v
]cn-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-
bm-Wv. Sn.-hn. hbe≥kns‚ Zpc-¥-^-e-
am-Wn-Xv. Imc-Ww, hf-sc-sN-dnb {]mb-
Øn¬,- AXm-bXv kXy-sa¥v Ak-Xy-
sa¥v F∂pw icn-tbXv sXt‰Xv F∂pw
Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ tijn-bn-√mØ {]mb-
Øn¬ Xs∂ \nc-h[n hb-e≥kp-Iƒ
Ip´n-Iƒ kv{Io\n-eqsS I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv. bph-X-e-ap-d-bpw apXn¿∂-
hcpsam-s° Cu kv{Io≥- hb-e≥kn\v
12
ASn- a - s ∏- S p- I tbm As√- ¶ n¬ AXv
ImWm≥ hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvX-h-
cm-Wv.
Ata-cn-°-bnse as‰mcp sskt°m-
f-Pn-°¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j-\mb Ameri-
can Psychological Associations‚
1989se ]T\ dnt∏m¿´v {]Im-cw, Ahn-S-
ß-fn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Bdmw Xc-Øn-se-Øp-
∂-Xn\p apºp Xs∂ F´m-bncw sIme
]m-X-I-߃ Ah¿- sSen-hn-j-\n-eqsS
(kn-\n-a, kocn-b¬, a‰p tjmIƒ) I≠p-
I-gn-™n-cn-°p-sa-∂m-Wv. 100000Øne[n
Iw a‰p hb-e≥kp-Ifpw Cu Ime-b-f-
hn¬ B Ip´n I≠p-I-gn-™n-´p-≠m-Ipw.
Cu hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ IqSp-X-
emb ]T-\-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv B
dmw Xc-Ønse Ip´n sslkvIqƒ Ign-
bp-tºm-tg°pw 22,000 aWn-°q¿ sSen-hn-
j\v apºn¬ sNe-hg - n-®n-´p-≠mIpw F∂-
Xm-Wv. 1950Ifn¬ sSen-hn-js‚ Bhn¿
`mhw apX¬ 1994 s‚ Ah-km\w hsc-
bmbn temIØv A{I-aß - f - psSbpw sIm
e-]m-X-I-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰p Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-
fp-sSbpw FÆw Cc-´n-bmbn h¿[-n-®n-´p-
≠v F∂mWv Center for Disease Con-
trol s‚ ]T-\-Øn¬ JAMA (Journal of
the American Medical Association)
dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX teJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp-
∂-Xv. aZy-am-^nb apX¬ ]eXpw C°m-
e-b-f-hn¬ A[n-I-cn-®-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´v
km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
C∏-d-™-sXms° Aßv Ata-cn-°-
bn¬ am{Xta \S-°q;- As√-¶n¬ Ahn-
S-ß-fn¬am{Xw \S-∂-Xt√ F∂ Nn¥
ho≠pw \nßsf ]nSn-Iq-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
\n߃°v ho≠pw sX‰p-]-‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p
sh∂v ]d-bmsX \n¿h-m-l-an-√. 1999
Unkw-_¿ 14 se "h\nX-'bn¬ h∂
dnt∏m¿´v CXn\v km£n-bm-Wv. "A{Ia
ko\p-Iƒ' F∂ D]-io¿j-I-Øn¬ ]d-
bp-∂p:-
""A{Ia ko\p-I-fpsS Imcyw {]tXy
Iw {i≤n-°-Ww. h¿j-Øn¬ Hcp Ip´n
icm-icn Bbncw sIme-]m-XI - ß - ƒ Im
Wp-∂p-s≠-∂mWv ]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-®-
Xv. a¿Z-\Ø - n\v Cc-bm-Ip-∂h - c - psS ]oU-
\hpw thZ-\bpw Ip™p-a-\- p-Iƒ°v
Xmßm-\m-hn-√. CsX√mw kzc-£sb°p
dn®v Ip´n-I-fn¬ kwibw D≠m-°pw.
Fs¥-¶nepw am\-knI sshI-ey-ap
≈ Ip´n-If - mWv A{Iakw`-hß - ƒ I≠v
 \n¿tZm-j-sa∂p Icp-Xp∂ Im¿´q-Wp-I-f-S-°-ap≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Ip´n-I-fn¬ A{I-a-{]-h-W-
Xbpw AXn-cp-I-S∂ B-i-¶-bpw `bhpw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn Ct∏mƒ \Ωp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-
߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.
Ffp-∏-Øn¬ {]tIm-]n-X-cm-Ip-∂-sX∂v
a\x-i-m-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m
¬ Znh-khpw \mev aWn-°q-dn-e-[nIw Sn.-
hn. ]cn-]m-Sn I - m-Wp∂ Ip´n-If - psS kz`m-
h-Øn¬ Nne am‰-߃ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. Ch¿ a‰v Ip´n-Isf A{I-an-°p-∂-
Xmbn sXfn-™n-´p-≠v.
tXm°pw ssk°nƒsNbn- \ p- a p- ] -
tbm-Kn®v FXn-cm-fn-Isf Iog-S°n apt∂-
dp∂ lotdmsb Ip´n-Iƒ a\- n¬ sh
®m-cm-[n-°p∂XmWv {]iv\-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ßsf IÆo-cn¬
Nm-en®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®m¬ ImgvN-°msc
In´p-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v. F∂m
¬ bmYm¿Y-y-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-
SmØ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m¿ Ip´n-I-fn¬
Nn¥m-Ip- g - ∏
- a
- p-≠m-°pw. kv{XoIsf A]-
am-\n-°p∂ cwK-ßfpw Ip´n-Isf hnI-e-
ambn kzm[o-\n-°pw''- ("h-\nX'--bnse
dnt∏m¿´v: sI.-F≥. Pm\-In, eIvNd-¿,
¢n\n-°¬ sskt°m-f-Pn, saUn-°¬
tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h\ - ¥
- ]
- p-cw, ]n-.H
- .-tPm¿Pv,-
vU
- b-dI - vS¿,- sk‚¿ t^m¿ sl¬Øv sI
b¿ dntk¿®v B‚ v FUyp-t°-j≥, cm
P-Kncn tImtfPv Hm^v tkmjy¬ kb
≥kv, If-a-t»-cn).
""s]mXp-sh, GXv hnj-b߃ ]Tn∏n-
°p-tºmgpw bmsXmcp {]Xn-I-c-Whpw-
tNmZyhpw- C√msX im¥-cmbn ¢m v
{ihn-°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ, Hcp Znhkw ""kz
bw {]Xn-tcm[w'' F∂ hnj-b-sØ-°p-
dn®v ¢m v FSpØv sIm≠n-cns° hf-
sc-b-[nIw Bth-i-tØmsSb-pw hnIm
c{] I-S-\-tØm-sSbpw ]e tNmZy-ßfpw
CΔn-j-b-I-ambn tNmZn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn''.-
bp.-F.-C.-bnse Hcp ae-bmfn aZv-d-k
A[-ym-]-I≥ Xs‚ Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂p-
≠mb Cu A\p-`hw Ft∂mSv hnh-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv.- At±lw XpS¿∂p:- ""Fs¥-
¶nepw i_vZ-߃ s]s´∂v tIƒ°p-
tºm-gpw hmXn¬ s]s´∂v AS-°p- I - tbm
Xpd-°p-Itbm sNøp-tºm-gp-sa-m-s° G
tXm i{Xp-°ƒ \sΩ A{I-an-°p-hm≥
h∂-XmWv F∂ tXm∂¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°v
Ft∏mgpw D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh∂v Ah¿ ]d-
2006Un-kw-_¿-
™p''.-
Sn.-hn.hb-e≥kn\p ]pdsa hoUn
tbm sKbn-ap-Ifpw a‰psams° CXn\v
tlXp-hm-Ip-∂p. Btcm-Ky-am-kn-I-bnse
Hcp dnt∏m¿´v Iq-Sn- D≤-cn-°s´.- "kz`mhw
cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv am[y-a-߃'- F∂ D]-
io¿j-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWp-I:-
""Sn.-hn. ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Ip´n-I-fpsS
kz`mh cq]o-I-c-WsØ tZmj-I-c-ambn
_m[n-°p-∂X - mbn Cw•-≠nse F¬.sI.-
Pn, bp.-sI.-Pn. Ip´n-I-fn¬ \S-Ønb ]T-
\-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. \n¿tZm-j-sa∂p
Icp-Xp∂ Im¿´q-Wp-If - S- °
- a
- p≈ ]cn-]m-
Sn-Iƒ Ip´n-I-fn¬ A{I-a-{]-h-W-Xbpw
AXn-cp-I-S∂ B-i-¶-bpw `bhpw P\n-
∏n- ° p- ∂ - X mbn Ct∏mƒ \Ωp- s Sbpw
A\p-`-h-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. G‰hpw
{]Nm-c-ap≈ Hcp Nm\-ense t{]Xkocn-
b¬ kwt{]-j-W ka-bØv ÿnc-ambn
tXm°pw ssk°nƒ
sNbn\p-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v FXn-
cm-fn-Isf Iog-S°n
apt∂dp∂ lotdmsb
Ip´nIƒ a\- n¬sh®m-cm-
[n-°p∂XmWv {]iv\-
amIp∂-Xv.
13
hoSn\v ap∂nse sNdnb amhn≥ap-I-fn¬
A`bw {]m]n-®n-cp∂ Ggp-h-b- p-Im-c-
\mb Hcp Ip´nsb Hcn-°¬ amXm-]n-Xm-
°ƒ sIm≠p-h∂p. H‰°p \S-Ønb
A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ Ip´n ]d-™Xv ""F√m-
hcpw At∏mƒ Sn.-hn°p ap∂n-emWv.
t]Sn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Rms\¥p sNøpw?
c£-s∏-Sm-\m-bn-´mWv Rm≥ amhn¬ Ib-
dn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv F-∂m-Wv-''.-
Fß-s\-bp≠v Ip´n-bpsS A\p-`hw?
C∂sØ ]pØ≥ {]h-WX - I- f- mb slm
d¿/ssZhnI kocn-be - p-If
- psS kzm[o\w
{]tXyI ]cm-a¿i-a¿ln-°p-∂p. t{]X-
ß-fp-sSbpw ssZh-ß-fp-sSbpw apØ-»n-
°-Y-Iƒ G‰hpw \qX-\-amb kmt¶-
XnI hnZy-bn-eqsS Zriy-h¬I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-
tºmƒ Ah F{X-tØmfw sNdnb Ip´n-
Is-f kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw `b-NI - n-Xc
- m-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂psh∂v \ma-dn-bp-∂n√!
Ch-sbms° tIhew IY-Iƒ am{X-
am-sW∂v Ahsc a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-
°p-∂-Xn\v ]e-t∏mgpw amXm-]n-Xm-°
ƒ°v Ign-bp-∂n-√. Sn.-hnbnse Ah-Xm-c-
I-cp-sSbpw a‰pw tNjvS-Iƒ AtX-t]m
se A\p-I-cn-°p∂ coXn C∂v Ip´n-I-
fnepw Iuam-c-°m-cnepw IqSp-X-embn
I≠p-h-cp-∂p-≠v....''(8).--
slmd¿ kn\n-aI - f
- pw kocn-be - p-Ifpw
Ip´n-Isf F{X-tØmfw kzm[o-\n°pw
F∂ Imcyw ]d-bp-tºmƒ, sakm-®p-sk-
‰vknse {Ko≥^o¬Un¬ \S∂ Hcp
sIme- ] m- X - I - s Ø- ° p- d n®v ]d- b msX
hø. ]Xn-s\-´p-Im-cn-bmb Hcp Iuam-c-
°m-cnsb ]sØm-º-Xp-Im-c≥ IpØn-
s°- m - ∂ p. ]sØm- º - X - p - I m- c s‚ apdn
]n∂oSv ]cn-tim-[n-®-t∏mƒ I≠Xv \qdp-
I-W° - n\v slmd¿ ^nen-ap-If - m-Wv. ""Fri-
day the 13th-''- F∂ kn\n-a-bnse Iuam-
c-°m-c-\mb sIme-]m-XIn "sPbvk¨'-
[cn-®n-cp∂ AtX apJ-w-aq-Snbpw ]sØm-
º-Xp-Im-cs‚ apdn-bn¬\n∂pw e`n-°p-I-
bp-≠m-bn(9)-.-
""Nightmare on Elm Street'' F∂
kn\n-a-bnse sIme-]m-X-In-bpsS AtX
coXn-bn-emWv temkv B©-¬k - n¬ Hcm
ƒ Ih¿®bpw sIme-]m-X-Ihpw \S-Øn-
b-Xv(10).-
hnj-bs - Ø-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-
t¥mdpw hy‡- a m- I p∂ hkv X p- X - b n-
XmWv:- GXv cmPy-Øp≈,- GXv tImWn-
ep-≈-h-cm-sW-¶nepw Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fn
se hb-e‚ v ko\p-Iƒ Ip´n-Isf hfsc
tami-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw Ahsc
XnI™ \nIr-jvSX - I
- fpw \oN-Ir-Xy-ß
fpw sImSnb A{I-a-ßfpw sNøp-amdv Zp-
jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
b. F.-F.kn.-F.-]n.-bpsS ]T-\Ø - ns‚
c≠m-asØ hkvXpX shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xv,
Ip´n-Iƒ \nc-¥-c-ambn CØcw hb-e≥
kp-Iƒ I≠pIgn-™m¬ Ah¿ bYm
¿Y- Pohn-X-Ønse hyXykvX {]iv\-ß-
fpsS ]cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn Cu hb-e‚ v
am¿K-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-sa-∂p-≈X - m-Wv.
Imcy-ßfpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw ^n¬´¿ sN
øm≥ Ign-hn-√mØ {]mb-Øn¬ ImWp
∂ CØcw cwK-߃ Ah¿ AtX-]Sn
sd°m¿Uv sNbvXpsh°p-∂p. Xs∂
_m[n-°p∂ {]iv\ß - ƒ hcp-tºmƒ hb-
e≥kp-Iƒ ]pdØv hcnIbpw sNøp-∂p.
sPbnw kn.-]n. sÃb¿ At±-l-Øn
s‚ {KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWp-I:-
""aoUn-bI - ƒ ]d-bp-∂I - Y
- I- ƒ Nne Ip´n-
Iƒ AtX-]Sn hniz-kn-°p-∂p. skIvkp-
ambn _‘-s∏´ bYm¿Y- hn⁄m-\-
sØ-°-p-dn®v t\m°n°-mWp-∂-Xp-t]m-
se, Pohn-XØ - n¬ {]Xn-k‘ - n-Ifpw am\-
knI kwL¿j-ß-fp-sams° D≠m-Ip-
tºmƒ Cu hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Np‰p-]m-Sp≈
temI-hp-ambn Fßs\ kwh-Zn-°-W-sa-
∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]mT-߃ ]Tn-°p-
∂Xv CØcw am[y-a-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
•ma¿,- {]ikvXn XpS-ßn-bh - bv° - v ]pdsa
Pohn-XØ - nse hb-e‚ vko\p-ambn {]Xn-
I-cn-°p-∂Xpw am[y-a-ßsf t\m°n-°-
≠p-sIm≠mWv-''(11).-
]m›m-Xy-tem-IsØ Ip´n-Iƒ am{X-
a√ \ΩpsS Ip´n-Ifpw Pohn-X-Ønse
hnhn[ cwK-ßsf Sn.-hn-bn¬ \n∂v A\p-
I-cn-°p-I-bmWv F∂v ]T-\-߃ hy‡-
am-°p-∂p. Btcm-Ky-am-knI ho≠pw
ImWp-I:-
""Sn.-hn-bnse Ah-Xm-cI - c - p-sSbpw a‰pw
tNjvS-Iƒ AtX-t]mse A\p-I-cn-°p
∂ coXn C∂v Ip´n-I-fnepw Iuam-c-°m-
cnepw IqSp-X-embn I≠p-h-cp-∂p-≠v.
Ah-Xm-c-I≥ A©v hb- p-Im-c-\m-Ip-
2006Un-kw-_¿-
AØcw kml-N-cy-߃
Hcp°ns°mSp-°p∂
B`mk kn\n-a-I-fn¬
\n∂pw kocn-b-ep-I-
fn¬\n∂pw \mw \ΩpsS
Ip´n-Isf c£n-°pI
F∂X-m-Wn-hnsS Ic-Wo-b-
am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
tºmƒ kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbpw A©p hb- p-
Im-c-\mb Ip´n-bp-samØv amXm-]n-Xm-
°ƒ Sn.-hn°p ap∂n-seØpw.- Ah-Xm-
cnI Iuam-c-°m-cn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Iuam-c-
°m-cmhpw ap∂n-se-Øp-∂-Xv. AXns‚
G‰hpw ]pXnb km[y-X-bmWv am[y-a-
߃ Ct∏mƒ ]b-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂
Iuam-c-°m-c\pw Iuam-c-°m-cnbpw Dƒ
s∏-Sp∂ Soans‚ Ah-X-c-W-coXn shfn-
hm-°p-∂-Xv. F√m-‰n-s\bpw A\p-I-cn-
°m\pw Adn-bm-\p-ap≈ Iuam-c°- m-cpsS
BImw-£b - mWv ChnsS apJy-ambn hcp-
XpS¿®-bmbn {]Z¿in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw in£n-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb
hb-e≥kp-Iƒ Ip´n-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A\p-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-X-bp-
≈-Xm-Wv. sshIm-cn-Ihpw kz`m-h-]-c-hpw ]T-\-]-c-hp-amb XI-cm-dp-Iƒ D≈ Ip´n-
I-fm-sW-¶n¬ sSen-hn-j≥ hb-e≥kv AØ-c-°msc s]s´∂v kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.
14
∂-Xv''(12).-
c. aq∂m-a-Xmbn,- CØcw hb-e≥kp-
Iƒ \nc-¥-c-ambn ImWp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ Sn.-
hnbn¬ ImWp∂ hb-e‚ v cwK-߃
AtX-]Sn A\p-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂X-m-Wv.
CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \nc-h[n tIkp-
Iƒ teI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬
\n∂pw dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Cu
te- J - \ - Ø ns‚ XpS- ° - Ø n¬ I≠Xv
Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ am{Xw.
C¥y-bnse "kq∏¿am≥' IYm-]m-
{XsØ A\p-Ic - n®v [mcmfw Ip´n-Iƒ ac-
W-Øn-te°v B]-Xn® hnhn[ dnt∏m¿´p-
Iƒ ]{X-Øm-fp-I-fn-eqsS \mw I≠-Xm-
Wv.
hfsc ZpxJm-Ip-e\ - m-bmWv B ]nXm
hv apdn-bn-te°v IS-∂X - v. Xs‚ ]Xn-aq∂v
hb- mb aI-s\bpw Iq´n tUm. sI. F.
Ipam-dns\ ImWm≥ h∂-Xm-Wv. HcmgvN-
bmbn B aI≥ Nq-Sn-°j - vWh- p-ambn \S-
°p-∂p. CS-bv°nsS Fs¥m-s°tbm
]ndp-]n-dp°pw.- I-b-dn-s≥-d- A-‰-Øv- H-cp-
Ip-cp-°p-≠v.- A-Xv- h-en-®p- ap-dp-°p-I-bpw-
A-b-°p-I-bpw- sN-øpw.- Ft∏mgpw ssI
øn¬ sIm≠p-\-S-°p∂ Cu Ib¿ Hcp
Znhkw Xs‚ ktlm-Z-cs‚ Igp-Øn-en-
Sm≥ {ian-®p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ a-\x-im
kv{X hnZKv[-s\ ImWm≥ h∂-XmWv
B ]nXm-hv.
""CsXmcp ss^≥ hnZy-bmWv tUmIv
S¿.- Bsc-¶nepw Ft∂mSv ]nW-ßn-bm¬
Ahs‚ Igp-Øn¬ Cu Ipcp-°n-Spw...'''--
C{Xbpw hni-Zo-I-cn® tijw B Ip´n
_m°n `mKw A`n-\-bn®p ImWn-®p-sIm-
Sp-Øp. IgpØv sRcp°n \m°v X≈n
i{Xp acn®p hogp ∂ cwKw hfsc X∑-
b-Xz-tØm-sS-bmWv Ah≥ A`n-\-bn-®-
Xv.
""tUmIvS¿ "temdn'- kn\na I≠n-´n
t√?'' Ip´n tUmIvSt- dmSv tNmZn-®p. ""the
≥ Hutk∏v tN´s\ Ib-dn´v temdn HmSn-
°p-∂Xv I≠-t∏m-gmWv Cu ss^≥
hnZy ]nSn-In-´n-b-Xv. C\n ho´n-em-bmepw
kvIqfn-em-bmepw Cu Ip™n-tam-t\mSv
 Ah-Xm-c-I≥ A©v hb- p-Im-c-\m-Ip-tºmƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw A©p hb- p-Im-c-\mb
Ip´n-bp-samØv amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Sn.-hn°p ap∂n-seØpw.- Ah-Xm-cnI Iuam-c-°m-cn-bm-Ip-
tºmƒ Iuam-c-°m-cmhpw ap∂n-se-Øp-∂-Xv. AXns‚ G‰hpw ]pXnb km[y-X-bmWv am[y-
a-߃ Ct∏mƒ ]b-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Iuam-c-°m-c\pw Iuam-c-°m-cnbpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂
Soans‚ Ah-X-c-W-coXn shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xv.

Ifn-°p-∂-h-sc√mw kv¿¿¿.....''
CXv Ftßm Fhn- s Stbm \S∂
Ip™ns‚ Imcy-at- √. Fs‚ Ip™n-s‚-
X-√t√m F∂ \n mc `mh-amWv \Ω-
ƒ ]pe¿Øp-∂s - X-¶n¬ Hcp \nanjw B
temNn°pI. Cu {]iv\w Xs‚ Ip´n-
bn¬- D≠mIp∂-Xn\p apºv B ]nXmhpw
Cßs\ Xs‚ Ip´n°v kw`-hn-°p-sa∂v
Btem- N n®v ImWn- √ . ]t£,- Xs‚
aI≥ I≠ kn\n-a-bmWv AØ-c-Øn-ep
≈ Hcp Ah-ÿb - n-te°v B Ip™ns\
sIms≠-Øn-®-Xv. AØcw kml-N-cy-
߃ Hcp°ns°mSp-°p∂ B`mk kn
\n-a-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kocn-b-ep-I-fn¬ \n
∂pw \mw \ΩpsS Ip´n-Isf c£n-°pI
F∂X-m-Wn-hnsS Ic-Wo-b-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
Money Train F∂ kn\n-a-bnse
hb-e≥kv AtX coXn-bn¬ Bh¿Øn-
®XmWv 1995 \hw-_-dn¬ \S∂ tSmƒ
_qØv IØn®v \in-∏n® A{Iaw F∂v
\yqtbm¿°v kn‰n A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Is≠-
Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
1994¬ \mYm≥ am¿´n-k≥ Xs‚ sÃ
∏v aX-sd-bpw ktlm-Z-cn-sbbpw sIm∂
Xv ""Natural Born Killers'' F∂ kn\n-a-
bpsS {]tNm-Z\w Imc-W-am-Wv. Cu kn
\n-a-bnse {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-amb an°-
t\m-Ivkns‚ AtX-t]mse Xe-ap-fi\w
sNøp-I-bpw k¨•mkv sh°p-Ibpw
sNbvX am¿´n-k≥- sIme-]m-X-I-Øn\v
tijw Xs‚ kplp-Øn-t\mSv C{]-Imcw
]d-™p. ""kn\n-a-b-√msX as‰m-∂p-a√
CXv (sIm-e-]m-X-Iw)''.-
F.-F.-kn.-F.-]n.-bpsS ]T\w Xs∂
ho≠pw ImWp-I:-
“Extensive viewing of television
violence by children causes greater ag-
gressiveness. Sometimes watching a
single violent program can increase
aggressiveness. Children who view
shows in which violence is very realis-
tic, frequently repeated or unpunished,
are more likely to imitate what they see
Children with emotioral, behavioural,
learning or impulse control problems
may be more easily influenced by T.V.
violence. The impact of T.V. violence
may be immidiately evident in the
child’s behaviour or may surface years
later, and young people can be affected
when the family atomosphere shows on
tendency toward violence''.--
""sSen-hn-j≥ hb-e≥kv ImWp-∂Xv
Ip´n-Iƒ Aan-X-amb A{I-aW {]h-W-
X-bp≈hcm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-
Ip-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ Hscm‰ hb-e≥kv
hb-e≥kp-Iƒ \nd™
tjmIƒ ImWm≥ Ip´n-Isf
A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I,
AØcw Imcy-߃ hcp-
tºmƒ Nm\¬ am‰p-Itbm
Sn.-hn. Hm^m-°p-Itbm
sNøp-I. H∏w AØcw
t{]m{Km-ap-I-fnse XI-cm-dp-
Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v
Ip´n-Iƒ°v hnh-cn®v sImSp-
°p-I.
t{]m{Kmw ImWp-∂Xp Xs∂ A{I-a-W-
{]-h-WX Ip´n-I-fn¬ h¿[-n-∏n-°p-∂p.
XpS¿®-bmbn {]Z¿in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw
in£n-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb hb-
e≥kp-Iƒ Ip´n-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-
tØmfw A\p-Ic - n-°s
- ∏-Sm≥ km[y-Xb - p-
≈-Xm-Wv. sshIm-cn-Ihpw kz`m-h] - c - h
- pw
]T-\-]-c-hp-amb XI-cm-dp-Iƒ D≈ Ip´n-
I-fm-sW-¶n¬ sSen-hn-j≥ hb-e≥kv
AØ-c-°msc s]s´∂v kzm[o-\n-°p-
∂p. Sn.- h n. hb- e ≥kns‚ ^e- ß ƒ
s]s´∂v Xs∂ Ip´n-I-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-
Sp-∂p, As√-¶n¬ ]n∂oSv ImWn-°p-∂p.
hb-e≥kn-s\-Xn-cn¬ bmsXmcp {]Xn-I-
c-Whpw ImWn-°p∂ A¥-co-£-a√
IpSpw-_Ø - n-ep-≈Xv F¶n¬ bphm-°fpw
CXv _m[n-®-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p''-.
d. kv{Io\n-eqsS ImWp∂ IYm-
]{XßfpsS tNjvS-Ifpw kz`m-h-ßfpw
AtX-]Sn Ip´n-Iƒ A\p-I-cn-°p-∂p-sh-
∂-XmWv F.-F.-kn.-F.-]n. ]d-bp∂ as‰m
cp hkvXp-X. sSen-hn-j-\nse Ah-Xm-c-
Isc A\p-I-cn®v hkv{Xw [cn-°p-I,
\mb-I-∑msc A\p-I-cn®v apSn-sh-´p-I,
Ahsc BwKy-co-Xn-Ifpw kwkmc ssi
en-bpw- A\ph¿Øn-°pI XpSßn Pohn-
X- Ø ns‚ hyXykv X taJ- e - I - f n¬
AØcw \mb-I-∑m-scbpw \mbn-I-am-
scbpw a\- n¬ Bcm-[n®p-sIm≠v \S-
°p∂ Ah-ÿ- kw-PmXamIp-∂p. \Ωp
sS Np‰pw Pohn-°p∂ Ip´n-I-fnepw C
sXm-s°- C∂v I≠p-h-cp-∂p-sh∂ Im
cyw Bscbpw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠p∂
Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-hn[w {]I-S-am-bn-Øp-S-
ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-
Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ c£n-Xm-°ƒ°v
Fs¥ms° sNøm≥ km[n°pw F∂-
Xns\ Ipdn-®mWv XpS¿∂v F.-F.-kn.-F.-
]n.-bpsS ]T\w hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p-∂X.-v Ah
Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂p t\m°mw.
1. Ip´n-Iƒ ImWp∂ t{]mKm-ap-Iƒ
Fs¥m-s°-sb∂p c£n-Xm-°ƒ {i≤n-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 15
°p-I. NneXv Ah-cp-sS-IqsS ImWp-I.
2. sSen-hn-j≥ ImWp-∂-Xn-\mbn
Ah¿ sNe-hg - n-°p∂ ka-bØ - n\v AXn
¿h-c-ºp-Iƒ sh°p-I. Ip´n-bpsS InS-∏p-
ap-dn-bn¬ \n∂pw Sn.-hn. am‰p-I.
3. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ A`n-t\-Xmhv apdn-
th¬°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sIm√-s∏-Sp-Itbm
sNbvXn-´n-s√-¶nepw (kn-\n-ab - nepw a‰pw)
AØ-cØ - n-ep≈ hb-e≥kp-Iƒ bYm¿
Y- Pohn-X-Øn¬ ac-W-Øntem amc-I-
amb apdn-hntem thZ-\-bntem Iemin
°pw F∂p hy‡-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I.
4. hb-e≥kp-Iƒ \nd™ tjmIƒ
ImWm≥ Ip´n-Isf A\p-hZ- n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
I, AØcw Imcy-߃ hcp-tºmƒ Nm\
¬ am‰p-Itbm Sn.-hn. Hm^m-°p-Itbm sN
øp-I. H∏w AØcw t{]m{Km-ap-I-fnse
XI-cm-dp-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v Ip´n
Iƒ°v hnh-cn®v sImSp-°p-I.
5. hb-e≥kp≈ F∏n-tkm-Up-Iƒ
Ip´n-If - psS apºn¬ sh®v- AwKoI-cn-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw, AØcw kz`m-h-ß-sfm
∂pw Xs∂ (kv{Io-\n¬ \mb-It\m
at‰m D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hb-e‚mb {]iv\-
]-cn-lmc am¿K-߃) bYm¿Y- Pohn-X-
Øn¬ {]iv\]cn-lm-cß - ƒ°p≈ am¿K-
ß-f√ F∂ hnizmkw Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-I.
6. Iq´p-Im¿, IqsS ]Tn-°p-∂h - ¿- apX-
em-b-h-cpsS kΩ¿Z-Øn\v hg-ßm-Xn-cn-
°m≥ a‰p c£n-Xm-°sf kao-]n-°p-I-
bpw, Ip´n-Iƒ ImWp∂ t{]m{Km-ap-I-fp
sS ka-b-Øn\v (ap-I-fn¬ ]d™ coXn-
bn-ep-≈) {Iao-I-cWw \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp-
∂-Xn\v {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.
F.-F.-kn.-F.-]nsb t]-me - p≈ kwL-
S-\-Iƒ IrXyhpw I¿i-\-hp-ambn Imcy-
߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp hnizm
kn kaq-ls - a∂ \nebv° - v Xo¿®-bmbpw
\mw CXn\v IqSp-X¬ {i≤sImSp-t°-≠n-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ip´n-I-fpsS a\- n-s\bpw
lrZ-bsØbpw arKo-b-hXvIcn-°p∂
CØcw ko\p-Iƒ \nd™ kn\n-aI - fpw
kocn-be - p-Ifpw Xo¿Øpw am‰n \n¿ØpI
F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv [m¿a-n-I-Xsb Db
¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°m≥ as‰-√m-hs - c-°mfpw _m
[y-X-bp≈ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v sNøm-\p-
≈Xv F∂-Xn¬ kwi-ba - n-√. Ip´n-If- psS
am\-knI hnI-k\ hnZKv[\ - mb Sn. s_
dn-{_m-sk¬´¨ Fw.-Un. Ip´n-I-fpsS
lrZ-b-Øn-t\mSpw a\- n-t\mSpw a’-cn-
2006Un-kw-_¿-
Ata-cn-°-bnse tacn-em‚ v
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse ]T\
{]Im-cw, Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS
a[y-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Xß-
fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-ambn
sNe-h-gn® ka-b-Øns‚
40 iX-am\w Ipd-hmWv
Ct∏mƒ F∂m-Wv.
°p∂ G‰-hpw- h-enb a’-cm¿Y-n-bmWv
aoUnb F∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-tºmƒ
\ap°v C\nbpw Dd°w \Sn-°p-hm≥
km[y-a√.-
Ata-cn-°b- nse tacn-em‚ v bqWn-th-
gvkn-‰n-bnse ]T\ {]Im-cw, Adp-]-Xp-I-
fpsS a[y-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS
amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-ambn sNe-h-gn® ka-b-
Øns‚ 40 iX-am\w Ipd-hmWv Ct∏mƒ
F∂m-Wv. AtX Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Cu
ka-b-sØ-°mƒ F{Xtbm Cc-´n-bn-e-
[nIw kabw Ip´n-Iƒ Sn.-hn-bp-sSbpw
a‰pw apºn¬ sNe-h-gn-°p-∂p.
Cu Ahÿ Xs∂-bmWv \ΩpsS
Ip´n-I-fpsS CS-bnepw C∂v kwPm-X-am-
bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ip´n-Iƒ Ip´n-I-
fp-sS-Xmb temIØv am[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS
]eXpw I≠p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p- I - b m- W v .
Ah¿°v Bh-iy-ap-≈-sX√mw hmßn-
s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ A`n-am-\-Øn-
16
emWv ]e c£n-Xm-°f - pw. Fs‚ Ip´n°v
H∂n\pw Hcp Ipdhv hc-cp-Xt√m F∂
Nn¥ an°-h-scbpw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-I
bmWv. Cu Nn¥bv-°v ASn-s]´v c£n-
Xm-°ƒ kIe Nm\-ep-Is - fbpw hoSns‚
AI-tØ°v IpSn-bn-cp-Øp-I-bm-Wv. ]n
∂oSv B Ip´n sX‰n-s‚bpw Acp-Xm-bva-
I- f p- s Sbpw Xpcp- Ø p- I - f n- e p- s S- b mWv
k©-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Adn-bm≥ c£n-
Xm-°-ƒ- hfsc sshIp-∂p. A]-I-S-ß
sf ap≥Iq´n ImWm≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp-
∂-XmWv Chn-SpsØ henb A]-I-Sw.
Cu A]-IS- ß - sf ap≥Iq´n ImWm-\p≈
Adnhpw ]Iz-Xbpw B¿P-hhpw \mw
t\Sn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. sPbnwkv ]n.
sÃb- d ns‚ hm°p- I ƒ {i≤n- ° pI:-
""Ip´n-If - psS Pohn-XØ- n¬ hf-sc-b[ - nIw
Zpxkzm-[o\w sNøp∂ AXn-i-‡-amb
aoUn-b-bn-te°v \mw Xosc {i≤ sImSp-
Øn-√s - b-∂Xv hfsc hnNn-{X-am-Wv. Ip´n-
Isf°-pdn®pw Ah-cpsS ]cn-N-c-W-sØ-
°p-dn®pw \Ωn¬ A[n-I-t]cpw \nc-h[n
]pkvX-I-߃ hmbn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. A]-
cn-Nn-Xt- cmSv kwkm-cn-°c - p-Xv F∂pw \K-
c-Øn¬ shdpsX Ae-™p-Xn-cn™v \S-
°-cpXv F∂pw \ΩpsS Ip´n-Isf ]Tn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \mw {i≤ -Im-Wn-°p-∂p.
\ΩpsS Ip´n-Iƒ FhnsS t]mIp-∂p,-
Bcp-sS-IqsS t]mIp-∂p-F-∂-Xn-s\-°p-
dn-®pw-;-- am[y-a-ß-fpsS Cu temIØv
Ah¿- F¥v ImWp-∂p,- F¥v tIƒ°p-
∂p,- Fs¥ms° Ifn-°p-∂p,- F¥v AXn
¬ \n∂pw ]Tn-°p∂p F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-
®p-sam∂pw \ap°v bmsXmcp {i≤-bp-an-
√. \n›-b-hp-an√!
\n߃ Nn¥n-°p-I, as‰mcp apXn¿∂
Bƒ \nß-fpsS Ip´n-bp-ambn Hcp Znh
kw At©m Btdm aWn-°q¿ sNe-hn-
Sp∂p F∂v Icp-Xp-I, Imtam-±o-]-I-amb
Imcy-߃, hb-e≥kv, sImta¿jy-em-
bn-´p≈ a‰p aqey-߃ F∂nh \nß-
fpsS Ip´nIfn-te°v ]I¿Øp-∂p. F¶n
¬, Xo¿®-bmbpw AØcw hy‡n-Isf
\nß-fpsS Ip´n-If - p-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn¬
\n∂pw XS-bpw. AtX-k-a-bw, \Ωn-e-[n-
I-t]cpw apI-fn¬ ]d™ hrØn-tI-Sn
s‚Xmb s]cp-am-‰-߃ \nc-¥-c-ambn
hnf-ºn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ aoUn-b-Iƒ Im
Wm≥ \mw \ΩpsS Ip´n-Isf A\p-h-Zn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p'' (13).---
Ct±-l-Øns‚ ap∂-dn-bn-∏ns‚ IqsS
Ata-cn-°≥ A°m-Uan Hm^v ]oUn-bm-
{SnIvkns‚ ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Iq-Sn Iq´n hmbn-
°p-I:- ""c≠p-h-b- n\v Xmsg {]mb-ap≈
Ip´n-Iƒ Sn.-hn. Xosc ImW-cpXv''- F∂m
Wv Ah¿ I¿i-\a - mbn \n¿tZ-in-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv(14).-
hnjbw IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-
em-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXv Dƒs°m≠v Pohn-
X-Øn¬ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-
≠n, Ata-cn-°b - nse Xs∂ a‰p Nne ]T-
\-߃ IqSn hy‡-am-°-s´.
]T\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-am-
Wv:-
"Does entertainment influence
society’s attitude towards violent
behaviour?..... Violence in entertain-
ment reaches the public by way of tele-
vision, movies, plays and novels.
Through the course of this essay it will
be proven that violence in entertainment
is a major factor in the escalation of
violence in society...."
F‚¿ssS≥sa‚ v kaq- l - Ø ns‚
hb-e‚ v- _nlm-hn-b-dns\ kzm[o-\n-°p-
∂pt≠m F∂ tNmZy-tØmsS Bcw-`n-
°p∂ te-J-\w- ]d-bp-∂Xv ""-sSen-hn-j-
\n-eq-sSbpw kn\n-a-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw,- \mS-I-
߃, t\mh¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-eq-sSbpw
hb-e≥kv P\-ß-fn-se-Øp-∂p. kaq-l-
Øn¬ hb-e≥kv Xzcn-XK - X
- n-bn¬ h¿[n-
-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v F‚¿ssS≥sa‚n-ep≈
hb-e≥kv Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p-''-sh∂m-Wv.--
Attorney General’s Task Force of
Family Violence, The American Medi-
cal Association, The National Institute
of Mental Health, The American
Phychological Association. The Ameri-
can Accademy of Pediatries F∂o
kwL-S\ - I
- ƒ
- °
- v ]pdsa a‰t\-Iw- saUn-
°¬ hn`m-Kß-fpw- kv{Io\n¬ ImWn-
°p∂ hb-e≥kv \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw
A]-I-S-I-c-amWv F∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
{]tXy-In®v Ip´n-If- psS am\-knI Btcm-
Ky-Øn\v AXv hfsc A]-I-S-I-c-am-Wv.-
hb-e‚ v t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ ImWp∂
Ip´n-I-fpsS Ifn-Iƒ ]e-t∏mgpw A{I-
am-k-‡-am-Wv. 106 sIme-]m-X-I-߃
ImWn-°p∂ Rambo 111 F∂ ^nen-an-
s\bpw FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßm-Ø{X sIme-
Ifpw ]pdsa \yq¢n-b¿ tlmtfmtImÃpw
2006Un-kw-_¿-
D≈ sS¿an-t\-‰¿ II F∂ ^nen-an-s\bpw
Cu ]T\w {]tXyIw FSpØp ImWn-
°p-∂p-≠v.
tÃPn¬ hb-e≥kv Nn{Xo-Ic - n®v Ign-
™m¬ AXv P\w A\p-I-cn®v Bh¿
Øn-t®-°ptam F∂ `b-Øm¬ {Ko°p-
Im¿ hb-e≥kv ImWn-®n-cp-∂n-√. adn-®v,
hb-e≥kns‚ dnkƒ´v am{X-amWv Im
Wn-®-n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ sjbvIvkv]n-b¿
Cu \nbaw ewLn-®p-sh∂v teJ\w ]d-
bp-∂p. CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-ambn sjbvIv
kv]n-b-dns‚ "lmwse‰v' F∂ \mSIw
FSpØv ImWn-°p-∂p. AXnse {][m\
IYm-]m-{X-߃ sIme-]m-X-I-Øm-tem,
Bfl-lX - y-bmtem acn-°p-∂p. Ah-sbm
s° tÃPn¬ ImWn-°pIbpw sNbvXp.
Novels just like television, movies
and plays can cause violence. Through
ourt history novels have been the cause
of violent behaviour F∂v ]d-™p-sIm
≠v Cu ]T\w ]d-bp-∂X - v, t\mh¬ t]m
se-bp≈ ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ hcp∂ hb-
Fs‚ Ip´n°v H∂n\pw Hcp
Ipdhv hc-cp-Xt√m F∂
Nn¥ an°-h-scbpw ]nSn-
IqSn-bn-cn-°p-IbmWv. Cu
Nn¥bv-°v ASn-s]´v
c£n-Xm-°ƒ kIe
Nm\-ep-I-sfbpw hoSns‚
AI-tØ°v IpSn-bn-cp-
ØpI-bm-Wv.
17
e≥kv P\- ß sf kz[o- \ n- ° p- I - b n√
F∂v ]d-bp-∂-h¿ "A¶nƒ' tSmans‚
Nmf' (Uncle Tom’s Cabin) F∂ t\mh
¬ t\m°-s´-b-∂m-Wv. 1851se B`y-¥c
bp≤-Øn-\p≈ ImcWw Harriet Beecher
Stove Fgp-Xnb B t\mh¬ Bbn-cp-
∂p. Bt{^m Ata-cn-°≥ P\X A\p-
`-hn® ]oU-\-ß-fmWv t\mh-en¬ hnh-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. ASn-a-Ø-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈
bp≤-am-bn-cp-∂p1851-te-Xv-(15)-. -"D∂Xamb
Hcp e£y-Øn\p th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
¶n-epw 500000 Øne-[nIw t]cpsS ac-
W-Øn-em-WXv Iem-in-®Xv' F∂v ÃpU
‚ vkv lm‚ v _p°v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
AtX ]T\w ]d-bp∂ as‰mcp DZm-
l-cWw ImWpI:- "BZyw at\m-tcm-Kn-
bm-bn-cp∂ Mark Chapma 1980¬ John
Lennon F∂-bmsf shSnsh®v sIm∂p.
F¥n-\mWv CXv sNbvX-sX∂v tNmZn®-
t∏mƒ Lennon s\ sIm√m-\p≈ Bibw
e`n- ® Xv J.D. Salingersabp- s S-- “The
Catcher in the Rye”F∂ t\mh-en¬
\n∂mWv F∂mWv Abmƒ adp-]Sn ]d-
™-Xv.
"Ip´n-I-fpsS t\mh-ep-I-fnepw hb-
e≥kv \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂p' F∂p ]d-
™p-sIm≠v R.L. Stines s‚ t\mh-emb
The Baby Sitter, AXpt]mse-Xs∂
Christopher Pikesabp- s S- ‘Monster- '
F∂nh DZm-l-cn-°p-∂p. C¥y-bn-ep≈
t\mh-ep-If - nepw hb-e≥kv ImWm-hp-∂-
Xm-Wv. Ip´n-I-fpsS t\mhepw CXn¬
\n∂pw hn`n-∂-a√ F∂Xv ChnsS Iq´n-
hm-bn-°p-I. ]T\w XpS¿∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-
{]-Im-c-amWv:- ""Cu sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬, F‚¿ssS≥sa‚n-ep≈
hb- e ≥kv kaq- l - Ø n¬ hb- e ≥kv
krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-
sa∂ hkvXpX Ah-KW - n-°m≥ ]‰m-Ø-
XmWv . - F‚¿- s sS≥sa‚ n- e p≈ hb-
e≥kv bYm¿Y- Pohn-X-Øn-ep≈ hb-
e≥kn\v Imc-Wa - m-Ip-∂p-sh∂v sXfn-hp-
Iƒ ImWn®v Xcp- ∂ - X ns‚ shfn- ® -
Øn¬, F‚¿ssS≥sa‚nse hb-e≥kv
\ymbo-I-cn-°-Ø-°-XmWv F∂p ]d-bm-
hp-∂-X-√. Ip´n-I-sfbpw apXn¿∂-h-sc
bpw Htc-t]mse F‚¿ssS≥sa‚ v hb-
e≥kv kzm[o- \ n- ° p- s a- ∂ - X p- s Im≠v
Ah H´pw \ymbo- I - c n- ° m≥ ]‰n- √ .
{]tXy-In®v Ah bYm¿Y- Pohn-X-Øn¬
hb-e≥kv krjvSn-°p-∂p-sh-∂X
- p-Xs∂
Imc-Ww''.-
C\n CXns‚ ]cn-lm-c-am¿K-sa-¥m
Wv F∂v Ah-km-\-ambn teJ\w ]d-
bp-∂p:-
“......There are then only two ways
ot get rid of the violent entertainment
in our lives: We could shame those who
make the violent movies, television
shows, books and plays, into having a
social conscience, making them to be
less prone to creating violent entertain-
ment or we could simply slove the prob-
lem ourselves, with a push of a button,
or the turn of a page.”
"".......-A-t∏mƒ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬
\n∂pw hb-e‚ vF‚¿ssS≥sa‚ns‚
kzm[o-\sØ am‰m≥ c≠p am¿Kß--tf-
bp-≈q. hb-e‚ v kn\n-aI - ƒ, sSen-hn-j≥-
tjmIƒ, ]pkvX-I-߃, \mS-I-߃
F∂nh kaq-lØ - n-te°v ISØnhnSp-∂-
hsc°-pdn®v \ap°v \mWn-°mw. Aß
s\ Ahsc- hb-e‚ v F‚¿ssS≥sa‚ v
D≠m-°p-∂X - nt\mSv IqSp-X¬ Xmev]cyw
C√m-Ø-h-cm-°n-Øo¿°mw. As√-¶n¬
\ap°p Xs∂ {]iv\w hfsc kc-fa - mbn
]cn-lc - n-°mw. _´¨ Aßv- Hm^m°pI,
t]Pv adn-°p-I''.--.- AØcw t]Pp-Iƒ
{i≤n-°msX hnSp-I, Sn.-hn. t\sc-bßv
Hm^m-°pI F∂¿Y-w.
hbe≥kp-Iƒ \nd™ t\mh-epI
ƒ hsc a\p-jys\ A{I-am-k-‡-am°n
am‰p-sa-¶n¬, \ΩpsS Ip´n-Iƒ F¥v
ImWp-∂p, F¥v hmbn-°p-∂p, Fs∂m
s° IrXy-ambn \nco-£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ hyXykvX a\x-im-kv
{X-⁄-∑m¿ \S-Ønb Kth-j-W-߃
\ap°v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
1. tPm¿P-v tK¿_v\¿
Hmtcm aWn-°q-dnepw Ccp-]Xv hb-
e‚ v BIvSp-Iƒ Ip´n-I-fpsS sSen-hn-j
≥ t{]m{Km-an-ep-s≠∂v s]≥kn¬hm\n
b bqW-nt- h-gvkn-‰n-bnse tPm¿P-v tK¿_v
\¿ ]d-bp-∂p.
Aan-X-ambn sSen-hn-j≥ ImWp∂
Ip´n-Iƒ Cu temIw Hcp A]-ISw \nd
™ ÿe-amWv F∂v Nn¥n-°m-\p≈
km[yX IqSp-X-em-sW∂v At±-l-Øn
s‚ ]T-\-߃ ImWn-°p-∂p.
sSen-hn-j\- n¬ hcp∂ hb-e‚ v t{]m
2006Un-kw-_¿-
sSen-hn-j≥ hb-e≥kv,
F√m {]mb-Ø-ep≈
bphm°-sfbpw F-√m-
enwK-Øn¬s]-´-h-sc-bpw
GXp \ne-hm-c-Øn-ep-≈-h-
sc-bpw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p.
CXns‚ {]Xym-LmXw
CXn-\Iw A{I-a-tWm-’p-
I-cmb Ip´n-I-fnepw Cu
cmPy-Ønepw am{Xw ]cn-an-
X-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√.-
{Km-ap-Iƒ I≠-Xn\v tijw Ip´n-Iƒ
]e-t∏mgpw hyXy-kvX-amb s]cp-am-‰-ß
ƒ ImWn-°p-∂p. sSen-hn-j≥ I≠-Xn\v
apºpw ]nºp-ap≈ \qdv {]n kvIqƒ Ip-´n-
Isf (kvIq-fn¬ t]mIp∂ {]mb-Øn\v
apºp≈ Ip´n-Iƒ) s]≥kn¬hm\nb
tÉv k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse Hcp ]T-\-
Øn¬ \nco-£Ww \S-Øp-I-bp-≠mbn.
Nne Ip´n-Iƒ hfsc A{I-am-k-‡hpw
hb-e‚p-amb Im¿´qWp-Iƒ- I≠p. a‰p
Ip´n-Iƒ hb-e‚ vcwK-ßf- n-√mØ tjmI-
fmWv I≠-Xv. hb-e‚ v tjm I≠ Ip´n-
I-fpw hb-e‚n-√mØ tjm I≠ Ip´n-
Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ bYm¿Y- hyXn-cn-‡X
Kth-j-I¿°v Is≠-Øm≥ km[n-°p-I-
bp-≠m-bn.
hb-e‚ v tjm I≠ Ip´n-Iƒ hbe
‚n-√mØ tjmIƒ I≠ Ip´n-Is - f-°mƒ
A{I-am-k-‡-cm-bmWv I≠-Xv. Ah¿
Ifn-Iq-´p-Im-cp-ambn ASnbpw CSnbpw \S-
18
Øp-∂p, hmZn-°p-∂p, A[n-Im-cn-I-tfmSv
A\p-k-c-W-t°Sv ImWn-°p-∂p. Imcy-
߃°v ImØn-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n-√.
CsXms° hb-e‚n-√mØ tjm I≠
Ip´nIsf-°mƒ A[n-I-amWv CØcw
Ip´n-I-fn¬ F∂mWv Kth-j-I¿°v a\-
 nem-°m≥ km[n-®-Xv.
2. lyqkv am≥
sSen-hn-js‚ BZy-h¿j-ß-fn¬ bp
h-Xn-Iƒ°v {]tNm-Z\w \¬Ip∂ tdmƒ
tamU-ep-Iƒ ImWm≥ _p≤n-ap-´m-bn-cp-
∂p. Fgp-]X - p- I
- f- psS a[y-tØmsS Charl
ie’s Angels, Wonder Women, The Bio
mic Women apX-emb ]e ]pXnb C\-
ßfpw cwK-tØ°v h∂p. cwKw \nb-{¥n-
°p-∂-h-cp-w A{I-a-tWm-’p-I-cpw Xß-
fpsS hnP-b-Øn\v ]pcp-j-∑msc B{i-
bn-°m-Ø-h-cp-amb \nc-h[n kv{XoIƒ
C∂v sSen-hn-j-\n-ep-≠v. bph-Xn-I-fmb
t{]£-I-cn¬ {Inbm-fl-I-amb ^e-߃
CXp-sIm≠v Df-hm-°n-tb-°m-sa∂v ]c-
º-cm-KX ImgvN-∏mSv \n¿tZ-in-t®-°mw.
1970Ifn¬ A{I-tam-’p-I-cmb \mbn-I-
am-scbpw \mb-I-∑m-scbpw ImWn-°p∂
tjmIƒ I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ s]¨
Ip-´n-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ A{I-tam-’p-I-cmbn
amdp∂p-sh-∂mWv lyqkvam\ns‚ Kth-
jWw ]d-bp-∂X - v. Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ FXn
¿∏p-If - n-epw iWvTI - f- nepw G¿s]-Sp-∂p.
]cp-ja - mb s]cp-am-‰h - pw IØn-∏b- ‰
- p-sam
s° ta¬]-d™ coXn-bn-ep≈ tjmIƒ
I≠-Xn-\m-em-Wn-Xv. ImWm-Ø-h-cn¬
Cu sshIeyw C√.
\ΩpsS \m´n-se- sSenhnj≥ Nm\
ep-Ifpw C∏-d™
- X
- n¬\n∂pw hn`n-∂a
- √
F∂ Imcyw ad-°m-Xn-cn-°pI.-
3.- S∂okv amIv_Øv hne-ywkv
sSenhnjs‚ hc-hn\v apºpw tij-
hp-ap≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS kz`m-h-io-e-ßsf
Ipdn-®p-ap≈ hfsc hniz-k-\o-bhpw
{][m-\-hp-amb ]T-\-߃ ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-
´p-≠v. Fgp-]X- p-If
- psS BZy-Øn¬ S∂o
kv amIv_Øv hne-ywkpw {_n´ojv sIm
fw-_nb k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse a‰p Kth-
j-I-cpw H∂v, c≠v ¢mk-p-I-fn¬ ]Tn-°p
∂ Ip´n-If- psS A{I-at- Wm-’p-IX Xmc-
Xayw sNbvXp ]Tn-®p. Im\-Ub - nse \K-
c-ß-fn-eWv ]T\w \S-Øn-b-Xv. sSen-hn-
j≥ ImWp∂ Hcp \K-c-hpw, Hcp ae
ImcWw sSen-hn-j≥ kn·¬ e`n-°m
Ø as‰mcp \K-c-hp-amWv ]T\ hnt[-b-
am-°-s∏-´-Xv. ae-bp≈ \K-c-Øn¬ ]n
∂oSv sSen-hn-j≥ FØn-b-t∏mƒ ASn,
CSn, ISn XpS-ßnb Ip´n-I-fpsS A{I-a-
tWm-’p-IX 160 iX-am\w h¿[-n-®p.
Ip´n-I-fpsS ]nXr-`m-h-Øn-epw inip-
`m-h-Øn-ep-sams° sSen-hn-j-\nse hb-
e≥kp-Iƒ h∂p \nd-™-t∏mƒ Ah¿
R.C. (Rebellious Child) Bbn amdn.
sNdp-∏-Øn¬ sdt°m¿Uv sNbvXv sh
°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu Um‰-I-sfms° Ah-cp
sS PohnX Ime-sØms° do-tπ sNbv
XpsIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
4. CutdmWpw lyqkvam\pw
an®n-K¨ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse a\x-
im-kv{X-⁄-cmb entbm-Wm¿Uv Cu
tdmWpw tdmh¬ lyqkvam\pw Hcp hn`m
Kw Ip´n-I-fpsS sSen-hn-j≥ ImWp∂
lm_n‰v Zi-°W - °- n\p h¿jw \nco-£n-
®p. Zmcn-{Zyw, h¿K-w, c£n-Xm-°-fpsS
kz`mhw F∂n- h - s b- ° mƒ IqSp- X ¬
Ip´n-I-fpsS A{I-a-tWm-’pI kz`m-
hsØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ {][m\ LSIw
sSen-hn-j-\n¬ hb-e≥kv ImWp-∂-Xm
Wv F∂v Ah¿ Is≠-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
1960-˛¬ F´p hb- p≈ 800 Ip´n-I-fn¬
Cutdm¨ ]T\w \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw sSen-hn-j-\n¬ hb-
e≥kv ImWp∂ Ip´n-Isf- Ifn-ÿe - ß
- -
fn-epw, ¢mkv apdn-If
- nepw IqSp-X¬ A{I-
a-hm-k-\-bp-≈-h-cmbn Is≠-Øn.
11,12 h¿j-Øn\v tijw CutdmWpw
lyqkvam\pw Cu Ip´n-Isf ho≠pw ]co-
£W hnt[-b-am-°n. F´p hb- p-≠m-
bn-cp∂ A{I-tam-’p-Ic - mb Ip´n-Isf- 19-
˛30 hb- p≈ IqSp-X¬ A{I-a-W-hm-k-
\-bp-f-f-h-cm-bmWv Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. sSen-
hn-j≥ hb-e≥kv IqSp-X¬ ImWm-Ø-
h-cn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn Chsc-
ho´n¬ hb-e≥kv krjvSn-°p∂ henb
{]iv\° - m-cm-bmWv Is≠-Øn-bX- v. [mcm-
f-ambn hb-e‚ v t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ ImWp∂
Ip´n-Iƒ 19-˛mwasØ hb- n¬ IqSp-X¬
A{I-a-tWm-’p-I-cm-Ip-sa∂v Is≠-Øn-
bn-cn-°p-∂p.
5. saUvshUv
kv{Io\nse- hb-e≥kns\°-pdn®v
Imws]-bn≥ \S-Ønb Ct±lw Hcp \√
teJ\w Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. "kv{Io≥ hb-
e≥kv' F∂mWv AXns‚ t]cv. 1996se
2006Un-kw-_¿-
Cu teJ\w K.Frenchs≥-d- ]-{Xm-[n-]-
Xy-Øn¬- Bloomsbury {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-
cn-®n-´p-≠v.-- F‚¿ssS≥sa≥dv C‚-kv{Sn-
bpsS Ãmt‚¿Uv If-hp-Isf Cu teJ-
\-Øn¬ At±lw \∂mbn FSp-Øp-Im-
´p-∂p-≠v. At±-l-Øns≥-d- teJ-\-Øn
se `mK-߃ ImWp-I:- Hmtcm Ifhpw-
Ah-bv°p≈ adp-]-Sn-bp-w.
1. Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fm-ImsX Xs∂ e£-
I-W-°n\v P\-߃ Sn.-hn. hb-e≥kv
ImWp-∂p.
F√m ]pI-he- n-°m¿°pw eMv Iym≥
k¿ hcp-∂n√ F∂ hmZ-sØ-°mƒ anI
® aqeyw CXn-\n-√.
2. aoUnb bmYm¿Y-ysØ {]Xn-^-en-
∏n-°p-∂p.
^nen-ap-I-fn¬ ImWn-°p∂ Fgp-]-
Øn-sbm∂p iX-am\w amXr-I-Ifpw Sn.-
hn. bnse Adp-]-Øn-b©p iX-am-\hpw
]pcp-j-∑m-cm-sW∂v American Screen
Actors Guild Statistics ImWn°p∂p.-
]pI-h-enbpw Iym≥kdpw
XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øns‚
Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°n-°p∂
GI-hn-`mKw ]pI-bne Iº-
\n-bn-ep-≈-h¿ am{X-am-Wv.
Sn.-hn.bpw hb-e≥kpw
XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ°p
dn®p X¿°n-°p∂ GI
hn`mKw F‚¿ssS≥sa‚ v
C‚-kv{Sn-bn-ep-≈-h¿ am{X-
am-Wv.
19
Hmtcm cm{Xn-bnepw 350 IYm-]m-{X-߃
Sn.-hn. bn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p, AXn¬
GsgÆw h[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
3. s]mXp-P\ - ß
- ƒ°v Bh-iy-ap-≈Xv
\mw \¬Ip-∂p.
1980-\pw, 1992\pw CSbv°v ]pd-Øp-
h∂ F√m ^nen-ap-Isf-°p-dn-®pw- \-SØ - n-
b- A-]{- K-Y\- Ø
- n¬ ^m-an-en- ^n-en-ap-Iƒ-
-hb-e‚ v ^nen-ap-I-sf-°mƒ c≠n-c´n
\ne-hmcw ]pe¿Øp-∂Xm-bn- I-s≠-Øn.-
F¶nepw dneo-kmb ^nen-ap-I-fn¬ Adp-
]Xv iX-am-\hpw hb-e‚ v ^nen-ap-I-fm-
Wv.
4. \n߃°v CjvS-sa-¶n¬ Hm^m-
°mw.
\n߃°v AXv Hm^m-°m≥ km[y-
a-√. ]c-ky-ß-sfms° \nß-sf-°p-dn-®p-
≈-Xm-Wv. Ip´n-I-fpsS apºn¬ Ah-sbm
s° Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
an®-n-K¨ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse Sn.-
hn. Kth-j-I-\mb tUm. entbmWm¿Uv
Cutdm¨ ]d-bp∂ as‰mcp Imcyw IqSn
t\m°q:- "]pI-he - nbpw Iym≥kdpw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°n-
°p∂ GI-hn-`mKw ]pI-bne Iº-\n-bn-
ep-≈-h¿ am{X-am-Wv. Sn.-hn.bpw hb-e≥
kpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ°-pdn®p X¿
°n-°p∂ GI hn`mKw F‚¿ssS≥sa
‚ v C‚-kv{Sn-bn-ep-≈-h¿ am{X-am-Wv.'
Cu hnj-b-Øns‚ Kuchw 1992¬
Cutdm-Wpw, lyqkvam\pw IqSn Ata-cn-
°≥ tIm¨{K n¬ ka¿∏n-®n-cp-∂p.
Ah¿ tIm¨{K- n-t\mSv ]d-™p:- ""sS
en-hn-j≥ hb-e≥kv, F√m {]mb-Ø-ep
≈ bphm°-sfbpw F-√m- enwK-Øn¬s]-
´-h-sc-bpw GXp \ne-hm-c-Øn-ep-≈-h-sc-
bpw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. CXns‚ {]Xym-
LmXw CXn-\Iw A{I-at- Wm-’p-Ic - mb
Ip´n-I-fnepw Cu cmPy-Ønepw am{Xw
]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√''.-
Sn.-hn. hb-e≥kpw kz`m-hhpw F∂
hnj-b-Ønse A -k-vsa‚ v, Ata-cn-°-
bpsS ap≥ k¿P≥ P\-d-emb Dr. Jesse
Steinfeld bp.-F-kv. sk\-‰n¬ ka¿∏n-
°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn¬ At±lw ]d-
™p:- ""sSen-hn-j≥ hb-e≥kpw kmaq-
lnIhncp≤ s]cp-am-‰hpw XΩn-ep≈
ASn-ÿm-\] - c
- a
- mb _‘w, A\p-tbm-Py-
hpw s]s´-∂p-ap≈ Hcp ]cn-lm-c-am¿K-w
\S-∏n¬ hcp-Ø-W-sa-∂-Xn\v [mcmfw
aXn....'- ' 1972- e mWv Steinfeld CXv
ka¿∏n-®X - v. ]t£,- At±lw Nq-≠n-°m-
Wn-®- am¿K-ßs - fm∂pw Xs∂ C∂p-hsc
\S∏n-em-°n-bn-´n-√.-19722\p tijw F¥m
Wv kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xv?- Nm\¬ ag-bm-Wn-
t∏mƒ. \qdp-I-W-°n\v Nm\-ep-I-fp-≠n-
∂v. hb-e≥kpw ssewKn-I-X-bpw ^mj
≥ tjmbpw a‰pw InS∂v Xnan¿°p-I-bm-
Wv. ]≠-tØ-Xn-s\-°mƒ {Km^nIvkpw
B\n-ta-j\pw C∂p h¿[-n-®-Xn-\m¬
dnbm-en‰n IqSn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-
sIm- ≠ p- X s∂ hb- e ≥kns‚ `oI- c -
Xbpw h¿[-n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
Ata-cn-°b - nse as‰mcp a\x-im- kv{X
Atkm-kn-tb-j\ - mb F.-]n.-F. (Ameri-
can Phychological Association)-bpsS
SmIvkv t^mgvkv Cu hnj-b-Øn-ep≈
Kth-j-W-ß-fpsS ^esØ Ipdn®v ]Tn-
°pIbp≠m-bn. F.-]n.-F.-bpsS sNb¿
t]-gvkWpw I≥kmk bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-
bnse lyqa≥ Uh-e∏ - s
v a‚ v B‚ v ssk
t°m-f-Pn-bpsS s{]m^-k-dp-amb Dr.
Aletha C. Huston, 1998¬ Hcp tIm¨{K
 v IΩn-‰n-tbmSv ]d-™p-:- ""sSen-hn-j≥
A{I-am-k‡ - a - mb kzm`m-hß- ƒ°v Imc-
W-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂v kzX-{¥-ambn- Nn-¥n-
°p-∂- F√m ]fin-X-∑mcpw AwKo-I-cn-
°p-∂p''.-
Ata-cn-°-bpsS bp.-F-kv. k¿P≥
P\-d¬kv Hm^o-kpw, F.-]n.-F. \mjW
¬ C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v sa≥-d-¬ sl¬
Øpw, sk‚¿ t^m¿ Unkokv I¨t{Sm
fpw sSenhnj-\n¬ ImWn-°p∂ hb-
e≥kpw hb-e‚ v _nlm-hn-bd-pw XΩn
¬ t\¿°p-t\sc _‘-ap-s≠∂ I-s≠-
Ø-en-t\m-Sv- tbmPn-°p-∂p. (There is a
direct relationship between televised
violence and violent behaviour).-
C\n Ah¿ ]d-bp∂ ]cn-lm-c-am¿K-
sa¥v F∂v- Im-W-p-I. {]k-‡-`m-K-ß
ƒ Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p.
Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ \n߃°v F¥p
sNøm≥ km[n°pw?
kq£n-°pI:
1. Sn.-hn. hb-e≥kv ImWp-∂Xv \nß-
fpsS Ip™p-ß-fpsS am\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky-
Øn\v lm-\n-I-camWv.
2. knK-c‰
- ns‚ ]mbv°n¬ ap∂-dn-bn∏v
D≈-Xvt]m-se, hnev]\ - bv°v sh® F√m
Sn.-hn. sk‰ns‚ sskUnepw henb Idp
2006Un-kw-_¿-
Iuam-c-°m¿ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬
A{I-am-k-‡-cmb kwÿm-\-ß-fn-
sem∂v tIc-f-am-Wv. ]Xn-\mdp hb-
 n\p Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ip´n-Ifn¬-
]{¥≠p iX-am\w t]¿°v kz`mh
sshIey-ap-s≠∂v k¿sh Is≠-
Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXp-t]mse ]Xn-
\mdp iX-am\w t]¿ A{I-a -kz-
`mhw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-∂pw-
I-s≠-Øn.-
Ø A£-c-ß-fn¬ ap∂-dn-bn∏v Fgp-Xn-
sh-°W - w.- K
- h¨sa‚ v, Sn.-hn.t{]£-I¿,
Sn.-hn. \n¿am-Xm-°ƒ apX-em-b-h¿ CXp
sNøp-I-bn√ F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, \n
߃°pXs∂ \n߃°p th≠nbpw
\nß-fpsS Ip´n-Iƒ°p th≠n-bpw Hcp
ap-∂-dn-bn-∏-v Xb-m-dm°n Sn.-hn. sk‰ns‚
sskUn¬ H´n-°mw. kv{Io≥ {]Im-in-
°p-∂-Xn\v apºv AsXmcp ssZ\w-Zn\
Hm¿a°p-dn-∏m-bn-cn-°-s´.
3. bmYm¿Y-yß
- ƒ hfsc hn]p-ea
- mbn
]ckyw sNøp-I.
4. sI´p-I-Y-I-fpw bmYm¿Y PohnX
hpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ
°v icn°pw hnh-cn®v sImSp-°p-I. a‰p-
≈-hsc ]oUn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥, `b-s∏-
Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ip™p-ßsf ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-
bpw kvIqfn-tem, ho´n-tem A-h¿- hb-
e≥kn‚ Bh¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-∂n-√
F∂v Dd∏v hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I.
20
w.w.w abelard.org F∂ C‚¿s\‰v
ssk‰n¬ Cu hnj-b-sØ-°-p-dn®v IqSp-
X¬ hnh-c-߃ e`y-am-Wv.
Atkm- k n- t b- ‰ Uv {] ns‚ Hcp
k¿sh- dnt∏m¿´v IqSn ImWp-I. Atacn-
°-bnse Ãm‚m≥t^m¿Uv bqWn-th-
gvkn-‰n-bn-emWv ]T\w \S-Øn-bX- v. hoUn
tbm sKbn-ap-Ifpw sSen-hn-j\pw \ncp-
’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kvIqfnse Ip´n-Ifn
¬- A{I-a-hm-k\ Ipd-hmWv F∂-XmWv
Is≠-ج.- Study: cutting T.V. reduces
violence in children F-∂ -A.P. (Asso-
ciated Press)bpsS teJ\Øn¬ ]d-bp-
∂p:-
""sSen-hn-j-\nse hb-e≥kv Ip´n-I-
fn¬ hn]-coX KpW-ap-fhm°p-∂p-sh ∂v
]oUn-bm-{SnIvkv Akn-Â v s{]m^-
kdpw {]ikvX {KŸ-I¿Øm-hp-amb Dr.
Thomson Robinson ]d-bp-∂p''.- Ar-
chives of Pediatrics and Adolescent
Medicine F∂ tP¿W-en¬ ]ªnjv
sNbvX Cu ]T\w icn°pw sR´n-∏n-
°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
aoUnb hb-e≥kv Ip´n-I-fn-ep-≠m-
°p∂ kzm[o- \ sØ°- p dn®v 2001- ˛ ¬
CFAR (Center for Advocacy and Re-
search) A©p kn‰n-I-fn¬ ]T\w \S-
Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Nm\-ep-Iƒ, Iºyq-´¿,
hoUntbm sKbnw F∂n-h-bn-sems°
Aan-X-amb hb-e≥kv Ds≠∂pw Ah
Atß-b‰w A]-I-S-I-c-am-sW∂pw A-
h¿- Is≠-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn(16).-
""temIm-tcmKy kwL-S\ ]pd-Øn-d-
°nb H-cp- dnt∏m¿´n¬ C¥y≥ Iuam-
csØ kw_-‘n® hni-Z-amb ]T\w
tN¿Øn- ´ p- ≠ v . C¥y≥ Iu¨kn¬
Hm^v saUn-°¬ dnk¿®ns‚ B`n-ap-Jy-
Øn¬ C¥y-bnse apgp-h≥ kwÿm-\-
ß-fnepw \S-Ønb k¿sh-bn¬ \n∂p
shfn-s∏´ hnh-c-ß-fmWv temIm-tcmKy
kwL-S-\-bpsS dnt∏m¿´n-ep-≈-Xv. dn
t∏m¿´v {]Imcw Iuam-c-°m¿ G‰hpw
IqSp-X¬ A{I-am-k-‡-cmb kwÿm-\-
ß-fn-sem∂v tIc-f-am-Wv. ]Xn-\mdp hb-
 n\p Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ip´n-Ifn¬- ]{¥
≠p iX-am\w t]¿°v kz`mh sshIey-
ap-s≠∂v k¿sh Is≠-Øp-Ib - p-≠m-bn.
AXp-t]mse ]Xn-\mdp iX-am\w t]¿
A{I-a-kz-`mhw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-
∂pw- I-s≠-Øn.... _yqtdm Hm^v ss{Iw
dnt°m¿Uvkns‚ IW-°p-{]-Imcw kw
ÿm-\sØ Nne A\u-tZym-KnI GP≥
kn-Iƒ \S-Ønb At\z-j-Øn¬ kw
ÿm-\Øv \S-°p∂ A{Ia kw`-hß - fn
¬ Ccp-]Xv iX-am\w {]Xn-Ifpw Iuam
-c-°m-cm-sW∂v Is≠-Øn.
amdnb PohnX kml-N-cy-ßfpw Ip
Spw- _ m- ¥ - c o- £ - h p- a mWv bphm- ° sf
A{I-a-ß-fn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xv. Akz-
ÿ-P-\-I-amb kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ hf¿
∂p-h-cp∂-h¿,- ]W-Øn-t\mSpw BV-w-
_c Pohn-X-Øn-t\mSpw B¿Øn-bp-≈-
h¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cn-emWv A{I-a-hm-k\
IqSp-X-embn I≠-Xv''(17)-.-
amdnb PohnX kml-Nc - y-w,- ]W-Øn-
t\mSpw BV-w-_c Pohn-X-Øn-t\mSpap-
≈- B¿Øn-˛ Cu c≠p Imc-W-ßfpw
hfsc {]k-‡-am-Wv. F¥mWv amdnb
kml-N-cy-߃? BcmWv Cu kml-N-
cy- ß sf am‰n- b Xv ? ]W- Ø n- t \mSpw
BVw-_c Pohn-X-Øn-t\mSpw B¿Øn
tXm∂p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Imc-W-߃ F¥v?
Ahsb DuXn ho¿∏n®XmcmWv?
Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv \S∂ Hcp s]t{Smƒ
_¶v sIm≈-bn¬ ]nSn-°s - ∏-´Xv ]Xn-\m-
ep-Im-c\
- m-Wv. ]≈p-cp-Øn-bn¬ s]t{Smƒ
t_mws_-dn™v _m¶p sIm≈-b-Sn®
tIknse {]Xn-bmb aIs\ AΩ Xs∂
t]meokv tÃj-\n¬ G¬]-n® kw`-h-
Øn\v GXm\pw h¿j-ß-fpsS ]g-°-ta-
bp-≈q. kwÿm-\Øv \S∂ tamjW
{ia-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sIme-]m-X-I-
ß-fn¬ ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]ecpw Ccp-]Xp
hb- n¬ Xmsg-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv. am[y-a-
߃ aen-\-am-°nb a\- p-I-fpsS hnf-
bm-´-amWv temI-saßpw \S-°p-∂-Xp-
t]mse sIm®p-tI-c-f-Ønepw Ac-tß-
dp-∂Xv F∂Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.
C\nbpw \n߃ kwi- b - Ø ns‚
h°n¬ Xs∂-bm-sW-¶n¬ Un.-sF.Pnbm-
b- _n. k‘y Xs‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n
∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv {i≤n-°p-I:-
""c≠p hb- p-Im-c≥ apX¬ Sn.-hn-.-bn
¬ kZm ImWp-∂Xv A{I-a- ]-cºcI-
fm-Wv. Ip´n [cn-°p-∂Xv CXv km[m-cW
kw`-h-am-sW∂m-Wv.- Ip´n-Isf A{I-a-
hm-k-\-bn-te°v Adn-bmsX \bn-°p-I-
bmWv CØcw ]c-º-c-Iƒ''.-
"Xm¶ƒ aq∂mw-apd D]-tbm-Kn-°p
tam? Xm¶-fpsS t]meokv Pohn-X-Øn¬
2006Un-kw-_¿-
I≠ G‰hpw `oI-c-amb kw`hw ]d-
bmtam?' Ip´n-If - p-am-bp≈ Hcp A`n-apJw
]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Un.-sF.-Pn. _n. k‘y
t\cn´ tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv.
""Rm≥ kvX_v[-bm-bn. ]Øpw ]Xn-
s\m∂pw hb v am{Xap≈ Ip´n-If - m-Wn
Xv tNmZn-®Xv. Cu Xe-ap-d-bnse Ip´n-I
tf Cßs\ tNmZn°q.- Ip´n-Iƒ apXn¿∂-
h-sc-t∏-mse Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°p-I
bpw sNøp∂ Imew. Iºyq-´dpw Sn.-hn.bp-
amWv Ah¿°v Adnhv ]I-cp-∂-Xv.''
a°-fpsS C‚¿s\‰v bm{X-Iƒ c£n-
Xm-°ƒ CSbv°v {i≤n-°Ww. Ah-cpsS
]mkvt- h-¿Uv Adn-bn√ ]e¿°pw. tNmZn-
°p-∂Xv Ip´n°v CjvS-hp-a-√. A]-cn-Nn-
X-cp-am-bp≈ Nm‰nwßv sIWn-bn¬ hogv
Ønb A\p-`h - ß
- ƒ [mcm-fa - p-≠v. F∂p-
sh®v temIw hf-cp-tºmƒ Ip´n ]nt∂m´v
t]mI-W-sa-∂-√. \nb-{¥-W-tØmsS
apt∂m´v t]mI-Ww.
samss_¬ t^m¨, l-mw t^m¨,-
ss_°v....Xp-Sß- n-bh - - Ifn-∏m´w \¬Ipw
kwÿm-\Øv \S∂ tamjW {ia-
ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sIme-]m-X-I-
ß-fn¬ ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]ecpw
Ccp-]Xp hb- n¬ Xmsg-bp-≈-h-
cm-Wv. am[y-a-߃ aen-\-am-°nb a\-
 p-I-fpsS hnf-bm-´-amWv temI-
saßpw \S-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
sIm®p-tI-c-f-Ønepw Ac-tß-dp-
∂Xv F∂Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.
21
t]mse-bmWv ]ecpw a°ƒ°v \¬Ip-
∂-Xv. Xam-ibv°v XpS-ßp∂ satk-Pp-
Iƒ sNs∂-ØpI hƒK¿ satkPn-em
hmw.- A—-\-Ω-am¿°pw Iu¨kn-enwKv
thWw. a°sf Fßs\ \bn-°Ww
F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥''(-18).-
d-^-d≥-kv-
1. John Leo, "Gunning for Hollywood",
U.S News& World Report, May 1o,
1999, P.16.
2. Temothy Egan, "Where Rampage Begin,
Newyork Times, June 14, 1998, P.1.
3. Temothy Egan, "Where Rampage Begin,
Newyork Times, June 14, 1998, P.1.
4. Temothy Egan, "Where Rampage Begin,
Newyork Times, June 14, 1998, P.1.
5. Ip-´n-Ø-Øn-s≥-d- Im-e-Ø,-v- I-p-‰-Ir-Xy-ßfp-
sS- tem- I - Ø v - , - A- P n- Ø v - F- { _- l mw,-
h\nX,- Pq¨- 15˛30,- 2005.-
6. am[y-aß - ƒ- a-\ - v- Io-gS- °
- p-tºmƒ,- tUm.-
B¿.- P-b-{]-Im-iv.- (ssN¬-Uv- B≥-dv-
AtUm-f-P-kv-‰v- ssk-Iym-{Sn-kv-‰v,- F-kv.-
F.-Sn- tlm-kv]
- n-‰¬,- sa-Un-°¬- tIm-tfPv,-
Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw--).- a-m-Xr-`q-an Btcm-Ky-
amkn-I.- Pq¨- 2005.--
7.- Iam OK Your are OK, P. 24, Thomas A
Harris MD. Arrow Books 1995.
8.- am[y-aß
- ƒ- a-\ 
- v- Io-gS- °
- p-tºmƒ,- tUm.-
B¿.- P-b-{]-Im-iv.- a-m-Xr-`q-an Btcm-Ky-
amkn-I.- Pq¨- 2005.--
9. Cannon, Honey, I Wrapped.
10. Ibid.
11. The Other Parent, P. 81. Atria Books,
Newyork, 2002.
13. am[y-aß
- ƒ- a-\ - v- Io-gS- °
- p-tºmƒ,- tUm.-
B¿.- P-b-{]-Im-iv.- a-m-Xr-`q-an Btcm-Ky-
am-kn-I.- Pq¨- 2005.--
14. James.P.Steyer, The Other Parent, P. 7.
Atria Books, Newyork, 2002.
15. Which even though for a noble cause,
resulted in over 500000 deaths, The stu
dents hand Book 2/59.
16. Where Have all the Children Gone?
Ammu Joseph, Meantime, Sept.9, 2005,
P. 13.
17. ""bp-hm-°ƒ- sk-Iv-kv- Ip-cp-°pI-fn¬''-,
""A-{I-a-ß-fnte-°v- hgp-Xn-ho-gp-∂- bp-h-
Xzw''-˛ h-\n-X,- 2005 Pq¨.---
18.- \-Ωp-sS- Ip-´n-Iƒ- F-ß-s\- Po-hn-°p-∂p?-
Kr-l-e-£v-an,- Pq¨- 2005.---
 Ckvemapw {]Ir-Xnbpw
{]Ir-Xnsb AXns‚ kq£vahpw kv-Y-qe-hp-amb
Ah-ÿm-t`-Z-ß-tfmsS krjvSn-°p-Ibpw
cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX- a-lm-i-‡n-bn¬
\n∂p≈ am¿K-Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw.- {]Ir-Xn-
sbbpw {]IrXn LS-I-ß-sfbpw A\p-`-hn-°p-
I-bpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠p≈
a\pjy \ne-\n¬∏v {kjvSmhp Xs∂ a\p-jy\v
A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.
2006Un-kw-_¿- 22
D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-
Ckveman-s\-°-p-dn®v Nne X¬]c I£n-Iƒ D∂-
bn-°p∂ Btcm-]-W-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv "{]IrXn hncp-
≤-amb aX-am-Wv- C-kvemw'- F∂v. F∂m¬ Cu hnti-
j-Ww- sIm≠v Xß-fp-t±-in-°p-∂-sX-s¥∂v \n¿W-
bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Btcm-]-I¿ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp aX-
sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Ckvemw {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn hntbm-Pn-
°p∂p Ft∂m, AX√ Ckvemans‚ \nb-a-ßfpw
XØ-z-ß-fp-sa√mw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS LS-\,- kwhn-[m-\w,-
auenI kz`m-h-w- F-∂ n-h-b-p-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sm-Ø-
h-bmWv Ft∂m Ah¿ A¿Y-am-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.
AX-s√-¶n¬ a\pjy{]Ir-Xn-bp-ambpw a\p-jys‚
kzm`m-hnI ioe-ßf - p-ambpw Ckvemw hntbm-Pn-°p∂p
F∂ A¿Y-Øn-em-bn-cn-°mw. CXn¬ GXv A¿Y-
Øn¬ {]IrXnhnc- p ≤ kz`m- h - s a∂
hnti-j-WsØ ]cn-K-Wn-®mepw AXv
Ckveman\p Nm¿Øn-s°m-Sp-°m-hp∂
hnti-j-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂n√.- Ckvemw
AXns\ kzbw hnti- j n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xv
{]Ir-Xn-aXw F∂m-Wv. Ckvemans‚
{]IrXn ]c-Xs- b-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-tºm
ƒ {]tXyI ]cn-KW - \
- b
- ¿ln-°p∂ Nne
Imcy-ß-fp-≠v-:-
{]Ir-Xnsb AXns‚ kq£vahpw kv-
Y- q e- h p- a mb Ah- ÿ m- t `- Z - ß - t fmsS
krjvSn-°p-Ibpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw
sNbvX- a-lm-i-‡n-bn¬ \n∂p≈ am¿K-
Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw.- {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw
{]IrXn LS-I-ß-sfbpw A\p-`-hn-°p-I-
bpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp-sIm-
≠p≈ a\pjy \ne-\n¬∏v {kjvSmhp
Xs∂ a\p-jy\v A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.
a\p-jy\v \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ am¿K-Z¿i\w
A\p- k - c n®v Ah≥ {]Ir- X n- s bbpw
AXns‚ hnhn[ LS-I-ß-sfbpw \-\∑-
I-fn¬, {kjvSm-hns‚ {]oXn-°mbn hn\n-
tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw A\p-im-kn-
°p-∂p.
a\p-jy-{]-IrXn
a\p-jys\ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ah\p
Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvX {]]-©-\m-Y≥ \nc-h[n kz`mh
sshhn-[y-ß-tfmSp IqSn-bmWv a\pjy
{]Ir-Xnsb kwhn-[m-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Hcp
Pohn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ a\p-jy-\n¬ kl-
P-ambn \ne-sI-m-≈p∂ Nne ioe-ß-
sfbpw kz`m- h - ß - s fbpw adn- I - S - ∂ p-
sIm≠pw- Ahsb ASn-®-a¿Øn-s°-m-
≠pw- apt∂m-´p-t]m-hpI km[y-a-√. F
∂m¬ Ahsb {kjvSm-hns‚ Xm¬]-cy-
{]-Imcw \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw \nb-a-hn-t[-
bhpw ssZhnI Xm¬]-cym-\p-kr-Xhpw
hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v
Xs‚ Pohn-XsØ apt∂m´p \bn-°p-
hm≥ a\p-jy≥ _m[y-ÿ-\mWv F∂v
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ am\-h-cm-insb ]Tn-
∏n-°p-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn Ckvemw
]pe¿Øp∂ ssPh-_‘w shfn-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ Hcp Jp¿-B≥ hN\w C{]-Im-c-
am-Wv:-
""BI- b m¬ (k- X y- Ø n¬- ) t\sc
\ne-sIm-≈p∂h\m-bn´v \ns‚ apJsØ
\o aX-Øn-te°v Xncn®p \n¿Øp-I.
2006Un-kw-_¿-
A√mlp a\p-jysc GsXmcp {]Ir-Xn-
bn¬ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂pthm B {]Ir-
Xn-bs{X AXv.- A√m-lp-hns‚ krjvSn
hyh- ÿ bv - ° v bmsXmcp am‰- h p- a n- √ .
AXs{X h{I-X-bn-√mØ aXw. ]t£,-
a\p-jy-cn¬ A[n-I-t]cpw a\- n-em-°p-
∂n√'' (30:- 30).-
{]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ CW-°w- Ckv
emans‚ klP KpW-amsW-∂pw- {]Ir-
Xn-bp-ambn CW-ßp∂ aX-amb Ckvemw-
a\p-jy∂v- A\n-hm-cy-amb am¿K-Z¿i-\-
am-sW-∂pw- ta¬- hmIyw Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-
°p-∂p-. a\p-jys‚ {]Ir-Xnbpw kl-P-
X-bp-ambn Ckvemw ]pe¿Øp∂ Cu
A\n-hm-cy-_‘ - sØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw
Ckvemans\ Po-hn-X- am¿K-ambn kzoI-
cn-°m-Xn-cn-°bpw sNøp-∂Xv a\p-jys\
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw G‰hpw henb
\nc¿Y-I-X-bm-Wv. "Zo\p¬Jønw'' AY
hm h{I-X-bn-√mØ aXw Dt]-£n-°p∂
hy‡n, aX-sa∂ ta¬hnem-k-ap≈ \nc-
h[n {]h-W-X-I-fpsS A\p-h¿Ø-I-\m-
bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw ^e-Øn¬ _lp-ssZ-h-
hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v A\p-`h - n-t°-≠n-hc - p∂
XI¿®-Iƒ Ah\p t\cn-tS-≠n-hc - n-Ibpw
sNøp-sa∂v D-]c - n-kq-Nn-X- h-N\
- Ø
- n-s≥d-
Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- Jp¿-B≥- hy‡-am-°p-∂p:-
""(\n-߃) Ah-¶-te°v Xncn-™-h-
cm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ahs\ kq£n-°p-I-
bpw \akvImcw apd-t]mse \n¿h-ln-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-I. \n߃ _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-
[-Ic- psS Iq´-Øn-em-bn-t∏m-Ic - pXv.- AXm-
bXv Xß-fpsS aXsØ On∂-`n-∂a - m-°p-
I-bpw ]e I£n-I-fmbn Xncn-bp-Ibpw
sNbvX-h-cpsS Iq´-Øn¬.- Hmtcm I£n-
bpw- Xß-fpsS ]°-ep-≈-Xn¬ kt¥m-
j-a-S-bp-∂-h-cs{X'' (30:- 31-˛32).-
{]Ir-Xn-a-X-amb Ckvemw a\p-jy-
cm-in-bpsS GIo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ GI
{]Ir-Xn-a-X-amb Ckvemw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS GIo-I-c-W-Øn-
\p-ap≈ GI D]m-[n-bm-sW-∂p-IqSn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥
]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]e aX-ß-sfbpw ]n-¥p-S-cp-I-bpw-
_-lp-ssZ-h- hn-izm-k-w- kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS
Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ sshPm-Xy-߃ am\-h-cm-insb
`n∂n-∏n-°p-∂p.
23
D]m-[n-bm-sW-∂p-IqSn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥
]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]e aX-ß-sfbpw ]n-¥p-
S-cp-I-bpw- _-lp-ssZ-h- hn-izm-k-w- kzo-I-
cn-°p-I-bpw- sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS Dcp-Øn-cn-
bp∂ sshPm-Xy-߃ am\-h-cm-insb
`n∂n-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu `n∂n∏v- C√msX
bm°p-hm-\mWv {]IrXnaX-amb Ckv
emw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS km[y-X-
sbm-cp-ßp-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bnse
ssPh-k-hn-ti-j-X-Ifpw KpW-ß-fp-sa
√mw GI-ssZ-hm-Z¿i-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy
X F∂ km£y-sØ-bmWv {]Xn-\n-
[m\w sN-øp-∂-Xv- F∂n-cns°, GI-
ssZh Z¿i-\-Øns‚ aX-amb Ckvem
ans\ Isøm-gn-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy¿ _lp-
ssZh hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sN
øp-∂Xv {]Ir-Xn°pw kl-P-auen-I-X-
Iƒ°pw \nc-°mØ Imcy-am-sW∂v Jp¿-
B≥ Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy-cm-in
sb krjvSn®Xv- ]-e- i‡n-If-√- F-∂-
Xn- s ≥- d - km£y- a mWv temIØn- s e-
F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m-ly-cq-]-Øn-
s≥-d-bpw- B-¥-cn-I- L-S-\-bp-sS-bpw- k-
am-\-X-- .-
C°m-cy-Øn¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-B\ - ns‚
am¿K-Z¿i\w A\h-KW - \- o-ba
- m-Wv. a\p-
jy-cm-in-bpsS samØw Bi-b-sa∂
\ne-bn¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp∂ GI-ssZ-hm-
Z¿iw, A-h-cp-sS- kl-Phpw kzm`m-hn-
I-hp-amb kq£va-L-S-\-bpsS A\n-hm-
cy-amb ioe-am-bn-cn-°W
- s- a∂v- Jp¿B≥
]Tn-∏n°p∂p≠v.
""\ns‚ c£n-Xmhv BZw k¥-Xn-I-
fn¬ \n∂v,- Ah-cpsS apXp-Ip-If
- n¬ \n∂v
Ah-cpsS k¥m-\-ßsf ]pd-Øp-sIm
≠phcn-I-bpw, Ah-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬
Ahsc Xs∂ Ah≥ km£n- \n¿Øp-
Ibpw sNbvXp kμ¿`hpw (Hm¿°p-I).
(A-h≥tNm-Zn-®p:-) "Rm≥ \nß-fpsS
c£n- X m- h - √ tbm?'- Ah¿ ]d™p:
"AsX R߃ km£yw hln-®n-cn-°p-
∂p'-. Xo¿®-bmbpw R߃ CXn-s\-∏‰n
{i≤-bn-√m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p F∂v Dbn¿
sØ-gp-t∂¬∏ns‚ \mfn¬ \n߃ ]d-
t™°pw F∂Xn\m-emWv (A-ßs\
sNbvXXv-)''- (7:-172).-
a-\p-jy-s≥-d- {]-Ir-Xn-bn¬- X-s∂- AS-
ßn-bn-´p-≈- k-Xy-km-£y-sØ-°pdn-®m-
Wv- C-∏-d-™-Xv.- a-\- v- hn-I-e-am-bn-´n-√m-
Ø- G-sXm-cp- a-\p-jy-\pw- Xp-d-∂p- k-Ω-
Xn-°p-w;- - Xm≥- F-ßs - \-tbm- A-ßv- D-≠m-
b-X-√,- {]-Xyp-X- k¿-h-⁄-\pw- k¿-h-i-
‡-\p-am-b- k-r-jv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv- hn-kv-a-b-
I-c-amw- hn-[w- X-s∂- kw-hn-[m-\n-®-n-cn-°p-
I-bm-sW-∂v.- CØ-cs - amcp km£yw am\-
h-cm-in-bpsS kl-Phpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-
amb BZ¿i-amWv {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. Cu BZ¿i-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-Ne - n-°p-
∂Xv a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS A[x-]-X-\-Øn-
s‚bpw \mi-Øn-s‚bpw Imc-W-amWv
F∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-
jys\ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ah∂-v Pohn
Xw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX {]]-©-\m-Y-
\n¬\n-∂pw, {]IrXn Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂
kl-P-amb Bh-iy-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Dcp-
Øn-cn-bp∂ BZ¿i-amWv GI-ssZ-hm-
Z¿i-sa-∂pw- a\p-jy-cmin AXns‚ hf
¿®-bpsS hn`n∂ L´-ß-fn-embn hn`n∂
hnizmk BZ¿i-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
Ah- e w- _ n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p- h - ∂ Xv
kl- P - a mb BZ¿i- Ø n¬ \n∂p≈
hyXn-bm-\-amWv F∂pam-Wv- hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p∂-Xv.- GI-ssZ-hm-
Z¿isØ kl-Phpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb
Hcp hnizm-km-Z¿i-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ Jp¿B\n\p kam-\-ambn CØ
cw BZ¿i {]Jym-]\w \S-Øp∂ as‰m
cp thZ-{K-Ÿhpw temIØv thsd-bn-√.
F√m-h-kvXp-°ƒ°pw AXm-Xn-s‚-Xmb Hcp \n›nX
-L-S-\- \n¿W-bn-°p-I-bpw, a\p-jy\v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-s‚bpw
AXn-Po-hn-\-Øn-s‚bpw tijn \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX
{kjvSmhv a\p-jys\ Ahs‚ krjvSn-∏n\p ]n∂nse
e£y-sØ-°p-dn®v {]tXyIw Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.
2006Un-kw-_¿-
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS bmYm¿Y-yw
{]]- © - Ø n¬ Hcp hkv X p- h n\pw
krjvSn-I¿Øm-hns‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬
\n∂pw amdn \n¬°p-hm-t\m, {]Ir-Xnbpw
AXm-Xp-h-kvXp-°-fpsS B¥c LS-\
bpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ ioe-ßf - n¬ \n∂pw
KpW-ßf - n¬ \n∂pw amdn-\n¬°p-hmt\m
km[y- a - √ . AXm- X p- h- k v X p- ° ƒ°v -
\n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ kl-P-amb {]h
¿Ø- \ - c o- X n- I ƒ°pw KpW- ß ƒ°pw
A∏p- d - t Ø°v IS- ° p- h m≥ H∂n- \ pw
km[n-°p-I-bn-√. C°m-cy-Øn¬ COm-
]-ctam A\n-Om- ] - c
- tam Bb sXc-s™-
Sp-∏n-\p≈ Ah-Imiw Hcp krjvSn-°p-
an-s√∂p am{X-a-√, AØ-c-samcp kzmX-
{¥y-sØ-°p- d - n®p Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw km[y-
a-√. Poh-\p-≈h - bpw A√m-Øh - bpw a\p-
jycpw arK-ßfpw F√mw- C-°m-cy-Øn¬
Xpey-am-Wv. ip≤-amb _p≤nbpw Nn¥
bpw hnth-Ihpw Xe-t®m-dns‚ km[y-X-
Iƒ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p≈ hnim-e-
amb Ah-k-c-ßfpw \¬I-s∏-´n-´p≈
a\p-jy¿-°p-t]mepw C°m-cy-Øn¬ bm
sXmcp hyXn-cn-‡-Xbpw ]pe¿Øp-hm≥
Ign-bp-∂n-√. Poh-Pm-e-߃°p≈ kz`m-
h-ß-sfbpw KpW-ß-sfbpw hne-bn-cp-
Øp-tºmƒ Ah-bn¬ H∂n-\p-t]mepw
Ah-bpsS kl-P{- ]-Ir-Xn°v A∏pdw IS-
°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂n√
F∂p ImWmw.
F√m-h-kvXp-°ƒ°pw AXm-Xn-s‚-
Xmb Hcp \n›nX -L-S-\- \n¿W-bn-°p-
I-bpw, a\p-jy\v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-s‚bpw
AXn-Po-hn-\-Øn-s‚bpw tijn \¬Ip-
Ibpw sNbvX {kjvSmhv a\p-jys\
Ahs‚ krjvSn-∏n\p ]n∂nse e£y-
sØ-°p-dn®v {]tXyIw Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p-
≠v. {]m]-©nI hkvXp-°sf kw_-‘n-
®p≈ Jp¿B\ns‚ ho£-Ww, F√m
24
hkvXp-°fpw a\p-jy\pth≠n ]S-®n-cn-
°p∂p F∂mWv. C°m-cy-Øn-te°p
kqN\ \¬In-s°-m≠v hnip≤ Jp¿-B
≥ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂p:-
""Ah-\mWv \n߃°p-th≠n `qan-
bn-ep-≈-sX√mw krjvSn®p X∂-Xv. ]pd
sa Ggv BIm-i-ß-fmbn {Iao-I-cn-®p-
sIm≠v D]-cn-tem-IsØ kwhn-[m-\n-®
Xpw Ah≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ah≥ F√m-
Im-cy-sØ-∏‰- nbpw Adn-hp-≈h
- \
- m-Ip∂p''
(2:- 29).-
{]]-©-Øn¬ a\p-jy∂v- Bh-iy-ap-
≈Xpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb hkvXp-°-fp-≠v-
-F-∂n-cns° ]ns∂-ß-s\-bmWv ""`qan-bn-
ep-≈-sX√mw \n߃°p-th≠n krjvSn-
®n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂ Jp¿-B≥ ]cm-a¿iw
icn-bm-hp-I-sb∂p tNmZn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v.
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ CØcw Hcp tNmZyw
A]-Iz-amb bp‡n-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw
imkv{Xob hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-
bp-sSbpw {]Xn-^-e-\-am-Wv. ImcWw
{]]- © - Ø nse AtN- X - \ - ˛ - k - t N- X \
hkv°-fpw, kq£va-˛-ÿq-e-L-S-\-Ifpw
XΩn-¬- imkv{X-\n-jvT-amb Hcp bp‡n-
_‘w \ne- \ n¬°p- ∂ p≠v F∂p
ImWm≥ {]bm-k-an-√. {]Xy-£-Øn¬
_‘-an-s√∂p tXm∂n-°p∂ hkvXp-
°ƒ°p XΩn¬ ]tcm£amb ]mc-
kv]cyap-≈X - m-bpw- {]-Xy-£Ø - n¬- D-]{Z-
h-Ic - a
- m-bh- b
- n¬- ]-tcm-£a - m-b- \n-eb
- n¬-
D-]-Im-c-߃- A-S-ßn-b-Xm-bpw- imkv{Xo-
b- ]-T-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw hni-I-e-\-ß-fn-
eq-sSbpw Is≠-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-
≠v.- imkv{Xm-[n-jvTn-X-amb hni-I-e-\-
Øn-eqsS a-\p-jy-\v- th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m≥-
I-gn-bp-∂X - pw- I-gn-bm-ØXp-am-b-- At\Iw
kXy-ß-f-S-ßn-bn-´p≈ Hcp henb ]pkv
X-I-amWv Cu {]]-©-sa∂ hkvXp
Xbpw- hn-kv-a-cn-®p-Iq-Sm.-
{]]©w Dƒs°m-≈p-∂X - pw {]]-©-
Ønse hnhn[ LS-I-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-^-en-
°p-∂-Xp-amb kl-P-Kp-W-ßfpw kz`m-
h- ß fpw Ah- b psS ASn- Ø - d - b m- b n-
h¿Øn-°p∂ imkv{Xo-bhpw bp‡n-]-
c-hp-amb \n¿h-N-\-ß-fp-amWv a\p-jy-[n-
j-W-sbbpw Nn¥-sbbpw _m[n-°p∂
kp{]-[m-\-amb hnizm-k-\n¿W-b-߃
°p ]›m-Ø-e-ambn Jp¿-B≥ Nq≠n-
°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. krjvSn-∏ns‚ hnhn[
hi-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnhn-[-Xcw
hnh-c-W-ßfpw hn⁄m-\-ßfpw Jp¿-
B\n¬ ]cm-a ¿in-° p-∂ Xv hnizm-k -
Øns‚ km[q-I-c-W-Øn\v- kXym-t\z-j-
I≥ Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠-Xp≠v.- {]]-©-
sØbpw {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw {]m]-©n-I˛- {- ]-
IrXn {]Xn-`m-k-ß-sfbpw kw_-‘n®v
Jp¿-B-\n-ep≈ ]cm-a¿i-߃ ta¬]-
d™ Bi-b-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v
hni-I-e-\-߃-°pw- -hn-Nn-¥-\-߃°pw-
hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-tS-≠-h- X-s∂-bm-Wv.
krjvSn∏pam-bp-w {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambpw
_‘-s∏´ Nne hN-\-߃:-
""BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS krjvSn-∏n-epw,
cm∏- I - e p- I - f psS am‰- Ø nepw, a\p-
jy¿°p]Im-c-ap≈ hkvXp-°-fp-ambn
IS-en-eqsS k©-cn-°p∂ I∏-enepw
BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v A√mlp ag sNmcn-
™p-X∂ - n´v \n¿Po-hm-hÿ - bv°p tijw
`qan°v AXp-ap-tJ\ Poh≥\¬In-b-
Xnepw, Im‰p-I-fpsS KXn-{I-a-Ønepw,
BIm-i-`q-an-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS \nb-{¥n®v
\bn- ° - s ∏- S p∂ taL- Ø nepw Nn¥n-
°p∂ P\-߃°v ]e ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp-
ap-≠v,- Xo¿®'' (2:164).-
{]]-©Ø - n-sebpw {]Ir-Xn-bn-sebpw
hnhn[ LS-I-ßfpw hkvXp-{I-ao-I-c-W-
ßfpw krjvSn-∏n-sebpw hnXm-\-Øn-
sebpw sshhn-[y-ßfpw FÆn-∏-d™p-
sIm-≠v-;- Cu- {]-Xn-`m-k-߃-°p- ]n∂n
se,- krjvSn-I¿Øm-hns‚ ssh`h]q¿
W-amb CS-s]-S¬ Hm¿an-∏n-®p-sIm≠v
hy‡n-Isf k-Xy-hnizm-kw- kzo-Ic - n-t°-
≠-Xn-s≥-d- A-\-n-h-m-cy-X- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-
Øp-I-bm-Wv- Jp¿B≥.-
""kqcys\ Hcp {]Im-i-am-°n-bXv
Ah-\m-Ip-∂p. N{μs\ Ah-s\mcp tim`-
bm-°pI-bpw, AXn\v L´-߃ \n¿W-
bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p;- \n߃
sIm√-ß-fpsS FÆhpw IW°pw Adn-
bp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n. bYm¿Y -apd-{]-Im-c-a-
√msX A√mlp AsXm∂pw krjvSn-®n-
´n-√. a\- n-em-Ip∂ Bfp-Iƒ°p th≠n
A√mlp sXfn-hp-Iƒ hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p-∂p.
Xo¿®-bmbpw cm∏-Ie - p-Iƒ hyXym-ks
Sp-∂-Xnepw, BIm-i-ß-fnepw `qan-bnepw
A√mlp krjv S n- ® p≈hbnepw ]e
sXfn-hp-I-fp-ap≠v'' (10:- 5˛6).-
""BIm-i-ßfpw `qanbpw A√mlp
icn-bmb {Ia-Øn-emWv krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-
sX∂v \o I≠nt√? Ah-\p-t±-in-°p∂
]£w \nßsf Ah≥ \o°wsNøp-
Ibpw Hcp ]pXnb krjvSnsb Ah≥
sIm≠p-hc - n-Ibpw sNøp-∂X
- m-Wv. A√m-
lpsh kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw AXv Hcp
hnj-a-I-c-amb Imcy-a√'' (14:- 19-˛20).-
CØcw \nc-h[n hN-\-ß-fn-eqsS
{]]- © hpw {]Ir- X nbpw AXn- e p≈
tImSm-\p-tImSn hkvXp-°fpw krjvSn®
alm-i‡n a\p-jy-cm-in-tbmSv Bh-iy-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ahsb°pdn-s®√mw Nn¥n-®p-
sIm≠v krjvSn-I¿Øm-hn-s\-∏‰n -t_m-
[-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-hm-\m-Wv.
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS A\p-k-cWw
a\p-jy≥ AS-°-ap≈ F√m -h-kvXp-
°fpw Poh-Pm-eß - fpw Ah-bpsS kzm`m-
hnI LS-\-bnepw ssPh-{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw
\ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS kz`m-h-
Øn\pw LS-\°pw A\p-kr-Xa - mb coXn-
bn¬ h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kr
jv S n- b nepw Bhn¿`m- h - Ø nepw Ah
bv°p e`n-®n-´p≈ kz`m-h-io-e-ß-fn¬
\n∂v Hgn-™p-\n¬°phm≥ Ahbv°p
km[n-°p-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-bpsS
Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ a\p-
jys‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw
sNbvXp-hn-e-bn-cp-ØpI km[y-ta-b-√.
a\p-jy-\n¬ Ahs‚ COtbm Xm¬]-
cytam t_m[-]q¿h-amb Bh-iy-\n¿tZ-
i-ßtfm IqSmsX \S-°p∂ \nc-h[n
{]Xn-`m-kß - fpw kwK-Xn-If- p-ap-≠v. Ah-
sb-°p-dn-s®√mw a\p-jys‚ {]hr-Øn-
Iƒ F∂ hnti-jWw t]mepw A¿Y-
h-Øm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Hcp a\p-jy≥
izkn-°p-∂Xv Ahs‚ kz¥w {]h¿Ø-
\-a-√. Ahs‚ ico-c-Øn-\-IØp \S-
°p∂ D]m-]N - b {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw Ah-
{]]-©-Øn-sebpw {]Ir-Xn-bn-sebpw hkvXp-°ƒ
Ahbv°p \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ kz`m-hhpw coXn-Ifpw
- ∏- A\p-k-cn®p h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw apt∂m´p t]mhp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-Xns\ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ""Ckvemw'' AYhm
A\p-k-cWw F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-´p-≠v.
2006Un-kw-_¿- 25
bpsS ^e- ß - f p- s am∂pw a\p- j ys‚
{]hr-Øn-bpsS ^e-a-√. a\p-jys‚ ico-
c-Øn-\-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ambn \S-°p∂
\nc-h[n LS-Iß - ƒ a\p-jy\pw Ahs‚
ssPhnI \ne- \ n¬]p- s am- s °- b mbn
_‘-s∏-´-h-bm-bn-cn-°m-sa-¶nepw Ah
sb a\p- j y- I ¿aß- f psS ]´n- I - b n¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm Ah a\p-jy-b-Xv\-
ß-fmbn hne-bn-cp-Øs - ∏-Sp-Itbm sNøm-
dn-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ a\p-jys‚
\ne-\n¬]ns‚ ]e-]e - X - e
- ß- f
- n-ep-ambn
a\p- j ym- X o- X - a mb {]h¿Ø- \ - ß fpw
coXn-Ifpw \S-°p-Ibpw \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-
´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ch-
sbms° krjvSn I¿Øm-hns‚ krjvSn-
]-c-amb kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn
kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.
{]]-©Ø - n-sebpw {]Ir-Xn-bn-sebpw
hkvXp-°ƒ Ahbv°p \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-
´p≈ kz`m-hhpw coXn-Ifpw A\p-kc - n®p
h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw apt∂m´p t]mhp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-Xns\ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ""Ckv
emw'' AYhm A\p-kc - Ww F∂p hnti-
jn-∏n-´p-≠v. bYm¿Y-Øn- e - Xv a\p-jy-cn¬
\n∂v {kjvSmhv B{K-ln-°p∂ Xc-Øn-
ep≈ A\p-kc - W
- a
- √
- . {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw
krjvSnLS-\b - p-sSbpw A\n-tj-[y-amb
kz`mh KpW-߃°v hnt[-ba - mbn am{X
sa {]]-©-Ønse GsXmcp hkvXp-
hn\pw h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp
≈q F∂-Xn-\m¬ Hmtcm- h-kvXphpw-
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw AXm-Xns‚ krjvSn-
]-c-amb auenI kwhn-[m-\-Øn\p hgn-
s∏- ´ p- I - b mWp sNøp- ∂ - X v . CXns\
""Ckvemw'' F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv `mjm-]-
c-am-bmWv. a\p-jy-cm-in-bp-ambn _‘-
s∏´p hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]cm-a¿in-X-
am- b n- ´ p≈ Ckv e msa∂ ]Z- Ø ns‚
Xm¬]cyw {]Ir-Xn-˛-{]-]© hkvXp
°fp-ambn _‘-s∏´p D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
Ckvemsa∂ ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂v Bi-b-
Ønepw A¿Y-Ønepw e£-yØnepw hy-
Xym-ks
- ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. {]m]-©nI hkvXp-
°-fpsS A\p-k-cW-sØ-∏‰n AYhm
Ah-sb√mw Ahbv°p \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-
´p≈ LS-\b - nepw {]Ir-Xn-bnepw apt∂m
´p t]mIp-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p∂
Nne hnip-≤-hm-Iy-߃ C{]-Im-c-am-Wv:-
""At∏mƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ aX-a-√m
Ø a‰p-h√ aX-hp-amtWm Ah-cm-{K-ln-
°p-∂-Xv. (hm-kvX-h-Øn¬) BIm-i-ß-
fnepw `qan-bnepw D≈-h-sc√mw A\p-k-
c-W-tbm-sStbm \n¿_-‘-amtbm Ah
∂v Iogvs]-´n-cn-°p-I-bmWv......-'' (3:-83).-
""Ggv BIm-i-ßfpw `qanbpw Ah-
bn- e p- ≈ - h cpw Ahs‚ ]cn- i p- ≤ nsb
{]Io¿Øn-°p-∂p. bmsXmcp hkvXphpw
Ahs\ kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠v (A-h-s‚)
]cn-ip-≤nsb {]Io¿Øn-°m-ØX - m-bn- C-
√.- ]t£,- Ah-bpsS {]Io¿Ø\w \nß
ƒ {Kln-°p-I-bn-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah≥
kl-\-io-e\pw Gsd s]mdp-°p-∂-h-\p-
am-Ip-∂p'' (17:-44).-
""BIm-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-hcpw `qan-bn-ep-
≈-hcpw,- kqcy\pw N{μ\pw \£-{X-ß
fpw,- ]¿h-X-ßfpw hr£-ßfpw P¥p-°
fpw,- a\p-jy-cn¬ Ipsd-t]cpw A√m-lp-
hn\v- {]Wmaw A¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p
F∂v \o I≠nt√?.....''- (22:-18).-
{]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ hkvXp-°-sf√mw
Ah-bpsS {]Ir-Xnbpw kz`mhpw A\p-
k-cn®v {kjvSm-hns‚ \nb-a-߃ AY
hm {]IrXn kwhn-[m-\-߃ A\p-k-cn-
®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂pw, Ahbv
°p \n›-bn-°-s∏´ LS-\-bn¬\n∂v
Aev]hpw hyXn-N-en-°p-hm≥ Ahbv°v
Ign-bn√ F∂p-amWv ta¬ ]d™ hmIy-
a\p-jys‚ AIhpw ]pd-hpw, clky-hpw- ]-c-ky-hpw- Htc
-t]mse Adn-bp∂ {kjvSm-hn\p am{Xsa a\p-jy\p
{]m-tbm-Kn-I-hpw- E-Pp-hp-am-b- am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-hm≥
Ign-bp-I-bp≈q F∂ kXyw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I- am-{X-amWv
hnth-Ihpw k¬-_p≤n-bp-ap≈ a\p-jy\p ap∂n-ep≈
GI-am¿Kw.-
2006Un-kw-_¿-
ß-fn-se- A-\p-k-c-W-Øn-s≥-d-bp-- w- Io-gv-
s]-S-en-s≥-d-bpw- Bi-bw.-- A-h-bp-sS-
{]Io¿Ø\w- F-ß-s\-sb-∂Xv- \-ap-°-
⁄m-X-am-Wv.- Hmtcm hkvXphpw- Ah-
bpsS ÿnXn-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-
eqsS {kjvSm-hns‚ BkvXn-Iy-sØbpw
I-gn-hn-s\-bpw \nc-¥cw Hm¿an-∏n-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°-p-IbmWv sNøp-∂Xv.-
Ckvemw {]IrXnaX-am-Ip-∂Xv
F√m hkvXp˛ Poh-Pm-e-L-S-\-I-fn
epw {kjvSmhv A\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚-Xmb
c≠p-Xe - ß- ƒ kwhn-[m-\n-®n-cn-°p∂p.- H-
∂v,- krjvSn-]-c-amb LS-\-bn-eqsS Dcp-
Øn-cn-bp∂ At_m-[-]-c-amb A\p-k-
cWw.- c-≠v,- sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-s‚bpw hnt[-
b-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Bi-b] - c
- a
- mb kzmwio-
I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-ambn Dcp-Øn-cn-
bp∂ t_m[- ] - c - a mb A\p- k - c - W w.
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ 3:-83¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-
°p∂ A\p-k-c-W-tbm-sStbm (Xzu-
A≥) \n¿_-‘-amtbm (I¿l≥-) D≈
A\p-k-c-W-sa∂ th¿Xncnhv CXns‚
sXfn-hm-Wv. {]]-©Ø - nse hkvXp-°ƒ
Ah-bpsS kl-Phpw kzm`m-hn-Ih - p-amb
ioe-߃°pw {]IrXn°pw A\p-kc - n®p
\ne- \ n¬°p∂Xv \n¿_- ‘ n- X - a mb
A\p-kc - W- Ø - n-s‚-bpw, a\p-jy¿ ssZhn
I \nb-a-߃ A\p-k-cn®v {kjvSm-hn\v
hnt[-b-cmbn Pohn-°p-∂-Xns\ A\p-k-
cW t_m[-tØm-sS-bp≈ A\p-k-c-W-
Øn-s‚bpw DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. {]]-©-
Ønse as‰√mw hkvXp-°-sfbpw t]m
se a\p-jy\pw \n¿_-‘n-X-amb A\p-
k-cWw (I¿l≥-) F∂ kwhn-[m-\-
Øn\p hnt[-b-am-Wv. ImcWw Ahs‚
ssPh- L - S - \ bpw Ahs‚ imco- c nI
kwhn-[m-\-hp-sa√mw Ahs‚ Xocp-am-\-
Øn-\X - o-Xa - mbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂h - b- m-Wv.
C-°m-cyw- ap-ºv- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®-Xv- \mw-
26
I≠p.-
F∂m¬ ssZhnI \nb-aß - ƒ AwKo-
I-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-I-bpw sNbv
Xp- s Im≠v {kjv S m- h ns‚ CObpw
Xm¬]-cy-hp-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m≥ a\p-
jy≥ Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ am{Xsa AXn-\-
\p-k-cn®v Ah≥ {]h¿Øn-°p-I-bp-≈q.
AØcw {]h¿Ø- \ - Ø n- e q- s S- b mWv
Ahs‚ hnizm-k-]-chpw km≥am¿Kn-I-
hp-amb Ah-ÿ-Iƒ Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-Ibpw
Ah≥ D¬Irjv S - \ m- b n- Ø o- c p- I bpw
sNøp-∂-Xv.
Ckv e mans‚ XØ- z - ß fpw am¿K-
\n¿tZ-iß - fpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambpw {]]-©-
Øn-sebpw ssPh-tem-IØ - n-sebpw LS-
I-ß-fp-ambpw tbmPn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- {]]-
©-sØbpw AXnse hkvXp-°-sfbpw
krjvSn-®-h-\n¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ h∂-h-
bmWv B \nb-a-ßfpw XØ-z-ßfpw
F∂-Xp Xs∂- Im-cW - w- .- Ckvemw {]Ir-
Xn-bp-ambn tbmPn-°m-ØXpw {]IrXn
hncp- ≤ - h p- a mb Hcp aX- a mWv F∂v -
Btcm-]n-°p-∂-h¿- Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv a\p-
jys‚ A\n- b - { ¥n- X - a mb COIfpw
B{K-lß - f - p-ambn Ckveman\v A-\p-cR - v
P-\-Øn-\v- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n
am{X-am-Wv. a\p-jys‚ COI-fp-sSbpw
Xm¬]-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw ISn-™m-Wn-√m
Ø {]bm-W-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ \nb-a-
ßfpw XØ-z-ßfpw Bhn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm
≠v a\p-jy\v A\p-Kp-Wa - m-hpI F∂Xv
Hcp ssZhnIam¿K-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ kz-`m-
h-am-bn-°q-s-S-∂v- Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ hna¿i-
I¿°p Ign-bp-∂n-√. X\n-°p-Xs∂ \nb-
{¥-Wm-h-Imiw e`y-a-√mØ H´-\-h[n
{]Xn-`m-kß - t- fmSp IqSnb Hcp ico-chpw
{]Ir-Xhpw B¥-c-L-S-\bpw t]dp∂
a\p- j y≥ X\n°v Xm≥ CO- n - ° p∂
Imcy-ßsf anI-®-sX∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv
F{X-am{Xw _men-i-amb Hcp \ne-]m-
SmWv!- a\p-jys‚ AIhpw ]pd-hpw, cl
-ky-hpw- ]-c-ky-hpw- Htc-t]mse Adn-
bp∂ {kjvSm-hn\p am{Xsa a\p-jy\p
{]m- t bm- K n- I - h pw- E- P p- h p- a m- b - am¿K-
Z¿i\w \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈q
F∂ kXyw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-I- am-{X-amWv
hnth- I hpw k¬- _ p≤n- b p- a p≈ a\p-
jy\p ap∂n-ep≈ GI-am¿Kw.-
 tbip-{In-kvXphpw {InkvXp-hns‚ aXhpw
hnip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬
""Ckvemw (ssZ-h-Øn-\p≈ Bflm¿∏-Ww) A√m-Ø-Xns\
Bsc-¶nepw aX-ambn B{K-ln-°p-∂-]£w AXv
Ah-\n¬\n∂v Hcn-°epw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. ]c-tem-I-
Øn¬ Ah≥ \jvS-°m-cn¬ s]-´h-\p-am-bn-cn°pw''-.-

keow ]Sve, _mw•q¿ sc D≠m-°-cpXv'' (Jp¿B≥ 2: 21,22).- Ø a‰p h√ -a-X-hp-amtWm Ah-cm-{K-ln-

a\p-jys\ ssZhw krjvSn-®Xv Ah
s\am{Xw Bcm-[n-°m≥th≠n:- ""P\-
ßtf,- \nß-sfbpw \nß-fpsS ap≥Km-
an-Is
- fbpw krjvSn® \nß-fpsS \mYs\
\n߃ Bcm-[n-°p-hn≥. \n߃ tZm-j-
_m-[sb kq£n(®v Pohn)-°p-hm≥ th
≠n-bs{X AXv.- \n߃°v th≠n -`q-
ansb saØbpw BIm-isØ ta¬]pc-
bp-am-°n-Ø-cn-Ibpw BIm-iØp- \n∂v
sh≈w sNmcn™p- X∂n´v AXp- aptJ\
\n߃°v `£n-°p-hm-\p≈ ImbvI-\n-
Iƒ D¬]mZn∏n®v Xcn-Ibpw sNbvX (\m-
Y-s\).- AXn-\m¬ (C-sX-√mw) Adn-™p-
sIm≠v- \n߃ A√m-lp-hn\v ka≥am
2006Un-kw-_¿-
{]hm-N-I≥am¿ apgp-h\pw {]t_m-[
\w sNbvXXv GI-ssZh hnizmkw:-
""Rm\-√msX bmsXmcp ssZh-hpan
√. AXn-\m¬ Fs∂ \n߃ Bcm[n°q
F∂v t_m[\w \¬In-s°-m-≠-√msX
\n\°v apºv Hcp ZqX-s\bpw \mw Ab-
®n-´n-√'' (21:- 25).-
ssZhn-I-aXw Ckvemw am{Xw:-
""Xo¿®-bmbpw A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ aXw
F∂m¬ Ckvemam-Ip∂p'' (3: -19).-
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep≈sX√mw A√m-
lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-°p∂ apkvenwIƒ:-
""At∏mƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ aX-a√m
27
°p-∂Xv? (hm-kvX-h-Øn¬) BIm-iß
fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap-≈-h-sc√mw A\p-k-c-
tbm-sStbm \n¿_-‘n-X-amtbm Ah∂v
Iogvs∏´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah-\n-te°v X
s∂-bmWv Ah¿ aS-°s - ∏-Sp-∂Xv'- ' (3:- 83).-
Ckvema-√m-Ø- aXw ssZh-Øn-¶¬
kzoIm-cy-a√:-
""Ckvemw (ssZ-h-Øn-\p≈ Bflm¿
∏-Ww) A√m-Ø-Xns\ Bsc-¶nepw aX-
ambn B{K-ln-°p-∂-]£w AXv Ah-
\n¬\n∂v Hcn-°epw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
X-√. ]c-tem-IØ - n¬ Ah≥ \jvS° - mcn
¬ s]-´h-\p-am-bn-cn°pw''- (3:- 85).-
F√m-{]-hm-N-I≥amcp-sSbpw aXw
Ckvemw:- °p∂p:- A{I-an-I-fmb P\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Fs∂
""\qln-t\mSv I¬]n-®Xpw \n\°p ""Aßs\ Ah-fpsS (adv-b-an-s‚) \o c£n-°-Wta'.- Xs‚ Kply-ÿm\w
\mw t_m[\w \¬In-bXpw C_vd - m- l
- ow, c£n-Xmhv Ahsf \√ \ne-bn¬ kzoI- ImØpkq£n® Cwdms‚ aI-fmb adv-
aqkm, Cukm -F∂nhtcmSv \mw I¬]n- cn-°p-Ib - pw, \√ \ne-bn¬ hf¿Øn-s°m b-an-s\bpw (D-]-a-bm-bn) FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-
®-Xp-amb Imcyw-˛ -\n-߃ aX-Øns\ ≠v hcn-Ibpw, Ah-fpsS kwc-£W Npa- ®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-t∏mƒ \ΩpsS Bfl
t\cmw-hÆw \ne-\n¿ØpI,- A-Xn¬- \n- Xe Ah≥ k°-cn-ø-msb G¬]n-°p-I ssNX-\y-Øn¬\n∂p \mw AXn¬ Du
߃- `n-∂n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I- F∂ Imcyw˛ bpw sNbvXp. "anlvdm_n'¬ ({]m¿Y-\m- Xp-Ib - p-≠mbn.- Xs‚ c£n-Xm-hns‚ hN-
Ah≥ \n߃°v aX-\n-b-a-ambn \n›- th-Zn-bn¬) A-h-fp-sS- A-Sp-°¬- k°-cn- \-ß-fnepw {KŸ-ß-fnepw Ahƒ hniz-
bn-®n-cn-°p∂p....''- (42:-13).- øm- I-S-∂p-sN-√p-tº-m-sg-√mw- Ah-fpsS kn-°p-Ibpw Ahƒ `b-`-‡n-bp-≈-h-cp
ASpØv Fs¥-¶nepw Blmcw Is≠- sS Iq´-Øn-em-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp''- (66:-11,
apgp-h≥ {]hm-NI - ≥am-scbpw Ah¿
Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw tNmZn®p:- "adv- 12).-
°v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-sf
bpw apkven-wIƒ ]q¿W-ambn AwKo-Icn- bta,- \n\°v FhnsS \n∂m-WnXv In´n- 5. tbip-hns‚ A¤pX P\-\sØ
°p-∂p. bXv?'.- Ahƒ adp-]Sn ]d™p:- "AXv °p-dn-®p-≈-w:-
A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂v e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Ip- ""thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ adv-b-ans\°p-dn-®p-
""\n߃ ]d-bpI: A√m-lp-hn-epw,
∂p'-. Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp Xm\p-t±-in- ≈- hnh-cWw \o ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°pI.-
Ah-¶¬\n∂v R߃°v Ah-X-cn-∏n®v
°p-∂h - ¿°v IW°v t\m°msX \¬Ip- Ahƒ Xs‚ ho´p-I-m-cn¬\n∂-I∂v Ing
In´n-b-Xn-epw, C_v-d-m-lo-an\pw Ckvam
∂p''- (3:-37).- °p `mK-Øp≈ Hcp ÿe-tØ°v amdn-
Cu-en\pw CkvlmJn\pw bAvJq_n\pw
bAvJq_v k¥-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ah-X-cn-∏n 3. adv-ba-ns\ ae-°p-Iƒ- (amem-J- Ø-m-a-kn® kμ¿`w.- F∂n´v Ah¿- Im
®v sImSp-ØX - nepw aqkm, Cukm F∂n- ∑m¿)- hmgvØp-∂p:- Wm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ahƒ Hcp- a-d-bp-≠m-°n.
h¿°v \¬Is∏-´-Xn-epw, k¿h-{]-hm-N-
I≥am¿°pw Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-hn-¶¬ ""kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcp -D-]-a-bmbn A√mlp ^n¿-Hu-\ns‚ `mcysb FSp-Øv
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
\n∂v \¬I-s∏-´-Xn(-k-tμ-i-ß-fn)epw
R߃ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cn¬
Im-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahƒ ]d™ kμ¿`w: "Fs‚ c£n-Xmth,- F\n°v \o \ns‚
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

B¿°-nS- b - nepw R߃ hnthN\w I¬ ASp-°¬ kz¿K-Øn¬ Hcp `h\w D≠m-°n-Ø-cn-Ibpw, ^n¿Hu\n¬ \n∂pw
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

]n-°p-∂n-√. R߃ Ah∂v (A-√m-lp- Ahs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬\n∂pw Fs∂ \o c£n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta.-

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

hn-\v) Iogvs]´p Pohn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-Ip∂p A{I-an-I-fmb P\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Fs∂ \o c£n-°-Wta...''-

(2:-136).-
hnip-≤- Jp¿B≥ t]sc-SpØv ]d
™ GI kv{Xobmb adv-b-a-ns‚ IY:-
1. adv - b - a - n s\ c£n- X m- ° ƒ GI
kXy-ssZ-h-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-
Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p:-
""Cwdm-s‚ `mcy ]d™ kμ¿`w ({i-
≤n-°p-I):- "Fs‚ c£n-Xmth,- Fs‚ h
b-‰n-ep≈ Ip™ns\ \n\-°mbn Dgn
™p-sh°m≥ Rm≥ t\¿®-t\¿∂n-cn-
°p-∂p. BI-bm¬ \o F∂n¬\n∂Xv
kzoI-cn-t°-W-ta. Xo¿®-bmbpw \o (F-
√mw) tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw Adn-bp-∂-h-\p-a-
s{X'-. F∂n´v {]k-hn-®t- ∏mƒ Ahƒ ]d
™p:- "Fs‚ c£n-Xmth,- Rm≥ {]k-
hn-®I - p´n s]Æm-Wt- √m˛ F∂m¬ A√m
lp Ahƒ {]k-hn-®X - n-s\-∏‰
- n IqSp-X¬
Adn-bp-∂-h-\-s{X˛ BWv s]Æns\
t]mse-b-√. B Ip´n°v Rm≥ adv-bw
F∂v t]cn-´n-cn-°p-∂p. i]n-°s
Nn¬\n∂v Ah-fpsS k¥-Xn-I-sfbpw
c£n-°p-hm-\mbn Rm≥ \n∂n¬ icWw
{]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p''(3:- 35,36).-
2. advb- a- n- \v ssZh-Øn-¶¬ \n∂v A¬
`p-X-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ `£Ww e`n-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
""ae-°p-Iƒ ]d™ kμ¿`hpw ({i- At∏mƒ \ΩpsS dq-l-ns\ (Pn-_v-c-o-en-
≤n-°p-I):- adv-b-ta, Xo¿®-bmbpw A√m- s\) \mw Ah-fpsS ASp-tØ°v \ntbm-
lp- \ns∂ {]tXyIw sXsc-s™-Sp-°p- Kn®p. Aßs\ At±lw Ah-fpsS ap
I-bpw \n\°v ]cn-ip≤n \¬Ip-I-bpw ºn¬ XnI™ a\pjycq]-Øn¬ {]Xy
temI-Øp≈ kv{XoI-fn¬sh®v D¬Ir- £s∏-´p. Ahƒ ]d™p:- "Xo¿®-bmbpw
jvS-b-mbn \ns∂ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw \n∂n¬\n∂v Rm≥ ]c-aI - m-cp-Wn-I\
- n¬
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. adv-bta,- \ns‚ c£n- icWw {]m]n-°p-∂p. \o [¿a-\n-jvT-bp
Xm-hn-t\mSv \o `b-`‡n ImWn-°p-Ibpw ≈h\m-sW-¶n¬ (F-s∂-hn´v amdn-t∏-m-
kmjvSwKw sNøp-Ibpw Xe-Ip-\n-°p-∂- Iq-)''- (19:- 16,17,18).-
h-tcm-S∏w Xe-Ip-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I''-
6. Pn-_v-co¬- (K{_n-tb¬ amemJ)-
(3:-42,43).-
tbip-hn-s‚- P-\\sØ-°p-dn-®v- k-t¥m-
4. adv-ba-pw ^n¿-Hu-\n(^tdm-h)s≥d- j-hm¿-Ø-b-dn-bn-°p∂p:-
]Xv\nbpw temI-m-h-km\w hsc-bp≈
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS amXrIm h\n-X- ""At±lw (Pn-_vc - o-¬)- ]d™p: "]cn-
Iƒ:- ip-≤-\mb Hcm¨Ip-´nsb \n\°v Zm\w
sNøp-∂-Xn\vth≠n \ns‚ c£n-Xmhv
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcp -D-]-a-bm
Ab® ZqX≥am-{X-am-Ip∂p Rm≥'.- Ah
bn A√mlp ^n¿-Hu-\ns‚ `mcysb FSp-
- ∏´ ]nim- ƒ ]d™p:- "F\n-s°-ßs\ Hcp B¨
ØvIm-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahƒ ]d™
kμ¿`w: "Fs‚ c£n-Xmth,- F\n°v \o Ip´n-bp-≠mIpw?- bmsXmcp a\p-jy\pw
\ns‚ ASp-°¬ kz¿K-Øn¬ Hcp `h\w Fs∂ kv]¿in-®n-´n√;- Rm≥ Hcp Zp¿\S
D≠m-°n-Ø-cn-Ibpw, ^n¿Hu\n¬ \n ]-Sn-°m- c
- n-bm-bn-´p-an- √
- '-. At±lw ]d™p:-
∂pw Ahs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬\n∂pw "(Im-cyw) Aßs\ Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p. AXv
Fs∂ \o c£n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta.- Xs∂ kw_‘n-t®-S-tØmfw \n m-c-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 28
amb Hcp Imcy-am-sW∂v \ns‚ c£n-
Xmhv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahs\ (B-Ip-
´n-sb) a\p-jy¿s°mcp ZrjvSm-¥hpw
\ΩpsS ]°¬\n∂p≈ Imcp-Wyhpw
B°m\pw (\mw Dt±-in-°p-∂p). A-Xv- Xo-
cp-a-m-\n-°-s∏-´- H-cp- Im-cy-am-Ip-∂p''- (19:-
19-˛21).-
7. adv-b-a-n\v a-e-°p-Iƒ- Adn-bn®
kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø:-
""ae-°p-Iƒ ]d-™- k-μ¿`w {i≤n-
°pI: "a¿b-ta, Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp
\n\°v Ahs‚ ]°¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp
hN-\sØ]‰n kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø Adn-
bn-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ t]cv a¿b-ans‚ aI≥
akolv Cukm F∂m-Ip-∂p. Ah≥
Cl-Ønepw ]c-Ønepw al-Ø-z-ap-f-f-
h\pw kmao]yw kn≤n-®-h-cn¬s]´-h-\p-
am-bn-cn-°pw. sXm´n-en-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw
a[-y-h-b-kvI-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw Ah≥
""lhm-cn-Iƒ ]d™ kμ¿`w {i≤n-°pI: adv-b-ans‚ aI-\mb Cukm,
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
cn®p X≈-s∏-´-h-fm-h-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
s∂-¶n¬ F{X -\-∂m-tbs\!-''-(19:- 22, 23).-
9. DW-ßnb Cu¥-∏-\-Iƒ A¬`p-
X-I-c-ambn Imbv°p-∂p:-
""DSs\ Ah-fpsS Xmgv`m-K-Øp-\n∂v
(H-cmƒ) Ahsf hnfn-®p-]-d™p:- \o
hyk-\n-t°≠.- \ns‚ c£n-Xmhv \ns‚
Xmgv`m-KØv Hcp Acphn D≠m-°n-Ø∂ - n-
cn-°p-∂p. \o Cu¥-∏\-acw \ns‚ ASp-
°-te°v ]nSn®v Ipep°ns°-m≈p-I.
AXv \n\°v ]mI-amb Cu¥-∏gw hogv
Øn-Ø-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ \o Xn∂p-
Ibpw IpSn-°p-Ibpw IÆp Ipfn¿Øn-cn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. C\n \o a\p-jy-cn¬
Bsc-sb-¶nepw ImWp∂ ]£w C{]-
Imcw ]d-t™-°p-I:- ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\p
th≠n Rm≥ Hcp {hXw t\¿∂n-cn-°-
bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ C∂v Rm≥ Hcp a\p-
jy-t\mSpw kwkm-cn-°p-I-bn√ Xs∂''-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
N-I\ - m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥
Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw Fs∂ Ah≥
A\p-{K-lo-X-\m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥
Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Ime-a-{Xbpw \a-kvI-cn-
°p-hm\pw kImØv \¬Ip-hm\pw Ah
≥ Ft∂mSv A\p-im-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbv
Xn-cn-°p-∂p. (A-h≥ Fs∂) amXm-hn-
t\mSv \√-\n-e-bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-∂-h\pw
(B-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p).- Ah≥ Fs∂ \njv
Tq-c\pw `mKywsI´-h\ - p-am-°n-bn-´n-√. Rm
≥ P\n® Znh-khpw acn-°p∂ Znh-khpw
Poh-t\msS Fgp-t∂-¬]n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ Znh-
khpw Fs‚ta¬ im-¥n-bp-≠m-bn-cn-
°pw''- (19:29-˛33).-
12. tbip-hn\v \¬Inb A\p-{K-l-
ßfpw tbip-hn-eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb
A¬`p-X-ßfpw:-
""(Cu-km-tbm-Sv) A√mlp ]d™
kμ¿`w ({i-t≤-b-am-Ip-∂p):- adv-b-ans‚
aI-\mb Cukm!- sXm´n-en¬sh®pw a[y-
h-bk - vI\- m-bn-cn-s°bpw \o P\-ßt- fmSv
kwkm-cn-°s - h, ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv aptJ\
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

\n\°v \mw ]n≥_ew \¬Inb kμ¿`-

BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v R߃°v Hcp `£WØ-fnI Cd-°nØ-cp-hm≥ \ns‚
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Ønepw {KŸhpw ⁄m\hpw Xudm
c£n-Xm-hn\v km[-n-°ptam? At±lw ]d™p:- \n߃ hnizmkn-I-fm-sW-¶n¬
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Øpw C≥-Po-epw \n\°v Rm≥ ]Tn-∏n®p
A√m-lpsh kq£n-°pI''-.-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
-X∂ kμ¿`-Ønepw,- Fs‚ A\p-a-Xn-{]-
Imcw Ifn-aÆp-sIm≠v \o ]£n-bpsS
amXr-I-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw F∂n´v
\o AXn¬ DuXp-tºmƒ Fs‚ A\p-a-
P\-ß-tfmSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah (19:- 24-˛26).- Xn-{]-Imcw AXv ]£n-bmbnØocp-tºm
≥ kZv-hr-Ø-cn¬ s]´-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw'-. 10. advb
- an-s\-Xnsc \m´p-Im- c
- psS hy`n- gpw,- Fs‚ A\p-aX - n-{]-Imcw P∑\m Imgv
Ahƒ (a¿bw) ]d™p-:- "Fs‚ c£n- Nm-cm-tcm-]Ww:- N-bn-√m-Ø-h-s\bpw ]mfip-tcm-Kn-sb
Xmth,- F\n°v Fß-s\-bmWv Ip´n-bp- bpw \o kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kμ¿`-Øn
""A\- ¥ cw Ahs\(Ip- ´ n- s b)bpw
≠m-hpI? Fs∂ Hcp a\p-jy\pw kv]¿ hln-®p-sIm≠v Ahƒ Xs‚ Bfp-I- epw,- Fs‚ A\p-a-Xn-{]-Imcw \o ac-W-
in-®n-´n-√-t√m'-. A√m-lp -]-d™p:- Aß- fpsS ASp-tØ°v sN∂p. Ah¿- ]d s∏-´h - sc ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-hc - p∂ kμ¿`-
s\-Ø-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p. Xm≥ Dt±-in-°p- ™p:- adv-b - ta,- Bt£-]-I-c-amb Hcp Im Øn-epw, \o Ckvd - m- C
- u-¬ k¥-Xn-If - psS
∂Xv A√mlp krjvSn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ cyw Xs∂-bm-Ip∂p \o sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂- ASpØv hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-I-fp-ambn
Hcp- I mcyw Xocp- a m- \ n®p Ign- ™ m¬ Xv. tl,- lmdqs‚ ktlm-Zco-!- \ns‚ sN∂n´v Ah-cnse kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ
AXn-t\mSv D≠mIq F∂v ]d-bp-Ia - m{Xw ]nXmhv Hcp NoØ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂n√. CXv {]Xy-£-amb amcWw am{X-am-Ip-
sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ AXp-≠m-Ip-∂p. \ns‚ amXmhv Hcp Zp¿\-S-]-Sn-°m-cn-bp- ∂p F∂p-]d - ™ Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬ \ns∂
Ah\v (Cu-km-°v) A√m-lp -{K-Ÿhpw am-bn-cp-∂n-√''- (19:-27,28).- A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Ahsc
⁄m\hpw XudmØpw C≥-Po-epw ]Tn- Rm≥ XS™- kμ¿`-Ønepw Rm≥
11. amXm-hns‚ Nmcn-Xy-ip-≤nsb tNm
∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw''- (3:-45,46).- \n\°pw \ns‚ amXm-hn\pw sNbvXp-
Zyw sNbvXh - ¿°p-ap-∂n¬ tbip-hn-eqsS
8. ad-b
-v w tbip-hns\ K¿`w-[c - n°p∂p:- BZysØ A¬`pXw:- X∂ A\p-{Klw Hm¿°pI''- (5:-110).-
""Aßs\ Ahs\ K¿`w- [-cn-°p-I ""At∏mƒ Ahƒ Ahs‚ (Ip-´n-bp 13. tbip-hn\v kz¥w CjvS-{]-Imcw
bpw F∂n´v AXp-ambn Ahƒ AIse sS) t\sc Nq≠n-°-m-Wn-®p. Ah¿ ]d A¬`pXw {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√:-
Hcp- ÿ - e Øv amdn- Ø m- a - k n- ° p- I bpw ™p:- sXm´n-en-ep≈ Hcp Ip´n-tbmSv R ""lhm-cn-Iƒ ]d™ kμ¿`w {i≤n-
sNbvXp. Aßs\ {]k-ht- h-Z\ Ahsf ߃ Fßs\ kwkm-cn-°pw. Ah≥ °pI: adv-b-ans‚ aI-\mb Cukm, B
Hcp Cu¥-∏-\-a-c-Øns‚ ASpØv sIm (Ip-´n)-]-d™p: Rm≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ Im-i-Øp-\n∂v R߃°v Hcp `£W
≠p-h∂- p. Ahƒ ]d™p:- Rm≥ CXn\p Zmk-\m-Ip-∂p. Ah≥ F\n°v thZ-{K Ø-fnI Cd-°nØ-cp-hm≥ \ns‚ c£n-
apºp-Xs∂ acn-°p-Ibpw ]msS hnkva- Ÿw \¬Ip-Ibpw Fs∂ Ah≥ {]hm- Xm-hn\v km[-n-°ptam? At±lw ]d

2006Un-kw-_¿- 29
™p:- \n߃ hnizmkn-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ ImWn-°p-∂-X√....-'-'- (4:-172).- \hpw kZp-]-tZ-i-hp-as{X AXv (5:-46).-
A√m-lpsh kq£n-°pI''- (5:- 112).- 2. tbip{In-kvXphpw adv-ba-pw ]®- 7. tbip{InkvXp, apl-ΩZv \_n(-)-
14. tbip ssZh-tØmSvam{Xw {]m¿Yn- bmb a\p-jy¿:- bpsS hc- h ns\∏‰n- b p≈ kt¥m- j -
°p-∂p. ssZhw {InkvXp-hns‚ {]m¿Y\ ""adv-b-ans‚ aI≥ akolv Hcp ssZh- hm¿Ø-bp-ambv h∂ {]hm-N-I≥:-
tIƒ°p-∂p:- Zq-X≥am-{X-am-Ip-∂p. At±-l-Øn-∑pºv ""adva
- b-ans‚ ]p{X≥ Cukm ]d-™-
""adv-b-ans‚ aI≥ Cukm- ]-d™p: ZqX≥am¿ Ign-™p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v. At±-l- k-μ¿`hpw ({i-t≤-b-am-Ip-∂p):- Ckv-d-
Rß-fpsS c£n-Xm-hmb A√m-lpth, Øns‚ amXmhv kXy-h-Xn-bp-am-Ip-∂p. Cu-¬ k¥-Xn-Itf,- F\n°v apºp≈
R߃°v \o BIm-iØp-\n∂v Hcp Ah-cn-cp-hcpw `£Ww Ign-°p-∂-h-cm- Xudm-Øns\- kXys∏-Sp-Øn-s°-m-≠pw,
`£-W-Ø-fnI Cd-°n-Ø-tc-Wta.- R- bn-cp-∂p...''- (5:-75).- F\n°v tijw hcp∂ "Alv-a-Zv-'- F∂p
߃°v Rß-fpsS BZy-Øn-ep≈h\pw 3. tbip-{InkvXp Ckv-d-Cu¬- P\X- t]cp≈ ZqXs\∏-‰n kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø
Ah-km-\-Øn-ep-≈-h\pw Hcp s]cp-∂m Adn-bn-°p∂h\m-bn-s°-m≠pw \nß-fn-
bn-te°v Ab-°-s∏´ ssZh-Zq-X≥:-
fpw \ns‚ ]°¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp ZrjvSm te°v A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-\mbn \ntbm-
""Ckv - d - m - Cu¬- k¥- X n- I - f n- t e°v Kn-°-s∏-´-h-\m-Ip∂p Rm≥. Aßs\
¥-hp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww AXv. R߃°v \o (A-h-s\) ZqX-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw
D]-Po-h\w \¬Ip-Ibpw sNtø-W-ta. At±lw hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Ifpw sIm
sNøpw...''- (3:-49).- ≠v Ah-cpsS ASpØv sN∂-t∏mƒ Ah
\o D]-Po-h\w \¬Ip-∂-h-cn¬ G‰hpw
4. tbip-{InkvXp BZ-an-s\ -t]mep ¿ ]d™p: CXp hy‡-amb Pme-hn-Zy-
DØ-a-\p-am-Wt√m.- A√mlp ]d™p:
≈ ssZh-Øns‚ A¬`p-X-krjvSn:- bm-Ip-∂p''- (61:-6).-
Rm≥ \n߃°Xv Cd- ° n- Ø cmw.-
F∂m¬- A - X n- \ p- t i- j hpw \nß- f n¬ ""A√m-lpsh kw_-‘n-t®-St- Ømfw 8. tbip- { InkvXp CkvemwaX
Bsc- ¶ nepw Ahn- i z- k n- ° p- ∂ - ] £w Cukmsb D]-an-°m-hp-∂Xv BZ-an-t\m- {]hm-N-I≥am-cn¬ Hcmƒ:-
temI-cn¬ Hcmƒ°pw Rm≥ \¬Im-Ø-
hn-[a- p≈ (I-Sp-Ø) in£ Ah\v \¬Ip- ""A√mlp aqh-cn¬ Hcm-fmWv F∂v ]d-™-h¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
∂-XmWv''- (5:114,115).-
Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. GI Bcm-[y-\-√msX bmsXm-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ At∏m-kvXe
≥amcpw ssZh-tØmSv am{Xw {]m¿Y-n- cm-[y\pw C√ Xs∂.- Ah¿ B ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v hnc-an-®n-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

°p∂p:- s√-¶n¬ Ah-cn¬ \n∂v Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v thZ-\-tb-dnb

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

""F∂n´v Cukm°v Ah-cpsS \ntj- in£ _m[n-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøpw''

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

[-kz-`mhw t_m[y-am-b-t∏mƒ At±lw

]d™p: A√m-lp-hn-¶-te°v Fs‚ k
lm-bn-bmbn Bcp≠v? lhm-cn-Iƒ ]d
™p: R߃ A√m-lp-hns‚ klm-bn-
I-fm-Ip-∂p. R߃ A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-
kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. R߃ (A-√m-lp-hn-\v)
Iogvs]-´-h-cmWv F∂-Xn\v Xm¶ƒ km
£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. (Xp-S¿∂v
Ah¿ {]m¿Y-n-®p) Rß-fpsS \mYm \o
Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®p-X∂
- X
- n¬ R߃ hniz-kn-
°p-Ibpw (\n-s‚) ZqXs\ R߃ ]n≥
]-‰p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. BI-bm¬
km£yw hln-®-h-tcm-sSm∏w Rßsf
\o tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-Wta''- (3:- 52, 53).-
tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ Adn-bpI
1. tbip- { Inkv X p ssZh- Ø ns‚
Zmk≥
""At±lw \ΩpsS Zmk≥ am{X-amIp-
∂p. At±- l - Ø n\v \mw A\p- { Klw
\¬Ip-Ibpw At±-lsØ Ckv-d-m-Cu-¬
k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v \mw Hcp amXr-I-bm-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp''- (43:-59).-
""A√m-lp-hns‚ ASn-a-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xn¬- akolv Hcn-°epw ssha-\k-yw
Sm-I-p∂p. Ahs\ (A-hs‚ cq]w) aÆn ""(\-_n-tb)- \q-ln\pw At±-lØ- n\p
¬ \n∂pw Ah≥ krjvSn-®p. ]n∂oSv tij- a p≈ {]hm- N - I - ∑ m¿°pw \mw
AXn-t\mSv D≠mIq- F∂v ]d-™t- ∏mƒ ktμiw \¬In-b-Xp- t]m-se-Ø-s∂
Ah≥ (B-Zw) AXm- D-≠m-Ip-∂p''- (3:59).- \n\°pw \mw ktμiw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. C_v-d-m-lo-w, CkvamCu-¬, Ckv
5. tbip -]-cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ ]n≥
lmJv, bAvJ-q_v, bAvJq_v k¥-Xn-
_ew \¬I-s∏-´ {]hm-N-I≥:-
Iƒ,- Cukm, Aøq-_v, bq\p-kv, lmdq-
""adv-bans‚ aI≥ Cukm°v \mw
≥-, kpsse-am≥ F∂n-h¿°p Rm≥
hy‡-amb ZrjvSm-¥-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw
ktμiw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ZmhqZn-\v-
]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv aptJ\ At±-l-Øn\v
\mw k_q¿ (k-¶o¿Ø-\w) \¬In (4:-
\mw ]n≥_ew \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-
163).-
≠v''- (2:-253).-
{InkvXp-a-Xhpw
6. tbip thZ- { KŸw \¬I- s ∏´
{InkvXp-hns‚ aXhpw
alm-\mb {]hm-N-I≥:-
1. al-ΩZv \_nbpw tbiphpw tam
""Ahsc (B {]hm-N-I≥amsc) XpS
ibpw A{_-lmapw t\mlbpw ]Tn-∏n-
¿∂v Ah-cpsS Im¬]m-Sp-I-fn-em-bn-s°m
®Xv Htc BZ¿iw:-
≠v adv-b-ans‚ aI≥ Cukmsb Xudm-
Øns\ icn-sh-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-s°-m≠v ""{]hm-N-I≥am-cn¬\n∂v Xß-fpsS
\mw \ntbm-Kn-®p. k∑m¿K-\n¿tZ-ihpw Icm¿ \mw hmßnb kμ¿`w ({i-t≤-b-
kXy-{]-Im-ihpw AS-ßnb C≥-Poepw am-Wv):- \ns‚ ]°¬\n∂pw \ql,-v C_v-
At±-l-Øn\v \mw \¬In. AXn-\p-ap- d-m-low, aqkm,- -adv-b-ans‚ aI≥ Cukm
ºp≈ Xudm-Øns\ icn-sh-°p-∂Xpw F∂n-hc - n¬\n∂pw (\mw Icm¿ hmßnb
kq£vaX ]men-°p-∂-h¿°v am¿KZ¿i- kμ¿`w).- Kuc-h-ap≈ Icm-dmWv Ah-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 30
cn¬ \n∂v \mw hmßn-bXv.- Ah\-v kXy- bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.- A{I-an-Iƒ°v am{Xta th≠-Xp≈q.- DSs\ AXp-≠m-
hm≥amtcm-Sv- A-hc - p-sS- kXy-k‘
- X
- sb klm- b n- I - f mbn Bcpw Xs∂- b n√'- Ip-∂p''- (2:-116,117).-
∏-‰n tNmZn-°m≥ th≠n-bs{X AXv.- F∂mWv''- (5:-72).- 7. ssZhw GI≥- AZzo-Xn-b≥:-
kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ°v Ah≥ thZ-\-tb- 4. ssZhw aqh-cn¬ Hcm-fmWv F∂ ""(\-_n-tb) ]d-bpI:- Imcyw A√mlp
dnb in£ Hcp°nsh°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- hmZw kXy-\n-tj[w:- GI- \ mWv F∂- X m- I p- ∂ p. A√mlp
cn-°p-∂p''- (33:-7,8).- ""A√mlp aqh-cn¬ Hcm-fmWv F∂v Gh¿°pw B{i-ba - m-bn-´p-≈h- \
- m-Ip-∂p.
2. tbip-hns‚ apJy I¬]\ ""Fs‚ ]d-™-h¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw Ahn-izm-kn-I- Ah≥ (B¿°pw) P∑w \¬In-bn-´n√.-
bpw \nß-fp-sSbpw I¿Øm-hmb GI fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. GI Bcm-[y-\-√msX (B-cp-sSbpw k¥-Xn-bm-bn) P\n-®n-´p-an
ssZh-sØ-am{Xw Bcm-[n-°pI'' F∂Xv:- bmsXm-cm-[y\pw C√ Xs∂.- Ah¿ B √.- Ah\p Xpey-\mbn Bcpw Xs∂-bn-
""(Cukm ]d-™p) Xo¿®-bmbpw ]d- b p- ∂ - X n¬\n∂v hnc- a n- ® n- s √- ¶ n¬ √''- (112:-1˛4).-
A√mlp Fs‚bpw \nß-fp-sSbpw c£n- Ah-cn¬ \n∂v Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v thZ- 8. tbip-{I-kvXp-hns\ {Iqin-®n-´n√:-
Xm-hm-Ip-∂p.- AXn-\m¬ Ahs\ \n߃ \-tb-dnb in£ _m[n-°p-I-Xs∂ sN
""A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-\mb adv-b-ans‚
Bcm-[n-°pI.- CXs{X t\sc-bp≈ am¿ øpw''- (5:-73).-
aI≥ akolv- Cukmsb R߃ sIm
Kw'' (19:-36).- 5. ssZh-]p-{X- k-¶¬]-w alm-]m]w:- ∂n-cn-°p-∂p F∂-h¿ ]d-™-Xn-\mepw
""hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Ifpw sIm≠v ""]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I≥ H-c-p k¥m-\sØ (A-h¿ i]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p). hmkvX-
Cukm- h- ∂ n´v C{]- I mcw ]d™p:- kzoI-cn-®n-´p-s≠∂v Ah¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p- h-Øn¬ At±-lsØ Ah¿ sImes∏-
Xo¿®-bmbpw hn⁄m-\hpw sIm≠mWv ∂p. (A-{]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂-h-tc) Xo¿®- SpØnbn´p-an-√,- {Iqin-®n-´p-an-√. ]t£,-
Rm≥ \nß-fpsS ASpØv h∂n-cn-°p-∂- bmbpw \n߃ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv Kpcp- (bm-Ym¿Y-yw) Ah¿°v Xncn-®-dn-bm-sX-
bm-hp-Ib - m-Wp-≠m-bX - v. Xo¿®-bmbpw A
t±-l-Øns‚ (Cu-km-bp-sS) Imcy-Øn¬
""Ah¿ ]d-bp∂p;- A√mlp k¥m-\sØ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
`n∂n-®-h¿ AXns\∏‰n kwi-b-Øn¬
F∂v.- Ah-\s{X ]cn-ip-≤≥! Aß-s\-b√,- BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn- Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p. Dul-m-t]m-lsØ ]n
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

¥p-S-cp-∂-X-√msX Ah¿°v A°m-cy-

ep-≈-sX√mw Xs∂ Aht‚ Xm-Ip-∂p. F√m-hcpw Ah∂-v
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
sØ-∏‰n bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-√. Dd-∏m
Iogvs]-´n-cn-°p-∂h-cm-Ip-∂p. BImiß-sf-bpw- `qan-sb-bpw -
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ bpw At±-lsØ Ah¿ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-
ap≥ amXr-I-bn-√msX \n¿an®h\s{X Ah≥.-....-''-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
bn-´n-√. F∂m¬ At±-lsØ A√mlp
Ah-¶t- e°v Db¿Øp-Ib - s{X sNbvXXv.-
A√mlp {]Xm-]nbpw bp‡n-am-\p-am-Ip-
Xv. \n߃ A`n-{]m-b -`n-∂X ]pe¿Øn- X-c-amb Hcp Imcy-am-Ip-∂p. AXv \nan ∂p''- (4:-157,158).-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ NneXv Øw BIm-i-߃ s]m-´n-∏-n-f-cp-Ibpw 9. tbi-p-hns\ ssZhw Gs‰-SpØp
Rm≥ \n߃°v hnh- c n®v Xcm≥ `qan- hn-≠p-Io-dp-Ibpw ]¿hX-߃ XI ]cn-ip-≤-s∏-SpØn:-
th≠nbpw.- BI-bm¬ \n߃ A√m-lp- ¿∂p hogp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dmIpw.- (A-sX) ""A√mlp ]d™ kμ¿`w ({i-≤n-
hns\ kq£n-°p-Ibpw Fs∂ A\p-k- ]c- a - I m- c p- W n- I \v k¥m- \ - a p- s ≠∂v °p-I):- tl Cukm,- Xo¿®-bmbpw \ns∂
cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥.- Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah¿ hmZn-®Xv \nanØw.- k¥m-\sØ \mw ]q¿W-ambn Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw Fs‚
A√mlp Xs∂-bm-Ip∂p Fs‚ c£n- kzoI-cn°pI F∂Xv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v ASp- ° - t e°v \ns∂ Db¿Øp- I bpw
Xmhpw \nß-fpsS c£n-Xmhpw.- AXn- A\p-tbm-Py-am-hp-I-bn-√. BIm-i-ß- kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fn¬\n∂v \ns∂ \mw-
\m¬ Ahs\ \n߃ Bcm-[n-°pI.- fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap≈ GsXm-cmfpw Hcp ip≤-am-°p-Ibpw \ns∂ ]n¥p-S¿∂-hsc
CXm-Ip∂p t\cmb ]mX''- (43:-63,64).- Zmk-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ ]c-aI - m-cp-Wn-Is‚
Db¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]ns‚ \mƒhtc°pw
3. tbip-{InkvXp ssZh-am-sW-∂- hm ASpØv hcp∂h≥ am-{X-am-bn-cn-°pw''-
kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf°mƒ D∂-X≥amcm-
Zw At±lw ]Tn-∏n® BZ¿i-߃°v hn- (19:- 88-˛93).-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]ns∂ Fs‚
cp≤w:- 6. ssZhw k¥m-\sØ kzoI-cn-®n- ASp-tØ-°mWv \nß-fpsS aS°w. \n
""adv-b-ans‚ aI≥ ako-lvX-s∂-bm ´n√:- ߃ `n∂n®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn
Wv ssZhw F∂v ]d-™-h¿ Xo¿®-bm ""Ah¿ ]d-bp∂p;- A√mlp k¥m- ¬ At∏mƒ Rm≥ \n߃°n-S-bn¬
bpw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m \sØ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p F∂v.- Ah- Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-°p-∂-XmWv''- (3:-55).-
¬ akolv ]d-™Xv "Ckvd - m- Cu-¬ k¥- \s{X ]cn-ip-≤≥! Aß-s\-b√,- BIm- 10. ]c-tem-IØvsh®v tbip-{I-kvXp-
Xn-Itf,- Fs‚bpw \nß-fp-sSbpw c£n- i-`q-an-I-fn-ep-≈-sX√mw Xs∂ Aht‚ Xs∂ Bcm-[n-®h - c- psS i{Xp-hmbn amdp-
Xm-hmb A√m-lpsh \n߃ Bcm-[n- Xm-Ip-∂p. F√m-hcpw Ah∂-v Iogvs]-´n-
∂p:-
°p-hn≥. A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv h√-h\pw cn-°p-∂h-cm-Ip-∂p. BImiß-sf-bpw-
]¶p-tN¿°p∂ ]£w Xo¿®-bmbpw `qan-sb-bpw-ap≥ amXr-I-bn-√msX \n¿an ""A√mlp ]d-bp∂ kμ¿`-hpw(-{i-
A√m-lp- A-h\v kz¿K-w \njn-≤-am-°p- ®h\s{X Ah≥.- Ah-s\mcp Imcyw ≤n-°p-I): adv-b-ans‚ aI-\mb Cukm,
∂-Xm-Wv. \cIw Ahs‚ hmk-ÿ-am- Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ "D≠mIq'- F∂v ]d-bpI "A√m-lp-hn\v ]pdsa Fs∂bpw Fs‚

2006Un-kw-_¿- 31
amXm-hn-s\bpw ssZh-ß-fm-°n-s°-m-≈p- NoØhkvXp-°ƒ Ah-cpsSta¬ \njn- h-sc-bp≈ a\p-jy¿°v DØa amXrI:-
hn≥'- F∂v \obmtWm P\-ß-tfmSv ]d- ≤-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah-cpsS `mc- ""Xo¿®-bmbpw \n߃°v A√m-lp-
™Xv? At±lw ]dbpw:- \osb{X ]cn- ßfpw Ah-cpsSta¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ hne- hns‚ ZqX-\n¬ DØ-aa - mb amXr-Ib
- p-≠v.
ip-≤≥!- F\n°v (]-d-bm≥) bmsXmch ßp-Ifpw At±lw Cd°nsh°p-Ibpw AXm-bXv A√m-lp-shbpw A¥y-Zn-\-
Im-i-hp-an-√m-ØXv Rm≥ ]d-bm-h-X-√ sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ At±-lØ - n¬ hniz- sØbpw {]Xo-£n-®psIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw
t√m? Rm\Xv ]d-™n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xo¿®- kn-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ ]n¥p-W-°p- A√m-lpsh [mcm-fa - mbn Hm¿an-°p-Ibpw
bmbpw- \o AX-dn™ncn°p-at√m.- Fs‚ Ibpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw At±-lX - t- Øm- sNbvXp-h-cp-∂-h¿°v''- (33:-21).-
a\- n-ep-≈Xv \o Adnbpw.- \ns‚ a\- sSm∏w Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p≈ B {]Im-i
17. apl-ΩZv \_n(-)-bn-eqsS ssZh-
 n-ep-≈Xv Rm\-dn-bn-√-. Xo¿®-bmbpw sØ ]n≥]-‰p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmtcm
a-X-cn-∏n® hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ temI-Øp
\o X-s∂-bmWv AZr-iy-Im-cy-߃ Adn- Ah¿ X-s∂-bmWv hnP-bn-Iƒ''- (7:-157).-
≈ apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°pw am¿K-Z¿i-\-
bp-∂-h≥.- \o Ft∂mSv I¬]n® Imcyw 14. apl-ΩZv \_n(-) temI-Øp≈ am-Wv:-
AYhm Fs‚bpw \nß-fp-sSbpw c£n- apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cn-te°pw Ab-°-s∏´
Xm-hmb A√m-lpsh \n߃ Bcm-[n- ""CXm-Ip∂p {KŸw.- AXn¬ kwib
{]hm-N-I-\m-Wv:-
°-Ww F∂ Imcyw am{Xsa Rm\-h- -ta-bn-√. kq£vaX ]men°p∂h¿°v
tcmSv ]d-™n-´p≈q.- Rm≥ Ah¿°-n-S- ""]d-bpI: a\p-jytc,- Xo¿®-bmbpw t\¿hgn ImWn-°p-∂X - s{X AXv''- (2:- 2).-
bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-t∏m-sgms° Rm≥ Rm≥ \nß-fn-te-s°-√m-ap≈ A√m-lp-
{InkvXy-m\
- n-It- fmSv kvt\l-]q¿h-w....
Ah-cpsS ta¬ km£n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n hns‚ ZqX-\m-Ip-∂p. BIm-iß - f
- p-sSbpw
`qan-bp-sSbpw B[n-]Xyw GsXm-cmƒ 1. GI- s sZ- h - h n- i zmkw sFIy-
∂oSv \o ]q¿W-ambn Fs∂ Gs‰-Sp-Ø- Øns‚ am¿K-w
t∏mƒ \o Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Ahsc °mtWm Ahs‚ (Zq-X≥).- Ah-\√ - msX
\nco-£n-®n-cp-∂h- ≥.- \o F√m Imcy-Øn Hcp ssZh-hp-an-√. Ah≥ Pohn-∏n-°p- ""(\-_n-tb) ]-d-bp-I-:- thZ-°m-sc,
\pw km£n-bm-Ip-∂p''- (5:-116,117).-
""thZ°mtc, thZ-{KŸØn¬ \n∂v \n߃ ad-®p-sh-®p-sIm-
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

11. CXv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\∏-‰n-bp

≈ G‰hpw kXy-k-‘-amb hnh-cWw:-
≠n-cn-°p∂ ]eXpw \n߃°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂p-sIm≠v
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

""AXs{X adv-b-ans‚ aI-\mb Cu

\ΩpsS ZqX≥(-C-Xm)- \n-ß-fpsS ASpØv h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

km.- Ah¿ GsXmcp hnj-b-Øn¬ X¿ ]eXpw At±lw am∏-m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \n߃°nXm

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

°n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂pthm AXns\∏-‰n- A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂v Hcp {]Im-ihpw hy‡-amb Hcp

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

bp-≈- b-Ym¿Y- -hm-°s{X CXv''- (19:-34).- {KŸhpw h∂n-cn-°p-∂p....''-

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

12. tbip-hn-s‚ IY apl-ΩZv \_n

() temI-tØmSv ]d™Xv ssZhnI
t_m[-\Ø - ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬am{Xw
kz¥w CjvS-{]-Imcw ]d-™-X√:-
""(\-_n-tb) \mw \n\°v t_m[\w
\¬Ip∂- AZr-iy-hm¿Ø-If - n¬ s]´-Xm-
Ip∂p Ahsbms°'' (3:-44).-
""At±lw (ap-l-Ω-Zv\-_n) X∂n-jvS-
{]-Imcw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-an√''- (53:-3).-
13. tbip- { Inkv X p h¿j- ß ƒ°p
apºv {]h-Nn® A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\mb B
apl-ΩZv \_n(-)sb ]q¿W-ambn ]n≥]-
‰p-I:-
""(AXm-b-Xv) Xß-fpsS ]°-ep≈
Xudm-Ønepw C≥Poenepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Ø-s∏-´-Xmbn Ah¿°v Is≠-Øm≥
Ign-bp∂ B A£-c-⁄m-\-an-√mØ
{]hm-N-I-\mb ssZh-Zq-Xs\ (ap-l-ΩZv
\_n-sb) ]n≥]-‰p-∂-h¿°v B Imcp
Wyw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - m-Wv).- Ah-tcmSv
At±lw kZm-Nmcw I¬]n-°p-Ibpw Zp-
cm-Nm-c-Øn¬ \n∂v Ahsc hne°pI
bpw sNøp-∂p. \√ hkvXp-°ƒ Ah¿
°v At±lw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-°p-Ibpw
Ibpw acn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn- R߃°pw \n߃°p-an-S-bn¬ ka-am-
\m¬ \n߃ A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚ bp≈ Hcp hmIy-Øn-te°v hcp-hn≥
Zq-X-\n-epw- hn-iz-kn-°p-hn≥.- A-sX,- A- A√mlpshb-√msX \mw Bcm-[n-°m-Xn-
√m-lp-hn-epw- A-h-s≥-d- hN-\-ß-fnepw cn-°p-Ibpw, Ah-t\mSv bmsXm-∂n-s\
hniz-kn-°p∂ A£-c-⁄m-\-an-√mØ bpw ]¶p-tN-¿° - m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw \Ω-fn¬
B{]-hm-N-I-\n¬.-...''- (7:-158).- Nne¿ Nnesc A√m-lp-hn∂p ]pdsa
c£n-Xm-°f - m-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI
15. t\¿hgn {]m]n-°m≥ apl-ΩZv
\_n(-)-bn¬ hniz-kn-°pI:- (F∂ XØ-z-Øn-te°v)''- (3:-64).-
2. tbip-{InkvXp {]h-Nn® B- {]-
""......-At±-lsØ \n߃ ]n≥]-‰p-
hm-NI - \
- mb apl-ΩZ- v\_ - n(-)bn¬ hniz-
hn≥.- \n߃°v t\¿am¿Kw {]m]n°mw''-
(7:158).- kn-°pI:-
""P\-ßtf,- \nß-fpsS c£n-Xm-hn- ""thZ°mtc, thZ-{KŸØn¬\n∂v
¶¬ \n∂p≈ kXy-hp-ambn \nß-fpsS \n߃ ad-®p-sh-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]e
ASp-°p-enXm dkq¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Xpw \n߃°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂p-
AXn- \ m¬ \nß- f psS \∑- b v ° mbn sIm≠v \ΩpsS ZqX≥(-CX - m)- \n-ßf
- psS
\n߃ hniz-kn-°pI.- \n߃ \ntj-[n- ASpØv h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ]eXpw At±
°p-I-bm-sW-¶n-tem, BIm-i-`q-an-bn-ep- lw am∏-m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \n߃
≈-sX√mw A√m-lp-hns‚Xm-Wv- (F∂v °nXm A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂v Hcp {]Im-
\nß-tfm¿Øp-sIm-≈p-I).- A√mlp F ihpw hy‡-amb Hcp {KŸhpw h∂n-cn-
√mw Adn-bp-∂-h\pw bp‡n-am-\p-am-Ip- °p-∂p. A√m-lp- Xs‚ s]mcpØw tXSn-
∂p''- (4:-170).- b-hsc AXp-ap-tJ\ kam-[m-\-Øns‚
16. apl-ΩZv \_n(-) temI-hk - m-\w- (ti-jw- t]-Pv- 34¬)-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 32
 ]-T-\-w-
Fs‚ icocw
Fs‚ kz¥w Imcyw
\loZv apkvXz^
Rm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw A¬`p-X-s∏-Smdp
≠v; Bfp-Iƒ- F-ßs\bmWv Fs∂
t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂-sX-∂v. Po≥kv Pm°-
‰n-s‚-bp≈n¬- Hcp F.-sI. 47 tXm°v Hfn-
∏n®psh® hnπ-hI - m-cn?- aX-au-en-Ih
- mZn?-
apkvenw `oI-c-hmZn?- kI-e-bn-S-ß-fnepw
ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-Sp∂ kv{XoXz-Øns‚
]c-ky-{]-Xo-Iw?- C-ß-s\- h-√-Xpw?- F
t¥m, F\n-°p-d-∏n-√.
kI-e-X-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ A]-cn-Nn-X-Xz-
`mhw Xpfp-ºp∂ t\m´-߃, Xpdn-®p-t\m-
´-߃, Hfn-®p-t\m-´-߃-˛-F√mw Fs‚
ta¬ ]Xn-bp-∂p. ImcWw Rm≥ lnPm
_-v AYhm Xebpw Igp-Øpw- ad-°p∂
Hcp X´w [cn-°p∂p F∂Xv Xs∂. CXv
Rm≥ sNøp-∂-Xv, Hcp-Øn-bpsS icocw
Ah-cpsS kzIm-cy-hn-j-b-amWv F∂v
hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcp apkvenw kv{Xo Bb
Xp-sIm≠m-Wv.
sNdp-∏-°m-cn-I-fmb apkvenw kv{Xo
Iƒ C∂v lnPm-_ns\ hos≠-Sp-Øp-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXns‚ auenI
e£y-amb kv{XoIƒ°v Ah-cpsS ico-
c-ß-fpsS taep≈ ]q¿W-amb \nb-{¥
Ww hos≠-SpØp \¬IpI F∂-Xns‚
shfn-®Ø- n¬ Ah¿ AXns\ ]p\¿hym-
Jym-\n-°p-∂p.
2006Un-kw-_¿-
kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j≥amcpw Xpey-cm-
sW-∂mWv Jp¿B≥ \Ωsf ]Tn-∏n-°p-
∂Xv.- AXp-t]m-se-Ø-s∂, enwKw, ku
μ-cyw, kº-Øv, ]Zhn F∂-Xns‚ ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn-sem∂pw hy‡n-I-sf-°-p-dn®v
hn[n-Xo¿∏v I¬]-n-°-cp-sX∂pw.- Hcmsf
as‰m-cm-sf-°mƒ \√-ht\m \√-htfm
B°p-∂Xv B hy‡n-bpsS kz`m-h-
KpWw H∂p-am-{X-am-Wv.
Imcy-sa-¥m-bm-epw, P\-߃°v F
t∂mSv _‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ {]bm
kw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. Fs¥ms° ]d-
™mepw, sNdp-∏-°m-cn-bm-b, Im\-U-bn
¬ P\n®ph-f¿∂, bqWn-th-gvkn‰n hnZy-
`ymkw e`n® Rm≥ F¥n-\mWv Ft∂m
Sp-Xs∂ Cß-s\-sbms° sN-øp-∂Xv
F∂mWv Ah-cpsS tNmZyw.
A]-cn-Nn-X¿ Ft∂mSv sas√- Cw•o-
jn-emWv kwkmcn°pI. ]e-t∏mgpw A
h¿ BwKy-\m-SIw Ifn-°p-∂-Xp-t]-mse
tXm∂pw. F\n°v Im\-U-bnse Pohn
Xw CjvS-am-tbm, Chn-SsØ XWp∏v
Fs∂ iey-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂pt≠m Fs∂m
s° Ah¿ hn\-b-tØmsS Ft∂mSv
tNmZn-°pw. \√ aqUn-em-sW-¶n¬ CXv
F\n°v ck-I-c-ambn tXm∂m-dp-≠v.
]t£, F¥n-\mWv Rm≥, Hcp hS
s° Ata-cn-°≥ ]›m-Ø-e-Øns‚ F
√mw kuI-cy-ßfpw D≈ Hcp kv{Xo, s]
33
s´∂v Ccp-]-sØm∂mw hb- n¬, apJ
hpw ssIIfpw am{Xw ]pd-Øp-Im-W-Ø
° coXn-bn¬ lnPm_-pw a‰p hkv{X-ß
fpw sIm≠v icocw ad-bv°m≥ Xm¬]cy-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv?
Imc-Ww, AXv F\n°v kzmX{¥yw
\¬Ip-∂p!-
\s∂ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ s]Æp-
߃- ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, Ah-cpsS aq
eyw Ah-cpsS BI¿j-Wo-b-X-bpsS
tXmX-\p-k-cn-®mWv F∂m-Wv. Aßs\
kuμ-cy-sØ-°p- d - n®v- Aaq¿Ø k¶¬∏-
ß-fpsS ]n∂mse t]mhm≥, Cusbmcp
tX´w \njv^-e-am-sW∂v ]IpXn t_m
[yw h∂n-´vt]m-epw, \Ωƒ \n¿_-‘nX-
cmbn-Øo-cp-∂p.
C\n kv{XoIƒ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ A
Sn-t®¬∏n-°e - ns\ \ncm-Ic - n-°p-Ib
- m-sW-
¶n¬, Ah¿°v ]cn-lm-khpw \nμbpw
A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p. sabv°∏v
[cn-°m≥ Xb-m-dm-hm-Ø, Imense tcm
aw hSn-®p-I-f-bm-Ø, icocw {]Z¿in-∏n-
°m≥ Xp\n-bmØ kv{XoI-sf√mw kaq-
l-Øn-\v, CXn¬ kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j≥
amcpw F√mw s]Spw.-
]Sn-™m-d≥ temI-Øv, lnPm_v
H∂p-In¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°-s∏´ \n»-_vZ-
X-bpsS,- As√-¶n¬ a\- m-£n-bn-√mØ
hnπ-h-hmZ˛ Xo{h-hm-Z-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-
Wv. F∂m¬ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ CXv c≠p-
a√ AXv. AXv kmaq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-I-
fn¬ Xs‚ imco-cnI kzXz-sØ-°-p-dn®
hn[n- X o¿∏p- I ƒs°m∂pw bmsXmcp
ÿm\-hp-an√ F∂ kv{XobpsS {]Jym-
]\w am{X-am-Wv.
Fs‚ imco-cn-I-kz-Xz-sØ°-pdn®
\nc-¥-c-amb D¬I-WvT-bn¬\n∂v lnPm
_-v F\n°v tamN-\w-\¬In. Fs‚ B
Imcw s]mXp-\n-co-£W hkvXp Bhm-
Ø-Xn-\m¬, Fs‚ kuμ-cyhpw kuμ-
cy-an-√m-bvabpw kzm`m-hnI N¿®m-hn-j-
b-ß-fpsS temIØp-\n∂v \o°-s∏-´p.
Hcp _yq´n- ] m¿e- d n¬\n∂v Cd- ß nb
tIme-Øn-emtWm Fs‚ apSn, As√-¶n
¬ XSn A¬∏w Ipd-bv°-Wtam-, As√-
¶n¬ ico-cØ - n¬ Fs¥-¶nepw ]mSp-Iƒ
Dt≠m, CsXm∂pw Xs∂ Bcpw Adn-
bp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ Xs∂ Bcp-sSbpw
hnj-b-hp-am-hp-∂n-√.
(tbip-{In-kvXphpw ..........- t]-Pv- 32¬- \n-∂v- Xp-S¿-®)-
hgn-I-fn -te°v \bn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ DØ-
c hv aptJ\ Ahsc A‘-Im-c-ß-f-n¬
\n∂p Ah≥ {]Im-iØ - n-te°v sIm≠p-
h-cn-Ibpw t\cm-b-]m-X-bn-te°v Ahsc
\bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p''- (5:-15,16).-
3. Rß-fn-te°v Hcp ssZh ZqX≥
h∂n√ F∂v ]d-b-cp-Xv:-
""thZ-°mtc,- ssZh ZqX≥am¿ hcm
sX Hcp CS-thf Ign-™t- ijw \n߃
°v (Im-cy-߃) hnh-cn-®p-X-∂p-sIm≠v
\ΩpsS ZqX≥ CXm \nß-fpsS ASpØv
h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Rß-fpsS ASpØv Hcp
kt¥m-jh - m¿Ø-°m-ct\m Xm°o-Xp-Im-
ct\m h∂n√ F∂v \n߃ ]d-bm-Xn-cn-
°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv. AsX,- \n߃°v
kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw Xm
°oXv \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ Bƒ- (CXm)
h∂p-I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. A√mlp GXp
Imcy-Øn\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\s{X''- (5:-19).-
4. ssZh-]p{X k¶¬]hpw {Xntb-I-
Xzhpw aX-Im-cy-Øn¬ AXncp Ihn-bepw
AcpXv:-
""thZ-°mtc,- \n߃ aX-Im-cy-Øn¬
AXn-cp-I-hn-b-cp-Xv. A√m-lp-hns‚ t]cn
¬ hmkvX-a-√msX \n߃ ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNø-cp-Xv. adv-b-ans‚ aI-\mb ako-lv-
Cukm A√mlphns‚ ZqX-\pw a¿b-an-
2006Un-kw-_¿-
kuμ-cy-sØ-°-pdn-®- ]pcp-j- am-\-Z-
fi-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°Ww F∂ Nn¥
Xs∂ Hcp-hsf Xf¿Øn-°-f-bp-Ibpw
a\- n¬ \nμm-t_m[w Df-hm-°p-Ibpw
sNøpw. Fs‚ Iuam-c-{]mbw apgp-h≥
Rm≥ AXn\v sNe-h-gn-®p. AS-ßmØ
Hcp hni∏vtcmKw t]mse-bmWv AXv.
Aßs\ Fs‚ ssIbn-ep≈Xns\-°m
ƒ A[nIw ]Ww Rm≥ ASpØ "kn≥
U-n {Imt^m¿Uv' Bhm≥th≠n acp-∂p-
Iƒ°pw te]-\-߃°pw th≠n sNe-
h-gn-®p.
kuμ- c y- Ø ns‚ \n¿h- N \w amdn-
s°mt≠-bn-cn-°p∂p; ]´n-Wn-t°mew
t]mse saen-bpI F∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv,
AX√ tami-am-Wv, Atcm-K-Z-r-V-Km-{X-
am-b-Xm-hpI \√-Xm-Wv... £an-°-Ww,
tami- a m- W v . CSp- ß nb \nXw_w...--?
Djm¿!- .....-hf-sc tam-iw!-
te°v Ah≥ C´p-sIm-SpØ Ahs‚
hN-\hpw Ah-¶¬ \n∂p≈ Hcm-flm
hpw am{X-am-Ip-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠v \n߃
A√m-lp-hnepw Ahs‚ ZqX≥am-cnepw
hniz-kn-°p-I.- {XnXzw F∂ hm°v \nß
ƒ ]d-bc - p-Xv. \nß-fpsS \∑-°mbn \nß
ƒ (C-Xn¬\n-∂v) hnc-an-°p-I. A√mlp
GI Bcm-[y≥ am-{X-am-Ip-∂p. X\n°v
Hcp k¥m-\-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pI F∂-Xn¬
\n∂v Ah-s\-s{Xtbm ]cn-ip-≤-\s{X!
BIm-iß - f - n-ep-≈Xpw `qan-bn-ep-≈X
- psa
√mw Ahs‚Xm-Ip-∂p. ssIIm-cy-I¿
Øm-hmbn A√m-lp-X-s∂-a-Xn'-'- (4:-171).-
5. kXyw- a-d-®p-sh-°-cp-Xv;- kXyw
Ak-Xy-hp-ambn Iq´n-I-e¿Ø-cpXv:-
""thZ-°m-tc, \nß-sf-¥n-\mWv A√m-
hns‚ sXfn-hp-I-fn¬ Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂
Xv? \n߃ Xs∂ (A-h-bv°v) km£yw
hln-°p-∂-h-cm-Wt√m!- thZ-°m-tc, \n
ß-sf-¥n-\mWv kXysØ Ak-Xy-hp-am
bn Iq´n-°-e¿Øp-Ibpw Adn-™p-sIm
≠v kXyw ad®psh°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂
Xv? (3:-70,71).-
6. ssZh-h-N-\-ßsf \ntj-[n-°m≥
]mSn√:-
""\_-ntb (]-d-bp-I):- thZ-°mtc,- \n
ß-sf-¥n-\mWv A√m-lp-hns‚ hN-\-
34
amdv s]mXp {]Z¿i-\-Øn\v- sh®-Xp-
sIm≠v kv{XoIƒ°v kaXzw t\Sn-sb-
Sp-°m-\m-hn-√;- Nne Bfp-Iƒ \nßsf
hniz-kn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv t]mse.
CXn-eqsS \Ωƒ kzbw \Ω-sf-Øs∂
D]-t`-m-K-h-kvXp-hm-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-
Xv. {i≤t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ kzbw {]Z¿in-
∏n-t°-≠n-h-cm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Xß-fpsS
icocw Xß-fp-tSXv am{X-amsW∂- Xocp-
am-\sØ ImØpkwc-£n-°m\pw Ign-bp-
tºmƒ am{Xsa bYm¿Y- kaXzw kv{Xo
Iƒ°v e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q.
(\loZv apkv X z^ sSmsdmt≠- m
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬\n∂v cmjv{S-X-{¥-
Ønepw Ncn-{X-Ønepw tlmtW¿kv
_ncp[-w Ic-ÿ-am-°n. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿,
dnb¿k¨ t]mfn-sS-Iv\n°v bqWn-thgv
kn-‰n-bn¬ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ]Tn-°p-∂p)
˛hn-h.- tam-l-\≥- N-t{μm-Øv-
ßsf \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv? \n߃ {]h¿
Øn-°p-∂-Xn-s\√mw A√mlp km£n-
bm-Ip-∂p''- (3:98).-
7. hnip-≤J - p¿B\n¬ hniz-kn-°pI;-
ssZh-I¬]-\-b\pk-cn-®v- PohnXw {Ia-
s∏-Sp-Øp-I:-
""tl,- thZ-{KŸw \¬I-s∏-´-htc!-
\nß-fpsS ]°ep-≈ thZsØ kXy-s∏-
Sp-Øn-s°-m≠v \mw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn¬
\n߃ hniz-kn-°p-hn≥.- \mw Nne apJ-
߃ XpS®p \o°n-bn´v Ahsb ]n≥h-
i-ß-f-n-te°v am‰p-∂-Xn\v apºm-bn. A
s√-¶n¬ i-∫-Øns‚ Bƒ°msc \mw
i]n-®X - p-t]mse \nß-sfbpw i]n-°p∂
-Xn\p apºmbn \n߃ hniz-kn-°p-hn≥.-
A√m-lp-hns‚ I¬]\ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-
°-s∏-Sp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw''- (4:- 47).-
{InkvXp-a-X-°m-tcmSv {InkvXp-hns‚
aX-°m-cmb apkvenwIƒ°v ]d-bm-\p-≈
Xv:-
""(\-_n-tb) ]d-bpI: thZ-°m-tc,
A√m-lp-hnepw (A-h¶ - ¬\n-∂v) R߃
°v Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°s- ∏´ thZ-Øn-epw, apºv
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ thZ-Ønepw R߃
hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xp sIm≠pw
am{X-at√ \n߃ Rßsf Ip‰-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂Xv?''- (5:-59).-
 Cu- h-kv-{X-Øn-\-I-Øv-
Rm≥- kp-c-£n-X-bm-Wv-

Ipd-®p-apºv, tam¨{Snb-ense GXm\pw hnZym¿Yn-\n-Isf

Rm≥ [cn-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ hkv{Xw [cn-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬
kvIqfn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Hcp Ijv-Ww XpWn
CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hnhmZw krjvSn°pw F∂Xv Akm-[m-
[m-c-W-ambn tXm∂p-∂p. Xo¿®-bm-bpw
c-W-ambn tXm∂p-∂p. Xo¿®-bm-bpw Cu {]iv\w Hcp XpWn-
Cu {]iv\w Hcp XpWn-°-jv-W-sØ-°m
°-jv-W-sØ-°mƒ hep-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ temI-Øm-I-am-\-ap≈ ƒ hep-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ temI-Øm-I-am-\-
lnPm_v hkv{Xw kzoI-cn® tImSn-°-W-°n\v apkvenw ap≈ lnPm_v hkv{Xw kzoI-cn® tImSn-
h\n-X-I-fn¬ s]-Sp∂ Hcp apkvenw h\n-X-bmWv. °-W-°n\v apkvenw h\n-X-I-fn¬s]-Sp
∂ Hcp apkvenw h\n-X-bmWv. CXv [cn-
°m≥ hnhn[ coXn-I-fp-≠v. kXy-Øn¬
R߃ sNøp-∂Xv ssIIfpw apJhpw
kp¬Øm\ bpkp-^en,- tNmZn-°m≥ th≠ ss[cyw kw`-cn® Hgn-sI-bp≈ ico-c-`mKw apgp-h≥ ad-bv
sSmsdmt≠m iqc-∑m-cmb hy‡n-Iƒ km[m-cW- b- mbn °pI F∂-Xm-W.v \n߃ [mcmfw P\{]n
tNmZn-°p-∂Xv ""\nß-fpsS c£n-Xm-°ƒ b kn\n-a-Iƒ ImWp∂ Bfm-sW-¶n¬
Hcp \ntj-[n-sb-°p-dn-°p∂ ap≥[m- CØ-c-Øn¬ hkv{Xw [cn-°m≥ \n¿_- apkvenw A¥x-]pc kv{XoI-sf-∏-‰nbpw,
cW F\n°v CW-ßp-sa∂v an°-hmdpw ‘n-°m-dpt≠m?'';- ""\n߃°v CXv icn s_√n-Um≥kv sNøp-∂-h-sc-∏-‰nbpw Nn
tXm∂p-∂n-√. F\n°v {]Xy-£-Øn¬ °pw Hc-\o-Xn-bm-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂nt√?''- ¥n-°p-am-bn-cn-°pw-˛-]p-cp-j-b-P-am-\≥
ImWm-hp∂ ]®-Ip-Ø-ep-I-fn-√, B`-c- Fs∂m-s°-bmWv!- amcpsS kzImcy kt¥m-jß - ƒ°v am{X-
W-Øn-∂m-bp≈ Xpf-°e - p-Iƒ hf-sc-Ip- Ipd-®p-apºv, tam¨{Snb-ense GXm ambn GIm-¥-X-bn¬ Ign-bm≥ hn[n-°-
d-hpw. F\n°v XpI¬- Pm°-‰n-√. kXy- \pw hnZym¿Yn-\n-Isf Rm≥ [cn-°p∂ s∏-´h- ¿. ]t£,- t\-cm-b- CkvemanI ]m-
Øn¬ Fs∂ ImWp-tºmƒ an°-hcpw Xc-Øn-ep≈ hkv{Xw [cn-®X - ns‚ t]cn X-bn¬- \n∂v CXv hfsc AI-se-bm-Wv.
BZyw Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ ¬ kvIqfn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-°p-I-bp-≠m- s]mXp-hm-bp≈ hnizm-kß - ƒ°v hncp≤
kv{XoXzw F∂m-bn-cn-°pw. bn. Hcp IjvW - w XpWn CØ-cØ - n-ep≈ -amb Cu lnPm_v hkv{X-[m-c-W-sa∂
Fs‚ hkv{X-[m-cW coXn-sb-∏‰n Hcp hnhmZw krjvSn°pw F∂Xv Akm- Bi-bw, Xo¿®-bmbpw kv{Xoim-‡o-I-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 35
c-W-Øns‚ G‰hpw auen-I-amb XØ-z-
ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. Rm≥ Fs∂ ]q¿Wam
bn ad-b°v p-tºmƒ, P\-߃ Rm≥ GXp
-X-c-°m-cn-bmWv F∂v Fs‚ thj-hn[m
\w t\m°n hn[n-]-d-bp-∂Xv XnI®pw A
km-[y-am-°-p-∂p. Fs‚ BI¿j-Wo-b-
X-tbm, AXns‚ A`m-htam t\m°n F
s∂ C\w Xncn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√.
Cu Imcyw C∂sØ kmaq-ly-Po-hn-Xhp-
ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I. \Ωƒ \nc-¥c-
ambn At\ym\yw \ΩpsS hkv{Xw, B`-
c-Ww, apSn, _mly-tamSn F∂n-hsb
ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hne-bn-cp-Øp-I-bm-Wv.
CØ- c - Ø n- e p≈ Hcp temI- Ø n¬
GXp Xc-Øn-ep≈ Kl-\X - b
- m-Wv D≠m-
IpI?
icn-bm-Wv, F\n°v Hcp ico-c-ap-≠v.
Cu `qan-bnse `uXn-I-amb Hcp Bhnjv
Ir-X-cq-]w. ]t£,- AXv [nj-Wm-i-‡n-
bp≈ Hcp a\- n-s\-bpw, i‡-amb Hcp
Bflm-hn-s\bpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. AXv
ImgvN°- m-c\v Ima-tØmsS t\m°m-t\m,
_nb¿ apX¬ Im¿h-sc-bp-≈h - b- psS ]c
kyØn\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈tXm
A√. ]t£,- \Ωƒ Pohn-°p∂ temI-
Ønse D]-cn-Xe kv]¿iX ˛ AKm-[X-
bn-√m-bva˛- _
- m-ly-tam-Sn-Iƒ°v hf-sc-b[n
Iw {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Hcp
hy‡n-bpsS aqeyw H∂pw-Xs∂ Cs√
∂p-h-cp-∂p. C∂sØ kaq-l-Øn¬ kv
{Xo kz-X{- ¥-bmWv F∂p-≈Xv Hcp sI´p-
I-Y-bm-Wv. Xs‚ ico-c-Øns‚ kIe`m
h-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-SmsX ]pdØn
dßn \S-°m≥ ]‰mØ kml-Nc - y-Øn¬
F¥p-Xcw kzmX{¥yamWv kv{Xo°p-
≠m°pI? Rm≥ lnPm_v [cn-°p-tºm
ƒ CXn¬\n-s∂√mw kwc-£n-°s - ∏Sp∂p.
Bcpw Fs‚ t\sc t\m°p-∂n-s√-∂pw,
Fs‚ ]mhm-S-bpsS Cd°w t\m°n F
s‚ kz`m-hsØ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂n-s√
∂pw F\n-°p-d∏ - m-°mw. F-\n-°pw- Fs∂
apX-se-Sp-°p-hm≥- B-in-°p-∂h - c - p-sSbpw
CS-bn¬ Hcp aXn¬s°´v D≠v. Rm≥
BZy-ambpw G‰hpw {][m-\-ambpw Hcp
a\p-jy-Po-hn-bm-Wv˛ GsXmcp ]pcp-j\pw
Xpey-bpw. Fs‚ kvss{XWX Imc-W-
ambn Rm≥ ]oU-n-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-an-√.
\ΩpsS ImesØ G‰hpw ZpxJ-I-c-amb
kXy-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv kv{Xoku-μcyw
F∂ sI´p-I-Ybpw Ahƒ kzbw Fß
2006Un-kw-_¿-
s\ Icp-Xp∂p F∂Xpw.- Iuam-c-°m¿
°p th≠n-bp≈ P\-{]ob {]kn-≤o-I-c-
W-߃ hmbn-®m¬, imco-cnI {]Xo-I-
ß-fn¬ GXmWv icn,- GXmWv sX‰v F
∂v s]s´-∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. \n
߃°v sX‰mb ico-c-L-S-\-bmWv D≈-
sX-¶n¬, \n߃ AXv am‰m≥ {ian-°pw.
Ct√? Fs¥m-s°-bm-bmepw AanXhÆ-
ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ kpμ-cn-bm-bn-cn-°m
≥ Ign-bn-√.
GXp ]c-kyhpw t\m°q. Hcp¬]-∂-
Øns‚ hn]-W-\-Øn-\mbn Hcp kv{Xo
D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂pthm? Ahƒ°v
F{X hb- p≠v? Ahƒ- F-{X-am{Xw
kpμcnbmWv? F¥mWv Ahƒ [cn-®n-
cn-°p-∂-Xv?
an° Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw B kv{Xo 20
hb- n¬ Xmsg {]mb-ap-≈-h-fpw, icm-
icn-bm-Wv, F\n°v Hcp ico-c-ap-≠v. Cu `qan-bnse `uXn-I-
amb Hcp BhnjvIr-X-cq-]w. ]t£,- AXv [nj-Wm-i-‡n-
bp≈ Hcp a\- n-s\-bpw, i‡-amb Hcp Bflm-hn-s\bpw
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. AXv ImgvN-°m-c\v Ima-tØmsS t\m°m-
t\m, _nb¿ apX¬ Im¿h-sc-bp-≈-h-bpsS ]ckyØn\mbn
D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-≈tXm A√.
icn kv{Xosb-°mƒ s]m°-ap-≈-h-fpw,
saen-™n-cn-°p-∂-h-fpw, BI¿j-I-Xz-ap-
≈-h-fpw, Aev] hkv{X-[m-cn-Wn-bp-am-bn-
cn°pw.- \Ωƒ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv C°m-
cy-߃ \sΩ kzm[o-\n-°m\pw \nb-{¥n-
°m\pw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv? C-∂-sØ-
kv{Xo Hcp hm¿∏v aqi-bn-te°v _e-ambn
Ib-‰-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- Ahƒ kzbw hn¬
°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-Xb - m-hp-Ib- m-Wv.- Xs∂-
∏-‰n-bp≈ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ hn´phogvN sN
øm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib
- m-W.v CXp Imc-
W-amWv 13 hb v {]mb-ap≈ s]¨Ip-
´n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS sXm≠-bn¬ hnc¬ Xm
gvØp-∂-Xpw AanX hÆ-ap≈ Iuam-c-
{]m-b-°m¿ Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂-Xpw.
P\-߃ Ft∂mSv \n߃ ]oU-n-X-bm
tWm F∂p tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ kXy-k-
‘-X-tbmsS Rm≥ A√ F∂v ]d-bpw.
Rm≥ Cu Xocp-am\saSp-ØXv kz¥w
C—m-i‡n D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv.- Fs∂ a‰p-
≈-h¿ \nco-£n-°p-∂-Xns\ F\n°v
36
\nb-{¥n-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂ Imcyw Rm
≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. kv{XoIsf D]-t`m-K-
h-kvXp-°-fm-°p∂ ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw
]cn-jvIrX thj-hn-[m-\ß
- f- p-sS-bpw Nm
©m-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ tZ-me-I-Øns‚
bpw- XS-hn¬\n∂v Rm≥ kzbw tamNn-
∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂-Xnepw B¿°pw H
∂pw t\m°m≥ \¬Ip-∂n√ F∂-Xnepw
Rm≥ BÀm-Zn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ icocw F
s‚ kz¥w Imcy-am-Wv. B¿°pw Rm≥
Fßs\ thjw [cn-°-W-sa-t∂m, Rm
≥ kpμ-cn-bmtWm A√tbm Ft∂m ]d-
bm≥ Ign-bn-√. Rm≥ F∂Xv CXn-s\-
°mƒ Hs° A[n-Ia - mWv F∂v F\n°v
Adnbmw. Fs‚ kvss{XWX ASn-®-a¿
Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂nt√ F∂
tNmZy-Øn\v bmsXmcp hnj-ah - p-an-√msX
C√ F∂v ]d-bm≥ F\n°v Ign-bpw. F
s‚ kv{XoXz-Øns‚ \nb-{¥Ww F\n
°v Xs∂-bm-Wv.
Fs‚ N¿a-Øn\v tbmPn-°p∂ \nd-
ap≈ en]-vÃn°v sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂X - n¬
\n∂pw ico-c-`mcw Ipd-bv°p-Itbm Iq´p-
Itbm sNøm≥ {ian-°pI F∂ hn[n-
bn¬\n∂pw Rm≥ tamNn-X-bmWv F∂
ImcyØn¬ Rm≥ \μn-bp-≈-h-fm-Wv.
Fs‚ ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ F¥mWv F∂
Imcy-Øn¬ Rm≥ Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-
Øn-cn-°p-∂p. ta¬]-d-™h Ah-bn¬
s]-Sp-∂n-√.
AXp-sIm≠v ASpØ XhW Fs∂-
Im-Wp-tºmƒ kl-Xm-]t- ØmsS Fs∂
t\m°-cp-Xv. Rm≥ XS-¶e
- n-e√
- . Atd-_n-
b≥ acp-`q-an-bnse A]-cn-jvIr-X-bmb,
]pcp-js\ Bcm-[n-°p∂ ASn-akv-{Xo-
tbm A√;- Rm≥ tamNn-X-bm-Wv.
(kp¯m\ bpkp-^e
- n (17)- sSmsdm
¨tSmbnse Hcp sslkvIqƒ hnZym¿Yn-
\n-bm-Wv).-
 _lp-`m-cyXzw
hnhn-[- a-XZ¿i-\-ß-fn¬

ss__nfpw {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v H∂ne-[nIw `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. A{_-lm-an\v kmd, lmKm-¿ F∂o
`mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C{k-tb¬ tKm{X-]n-Xm-hmb bmt°m-
_n\v \mep `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k¶o¿Ø\ I¿Øm-hmb
Zmhq-Zn\v At\Iw `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

im-lp¬ hmSm-\-∏≈n Ip-´n-Isf ]cn-[n-bn-√msX `mcy-am-cm-°m Ign-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Gsd \√Xv''

"_lp-`m-cy-Xzw'- F-∂v- tIƒ°p-tºm
ƒ Xs∂ AXv apkvenwIfpsS CS-bn¬-
am-{X-a-p≈ Hcp k{º-Zm-b-am-sW-∂mWv
]-ec- p-sS-bpw- [mc-W. F∂m¬ bmYm¿Yyw
A-ß-s\-b-√.- a\p-jy-tem-I-Øn-\m-I-am-
\-ambn Ah-Xo¿-W-am-b- hnip-≤-Jp¿-B
≥ _lp-`mcyXzsØ-]‰n {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-
≠v. {]hm-N-Is‚ ImeØv Atd-_ybn
epw a‰pw ASna°-®h - S- hpw A\n-b{- ¥nX-
amb _lp-`m-cy-Xz-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B
A\n-b{- ¥nX hnhm-lØ - n\v \nb-{¥Ww
sIm≠p-h-∂Xv hnip-≤-Jp¿B\m-Wv.
Jp¿B\nI hnj-bØ - n-te°v \ap°v aS-
ßnh-cmw. AXn\vapºv F¥m-Wv, Fhn
sS-sb-√m-am-Wv, Fß-s\-bmWv _lp-`m-
cyXzw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv;- C∂v AXv GXv
hn`m-K-Øn¬, Fß-s\, F{X-am-{X-ap≠v
F∂pw hni-I-e\w sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
]pcm-X\ tdmanepw ssN\-bnepw B
kvt{X-en-b-bnepw CuPn-]vXn-epw Atd
_y-bnepw C¥y-bn-epw B{^n-°≥˛ bq
tdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fnepw _lp-`mcyXzw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Bkvt{X-en-b-bn¬ cmPm-
°∑mcpw D∂-Xcpw kpμ-cn-If - mb s]¨
≥ a’-cn-®n-cp-∂p-hs{X! AXn-\m¬ X
s∂ bphm-°ƒ°v hnhmlw Ign-°m≥
s]¨Ip-´n-Isf e`n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ]n
Xm-hns‚ Ime-tijw kz¥w ]nXm-hn
s‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ s]¨Ip-´n-I
sf hnhmlw sNtø-≠n-h-∂n-cp-∂p-t]m-
epw. knw_m-thm-bnse tamtWm-tUmthm
cmPm-°∑ - m¿°v apΔm-bncw `mcy-amcp-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p-h-s{X. ssktc-bnse h¿K-Xe-
h-∑m¿°v FÆ-a‰ `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ss__nfpw {]hm-NI - ∑ - m¿°v H∂ne-
[nIw `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-
∂p-≠v. A{_-lm-an\v kmd, lmKm-¿ F
∂o `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C{k-tb¬
tKm{X-]n-Xm-hmb bmt°m-_n\v \mep `m
cy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k¶o¿Ø\ I¿Øm-
hmb Zmhq-Zn\v At\Iw `mcy-am-cp-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. tkmf-a≥ cmPm-hn\v Fgp-\q-dp
-`m-cy-am-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw ss__nƒ
]d-bp-∂p. AYhm ]g-b-\n-b-a-Im-eØv
_lp-`m-cyXzw k¿h-km[m-c-W-bm-bn-cp-
∂p-sh-∂¿Y-w!-
F∂m¬ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ Ah-
Im-in-I-fmb {InkvXy-m-\n-Iƒ°v hnhm
lw Xs∂ thW-sa-∂n-√s - {X. ""hnhmlw
(1 sImcn-¥y¿ 7:38).- Cßs\ ss__nƒ
]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw _lp-`m-cy-Xz-hpw
hnhm-l-tam-N-\hpw {InkvXy-m-\n-I-fn¬
km[m-cW - b - m-W.v bqtdm-∏nepw Atacn°-
bnepw hnhm-l-tam-N\w j¿´v Ducp∂
emL-h-tØm-sSbm-Wv.- _lp-`m-cyXzw
ssI]n-Sn-®-h-sc√mw `mcy-am-cp-am-Ip-∂-
hn[hpw-!- F≥sskt¢-m-]o-Unbm Hm^v
{_n´m--\n° ]d-bp-∂p:- ""_lp-`m-cyXzw
a[y-Im-eØv ss{IkvXh k`-bn¬ Aw
Ko-Ic - n-°s- ∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m≠n
s‚ \Sp-hn¬hsc aXhpw cmPyhpw A\p-
h-Zn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-bn-
Øs∂ ]e-bn-Sß - f - nepw AXv \ne-\n∂n-
cp-∂p'' (Vol-XIV-Page. 950).-
lnμp-aX - Ø- nepw _lp-`m-cyXzw D≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. C∂v ]e kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw
Kncn-h¿K-°m-cnepw \ne-hn-ep-≠v. EtKzZ
I
- mew apX¬ Xs∂ _lp-`m-cyXzw D≠m-
bn-cp-∂-Xmbn a\- n-em-°mw. {][m\
tZh-\mb C{μ\v H∂n-e-[nIw `mcy-amcp-
≠m-bn-cn-°W - w. C{μ-]Xv\nam-cn¬ {][m-
\n-bmb C{μm-Wn-bp-sS-Xmbn Hcp kq
‡w X - s∂ EtKz-ZØ - n-ep-≠v. (10-˛11 afi
ew,- 17-˛mw kq‡w) kz-]Xv\n-tbmSv cmPm-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 37
hn-\p≈ t{]aw \in®v X∂n-te°v BI
¿jn-°m-\p≈ a{¥-am-W-Xv. CXn¬\n-∂v
Xs∂ thZ-Im-eØv _lp-`m-cyXzw D≠m-
bn-cn-∂p-sh∂v kv-]-jvS-am-Ipw.
CXn-lm-k-Im-eØpw _lp-`m-cyXzw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn -Im-Wmw-˛-cm-am-b-W-
Ønse \mb-I-\mb {iocm-as‚ ]nXmhv
Zi-c-Y\v Iuk-ey, ssItI-bn, kpan{X
F∂o- `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. alm-`m-c-
X-Ønse \mb-I\mb {ioIr-jvW\v
16008 `mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂psh∂v ]pcm-
W-߃ ]d-bp-∂p. kvarXn-Imeamb-t∏m-
tg°pw AXv PmXo-b-amb ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn- e m- b n- am- d n. {_m“- W \v aq∂pw
£{Xn-b\v c≠pw sshiy\pw- iq-{Z\pw
Hmtcm∂pw ho-Xw- `mcy-am-cm-Im-sa-∂mWv
""bm⁄-h¬IykvarXn''bpsS \nbaw.-
""h¿W- { Iaa\p- k - c n®v {_m“- W \v
aq∂pw £{Xn- b \v c≠pw sshiy\v
H∂pw `mcy-am-cmImw.- iq-{Z\v kzPm-Xn-
bn¬\n∂p am{Xsa hnhmlw ]mSp≈p''-
(bm-⁄-h¬Iy-kvarXn 1:57).-
Cuizc hnizm-ka - n-√m-Øh
- ¿°pw aX-
an-√m-Ø-h¿°pw CØcw \n_-‘-\-I
tfm \nb-a-ßtfm _m[-I-a-√s√m!- hnhm-
lw-Xs∂ Ah-cpsS `mj-bn¬ Hcp kv{Xo
sb kz¥-am-°-em-Ws√m.- AXn-\-h¿°v
Xmev]c - y-hp-an-√. kv{XoI-fp-ambn ssewKn-
I-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-I, AXn\v H∂pw XS-
 -ambnIqSm. kz¥w Hm^okv sk{I-´-
dn- a m- c n- e pw, DtZym- K - ÿ - I - f mb Nn- e -
sIm®-Ω-am-cn-ep-ambn Ah¿ ssewKn
IZmlw Xo¿°p-tºmƒ km[m-cW - °
- m¿
Npcp-ßnb sNe-hn¬ sXcphv thiy-Isf
{]m]n-®-pw ssewKnI Zmlw Xo¿°p-∂p.
Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ hnhm-ln-Xcpw Ahn-
hm-ln-Xcpap-≠v.- At∏mƒ H∂n¬ IqSp-
X¬ kv{XoI-fp-ambn CW-tN-cp-∂-h-cm-
W-[n-Is - a∂v a\- n-em-°mw˛ Cß-s\-bp-
≈-hcmWv Ckve - m- a
- nse \oXnbp‡-amb
_lp-`m-cysØ hna¿in-°p∂ "am\y-
∑m¿'!-
Npcp-°-Øn¬- C∂v Bt£-]n-°p-∂
Xv t]mse Ckvemw _lp-`m-cy-XzsØ
Ib-dq-cn-hn-´n-´n-√. adn®v _lp-`m-cy-Xz-Øn
\v \n_-‘\ - I
- ƒ Npa-Øn-bXpw ISn-™m-
Wn-´Xpw Ckvemam-sW∂ kXyw t_m
[-]q¿hw ad-®p-sh®v- Hcp kap-Zm-bsØ
Bt£-]n-°p-Ibpw A]-am-\n-°p-Ib
Wn-∂v- ]-e-cpw.- CXv a\- n-em-°msX Nn
e ]ptcm-Ka - \ apkvenw\ma-[m-cn-Iƒt]m
epw Ckvemanse _lp-`m-cy-XzsØ
CXn-lm-k-Im-eØpw _lp-`m-cyXzw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn -
ImWmw-˛-cm-am-b-W-Ønse \mb-I-\mb {iocm-as‚ ]nXmhv
Zi-c-Y\v Iuk-ey, ssItI-bn, kpan{X F∂o- `mcy-am-cp-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. alm-`m-c-X-Ønse \mb-\mb {ioIr-jvW\v 16008
`mcy-am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂psh∂v ]pcm-W-߃ ]d-bp-∂p.
A]-e-]-n-°p-∂-XvIm-Wmw. F¥mWv C
kvemw sNbvX-sX∂v a™°-ÆS am‰n-
sh®v t\m°n-bm¬ a\- n-em-Ipw. Ckv
eman\v apºpw Cu k{º-Zmbw D≠m-bn-
cp-∂X - mbn F≥sskt¢m-]o-Unbm Hm^v
{_n´m--\ n° ]d-bp-∂-sX-¶nepw ]ptcm-K-
a-\-_p≤nPohn-I-sf∂v kzbw A`n-am-\n-
°p-∂-h≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-
°pw.
""]ucm-WnI \mK-cnI-Xb - n¬ A[nI
kaq-lß - f- nepw _lp-`m-cy-Xztam sh∏m-
´n-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ k{º-Zm-btam
\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.
\nb-am-\p-kr-Xa - mb `mcy°v ]pdsa A\-
h[n kv{XoIsf sh®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
k{º-Zmbw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ ssN\-bn¬
AXv kZm-Nm-c-Øns\m am\y-Xbv-s°m
hncp-≤-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n√.
sh∏m-´n-amsc D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ k{º-Zm
bw P∏m-\n¬ 1880hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.
]pcm-X\ CuPn-]vXn¬ _lp-`m-cy-Xz-Øn
\v A\p-aXn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw A
Xv k¿h-km[m-c-W-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. cmPm-
°-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ AXv ]X-n-hm-bn-cp∂p-
Xm\pw'' (Vol-XVIII-P. 188).
temINcn-{X-Øn¬ _lp-`m-cy-Xz-
Øn\v H∂mw-ÿm-\-amWv Atd-_y-°p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. apl-ΩZv()-bpsS BK-a-
\-Im-eØv ]-e¿-°pw-- ASn-a-kv{Xo-Iƒ,
Ah¿ `mcy-am-cm-°n-sh® kv{XoIƒ,
Ah¿ thiy-If - m°n _nkn-\ p \S-Øn-
bn-cp∂ kv{XoIƒ,- Cßs\ IW-°n-
√msX- kv{XoI-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- CXn∂v
Ah¿ Ie-l-ßfpw A{I-a-ßfpw bp≤-
ßfpw- hsc \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Cu P\-
XsbbmWv \_n(- ) kwkvI-cn-®-Xv.
At±lw hy`n-Nmcw \ntcm-[n-®p. ASn-
atam-N-\w- ]pWy-I¿-a-am-bn- {]-Jym-]-n-®p.-
- p-am- hnhm-lØ - n\v \nb-{¥Ww G¿s]-Sp-Øn.
kv{XoIƒ°v kzmX-{¥yhpw am\y-Xbpw
\evIn. H∏w A¥- mb Pohn-Xc - o-Xnbpw
Ahsc ]Tn-∏n-®p. IpØ-gn™ B P\-
2006Un-kw-_¿- 38
Xsb hnizm-k-hpw ssZhn-I-in-£-bpw
kz¿Khpw \c-Ihpw ]d™p a\- n-em-
°n-bt- ∏mƒ {]hm-NI - s‚ I¿i\ \n¿tZ-
i-ßfpw \n_-‘-\-Ifpw Ah¿ kzoI-
cn-®p. Ah¿ D∂-X-∑m-cmb hy‡n-Ifpw
am\y-∑m-cmb `¿Øm-°-∑mcpw IpSpw-_-
\m-Y-∑mcpam-bn- am-dn.- kv{XoIƒ am\y-
X-bp≈,- `‡I-f-m-b- `mcyam-cpw- IpSpw-
_n-\nI-fp-w- amXr-Im-a-ln-f-I-fp-am-bn- am-
dn. A\m-Yk - w-c£
- Ww kap-Zm-bØ - ns‚
_m[yXbm°nb Ckvemw AXn-\p≈
t]mwh-gn-Ifpw kq£va-Xbpw ]Tn-∏n-®p.
A\mY kwc£-Wm¿Y-w, Bh-iy-L´-
ß-fn¬ H∂n¬ IqSp-X¬ `mcy-∑msc Nn
e \n_-‘-\-I-tfmsS kzoI-cn-°m-sa∂v
{]Jym-]n®p. Aßs\ FÆ-a‰ kv{XoI
sf `mcy-am-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂h- t- cmSv- H∂p-apX
¬ \mep-hsc F∂v I-ev]n-®p. ""A\m-Y-
I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \n߃°v \oXn-]m-
en-°m-\m-hn-s√∂v \n߃ `b-s∏-Sp-Ib - m-
sW-¶n¬ \n߃°n-jvS-ap≈ kv{XoI-
fn¬\n∂v ct≠m aqt∂m \mtem t]sc
hnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-I. F∂m¬
\oXn-]p-e¿Øm-\m-hn-s√∂v \n߃ `b-
s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ht∂ ]mSp-≈q'' (Jp¿
B≥- 4˛3).-
\oXnbp‡-amb hn[-Øn¬ am{Xw
BhiyL´-ß-fn¬ H∂n¬ Iq-Sp-X¬
`mcy-amsc;- AXpw \mep-hsc Ckvemw
A\p-hZ- n-°p-∂p. AXns‚ A¿Y-w Aß
s\ \mep-hsc \n¿_-‘-ambn Ign-®n-cn
°Ww F∂-√. ]e kμ¿`-ß-fnepw A
ßs\ Bh-iy-am-tb-°pw. AØcw L´-
ß-fn¬ AXmhmw F∂m-Wv. C∂v Cu
Imcyw Nqj-Ww sNøp-∂-h-cp-s≠∂ k
Xyw \ntj-[n-°p-∂n-√. Aßs\ Nqj
Ww sNøp∂psh-∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp-
k-ap-Zm-b-sØbpw AXns‚ \nb-a-sØ
bpw hna¿in-°p-Itbm Ah-tl-fn-°-I
tbm am‰-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-Itbm sNøm-h-
X-√. hn[hm kwc-£W - t- Øm-sSm∏w A-
\m-Y-I-sfbpw kwc-£nt°-≠n-h-cpw.
 Ckvemanse _lp-`m-cy-XzsØ IÆ-S® - v- FXn¿°pIbpw
Znh-khpw,- ssI]nSn-®-h-scsb-ms° "`mcy' F∂ \n-e-bn¬-
sIm≠p\S-°pI-bpw- sN-øp-∂ hna¿i-I¿°v DNn-X-amb Hcp
-]-cn-lmcw \n¿tZ-in-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. bp-‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw
\nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw Ckv-emw- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-∂- A\p-I-ºm-
]-c-amb kao-]\w kv{XoI-tfm-Sn-√.
AXn\v A\m-YI - f- psS amXm-°s - f hnhm
lw sNtø≠ kμ¿`-ap-≠m-hmw. Aß
s\ Ahsc samØ-Øn¬ kwc-£n-°-
Ww. bp≤-ß-fn¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂Xv an°-
hmdpw bphm-°-fm-bn-cn-°pw. Ah-cpsS
`mcyam¿ bph-Xn-I-fmb hn[-h-I-fm-Ipw.
Aßs\ `£-Whpw a‰p kwc-£-W
hpw am{Xw t]-mcm-sX- h-cpw. Ah-cpsS
imco-cn-I-amb B-h-iy-ß-fpw- ]cn-l-cn-
t°-≠n- h-cpw. As√-¶n¬ AX-hsc A-
[m¿a-nIXbnte°v X≈n-hn-Sp-w. {Ita-W-
Ahfpw Ip™pßfpw F√m-h-cmepw
shdp-°-s∏-´-h-c-pw klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-
߃ e`n-°msX IjvSs - ∏-Sp-∂h
- c- p-am-tb-
°mw. Cu kml-Nc - y-߃ IqSn Ckvemw
apJy-am-bn- Im-Wp-∂p. CØcw kμ¿`ß-
fn¬ k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ A¥ pw sI´p-d
∏pw AwK-ß-fpsS Po-hn-X-hpw- `-{Z-am-°p-
hm≥- C-kv-emw- Pm-{K-X- ]m-en-°p-∂p-≠v.-
AXp-sIm≠v A\m-Y-Iƒ Cs√-¶nepw
a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb \∑bpw kZm-Nm-chpw
\ne-\n¿Øp-hm-\mbn Nne {]tXyI km
l-N-cy-Øn¬ H∂n¬Iq-Sp-X¬ hnhmlw
Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu B\p-
Iqeyw Bsc-¶nepw NpjWw sNøp-∂p-
s≠-¶n¬ kap-ZmbwXs∂ AXns\ \nb-
{¥n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
Ckvemans‚ Zo¿L-ho-£-W-am-Wn-
hnsS \mw ImWp-∂X - v. bp≤w-aqew A\m-
Y-Ifpw hn[-hI - f - p-ap-≠m-hmw. Ah-sc- hn
hmlw sNbvXm¬ ]pcp-j-∑m¿ C√m-sX
h-cmw-. Cß-s\-bp≈ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ F
Æ-a‰ kv{XoIƒ `¿Øm-°-∑m-sc -th-W-
sa-∂v ]d™v apd-hn-fn-Iq-´n-bXv \mw tem
I-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn\v tijw P¿a\n-bn¬
Xs∂ ImWp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. Cß-s\-bp≈
Ah-ÿ-bn¬ CØcw kv{XoIsf hy`n-
Nm-c-Øn-\-b-°m≥ aXw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-
X-√. Nne kv{XoIƒ h‘y-I-fm-hmw. C
hsc hnhm-l-tam-N\w \SØn as‰m-cp-
hsf hnhmlw sNøm-sa-¶nepw Ahsc
Aßs\ A\m-Y-cm°n Hgn-hm-°p-hm≥
Ckvemw \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂n-√. adn®v- Ah-
2006Un-kw-_¿-
sc-°-qSn kvt\l-]q¿h-w `mcy-a-mcm-bn
\ne-\n-¿Øn kwc-£n-®p-sIm≠v- as‰m-cp-
hsf hnhmlw sNøm-\mWv C-kv-em-an-
s≥-d- am-\-hn-I-am-b- \n¿tZ-iw.-
hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-I-fm-bn,- kwc-£-I-
cn-√m-sX, ssewKn-IZ- mlw Xo¿°m≥ Ign-
bm-sX, A\y-cpsS apºn¬ bm-Nn-®pw-
hy`n-NmcØn-te¿-s]-´pw- Po-hn-Xw- \-in-
∏n-°p-∂X - n-s\-°mƒ- \-√X
- v- `¿Øm-hns‚
BZy-`m-cy-bm-bn-Ø-s∂ Ign-bemWv- A-
\p-Kp-W-sa-∂v- ]-d-™-dn-bn-t°-≠-X-n-√.-
A-hƒ-°v- Xpey-]-cn-K-W-\ e-`n-°pw.- kz
Øh-Im-ihp-ap-≠v.- F∂m¬ Ckveman
se _lp-`m-cy-XzsØ IÆ-S® - -v FXn¿°p
-Ibpw Znh-khpw,- ssI]nSn-®-h-scsb-m
s° "`mcy' F∂ \n-e-bn¬- sIm≠p\S-
°p∂ hna¿i-I¿°v DNn-X-amb Hcp-]-cn-
lmcw \n¿tZ-in-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. bp-
‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw \nco-iz-ch - m-Zn-Iƒ°pw
CØcw A\p-I-ºm-]-c-amb kao-]\w
kv{XoI-tfm-Sn-√. Ah¿°v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv
CjvSa - p≈ as‰m-cp-hsf sXc-s™-Sp-°p-
I. D]-Im-chpw D]-tbm-Khpan√m-Øh - sf
s]≥j≥ \¬In ]d-™-b°pI F∂-
Xm-bn-cn-°pw. ]mhw kv{XoI-fpsS Ip‰w-
sIm-≠-√msX Nm]n-≈sb {]k-hn-®-Xn-
\pw s]¨Ip-´n-Isfam{Xw {]k-hn-®-Xn
\pw h‘y-XIm-c-W-am-bpw- Dt]-£n®v a
s‰m-cp-hsf hnhmlw sNø-Ws - a∂v ip]m
¿i sNøp∂ \nb-a-ß-fp-≈Xv- C-kv-em-
an-e-s√-∂-Xv- Ckveman-s\- am{Xw a™-
°-Æ-S-sIm≠v- t\m°n-°-m-Wp∂ _p≤n
Pohn-Is - f∂v kzbw Icp-Xp-∂h - ¿ ImWm
sX t]mIp-Itbm I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-°p-
Itbm BWv sNøp-∂-Xv. a\p-kvar-Xn-
bn¬ Cß-s\- Im-Wmw. ""h‘ybmb-
`mcysb Ggp-h¿jw Ign-™pw, Nm]n-
≈sb {]k-hn-°p-∂-hsf ]Øv h¿jw
Ign™pw s]Æns\ am {Xw {]k-hn-°p-
∂-hsf ]Xn-s\m∂v h¿jw Ign™pw
A{]nbw ]d-bp-∂-hsf DS-s\bpw Dt]-
£n®v thsd hnhmlw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.
Cu kv{XoIƒ°v kt¥m-j-Øn-\mbn
39
bmsXm∂pw sImSp- t °- ≠ - X n- √ '' (a-
\pkvarXn 9:81).- _p≤n-Po-hn-bmb _¿
{S≥Uv d ¬ ]d™p:- ""k¥m-\-ß-fn-
√mØ sshhm-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ccp-
Iq-´cpw \∂mbn s]cp-am-dp-hm≥ ]c-am-
h[n ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂p-s≠∂v- hcp-I-nepw
hnhm-l-tam-N\w Xs∂-bmWv G‰hpw
\√ ]cn-lm-cw'' (The Marriage and
Morals P. 96).-
_lp`mcyXzw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW-∂m
Wv C∂sØ IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv. IqSp-Xepw P\n-°p-∂Xv s]¨Ip-
´n-I-fm-Wv. \ntcm-[-\-ap-≠m-bn´pw s]¨
{`q-W-l-Xy- c-l-kyam-b-pw ]c-ky-ambpw
\S-Øn-bn´pw Ipd-hn-√. Bbncw B¨Ip-
´n-Iƒ°v 1110 s]¨Ip-´n-If - mWv P\n-°p-
∂-Xv. Ign-™-Ime k¿sh-I-fnepw kv
{XoI-fmWv A[n-I-hpw. _lp-`m-cyXzw
A\p-h-Zn® apkvenwI-sf-°mƒ _lp-`m
cyXzw Im-Wm-hp-∂-Xv- lnμp-°-fn-e-m-sW
∂v k¿sh-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. bp≤-
Øn¬ acn-°p-∂Xv A[n-Ihpw ]pcp-j-
∑m-cm-Wv. Ign™ Cdm≥˛ CdmJv bp≤-
Øn¬ am{Xw F´p-e£w ]pcp-j-∑m¿
sIm√-s∏-Sp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. e£-°W - ° - n¬
kv{XoIƒ hn[-h-Ifm-bn.- c≠mw temI
alm- b p- ≤ - Ø n¬ P¿a- \ n- b n¬ am{Xw
Aº-Xv e£w ]pcp-j-∑m¿ sIm√-s∏-´p.-
A-h-km\w Hmtcm hoSp-I-fpsS apºnepw
CW-Isf tXSn kv{XoIƒ _m\-dp-Iƒ
Xq°n. "Wanted an Evening Guest'-
(kmbm”m-Xn-Ynsb Bh-iy-ap-≠v).- 1948-
˛¬ ayq-Wn-°n¬ tN¿∂ temI-bp-hP-\-
kw-L-S\ P¿a-\n-bpsS {]iv\-Øn\v
_lp-`m-cyXzw A\p-h-Zn-°-emWv DNn-X-
sa∂v k¿°m-cns\ D]-tZ-in-°p-Ib - p-≠m-
bn. ChnsS \ap°v Nn¥n-°m-\p-≈Xv
bph-P\ kwL-S-\-bpsS A`n-{]mbw
am\- h n- I hpw Jp¿B\ns‚ tIhew
A\p-hmZw B]-cn-jvIr-Xhpw kv{XoI-
tfm-Sp≈ A\o-Xn-bp-am-Ip-∂Xv Fßs\
F∂-Xm-Wv. A‘-amb CkvemanI hn
tcm-[hpw shdp∏pw F∂ Akp-J-Øn\v
NnIn’ XnI®pw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Adn
hpw \oXn-bp-‡-amb kao-]-\-hp-am-Wv.
Ckvemanse _lp-`m-cy-Xz-sØ-∏‰ - n apkv
enw kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw adp-
]Sn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. C\n
H∂v Dds° Nn¥n°pI, _lp-`m-cyXzw
Xo-sc- -]m-Sn-s√∂v ]d-bp-∂-h¿ adp-]Sn
]d-b-s´, hnhm-l-tam-N\amtWm, hy`n-
Nm- c - a m- t Wm, AtXm _lp- ` m- c y- X z-
amtWm GXmWv A`n-Imayw?
 Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-

?
hm-fp-sIm-t≠m- B-i-b- {]-N-c-Ww- sIm-t≠m?-
hm-fp-sIm-≠-√- -\-_n-bpw- k-Jm-°-fpw- A-td-_y- Io-g-S-°n-b-sX-∂pw- B-ib- {]-N-c-Ww-sIm-≠v- am-{X-am-sW-∂pw- \n-߃-
{]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.- J-eo-^-am¿-°pw- ap-kv-enw- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°pw- G-jy,- bq-tdm-∏v,- B-{^n-°- F-∂o h≥-I-c-Iƒ-
Io-g-S-°p-hm≥- I-gn-™-Xpw- hm-fp-sIm-≠-s√-∂- \p-W- A-Xn-k-a¿-Y-am-bn- \n-߃- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.- F-∂m¬- tem-Iw- X-s-∂-
C-kv-em-an-s\- X-≈n-b-Xv- A-Xn¬- Im-e-l-c-W-s∏-´- tKm-{X-\n-b-a-ß-fpw- ^yq-U¬- hy-h-kv-Yn-Xn-bpw D-≈-X-p-sIm-≠-t√?- \-_n-°v-
ti-jw- 1400 sIm-√-߃- {]-t_m-[-\w- \-S-Øn-bn-´pw- ]-g-b-Xp-t]m-se- P-\-ßf-n¬- G-im-Ø-sX-¥m-Wv?- -
˛ sI.- _m-e-I-r-j-vW≥,- ]p¬-]-‰.-

D-Øc - w-:- hm-fS- °

- a
- p-≈- B-bp-[ß - ƒ-
i-‡-am-bpw- k-a¿-Y-am-bpw- {]-tbm-Kn-°p-
hm≥- {]m-ho-Wy-ap-≈- H-t´-sd- tKm-{X-Øe-
h-∑m-cp-w- \m-Sp-hm-gn-I-fpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \_n
()-°v- ap-ºpw- ti-j-hpw- A-td-_y-bn¬-
D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- A-e-Iv-km-≠-dpw- s\-_p-
°-Uv- \-k-dpw- s\-t∏m-fn-b-\pw- ln-‰v-e-dpw-
kv‰- m-en-\pw- Dƒ-s]-sS- km-bp-[- i-‡n-bpw-
ssk-\n-I_ - e- h- pw- sIm-≠v- `q-{]-tZ-iß
- ƒ
sh-´n-∏n-Sn-°p-I-bp-w- A-S-°n- hm-gp-I-bpw-
sN-bvX - - F-{X-tbm- D-{K-{]-Xm-]n-Isf- am\-
h-N-cn-{Xw- I-≠n-´p-≠v.- ]-t£,- Cu- Iq-´-
Øn-em¿-°pw- C-∂v- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hn-X-N-
cy-I-sf hn-izm-k-]q¿-hw- ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂- A-
\p-bm-bn-I-f-n-√.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS-
Po-hn-X-am-Xr-I- ]q¿-W-a-\-t -m-sS- ]n-¥p-
S-cp-∂- tIm-Sn-°-W-°n-em-fp-I-fm-Wv- C-∂v-
2006Un-kw-_¿-
hn-hn-[- `q-Jfi - ß
- f- n-ep-≈X- v.- d-jy-bn-epw-
ssN-\-bn-epw- t]m-epw -se-\n-s‚--b-pw- am
thm-bp-sS-bpw- Po-hn-X- am-Xr-I- ]n-¥p-S-cp-
∂-h-sc-°m-tf-sd- -ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-
sS- hm-°p-If - w- {]-hr-Øn-If - pw- A-\p-[mh-
\w- sN-øp-∂- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-≠v.- _p-jpw-
I-q-´p-Im-cpw- C-kv-em-an-s\- `o-I-c-X-bp-sS-
]-cy-m-b-am-bn- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
tºm-gpw- bp.-Fk - n¬- Hm-tcm- h¿-jh - pw- B-
bn-c-°-W-°n-emf-p-Iƒ- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- C-kv-
emw- B-t«-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.- C-
sXm-s°- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-w- Iq-´p-Im-
cpw- hmƒ-ho-in-b-Xp-sIm-≠v- am-{Xw- D-≠m-
b-Xm-sW-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- Nn-√-d- hn-h-c-t°-
sSm-∂pw- t]m-cm.-
ap-lΩ- Z- v- \-_n-()-tbm- J-eo-^a - m-tcm-
bp-≤w- sN-bv-Xn-´n-s√-∂v- ap-kv-enw-I-fm-cpw-
40
]-d-bp-∂n-√.-- B- bp-≤-sam-∂pw- P-\-ß-fp-
sS- ta-¬ a-Xw- A-Sn-t®¬-]n-°m≥- th-≠n-
bm-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂m-Wv- bm-Ym¿-Yy- t_m-[-
ap-≈-- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- a-\p-jy-
cp-sS- D-≈n¬- cq-V-aq-e-am-tI-≠- Im-cy-am-
Wv- hn-izm-kw.- A-Xv- sh-´pw- Ip-Øpw- sIm-
≠v- D-≠m-°m≥- ]-‰p-∂X - √
- .- C-kve
- m-an-s\-
bpw- ap-kv-enw-I-sf-bpw- C-∑q-e-\- `o-j-Wn
bn¬- \n-∂v- ]q¿-W- kp-c-£n-X-am-°m≥-
th-≠n-bm-Wv- ap-lΩ - Z- v- \-_n-()-bp-w- Jeo-
^-am-cpw- bp-Z-v[w- sN-bv-X-Xv.- B-Z¿-i-k-
aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-Xn-Po-h-\-Øn-\p- th-≠n-
a-Zo-\-bn-se- ap-kv-enw- k-aq-lw- t]m-cm-Sn-
bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬- tdm-a≥-˛ t]¿-jy≥- km-
{am-Py-ß-fpw- A-h-tcm-Sv- k-l-I-cn-°m≥-
X-bm-dp-≈- k-I-e- i-{Xp-°-fpw- tN¿-∂v-
A-hs - c- D-∑q-e\
- w- sN-øp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v-
A-td-_y-bp-sS- N-cn-{X-a-dn-bm-hp-∂- B¿-
°pw- \n-co-£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
tem-I-scm-s°- C-kv-emw- kzo-I-cn-°-
W-sa-∂v- A-√m-lp-thm- ap-lΩ - Z- v- \-_n-()-
tbm- ]-d-™n-´n-√.- ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fn¬-
X-s∂- `q-cn-]-£w- _-l-p-ssZ-h-hn-i-zm-kn-
I-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-Wv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-
\n¬- (12:-106)- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-Xv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
\-_n-()tbm-Sv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- A-
√m-lp- ]-db - p-∂X- v- C-{]-Im-ca - m-Wv:"- "F-∂m
¬- \o- A-Xn-bm-bn- B-{K-ln-®m-epw- a-\p-
jycn-¬- A-[n-It- ]-cpw- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂h
√
- ''- (12:- 103).- A-Xn- \
- m¬- k¬-_p-≤n-bp≈
-h-cpw- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- A-\p-{K-lw- e`n
°p-∂-h-cp-am-b- B-fp-Iƒ-°v- F-°m-e-
Øpw- kz-o-Im-cy-a-m-Ip-∂- B-Z¿-iw- F-∂-
\n-e-bn-em-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-w- in-
jy-∑m-cpw- ssZ-hn-Ia - X
- w- {]-t_m-[\
bvX- X- v.- B- {]-t_m-[\ - Ø- n-s≥-d- ss\-c¥ Iƒ- a-\-km- hm-Nm- I¿-a-Wm- kzo-I-cn-®p-
-cyw- sIm-≠v- i-X-tIm-Sn-°-W-°n-¬- a-\p- t]-mc- p-∂p-≠v.- ssZ-hn-I- a-XØ - n-se- \n-ba-
jy¿- I-gn-™- ]-Xn-\m-ev- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°n- ߃- G-sX-¶n-epw- tKm-{X-Ø-e-h-t∂m-
S-bn¬- C-kv-emw- kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.- ap-°-m- \m-Sp-hm-gn-t°m- th-≠n-bp-≈X - √ - .- - ]-®a- \p-
¬- \q-‰m-≠p-sIm-≠v- tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wnb jy-cp-sS- C-l-tem-I- t£-a-Øn-\pw- ]-c-
≥- I-ayq-Wn-kw- F-∂- A-{]m-tbm-Kn-I- {] tem-I- tam-£-Øn-\pw- th-≠-n-bp-≈Xm
Xy-b-im-kv-{X-sØ- h-en-s®-dn-™p.- ssN- Wv.- ]-gb- - Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤° - m-cp-sS-bpw- Xm¿-
\- ap-t∂-dp-∂X - v- tk-jy-en-kØ - n-s≥-d- apc- Øm-cn-If - p-sS-bpw- tkm-hn-b‰ - v- bq-Wn-bs - ≥
Sn-®- km-º-Øn-I- cw-K-Øv- "{]-tXy-I- km- d-bpw- sIm-tfm-Wn-be - n-k‰v- p-If - p-sS-bpw- A
º-Øn-I- ta-J-e-Iƒ'- F-∂- t]-cn¬- ap-X- `n-\-h- I-p-cn-ip-bp-≤-°m-cp-sS-bpw- A-Xyp-
em-fn-Ø-Øn-s≥-d- A-t\-Iw- ]-®-Øp-cp- {K-am-b- B-{I-a-W-ß-sf- A-Xn-Po-hn-®p-
- c Øp-Iƒ- kvY - m-]n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv.- F-∂m¬- sIm-≠v- C-kv-emw- F-∂- I-e¿-∏n-√m-Ø-
k-º-Øv- ap-gp-h≥- tem-I-c-£n-Xm-hn-s≥d- G-I-ssZ-h- a-Xw- k-I-e- h≥-I-c-I-fn-epw-
Xm-sW-∂pw- A-h-s≥-d- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ- \n-e\ - n¬-°p-∂p-≠v.- \m-sf-bpw- A-Xv- \ne-
°v- A-\p-cq-]a - m-bn- am-{X-sa- a-\p-jy¿- GXv- \n¬-°p-I- X-s∂- sN-øpw;- k-Xy- \n-tj[n-
km-ºØ - n-I- h-yh - l
- m-ch- pw- \-SØ
- m≥- ]m- Iƒ- A-Xn-s\- X-I¿-°m-\pw- tX-tPm-h-[w-
Sp-≈q- F-∂p-ap-≈- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-[ym- sN-øm-\pw- F-s¥m-s°- {i-aß - ƒ- \-SØ - n-
- w- sN- ]-\w- tIm-Sn-°-W-°n¬- k-Xy-hnizm-kn- bm-epw.-

Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
\-_n-()-bp-≤w- sN-bv-X-Xv- \m-Sp-hm-gn-Øw- ]p-\-x-ÿm-]n-°m-\-t√?-

?
d-jy-bn¬- kv-‰m-en-s≥-d- G-Im-[n-]-Xy- I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v hm-gv-N-s°-Xn-sc- t]m-cm-Sn-bh-sc-sb-√mw- A-t±-lw- h-I-h-cp-Øn-sb-∂pw-
A-Xn¬- bm-sXm-cp- a-\- m-£n-°p-tØm- [m¿-an-I- Nn-¥-tbm- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂pw A-Xn-\p- Im-c-Ww- A-t±-lw-
a-X-\n-tj-[n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂pw- a-X-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- ]-d-bp-∂p.- F-¶n¬- ap-Kƒ- N-{I-h¿-Øn- Hu-dw- K-ko-_v- kz-¥w- tPy-jv-T-s\-
h-I-h-cp-Øn-bpw- ]n-Xm-hn-s\- X-p-dp-¶n-e-S-®p-a-t√- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬- I-b-dn-b-Xv?- kp-∂n-I-fp-sS- t\-Xm-hpw- J-eo-^-bp-am-bn-cp-∂-
b-ko-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS- t]-c-a-°-ƒ- in-bm-°-f-m-b-Xn-\m¬- I¿-_-e-bn¬- sh-®v- A-h-sc- sIm-∂-Xv- A-[n-Im-cw- \n-e-\n¿-Øm-\-t√?-
A-[n-Im-c-Øn-\p-th-≠n-b-t√- \-_n-bpw- Iq-´-cpw- _-\q-Jp-ssd-Z- tKm-{X-Øn-se- ]p-cp-j-∑m-scsb-√mw- h-[-in-£-°v- hn-[n-®-Xv ?-
kv-‰m-en≥- bp-≤w- sN-bv-X-Xv- \m-Sp-hm-gn-Ø-hpw- tkm-jy-en-k-hpw- \n-e-\n¿-Øm-\m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- \-_n-bpw- A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw-
bp-≤w- sN-bv-X-Xv- \m-Sp-hm-gn-Øw- ]p-\x-kv-Ym-]n-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂n-t√?--
˛X-d-bn¬- C-kv-lm-Jv,- F-S-∏mƒ-
D-Øc - w-:- B-{Ia-Ww- t\-cn-Sp-∂h - c - pw- e-cm-b- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- A-hn-sS-bpw- c-am-Ip-∂p-:- ""bp-≤-Øn-\v- C-c-bm-Ip-∂-h¿-
B-{I-aW - - `o-jW - n- t\-cn-Sp-∂h - c- p-am-b- k- D-∑q-e\
- - `o-jW - n- t\-cn-´t- ∏mƒ- sN-dp-Øp- °v- A-h¿- a¿-Zn-X-cm-b-Xn-\m¬- (Xn-cn-®-Sn-
aq-lß - ƒ-°pw- cm-j{v- S-߃-°pw- \n-e\ - n¬- \n¬-]pw- t]m-cm-´-hpw- A-\n-hm-cy-am-bn °m≥)- A-\p-hm-Zw- \¬-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.-
]n-\p-th-≠n- t]-m-cm-tS-≠-Xv- A-\n-hm-cy- Øo-cp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- "R-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hv- A-
am-bn-Øo-cpw.- h-e-tØ-I-cW-Øv A-Sn-®- ()bp-w A-\p-Nc - ∑- m-cpw- B-Zy-am-bn- t\cn- √m-lp-hm-W'v- - F-∂v- ]-db - p-∂X - n-s≥-d- t]cn
bmƒ-°v- C-S-sØ-I-c-W-hpw- Im-Wn-®p- ´- _-Zv¿,-- D-lv-Zv,- J≥-Z-Jv- F-∂o- bp-≤-ß ¬- am-{Xw,- bm-sXm-cp- \ym-bh - pw- IqSmsX-
sIm-Sp-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- £-a-bp-sS-bpw- kw- sfm-s°- \-S-∂-Xv- a-Zo-\-bn¬- \n-∂v- A¬- X-ßf - p-sS- `-h\ - ß- f - n¬- \n-∂v- ]p-dØ - m°-
b-a\ - Ø- n-s≥-db - pw- an-I® - - D-Zm-lc - W
- a- mbn- ]w- A-I-se-b-√m-Ø- kv-Y-e-ß-fn-em-bn-cp- s∏-´-h-c-s{X- A-h¿.- a-\p-jy-cn¬- Nn-e-sc-
hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-t´-°m-sa-¶n-epw- ]-e-t∏m- ∂p.- a-°-bn¬- \n-∂v- \q-dp-I-W-°n¬- In- a-‰p- Nn-es - c-s°m-≠v- A-√m-lp- X-Sp-°p∂n-
gp-w- A-Xv- {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-s√-∂v- h-cmw.- tem-ao-‰¿- bm-{X- sN-bX v- p-h∂
- n-´v- Jp-ssdin- √m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- ]-e- k-\ym-kn- a-Tß - fpw-
£-a-bpw- k-l-\-hpw- Zu¿-_-ey-Øn-s≥d- Iƒ- a-Zo-\-bn-se- F-Æ-Øn-epw- h-Æ-Øn- {In-kX -v o-b t- Z-hm-eb - ß - f- pw- b-lq-Z-- tZhme
e-£W - a - m-bn K - W - n-®- v- A-Xn-{I-aØ - n-\v- [m epw- Ip-dh - m-b- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Is - f- B{I- -b-ß-fpw-,- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- \m-aw- [mcmf-
¿-jvS- yw- Im-Wn-°p-∂- i-{Xp-°s - f- H-Xp- °p- an-°p-Ib- m-bn-cp-∂psh-∂v- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- hy- am-bn- {]-Io¿-Øn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂- ap-ke -v nw- ]≈n
I- am-{X-am-bn-cn-°pw- \n-e-\n-¬-]v B-{K- ‡-am-Wv.- \n-j] v- £ - c - m-b- N-cn-{X-Im-c∑ - m¿- I
- f- pw- X-I¿-°s - ∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p''- (22:-39,-40).-
ln-°p-∂h - c- p-sS- ap-ºn-ep-≈- c-£m-am¿-Kw.- Cu- bm-Ym¿-Yy-w- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®n-´p-≠v.- C-kv-emw- bp-≤w- A-\p-h-Zn-®-Xv- hn-izm-
a-°b - n¬- \n-∂v- Xp-cØ - n-tbm-Sn-°s - ∏´- bp-≤w- A-\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠v- A-h-Xo¿- k- kzm-X-{¥-yw- \n-e-\n¿-Øm≥- th-≠n-
ti-jw- a-Zo-\b - n¬- A-`b - w- tX-Sn-b- Zp¿_- W-am-b- Jp-¿-B≥- kq‡ßƒ- C-{]-Im- bpw- B-cm-[-\me-b-߃- B-{I-an-°-s∏-
2006Un-kw-_¿- 41
Sp-∂- Zp-jv-{]-h-W-X- D-≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥- bm-°ƒ)-fm-bn-cp-∂p- F-t∂m ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- I- a-S-ßv- h-cp-∂- i-{X-p-ssk-\yw- ]p-d-Øp-
th-≠n- b- p-am-Wv.- \m-Sp-hm-gn-Øw- ]p-\k - vYm- Xn-I-®pw- i-cn-b-√.- C-kv-em-an-I- Jn-em-^- \n-∂v- B-{I-an-°p-∂- k-a-b-Øv- a-Zo-\-bn-
]n-°p-I- F-s∂m-cp- e-£yw- C-ke -v m-an-s≥d- Ø-ns≥-d- i-cn-bm-b- {I-a-{]-Im-cw- sX-c se- b-lq-Z¿- ]n-∂n¬-\n-∂p- Ip-Øp-I- IqSn-
[¿-a-bp-≤-Øn-\v- H-cn-°-ep-ap-≠m-bn-´n-√.- s™-Sp-°s - ∏-´- `-cW - m-[n-Im-cn-b√ - - bkoZv.- sN-bv-Xm¬- ap-kv-enw-I-sf- D-∑q-e-\w- sN-
A-td-_y-bn-se- C-ke v- m-an-s≥-d- i-{Xp-°ƒ- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- \-S-]-Sn-I-fn¬- [¿-a-Øn- øm-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- ]-≤-Xn.- A -- -√m-lp- B-
°v- \m-Sp-hm-gn-Øw- A-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂- \pw- \o-Xn-°pw- \n-c° - m-Ø- ]-eX - pw- D-≠m- ]-≤-Xn- X-I¿-Ø-t∏mƒ- A-\n-hm-cy-am-b-
]-cn-]m-Sn- D-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-e-t√- A-h-sc- bn-cp-∂p.- \-_n-()-bp-sS- ]u-{X-∑m¿- io Xp-S¿-®b - m-bn-cp-∂p- B- b-lq-Z- tKm-{X-Øn-
F-Xn¿-°p-∂- B¿-s°-¶n-epw- A-X- -v ]p-\x- Cu-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-h-cp-sS- ]n-Xm-hpw- \p- t\-sc- \-_n-() kzo-I-cn-®- ssk-\nI-
kv-Ym-]n-t°-≠- B-h-i-yw- D-Zn-°p-am-bn-cp- \m-emw- J-eo-^-bp-am-b A-en()- sIm√- \-S-]-Sn.-
∂p-≈q?- tNm-Zy-I¿-Øm-hn-\v- tem-IN - c - n{X- s∏-´- k-μ¿-`Ø - n¬- A-hc - p-sS- t\-sc- apkv- tk-m-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b\n¬- \m-Sp-hm-gn-
sØ-°p-dn-®- km-am-\y-⁄m-\w -t]m-epan- enw- tem-I-Øv- s]m-Xp-sh- D-≠mb- k-l- Øw- A-hk - m-\n-°p-Ib - pw- tkm-jy-en-kw-
s√-∂m-Wv- -A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- Nn-e- ]-cma¿- Xm-]- X-cw-K-sØ- io-Cu-Iƒ- Nq-j-Ww- \n-e-hn¬- h-cp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- ti-j-am-Wv
i-߃- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.- sN-øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.- kv‰- m-en≥- kz-¥w- {]-PI - f - pw- ]m¿-´n-°mcp-
Hu-dw- K-ko-_v- F-√m- hn-jb - ß - f - n-epw- a-Zo-\-bn-se- H-c-p- b-l-q-Z- tKm-{X-am-Wv am-b- Z-i-e-£-°-W-°n-em-fp-I-sf- ]-e-hn-
H-cp-t]m-se- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-Xn-_-≤-X- ]p- _-\q-Jp-ssd-Z.- \-_n-() A-hs - c- k-JyI- [-Øn¬- Xp-S® - p-\o-°n-bX - v.- ]-ec - pw- X-s≥-d-
e¿-Øn-b- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh- £n-fm-bn- kzo-Ic - n-®X - m-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- F-Xn-cm-fn-If - m-bn- am-dp-sa-∂- sX-‰n-≤mcW
∂v- ap-kv-en-w- N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿- hm-Zn-°p-∂n- ap-kv-enw-I-sf- D-∑q-e-\w- sN-øm≥- th-≠n- bm-Wv- Cu- G-Im-[n-]X - n-bp-sS- {Iq-cI - rXy-
√.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- \-S-]-Sn-I-fn¬- am-Xr- kw-LS- n-Xc - m-b- i-{Xp- hn-`m-Kß - ƒ- cq-]oI- ߃-°v- t{]-c-I-am-bn- `-hn-®-Xv.- a-Zo-\-bn-
Im-tbm-Ky-am-b-Xpw- A-√m-Ø-Xpw- D-≠m- cn-®- h≥- ssk-\y-k-aq-lw- a-Zo-\-sb- D-]- se- ap-kv-enw- k-aq-l-Øn¬- I-p-sd- I-]-S
Ipw.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-°v- ti-j-ap-≈- tcm-[n-®- k-a-b-Ø-v k-Jy-Øn-s‚--Xm¬-]- ∑m¿- I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-b- hn-h-cw- A-dn-™n-´p-
B-cpw- ]-q¿ - W- a - m-bn {]-am-Za - p-‡c- √ - .- bko- cy-Øn-\v- hn-cp-≤a - m-bn- kw-LS- n-X- i-{Xp° t]m-epw- \-_n-()- A-hs - c- ]o-Un-∏n-°pI-
Zv- kp-∂n-If - p-sS t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p- Ft∂m- ƒ-°v- ]n-¥p-W- \¬-Ip-bm-Wv- Cu- b-lqZ- tbm- h-[n-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-√- F-∂-Xpw-
-\-_n-()bp-sS- ]u-{X-∑m¿- io-Cu--I(in- tKm-{Xw- sN-bX v- X - v.- ap-kev- n-wI- f- p-sS- At\- C-tXm-Sv- tN¿-Øp-hm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-

({In-kv-a-kv- Jp¿-B-\n-tem?- ..........- t]-Pv- 5¬- \n-∂v- Xp-S¿-®)-

tbip{In kvXp {]t_m[\w sNbvX ∏w ]ucmWnI {]hmNI∑mcpsS Imew hs{X! AtXmsSm∏w Xs≥d tdma≥
ssZhnI aX Ønte°v sXmt´ BNcn®ncp∂ im_Øn\v ˛i\n BNmcm\pjvTm\ßtfmSv kºq¿Wam
X≈n°b‰m\p≈ IpXvknX {ia߃ bmgvN˛ ]Icw kqcytZhs≥d Zn\amb bpw hnS]dbphm≥ At±lØn\v km[y
\S∂ph∂ncp∂psh¶nepw AXn\v RmbdmgvN(Sunday)sb hnip≤ Zn\am ambn√. AXn\m¬ At±lw Ccp aX
hnPb]mX ssIhcn°m≥ bn {]Jym]n°pIbpw sNbvXp. s]s´ Øns≥dbpw BNmcßsfbpw ka\zbn
km[n®ncp∂n√. F∂m ¬ F.Un. 325¬ ∂p Xs∂ hnizmknIƒ B Xocpam\w ∏n°m\p≈ {iaw Bcw`n®p. CXns≥d
tdma≥ N{Ih¿Øn tIm¨kv‰≥dbn AwKoIcn®ns√¶nepw ˛ "hfsc IqSpX `mKambncp∂p \nJnbm Iu¨kn¬.
s≥d tae[nImcØn¬ tN¿∂ \nJnbm ¬ hnhmZ߃°p tijw F.Un. 400˛ At±lamWv {InkvXphns≥d P∑Zn\w
Iu¨knemWv CØcw BNmcm\pjv t\mSSpØmWv {Inkvakv Zn\w AwKoI Unkw_¿ 25 B°nbXns≥d D]PvRm
Tm\߃°v \nba{]m_eyw \¬Inb cn°s∏´Xv' (Rise of Christainity P. 79). Xmsh∂v Good News update hyIvXam
Xv. AXn¬ {InkvXpaXØns≥d A°m °p∂p. AXn\p≈ ImcWhpw hniZo
\memw \q‰m≠phsc tbiphns≥d
esØ apJyi{Xp°fmbncp∂ `qcn]£ Icn°p∂p≠v.
P\\ambn s]mXpsh AwKoIcn°s∏
hn`mKamb kqcytZhmcm[IcpsSbpw "tIm¨kv‰≥dbn≥ Xs≥d {]PI
´ncp∂Xv am¿®v 28, G{]n¬ 18, sabv 29
an{XaX°mcpsSbpw {InkvXp aXØn fpsS AXr]vXnbpw AkzkvYXbpw
F∂o XobXnIfmbncp∂p' (Will Dur
s≥dbpw BibmZ¿ißsfbpw BNm h¿[n®t∏mƒ c≠v atlmXvkh߃
ant, Seasar & Christ, Samon and Sebus
cm\pjv T m\ßsfbpw ka\zbn∏n®p \SØn. Ah¿ ]Xnhmbn kqtcymXvkh
ter P. 558). "temIsaßpw km¿h{XnI
sIms≠mcp ]pXnb XØzkwlnX°v Zn\ambn BtLmjn®ph∂ Unkw_¿
ambn Unkw_¿ 25 {Inkvakv Zn\ambn
cq]w \¬IpIbpw ]e kp{][m\ Xocp 25 {InkvXphns≥d P∑Zn\ s]cp∂mfm
BtLmjn°m≥ XpSßnbXv \memw
am\ßfpw ssIs°m≈pIbpw sNbvXp. bpw at‰Xv Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]v s]cp
\q‰m≠ns≥d A¥ywapXemWv' (amXr
Ahbnsem∂v tbip {InkvXphns≥d ∂mfmbpw {]Jym]n°s∏´p. tbiphn
`qan hmcm¥∏-Xn∏v, 1990 Unkw. 23).
P∑Zn\w JWvUnXambn Xn´s∏SpØm s≥d P\\w Unkw_¿ 25 Bbn {]Jym
Xncns° kqcytZhs≥d P∑Zn\ambn F.Un.aq∂mw iXIØn¬ {InkvXp ]n°pIbpw hn]peamb Bcm[\m NS
sIm≠mSnbncp∂ Unkw_¿ 25 {Inkv aXw kzoIcn® tdma≥ N{Ih¿Øn tIm ßpIfpw DXvkhßfpw \S∏m°pIbpw
Xphns≥d P∑Zn\ambn {]Jym]n®p ¨kv‰≥dbn≥ {InkvXpaXØn\v Ahn sNbvXp' (Good News update March 91
F∂XmWv. kqcytZhs≥d {]Xncq]am kvacWobamb H´[nIw kw`mh\If P. 30).
bmWv tIm¨kv‰≥dbn≥ N{Ih¿Øn ¿]n°pIbpw {InkvXpaXsØ HutZym ˛A-_q-- A-Zv-\m≥-
sb {]PIƒ KWn®ncp∂Xv. AtXmsSm KnIaXambn {]Jym]n°pIbpw sNbvXp

2006Un-kw-_¿- 42
 CkvemanI aqey-ß-fpsS ss\c-¥cyw

Ckvemw hn`m-h\w
sNøp∂ aqey-kw-ln-
X-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw
ssZhn-I-ß-fmWv
F∂-tXm-sSm∏w
Xs∂ Ahbv°v Ncn-
{X-]-c-amb ss\c-¥-
cy-Øns‚ ta≥a-Iq-Sn-
bp-≠v. Ign-™-Im-e-
ß-fnepw ]q¿hIm-e- dPo_v.- F XΩn¬ kmay-X-Iƒ \ne-\n¬°pI kzm`m-
k-aq-l-ß-fnepw \∑- hn-I-am-Wv. Ime-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚
Ckvemw hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ aqey-kw-ln- bpw `n∂-X-Ifpw sshhn-[y-ßfpw A\pk
bp-sSbpw k∑m¿K- X-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw ssZhn-I-ß-fmWv F∂- cn-®p≈ Nne hyXym-k-߃ kzm`m-hn-I-ß-
Øn-s‚bpw [m¿a-n-I- tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Ahbv°v Ncn-{X-]-c-amb fp-am-Wv. apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(- )-bpsS BK-a-\-
X-bp-sSbpw ASn-Ø-d- ss\c-¥c - y-Øns‚ ta≥a-Iq-Sn-bp-≠v. Ign-™- Øn\p apºp≈ \q‰m-≠p-I-fnepw kl-{km-
bmbn h¿Øn® aqey- Im-e-ß-fnepw ]q¿hIm-e-k-aq-l-ß-fnepw _vZ-ß-fnepw hnhn[ P\-k-aq-l-ß-fn-te°v
ßsfsb√mw \∑-bp-sSbpw k∑m¿K-Øn-s‚bpw [m¿a-n-I- Ah-X-o¿W-amb aqey-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw km¿h-
X-bp-sSbpw ASn-Ø-d-bmbn h¿Øn® aqey- Im-en-Ih- pw Bh-iy-IX
- b
- p-≈X- p-am-bh hnip
Ckvemw AXns‚ ßsfsb√mw Ckvemw AXns‚ B¥-c-L- ≤ Jp¿-B-\n-eqsS ]p\-c-h-Xo¿W-am-bn-´p≠v
B¥-c-L-S-\-bn¬ S-\-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠v. ]q¿h-Ime ssZ F∂-Xn\v Jp¿-B≥ hN-\-߃ Xs∂ km
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠v. hn-I-am¿K--Z¿i-\-ßfpw AXmXp Ime-ß-fn £y-ß-fmWv.
se ssZh-Zq-X≥am-cn-eqsS \¬I-s∏-´p-sIm-
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ AXns‚ aqey-LS\-
≠n-cp∂ aqey-ßfpw samØ-Øn¬ hnti-jn-
bnepw BibLS-\-bnepw ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fp-
∏n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂Xv Ckvemw F∂p Xs∂-bmWv.-
AXm-bXv Ckvemw F°m-eØpw am\-h-cm- ambn ]pe¿Øp∂ _‘hpw XpS¿®bpw
in-bpsS aX-]-chpw hnizm-k-]-c-hp-amb taJ- hy‡-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Jp¿-B\ns‚ ""D¬
e-If- n¬ aqey-ßf - p-sSbpw Bi-bß - f
- p-sSbpw t_m-[\w'' F∂ hnti-jWw Xs∂ A¿Y-
t{k-mX- mbn h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂n-´p-≠v. h-Øm-Wv. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS Ncn-{X-Ønepw
Htc-sbmcp {kjvSm-hn¬ \n∂v hnhn-[-Im-e- t_m[m-h-t_m[ am\-k-nIXe-ß-fnepw Dd-
L-´ß - f- n-embn Ah-Xc - n® ssZhnIaqey-߃ ßn-°n-S-°p-I-bpw Ncn-{X-Ønse \∑-I-fpsS
F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ckvemans‚ aqeymw-i-߃ L´-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy-cm-in-bn¬ kPo-h-am-bn-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 43
 cn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-\n-S-bp≈ aqey-ß-fn-te
°pw Bi-bm-Z¿i-ß-fn-te-°p-ap≈ ⁄m\-
]-chpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Xncn-®p-t]m-°n
s\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ ""XZvIndØv'' F∂
hnti-jWw hnip-≤- Jp¿B\n-ep-≈Xv {i
t≤-b-am-Wv. Hcp hN\w ImWpI:
""Xo¿®-bmbpw CsXmcp D¬t_m-[\ (X-
ZvIn-d-Øv)amIp∂p'' (73:-19).-
t_m[-\-Øns‚ ]p\-cm-h¿Ø-\-amWv
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ D¬t_m-[\w.- ZnIvdn¬\n∂v
XZv-In-d-Øn-te-°p≈ ]cn-Wmaw. B \nebv-
°v Jp¿-B≥ AXns\ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂
ZnIv ¿ (t_m- [ - \ w) F∂ hnti- j - W h- p w
XZvIn-dØv (D¬t_m-[-\w) F∂ hnti-jW-
A£-cm¿Y-Øn-ep≈ hpw khn-ti-j-am-\-ß-fp-≈-h-bm-Wv. Jp¿-
XpS¿®-b√ Jp¿-B≥ B≥ ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fpsS aqey-]-c-amb ]n¥p-
S¿®-bp≈ thZ-{K-Ÿ-amWv F∂-Xn-\p≈
]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. sXfnhv ZnIv¿,- XZvIndØv F∂o ]Z-߃
aqey-ß-fnepw Bi- XΩn-ep≈ Bi-bm¿Y- hy-Xym-kØ - n¬ am{X-
b-ß-fnepap≈ sam-Xp-ßp-∂n-√. adn®v hnhn[ Jp¿-B≥ hN-
XpS¿®-bm-Wv. ssZhn- \-ß-fn-embn C°mcyw hy‡-am-bn-Øs∂
]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
I-am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øns‚
""Xo¿®-bmbpw CXv BZysØ GSp-If - n¬
tcJ-Iƒ F∂ \ne- Xs∂-bp-≠v. AXm-bXv C_v-d-m-lo-ans‚bpw
bn¬ ]q¿h-th-Z-߃ aqk-bp-sSbpw GSp-I-fn¬'' (87:18-˛19).-
Ah-X-cn-∏n-®- ImgvN-
A£-cm¿Y-Øn-ep≈ XpS¿®-b√ Jp¿-
∏m-Sp-Ifpw Bi-b- B≥ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. aqey-ß-fnepw Bi-
b-ß-fnepap≈ XpS¿®-bm-Wv. ssZhn-I-am¿K-
ßfpw Jp¿-B-\n¬
Z¿i-\-Øns‚ tcJ-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]q¿
Imem-\p-kr-Xhpw h-th-Z-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®- ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw
A¥na ZqXs‚ Bi-bß - fpw Jp¿-B\ - n¬ Imem-\p-kr-Xhpw
{]t_m-[\ ZuXy A¥na ZqXs‚ {]t_m-[\ ZuXy \n¿h-l-
W-Øn\v A\p-cq-]-ambpw Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-
\n¿h-l-W-Øn\v
∂p. ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fpsS aqey-ßsf kwc-£n-
A\p-cq-]-ambpw °p-∂-Xpw Ahsb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-
Bh¿Øn-®n-cn- sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Jp¿-B≥ kzbw km£o-I-
°p∂p. cn-°p∂ hN-\ß - f - p-sS-sb√mw Bi-b] - c
- a- mb
Xm¬]cyw ta¬∏-d-™-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
s]mXp-aq-ey-߃
F√m-Im-e-ß-fnepw a\p-jy-cm-in-bn¬
hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-´n-´p≈ aqey-߃ Ah-
bpsS s]mXp-LS- \ - b
- n¬ kam-\X- b
- p-≈h - b - m-
bn-cp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Ah-bn¬
Ime- \ p- k r- X - a mb am‰- ß fpw hyXn- b m- \ -
ßfpw hcp-Øp-Ibpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬
F°m-eØpw am\-h-cm-insb _m[n-°p∂
ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb XØ-z-߃ Jp¿-B≥
Ah-bpsS ssPh-L-S-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Øs∂
D≤-cn-®n-´p≠v. GI-ssZ-hm-Z¿iw, a\p-jy-{]-
Ir-Xs - Ø-∏‰- n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-߃, t\¿am¿K-
Øns‚bpw Zp¿am¿K-Øn-s‚bpw th¿Xn-cn-hp-
2006Un-kw-_¿- 44
Iƒ,- I¿a-^-e-Øn-s‚bpw I¿a_‘-Øn-s‚
bpw Imcy-߃, A¥y-Zn-\sØ∏-‰n-bp≈
]cm-a¿i-߃, `qX-Z-b-bp-ambpw Poh-Im-cp-
Wy-˛ -a-\p-j-yt-- k-h\ taJ-e-bp-ambpw _‘-
s∏´ ]cm-a¿i-߃ F∂nh A°q-´-Øn¬
Dƒs]´-hb - m-Wv. Ch-sb√mw F√m-Im-eØpw
thZ-Øn-s‚bpw thZ-ß-fp-sSbpw ]cm-ar-jvS-
hn- j - b - ß fpw {]Xn- ] m- Z y- ß - f p- a m- b n- c p∂p
F∂Xp hy‡-am-Wv. km¿h-eu-In-Ihpw
km¿h-Im-en-I-hp-amb aqey-߃ F∂ ]cn-
K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂-h-bmWv ta¬∏-d-™-h-
sbms°. AXp-sIm-≠mWv F°m-eØpw
thZ-ßf - n¬ Ah ]cm-a¿in-Xa - mbnØ-o¿∂Xv.
A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw
""Ah-cn-te°v \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ ZqX≥
am¿ ]d™p: BIm-i-ß-fp-sSbpw `qan-bp-
sSbpw krjvSn-I¿Øm-hmb A√m-lp-hns‚
Imcy-Øn-emtWm kwi-ba - p-≈X- v? \nß-fpsS
]m]-߃ \n߃°v s]mdp-Øp-X-cp-h-m-\pw
\n¿W-n-X-amb Hc-h-[n-hsc \n߃°p ka
bw \o´n-Ø-cp-hm-\p-ambn Ah≥- \nßsf
£Wn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ (P-\-߃) ]d™p:
\n߃ Rß-sf-t∏m-se-bp≈ a\p-jy¿ am{X-
am-Ip∂p. Rß-fpsS ]nXm-°ƒ Bcm-[n®p
h∂n-cp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw Rßsf ]n¥n-cn-∏n-
°m-\mWv \n߃ Dt±-in-°p-∂X - v. AXn-\m¬
hy‡-amb h√ tcJbpw \n߃ R߃°p
sIm≠p-h-∂p-Xcq''.-
""Ah-tcmSv Ah-cn-te-°p≈ ssZh-Zq-X≥
am¿ ]d™p: R߃ \nß-sf-t∏m-se-bp≈
a\p-jy¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. F¶n-epw, A√mlp
Xs‚ Zmk≥am-cn¬ \n∂v Xm≥ Dt±-in-°p-
∂-h-tcmSv HuZmcyw ImWn-°p-∂p. A√mlp
hns‚ A\p-aXn {]Im-c-a-√msX \n߃°v
bmsXmcp sXfnhpw sIm≠p-h∂p Xcm≥
R߃°m-hn-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ taemWv
hnizm-kn-Iƒ `c-ta¬]n-°p-∂-Xv''.-
""A√mlp Rßsf Rß-fpsS hgn-If - n¬
tN¿Øp X∂n-cns° Ahs‚ ta¬ `c-ta¬
]n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ R߃s°¥-p \ymb-am-
Wp-≈-Xv?- \n߃ Rßsf t{Zmln-®-Xn-s\-
∏‰n R߃ £an-°p-I -Xs∂ sNømw.
A√m-lp-hns‚ taemWv `c-ta¬]n-°p-∂-h-
sc√mw `c-ta¬]n-t°-≠-Xv'' (14:-10-˛-12).-
ssZhm-kvXn-IysØ Hm¿an-∏n-°p-I-bpw
{kjvSm-hns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ DW¿Øp-I
bpw sNøp∂ ]cm-a¿i-߃ F√m- Im-e-ß-
fn-sebpw ssZh-Zq-X≥am-cn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠v. {]hm-NI - ˛- Z- q-X≥am-cpsS ZuXy-
\n¿h-l-W-Øns‚ Hcp {][m-\-hiw AXp-
X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F ∂m¬ CØcw DZvt_m-
 [-\-ß-sf \ntj-[n-°p-I-bpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-
Ibpw sNbv X p- s Im≠v hnizm- k Ønepw
{kjvSm-hns\ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂X - nepw ZqX≥am-
cpsS FXn¿]-£-Øp-\n¬°p-Ib -- mWv {]
t_m-[n-X-kaq-l-ß-fn¬ A-[nI-hpw- sNbvXn-
cp-∂-Xv. {]t_m-[-\-ßfpw ZqX≥am-cpsS A
[ym-]-\-ßfpw kzoI-cn-®-h¿ Ah-cn¬ \n∂v
FÆ-s∏´ Nne¿ am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v hnip
≤ Jp¿-B≥ \¬Ip∂ hnh-cW - ß- f- n¬ \n∂v
hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. hnizm-kØ- nepw BkvXn-
Iy-t_m-[-Øn-epw GI-ssZ-hm-Z¿i-Ønepw
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ AXns‚ apºp≈ thZ-ß-
sf-bpw {]hm-N-I-≥am-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-
sfbpw ]n¥p-S¿∂n-´p-s≠∂v hy‡-am-°p∂
]cm-a¿i-߃ Fºm-Sp-ap-≠v. apl-Ω-Zv \-_n
a\p-jy\pw- Ahs‚ ()- bn-eqsS \¬I-s∏´ D¬t_m-[\w ]q¿h-
I¿a-ßfpw XΩn- Im-e-Øns‚ aqeym-Sn-Ø-d-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-
ep≈ _‘w Jp¿- ∂p F∂ Imcyw Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bmWv
B≥ Du∂n-∏-d-bp- AØcw hmIy-߃.
∂p. Hcp hy‡n-sN- I¿aw,- -I¿a-^-ew, A¥y-Zn\w
øp∂ sNdpXpw hep-
a\p-jy-\pw- Ahs‚ I¿a-ßfpw XΩn-
X-amb I¿a-ßfp-sS- ep≈ _‘w Jp¿-B≥ Du∂n-∏d - b
- p-∂p. Hcp
^-e-߃- B hy‡n hy‡n-sN-øp∂ sNdpXpw hep-X-amb I¿a-
ßfp-sS- ^-e-߃- B hy‡n°v- in£-˛-c-
°v- in£-˛-c-£-I-fp-
£-I-fp-sS cq]-Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-
sS cq]-Øn¬ A\p-`- sa∂ Imcyw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p.
hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂
Cu BZ¿ihpw aqeyhpw ]q¿h- t h- Z - ß -
Imcyw hnip≤ Jp¿-
fpsSsb√mw BZ¿ihpw aqey-hp-am-bn-cp∂p
B≥ ]d-bp-∂p. Cu F∂v Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-ap-≠v. ]q¿h-
BZ¿ihpw aqeyhpw Im-e-Zq-X≥am-cpsS ktμ-i-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-
°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ß-fn-se√mw C°m-
]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fpsSsb
cyhpw Dƒs°m≈n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xp {it≤-b-
√mw BZ¿ihpw aqey-
am-Wv. A¥y-Zn-\s
- Øbpw I¿a-˛ [ - ¿a-ßf - psS
hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v {]Xn- ^ ew A\p- ` - h n- t °- ≠ n- h - c p∂ Zn\-
Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-
sØbpw ]‰n Jp¿-B-\n-ep≈ ]cm-a¿i-ß-
°n-bn-´p-ap-≠v. sf√mw ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fpsS XpS¿®-X-s∂-bm-
Wv. ]q¿h-th-Z-߃ A h-bpsS auenI LS-
\-bn¬ C∂p e`yas√-¶nepw Ah-bnse
Bi- b - ß fpw auenI ]cm- a ¿i- ß f- p w
am\hcmin°v- C∂v e`y-am-Ip∂ hn[-Øn-
ep≈ {Iao-I-cWw hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬
{kjvSmhv G¿s]-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. AXn-\m¬
A¥y-Zn-\-sØbpw A¥y-Zn-\-Ønse I¿a-˛-
[¿a- hnebn-cp-Øe - n-s‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬ Ah-
ew-_n-°m-hp∂ ]cm-a¿i-߃ hnip≤ Jp¿-
B-\n¬ ImWmw:
""AXs{X bYm¿Y-amb Znh-kw. AXn-\m
¬ h√-h\pw Dt±-in-°p∂ ]£w Xs‚ c£n-
Xm-hn-¶t- e-°p≈ aS-°Ø
- ns‚ am¿K-w Ah≥
kzoI-cn-°s´''
2006Un-kw-_¿- 45
""Bk-∂-amb Hcp in£-sb-∏‰n Xo¿®-
bmbpw \n߃°v \mw ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬In-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ ssIIƒ- ap≥
Iq´n sNbvXp-sh-®Xv t\m°n-°-m-Wp-Ibpw
Atøm,- Rm≥ aÆm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F{X
\∂m-bn-cp-t∂s\ F∂v kXy-\n-tj-[n-]-d-bp-
Ibpw sNøp∂ Znhkw'' (78:-40).-
""(A∂-h-tcmSv ]d-b-s∏-Spw) Xocp-am-\
Øns‚ Znh-k-am-Wn-Xv. \nß-sfbpw ]q¿h-n-
I-scbpw \mw CXm Hcp-an-®p-Iq-´n-bn-cn-°p∂p''
(77:-38).-
""F∂m¬ Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂nt√? J_vdpI-
fn-ep-≈Xv Cf°nadn®p ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-c-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw lrZ-b-ß-fn-e-p-≈Xp shfn°p
sIm≠p-h-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬!- Xo¿®-
bmbpw Ah-cpsS c£n-Xmhv At∂-Zn-hkw
Ahsc∏‰n kq£v a - a mbn Adn- b p- ∂ - h ≥
Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p'' (100:-9-11).-
""kz-tZ-l-߃-°p- th-≠n- \n-߃- F-
s¥m-cp-- \≥a ap≥Iq´n sNbvXp-sh-°p-I-bm-
sW-¶nepw A√m-lp-hn-¶¬- AXp KpW-I-
chpw G‰hpw al-Ømb {]Xn-^-e-ap-≈-Xp-
ambn \n߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-XmWv'' (73:-20).-
""AXm-bXv a\p-jy≥ Xm≥ A[zm-\n-®p-
sh-®-Xn-s\-∏‰n Hm¿a-n-°p∂ Znhkw.- ImWp-
∂-h¿°p-th≠n \cIw shfn-hm-°-s∏-Sp∂
Znh-kw. (A-∂v) B¿ AXncp Ihn-bp-Ibpw
Cl-temI- Pohn-X-Øn\p IqSp-X¬ {]m[m
\yw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXpthm (A-h-\v) I
Øn-Pz-en-°p∂ \cIw Xs∂-bmWv kt¶Xw''
""At∏mƒ GsXm-cmƒ Xs‚ c£n-Xm-
hns‚ ÿm\sØ `b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw a\- ns\
X∂n-jvS-Øn¬\n∂v hne°n \n¿Øp-Ibpw
sNbvXpthm (A-h-\v) kz¿K-w Xs∂-bmWv
kt¶Xw'' (79:-35-˛41).-
""At∏mƒ GsXm-cm-fpsS Xpem-kp-Iƒ I-
\w Xqßntbm Ah≥ kwXr-]vX-amb Pohn-
X-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ GsXm-cm-fpsS
Xpem-kp-Iƒ I-\w Ipd-™pthm Ahs‚
kt¶Xw \c-I-a-mbncn-°pw'' (101:-6˛-9).-
Cßs\ \nc-h[n hN-\-ß-fn-eq-sS a\p-
jy\pw I¿ahpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w hnip-≤-
Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Cl-tem-IØv
a\p-jy≥ sNøp∂ sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb
\∑-˛-Xn-∑-Iƒ°v A\p-kr-X-amb {]Xn-^ew
A¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp-sa∂ kXy-
Øns‚ hnhn[ cq]-Øn-ep≈ {]t_m-[-\-ß-
fpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fnepw
]q¿hIme ZqX≥am-cpsS ZuXy-\n¿h-l-W-
ß-fn-ep-ambn ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏´p t]mbn-´p-≈-
Xm-Wv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp L´-Øn¬ a\p-jy-
 cm-in°v I¿a-˛-[¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw \∑-Xn-∑-I-fp-
sSbpw _‘-Øn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-Ip-hm≥ km
[y-a√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ CØcw ]cm-a¿i-߃
km¿h-eu-In-Ihpw km¿h-Im-en-I-hp-amb
aqey-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv.
sNdpXpw hep-X-amb \∑-Ifpw
Poh-Im-cpWyw kl-Po-hn-kvt\lw
apX-em-b-hbpw
a\p- j y- P o- h n- X - Ø ns‚ Ah- ÿ - I fpw
ÿnXnhnti-j-ßfpw `n∂-am-I-bm¬ hnhn[
Ime-ßf - nepw kml-Nc - y-ßf- n-ep-ambn hnhn[
Xc-Øn-ep≈ \∑-Iƒ°v a\p-jy\v Ah-k-
chpw kμ¿`hpw e`n-°p-∂p. \∑-Iƒ {]h¿
\∑-Iƒ {]h¿Øn- Øn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ btYm-NnXw
°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-k- D]- t bm- K n- ° p- h m- \ p≈ \n¿tZ- i w F√m
ImeØpw am\-hc - m-in°pw e`n-®n-´p≈ am¿K-
c-߃ btYm-NnXw
Z¿i-\-ß-fnse AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp LS-
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm\p
I-am-Wv. a\pjyPohn-XsØ AXns‚ hn
≈ \n¿tZ-iw F√m
hn[ Xe-ßf - p-ambpw LS-Iß - f - p-ambpw kwe-
ImeØpw am\-h-cm- bn-∏n®p \n¿Øp-I-bpw, ssZhn-I-am¿K--Z¿i-
in°pw e`n-®n-´p≈ Øns‚ N´-°q-´n¬ PohnXsØ {Iao-I-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ sNdpXpw hep-X-amb
am¿K-Z¿i-\-ß-fnse
\∑-Iƒ°v ]ca {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm-
AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp
≠p-Xs∂ \∑-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xa - mb I¿a-ß-
LS-I-am-Wv. a\pjy fpsS sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ F√m-I-m-eØpw a\p-
Pohn-XsØ AXns‚ jy\v {kjvSmhv \¬Ip∂ am¿K-Z¿i\w
auen-Ia - mbn H∂p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv. I¿a˛-[¿a-ß-
hnhn[ Xe-ß-fpam
fpsS _m‘-hhpw XpS¿®bpw Hm¿a-n-∏n-®p-
bpw LS-I-ß-fp-am
sIm≠pw \mYs‚ IW- s °- S p- ∏ n- s ‚bpw
bpw kwe-bn-∏n®p hnNm-c-W-bp-sSbpw hni-I-e-\-Øns‚bpw
\n¿Øp-I-bpw, ssZ \mfn-s\-°p-dn®v- t_m[\w \¬Ins°-m≠p-
hn-I-am¿K-- Z¿i-\-Øn amWv a\p-jys\ \∑-bn¬ Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øp-
hm-\p≈ Bib kwhn-[m-\-߃ G¿s]-Sp-
s‚ N´-°q-´n¬ Pohn
Øn-bn-´p-≈X - v. C°m-cy-Ønepw Jp¿-B\
XsØ {Iao-I-cn-°p-
am¿K-Z¿i\w ]q¿h-Ime {]hm-NI ZuXy-ß-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ fp-sSbpw thZ-ßf - p-sSbpw XpS¿®-bpw ]pXnb
sNdpXpw hep-X-amb cq]-Øn-ep≈ Bi-b-{]-Im-i-\-hp-amWv F
\∑-Iƒ°v ]ca ∂p-ImWmw:-
{]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. ""Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Xm≥ ap≥Iq´n sNbv
Xp-sh-®Xpw ]nt∂m´p am‰n sh®Xpw F¥m-
sW∂v Adn-bp-∂-XmWv'' (82:5).-
""Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Xm≥ Xb-md
≠p-h-∂n-´p-≈Xv Fs¥∂v Adn-bp-∂-XmWv''
(81:-14).-
Cßs\ I¿a-Øn-s‚bpw [¿a-Øn-s‚bpw
kq£vahpw IrXy-hp-amb hnNm-c-W-sb-∏-
‰nbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-s\-∏-‰nbpw ]cm-a¿in-
°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ hN\w \∑-bpsS hnhn[
hi-ß-sfbpw hnhn[ Awi-ß-sfbpw a\p-
jy-\n-e-\n¬]n-\p≈ DZm-Ø-amb aqey-L-S-
\-bpsS `mK-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v. Zcn-{Z-
2006Un-kw-_¿- 46
scbpw A_-e-scbpw klm-bn-°¬, klm
bw Bh-iy-ap-≈-h¿°v klmbw sNø¬,
_e-lo-\-scbpw \ncm-ew-_-scbpw kwc-£n-
°¬ F∂n-ßs - \-bp≈ ]e-LS- I - ß
- fpw \∑-
bpsS Awi-ßfmbn Jp¿-B≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Ch-sb√mw ]q¿h-th-Z-
ß-fnepw ]q¿h-Ime {]hm-NI ZuXy-ß-fn
epw ]cm-a¿in-X-ß-fmb \∑-bpsS aqey-߃
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
imco-cn-I-hpw kmº-Øn-I-hpw ÿnXn-]-c-hp-
amb sshI-eyhpw _e-lo-\-Xbpw A\p-`-
hn-°p-∂h - sc Ah-KW - n-°¬,- Ah-tcmSv Bh-
iy-amb ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ ImWn-°m-Xn-cn-°¬
F∂n-h-sbms° GsXmcp thZ-Øn-s‚bpw
am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-s‚bpw `mj-bn¬ a\p-jy-\-
∑bv-°p hncp-≤-amb Imcy-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wv.
A_-et- cmSpw- Zp¿_-et- cm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰Ø - n
¬ GsX-¶nepw XcØnep≈ Aam-\-hn-IX
{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Jp¿B≥ ISp-Ø` - m-jb
- n¬
XS-bp-∂p-≠v. Xs∂ kao-]n® Hcp A‘s\
bYm-ka-bw, bYm-hn[n ]cn-K-Wn-°m-Xn-cp∂
{]hm-N-Is\ C°m-cy-Øn¬ {kjvSm-hns‚
\bw Adn-bn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-Xc - n® Jp¿-B≥
hmIy-߃ C{]-Im-c-amWv:
""At±-l-Øns‚ (\-_n-bp-sS) ASpØp
B A‘≥ h∂-Xn-\m¬ At±lw apJw Np
fn®p Xncn-™p-I-f-™p. (\-_n-tb) \n\°v
F¥-dnbmw? Abmƒ (A-‘≥) Hcp thf ]cn-
ip≤n {]m]n-t®-°m-at√m? As√-¶n¬ D]-
tZiw kzoI-cn°p-Ibpw, B D]-tZiw Abm
ƒ°v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvtX-°m-a-
t√m. F∂m¬ kzbw ]cym-]vXX \Sn®h\m-
Is´;- \o Ahs‚ t\sc {i≤-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.
Ah≥ ]cn-ip≤n {]m]n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m
- ns‚
¬ \n\-s°-¥mWv Ip‰w? F∂m¬ (A√m-
lp-hn-s\) `b-s∏-´p-sIm≠v \ns‚ ASp-°¬
HmSn-h-∂-h-\m-Is´ Ahs‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \o
A{i≤ ImWn-°p∂p'' (80:1˛10).-
F√m ZqX≥amcpw ]n¥p-S¿∂p h∂n-cp∂
am\p-jnI aqey-ß-fpsS t{iWn-bn¬ hcp∂
Imcy-amWv A_-e-scbpw Ai-‡-X-scbpw
Ah-c¿l-n-°pw-hn[w ]cn-K-Wn-°pI F∂-Xv.
- m-°n-s°m-
sshI-ey-ap-≈-h-s\bpw sshI-ey-an-√m-Ø-h-
s\bpw Xmc-X-ay-hn-t[-b-am°n kao-]-\-ß-
fn¬ hy-Xymkw hcp-Øp-∂Xv ssZh-\n-bp-‡-
cmb ZqX≥am¿ A\p-h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ \bam-
bn- c p- ∂ n- √ . AXp- s Im- ≠ mWv A‘- \ mb
hy‡nsb Ah-K-Wn-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ {]hm-
N-I≥ Xncp-Ø-s∏-´-Xv. a\pjyka-Xz-Øn-
s‚bpw am\p-jnI ktlm-Z-cy-Øns‚bpw
Imcy-Øn¬ Jp¿-B\ - n-ts-Xmb Cu kao-]\w
]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ XpS¿®bpw ss\
 c-¥-cyhpw Hm¿a-n-∏n-°p-∂p.
Zcn-{Z-]m-e\w
""F∂m¬ Ahs\ (a-\p-jy-s\) Ah≥
]co-£n-°p-Ibpw F∂n-´-hs‚ D]-Po-h\w
CSp-ßn-bX - m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ah≥ ]d
bpw: "Fs‚ c£n-Xmhv Fs∂ A]-am-\n-®n-
cn-°p-∂p'- F∂v. A√!- -]t£,- \n߃ A\m-
Ysb BZ-cn-°p-∂n-√. ]mh-s∏-´-hs‚ Blm-
c-Øn\v \n߃ t{]m’m-l\w \¬Ip-∂p-an-
√. A\-¥-cm-h-Imi kzØv \n߃ hmcn-
°q´-n Xn∂p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. [\sØ \nß
ƒ Aan-X-amb tXmXn¬ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p'' (89:-16-˛20).-
""F∂n´v B ae-ºm-X-bn¬ A-h≥-X≈n-
°-S-∂n√.- B ae-ºmX F¥m-sW∂v \n\-
""Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß- °-dn-bm-tam?- Hcp ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-°p-
Itbm ]´n-Wn-bp≈ \mf-n¬ IpSpw_ _‘-
fpsS ]cn-{i-a-߃ ap≈ Hcp A\m-Ybvt°m ISpØ Zmcn-{Zy-
hn`n-∂-cq-]-Øn-ep-≈- ap≈ Hcp km[p-hnt\m `£Ww sImSp-°p-
Xm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ Itbm sNøp-I-bs{X AXv'' (90:-11-˛16).-
GsXm-cmƒ Zm\w ""Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß-fpsS ]cn-{i-a-߃
hn`n- ∂ - c q- ] - Ø n- e p- ≈ - X m- I p- ∂ p. F∂m¬
\¬Ip-I-bpw, GsXm-cmƒ Zm\w \¬Ip-I-bpw, kq£vaX
kq£vaX ]men-°p- ]men-°p-I-bpw, G‰hpw DØ-a-ambXns\
I-bpw, G‰hpw DØ- kXy-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXpthm Ah∂-v
\mw G‰hpw Ffp-∏a - m-bX- n-te°v kuI-cys∏-
a-ambXns\ kXy-s∏- Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-XmWv'' (92:-4˛7).-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw ""\_ntb,- \ns‚ c£n- X mhv \ns∂
sNbvXpthm Ah∂-v ssIhn-´n-´n-√;- shdp-Øn-´p-an-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw
]c-tem-I-amWv \n\°v Cl-tem-IsØ °m
\mw G‰hpw Ffp-∏-
ƒ DØ-a-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. hgnsb \n\°v \ns‚
am-b-Xn-te°v kuI- c£n-Xmhv (A-\p-{K-l-߃) \¬Ip-∂Xpw
cys∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp- At∏mƒ \o Xr]vXn-s∏Sp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. \ns∂
°p-∂-XmWv''.- Ah≥ H-cp A\m-Y-\mbn Is≠-Øp-Ibpw
F∂n´v (\n-\-°v) B{ibw \¬Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXnt√? \ns∂ Ah≥ hgn-b-dn-bm-Ø-h-
\mbn Is≠Øp-Ibpw F∂n´v (\n-\-°v)
am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬ Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.
\ns∂ Ah≥ Zcn-{Z-\mbn Is≠-Øp-Ibpw
F∂n-´-h≥ sFizcyw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂p. F∂n-cns°,- A\m-Ysb \o ASn-
®-a¿Ø-cp-Xv. tNmZn®p hcp-∂hs\ \o hnc´n-
hn-Sp-Ibpw sNø-cpXv'' (93:-3˛10).-
""IpØn∏d-bp-∂-hc-pw Ah-tl-fn-°p-∂-h-
cp-amb GsXm-cmƒ°pw \miw. AXm-bXv
[\w tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv FÆnt\m°n
s°-m≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-\v. Ahs‚
[\w Ah\v imizX PohnXw \¬In-bn-cn-
°p∂p F∂v Ah≥ hnNm-cn-°p∂p'' (104:-1˛3).-
""aXsØ hymP-am-°p-∂-h-\m-sc∂v \o
2006Un-kw-_¿- 47
I≠pthm? A\m-Y-°-p-´nsb X≈n°-f-bp-
Ibpw ]mh-s∏-´-hs‚ `£-W-Øns‚ Imcy-
Øn¬ t{]m’m-l-\w- \SØmXn-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-h-\s{X AXv. F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS
\a-kvIm-c-sØ-∏‰n {i≤-bn-√m-Ø-h-cpw P\-
ßsf ImWn-°m≥ th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
h-cpw ]tcm-]-Imc hkvXp-°ƒ apS-°p-∂-h-
cp-amb \a-kvIm-c° - m¿°mIp∂p \miw'' (107:-
1˛7).-
""Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Xm≥ kºm- Z n®p
sh®-Xn\v ]W-b-s∏-´-h-\m-Ip-∂p. he-Xp-]-
£-°m-scm-gnsI.- Nne kz¿K-tØm-∏p-I-fn-em-
bn-cn°pw Ah¿. Ip‰-hm-fn-I-sf-∏‰n Ah¿
At\z-jn-°pw. \nßsf \c-I-Øn¬ {]th-
in-∏n-®Xv Fs¥m-∂m-sW-∂v. Ah¿ (Ip-‰-hm-
fn-Iƒ) adp-]Sn ]d-bpw:- R߃ \a-kvI-cn-
°p-∂-h-cpsS Iq´-Øn-em-bn-√. R߃ AK-
Xn°v Blmcw \¬Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. tXm∂n-
hm-k-Øn¬ apgp-Ip-∂-h-cpsS IqsS Rßfpw
apgp-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p'' (74:-38-45).-
km¿h-eu-In-I-ß-fpw km¿h-Im-en-I-ß-
fp-amb H´-\-h[n aqey-ß-fn-te°v Jp¿-B≥
shfn®w hoip-∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hp-I-fmWv apI-
fn¬ D≤-cn® hN-\-ß-sfm-s°-bpw. Zcn-{Z-sc-
bpw AK-Xn-I-sf-bpw Zp¿_-e-sc-bpw imco-cn-
I-˛-km-º-ØnI ÿnXn-K-Xn-I-fn¬ Ahicm-
bn-´p-≈-h-scbpw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw A¿ln-°p-
∂-hn-[-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I-bpw Ah¿°v
klm-bhpw kwc-£-Whpw ]n≥_-ehpw
Pohn-X-\n-e-\n¬]n-\m-h-iy-amb LS-I-ßfpw
\¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpI F∂p≈ DZm-c-amb
am\p-jn-IX - b- psS aqeyw Ah-KW - n-®p-sIm≠v
GsX-¶nepw ImeØv am\hcmin-°n-S-bn¬
ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w Ah-X-cn-∏n-®ncp-∂n√
F∂pw Jp¿B≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. hnhn[
hN-\-ß-fnem-bn- B-h¿Øn-°p∂ Bi-b-
߃ km¿hm-en-I-amb aqey-ß-fpsS ss\c-
¥-cysØ Hm¿a-n-∏n-°p-∂p.
a\pjy {]Ir-Xnbpw kz`m-h-ßfpw
GsXm-cp-th-ZØ - n-s‚bpw A`n-kwt_m-[n-
X-hrØw a\p-jy-cm-I-bm¬ a\p-jy-cpsS
kz`mh sshhn- [ y- ß - f n- t e°pw \√Xpw
NoØ-bp-amb hnhn[ LS-I-ß-fn-te°pw
{i≤ £Wn-°p∂ ]cm-a¿i-߃ thZ-ß-
fn¬- ImWpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ \¬Ip∂ hnh-c-W-ßf\p-k-cn®v a\p-
jy-s\bpw Ahs‚ kz`m-h-ß-fnse hn`n∂
XI-sfbpw kw_-‘n®v F√m thZ-ß-fnepw
]cm-a¿i-߃ h∂n-´p-≠v F∂p a\- n-em-
°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.
""IqSn- t ®¿∂p- ≠ mb Hcp _oP- Ø n¬
 \n∂v Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw a\p-jys\ krjvSn-
®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahs\ \mw ]co-£n-°p-hm-\m-
bn´v Aßs\ Ahs\ \mw tIƒhn-bp-≈-
h\pw ImgvN-bp-≈-h-\p-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.''
""Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw Ah\v hgn- Im-Wn
®psImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂n´v H∂p-In¬
Ah≥ \μn-bp-≈-h-\m-Ip-∂p. As√-¶n¬
\μn-sI-´-h-\m-Ip∂p'' (76:- 2-3).-
a\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb {]IrXw
\∑-tbmSv B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ Ah
≥ k≥am¿K-nbpw {kjvSm-hn-t\mSv \μn-bp-
a\p-jy-¿- hn`n∂
≈-h\pw BIp-∂p. Ahs‚ {]IrXw Xn≥a-
coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p- tbmSv ASpØp \n¬°p-∂Xpw Xn∑-tbmSv
Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p- B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈-Xp-am-sW-¶n¬ Ah≥ {kjv
Ibpw sNøp∂p. a\p Sm-hns\ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw \μn-tI-Sp-Im-Wn-
jy\v e`n-°p∂ ku °p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂v hn
hn[ Jp¿-B≥ hN-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v hy‡-am-
I-cy-ßsf Ah≥
Ip-∂p.
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn
a-\p-jy-s≥-d- Al-¥
epw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-
a\p-jy-Po-hn-bn¬ F°m-eØpw Gdnbpw
Xn-ep-sa√mw CØcw Ipd™pw \ne-\n¬°p∂ H-cp- Zp- z-`m-h-am-
sshhn-[y-߃ Im Wv- Al-¶m-cw.- kz¥w tijn-bpsS `mK-sa∂v
Wmw. [\-tØm-Spw ImWp∂ GXns‚ t]cnepw Al-¶-cn-°p-
hm\-p≈ Hcp- Xzc Nne a\p-jy-cn¬ F°m-
kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬
e-Øp-ap-≠v.- a\pjy-\n¬ Bflob hf¿®°v
{kjvSm-hp -\¬Ip∂
XS- -ambn \n¬°p∂ kz`m-h-]-c-amb amen-
B\p-Iq-ey-ß-tfm-Sp- \y-ßsf hn]m-S\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-
ap≈ a\p-jys‚ amb am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Ip∂ Jp¿-B≥ CØ
kao-]-\-ß-fnse cw Xn≥a-I-fpsS tZmj-h-i-߃ FSpØp
sshcp-[-y-߃- F√m- Im´n hna¿in-°p- I- b
- pw AØcw hna¿i-\ß - -
Im-eØpw a\p-jy- fn-eqsS a\p-jy-cn¬ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ap-≠m-°p-
hm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
am¿K-Z¿i-\-]-c-amb
""Xo¿®-bmbpw a\p-jys\ \mw krjvSn-
tcJ-I-fn¬- ]cm- ®n-´p-≈Xv t¢iw kln-t°≠ \ne-bn-em-Ip-
a¿in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-h- ∂p. Ahs\ ]nSn-Iq-Sm≥ B¿°pw km[n-°p-
bmWv F∂v Jp¿-B- Itb Cs√∂v Ah≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂pt≠m?
\nse \nc-h[n Ah≥ ]d-bp-∂p-˛-Rm≥ ta¬°p-ta¬ [\w
Xpe-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v. Ah≥ hnNm-cn-°p-
hmIy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
∂pt≠m Ahs\ Bcpw I - ≠
- n-´n-s√∂v?- Ah
sXfn-bp∂p. \v \mw c≠p IÆp-Ifpw Hcp \mhpw c≠p
Np≠p-Ifpw D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-Øn-´n-√t√?'' (90:-
4˛9).-
""\n߃ ih-Ip-So-c-߃ kμ¿in-°p-∂-
Xp-h-tc°pw ]c-kv]cw s]cpa \Sn-°pI
F∂ Imcyw \nßsf A{i-≤-bn-em°nbn-cn-
°p-∂p. \n w-ibw \n߃, hgnsb Adn-
™p-sIm-≈pw. ]ns∂bpw \n wibw,- \nß
ƒ hgnsb Adn-™p-sIm-≈pw. \n w-ibw,-
\n߃ ZrV-amb Adnhv Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-s∂-
¶n¬;- Pzen-°p∂ \c-IsØ \n߃ Im-Wp
IXs∂ sNøpw.- ]ns∂ Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß
2006Un-kw-_¿- 48
ƒ AXns\ ZrV-ambpw IÆn¬ ImWp-I-
Xs∂ sNøpw. ]n∂oSv B Znh-k-Øn¬
kpJm-\p`-h-ß-sf-∏‰n Xo¿®-bmbpw \n߃
tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-IX - s∂ sNøpw'' (102:-1˛8).-
a\p-jy-cn¬ F°m-e-Øp-ap≈ kz`m-h-]-
c-amb ssiYn-ey-ß-fn-te°v hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂-
h-bmWp apI-fn¬ D≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-
߃.- Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ F√m-th-Z-ßfpw
kq£va-amb am¿K-Z¿i-\-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw
a\p-jys\ kwkvIc - n-°m\p≈ \n¿tZ-iß - ƒ
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v F∂p
ImWmw.
I¿a-ssh-hn-[yw-
""Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß-fpsS ]cn-{iaw hn`n
∂ cq]-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ GsXm-
cmƒ Zm\w \¬Ip-I-bpw, kq£vaX ]men-
°p-Ibpw G‰hpw DØ-a-am-b-Xns\ kXy-s∏-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXpthm Ah∂p \mw G‰
hpw Ffp-∏-am-b-Xn-te°v kuI-cy-s∏-SpØn
sImSp-°p-∂XmWv. F∂m¬ B¿ ]nip°p
ImWn-°p-Ibpw kzbw ]cym-]vXX \Sn-°p-
Ibpw G‰hpw DØ-a-am-b-Xns\ \ntj-[n®p
X≈p-Ibpw sNbvXpthm Ah\p \mw G‰
hpw sRcp-°-ap-≈-Xn-te°v kuI-cy-sam-cp-
°n -sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah≥- \mi-Øn¬
]Xn-°p-tºmƒ Ahs‚ [\w Ah\v {]tbm-
P-\-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw am¿K-Z¿i\w
\ΩpsS _m[y-X-bm-Ip∂p'' (92:-4˛12).
a\p-jy-¿- hn`n∂ coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p-
Ibpw {]h¿Øn- ° p- I bpw sNøp∂p.
a\pjy\v e`n-°p∂ kuI-cy-ßsf Ah≥
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xnepw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-ep-
sa√mw CØcw sshhn-[y-߃ ImWmw. [\-
tØm-Spw kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬ {kjvSm-hp -
\¬ Ip∂ B\p-Iq-ey-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ a\p-
jys‚ kao-]-\-ß-fnse sshcp-[-y-߃-
F√m-Im-eØpw a\p-jy-am¿K-Z¿i-\-]-c-amb
tcJ-I-fn¬- ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-h-bmWv
F∂v Jp¿-B-\nse \nc-h[n hmIy-ß-fn¬
\n∂pw sXfn-bp∂p.
`uXn-I-{]-a-ØX
Cl- t em- I - Ø n- s ‚bpw ]c- t em- I - Ø n-
s‚bpw Imcy-߃°n-S-bn¬ th¿Xn-cn®p
I¬]n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈-XmWv F°m-eØpw
ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ s]mXp-L-S-\.
a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ Pohn-X-hp-ambn hymh-lm-
cnI_‘w XpS-cp∂ Ime-sØm-s°bpw Cu
th¿Xn-cnhv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ hnip-
≤- Jp¿B≥ hy‡n-I-fpsS Cl-]-c- k-ao-]-
\- ß ƒ°n- S - b n- e pw Cl- t emI Xm¬]- c y-
Øn\pw ]ctemI Xm¬]-cy-Øn-\p-an-S-bnepw
 th¿Xn-cnhp I¬]n-®n-´p-≈-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂
a‰p-th-Z-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hml-I-cm-bn-cp∂
am¿K-Z¿i-I-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßfpw Cl-]c
Pohn-X-߃°n-S-bn¬ th¿Xncn®p I¬]n-®-
Xmbn a\- n-em-°mw.
""Xo¿®-bmbpw C°q-´¿ £Wn-I-amb
sFlnI Pohn-XsØ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. `mc-
ta-dnb Hcp Znh-kØ - ns‚ Imcyw Ah¿ Xß-
fpsS ]pd-In¬ hn´p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p''
(78:-27).-
a\p-jy≥ sFlnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ hyh-
lmc{Ia-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬
t]mepw Xs‚ ]c-tem-I-Øns‚ ImcysØ
]c-a{- ]-[m-\a
- mbn Icp-Xp-Ibpw AX-\p-kc - n®p
{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw thW-sa-∂mWv Jp¿-B-
{kjvSm-hn-s\-bpw
\ns‚ am¿K-Z¿i\w.- Cl-tem-I-Øns‚ {]h
Ahs‚ al-Øz-sØ- ¿Ø-\ß - sf ]c-tem-IØ - ns‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß - -
bpw Ign-hp-I-sfbpw fm°n am‰p∂ aqey-߃ F°m-eØpw ssZ
]‰n Hm¿an-∏n®p- hnI am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂p
sIm≠v a\p-jy-cm- F∂p Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v Jp¿-B≥ XS w
\n¬°p-∂n-√. a\p-jy-\p-ambn _‘-s∏´
insb {kjvSm-hns‚
Bhmk ]cn-k-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ sFlnI
am¿K-\n¿tZ--i -ß-fn-
Pohn-X-Øns‚ LS-\-bnepw kz`m-h-Øn-ep-
te°v £Wn-°p- ambn \n¬°p∂ Imcy-ßsf ssZhnI am¿K-
Z¿i-\-aq-ey-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v {Iao-I-cn-°p-hm≥
Ibpw hnfn-°p-Ibpw
F°m-eØpw a\p-jy-cmin _m[y-kvY-cm-Wv.-
sNøpI F∂
kao]\-coXn F°m- I¿aß-fnse Bbm-khpw
Bbm-k-cm-ln-Xyhpw
e-sØbpw ZqX≥am¿
""F∂m¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw sRcp-°-Øns‚
Ah-ew-_n®p h∂n-´p-
IqsS Hcp Ffp-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pw'' (94:-5˛6).-
≈-Xm-Wv. Cu kao-
ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i-\m-\p-kr-Xa - mb Pohn
]\w hnip≤ Jp¿- Xw AXns‚ {]Xy£ LS-\-bn¬ sRcp-°-
B\n¬ ]e coXn- ap-≈-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw F∂m¬
bn¬ Bh¿Øn®p BXy-¥n-I-ambn AXv Bbm-k-c-ln-X-am-bn-
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn- cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂ kXyw F°m-eØpw
°p-∂p. {]hm-N-I-≥am-cn-eqsS a\p-jy-cm-in-°n-S-bn¬
{]t_m-[\w sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≈X - m-Wv. a\p-jy≥
Ahs‚ CO-bpsS \nb-{¥-Wt- a-s‰-Sp-°m-sX,
CO Ahs‚ \nb-{¥-W-ta-s‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠p
Pohn-°p∂ PohnX {Ia-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ ssZhn-
I- a m¿K- Z ¿i- \ - ß sf°p--d n®p Nn¥n- ° pI
F∂-Xp-Xs∂ Nne¿°v `mc-ambn A\p-`-h-
s∏-SpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Cu am\-k-n-Im-h-
ÿsb adn-I-S-°phm≥- ssZhn-I-\n¿tZ-i-
߃ A\p-k-cn®p Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS IcK-
X-am-Ip∂ lrZ-b-hn-im-e-X-bn-eqsS km[n-
°p∂p F∂mWv hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\ns‚ \ne-
]mSv . - bYm¿Y- Ø n¬ a\p- j ym- h - ÿ bpw
ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-
Øn-s‚-bpw, a\p-jy\pw ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i-
\-Øn-\p-an-S-bn-ep≈ hn\n-a-b-˛-kzo-I-c-W-]-c-
2006Un-kw-_¿- 49
amb coXn-bp-sSbpw Hcp kp{]-[m\ hi-am-
Wn-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, F°m-eØpw a\p-jy\v
ssZhnI am¿K--Z¿i\w Bbm-k-c-ln-X-ambn
Øocp-hm-\p≈ hgn-bmbn h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cp-∂X- v, ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w kzoI-cn-°pI
F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. adn®v ssZhn-I-am¿K-
Z¿i-\sØ AI-∂p-\n∂v ho£n-°p-tºmƒ
AXn¬ {]bmkhpw Bbm-khpw Gsd-bp-
≈-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I-bmWp sNbvXn-´p-
≈Xv F∂p ImWmw. hfsc kp{]-[m-\-amb
Cu Imcyw Jp¿-B-\n¬ am{X-a-√, Jp¿-B-
\n\p apºv am\hcmin-bn¬ Ah-Xc - n® F√m-
th-Z-ß-fnepw ]cm-a¿in-X-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v
Jp¿-B≥ 94:- 5˛6¬ \n∂v {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
ssZh-\n-μ-s°-Xn-cn¬ ap∂-dn-bn∏v
""Ah-cpsS c£n-Xmhv At∂-Zn-hkw Ah-
sc-∏‰n kq£vaa - mbn Adn-bp-∂h - ≥ Xs∂-bm-
Ip-∂n√m (Jp¿-B≥ 100:-11).-
{kjvSm-hns‚ Ign-hp-I-sfbpw i-‡n-sb-
bpw- -]m-S-h-sØbpw Ipdn-s®-√mw- a-\p-jy≥
A{i-≤-\pw A⁄-\pw Ae-k\pw Bbn-cn-
°p∂ Ime-ß-fnepw L´ß-fn-ep-amWv Ah-
\n¬ \n∂v IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-embn Xn∑-Iƒ
Bhn¿`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I.- F°m-e-sØ
bpw Cu A\p-`h bmYm¿Y-yw ap-lΩ - Z- v- \_n
(-)°v apºv h∂p-t]mb F-√m- {]hm-NI - ≥ - am-
cpsSbpw- ktμ-i -Zu-Xy-ß-fn¬- ]cn-K-Wn-°-
s∏-´n-´p≠v. AXn-\m¬ {kjvSm-hns‚ Adn-
hn-s‚-bpw \nco-£W - Ø- n-s‚bpw ap∂n¬ a\p-
jy-I¿a-ßf - n¬ H∂n-\p-t]mepw Hgn-hp-Ig - nhp
\¬I-s∏-Sp-I-bn√ F∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb
BZ¿iw F°m-eØpw ZqX≥am¿ kaq-l
sØ ]Tn-∏n®p h∂n-´p-≠v. {kjvSm-hn-s\-bpw
Ahs‚ al-Øz-sØ-bpw Ign-hp-I-sfbpw
]‰n Hm¿an-∏n®p- sIm≠v a\p-jy-cm-insb {k
jvSm-hns‚ am¿K-\n¿tZ--i-ß-fn-te°v £Wn-
°p-Ibpw hnfn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂ kao
]\-coXn F°m-e-sØbpw ZqX≥am¿ Ah-
ew-_n®ph∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu kao-]\w
hnip≤ Jp¿-B\n¬ ]e coXn-bn¬ Bh¿
Øn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
Cßs\ Bi-b-ß-fnepw XØ-z-ßfnepw
BZ¿i-ßf - nepw ho£-Wß - f
- nepw Jp¿-B≥
AXns‚ ]q¿h-Im-e-sØbpw ]q¿h-thZ kc-
Wn-sbbpw ]n≥]-‰p-∂p. ssZhn-I-am¿K-Z¿i-
\-Øn-s‚bpw aqey-ß-fp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬
hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥ ]q¿h-Im-eØ - ns‚ XpS¿®
Xs∂-bmWv F∂v hnhn[ Jp¿-B-\nI Bi-
b-ß-fneq-sSbpw ]cm-a¿i-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw a\-
 n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
 Xn-cp-sam-gn-

A-_q-ap-^o-Zv-
[¿-a-Øn-s≥-d- hn-hn-[- h-gn-Iƒ-......-
A_qlpdbvd()bn¬\n∂v \nthZ\w. \_n()]d™p: ""kq-cy≥- D-Zn-°p-∂- Hmtcm- Zn-h-khpw-
a\p-jy-cp-sS- F-√m- k-‘n-Iƒ-°pw- Hm-tcm- [¿-a-ap-≠v.- c-≠m-fp-Iƒ- XΩn-ep-≈- H-cp-{]-i-v\-Øn¬- \o-
\o-Xn- ]m-en-°p-∂X- v- [¿-aa- m-Ip-∂p.- H-cm-sf- A-bm-fp-sS- k-hm-cn- ar-KØ
- n-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- \o- klmbn- _-p-Jm-cn-
°p-∂X - ˛
v- A-bm-sf- A-Xn-t∑¬- I-b‰- n-s°m-Sp-°p-It- bm- A-bm-fp-sS- N-c° - p-Iƒ- A-Xn-s≥-d- ]pdØv- ap-kv-enw-
s]m-°n-sh-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-t-bm- sN-øp-∂-Xv- [¿-a-am-Ip-∂p.- \-√-hm-°v- [¿-a-am-Ip-∂p.- \o- \-a-kv-I-
cn-°p-hm-\m-bn- \-S-∂p-t]-m-Ip-∂- Hm-tcm- Im¬-sh-∏n-epw- [¿-a-ap-≠v.- h-gn-bn¬- \n-∂v- \o- i-e-y-߃-
\o°w- sN-øp-∂-Xpw- [¿-a-am-Ip-∂p''.
\-ak - vI
- m- c - w,- t\m-ºv,- - kvX- p-Xn-Io¿-Ø- {K-X- Im-Wn-°p-∂-hcpw,- ]-´n-tbm- ]q-®- _n-()-bp-sS-b-Sp-°-¬- sN-∂p-sIm-≠v- ]-
\-߃- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw- a-l-Øm-b- tbm- hm-l-\w- I-b-dn- N-X-™-c-™- \n- d-™p-:- ""A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- Zq-Xt- c,- {]-Xn^-
{]-Xn-^-ew- e-`n-°p-∂- ]p-Wy-I¿-a-ß-fm- e-bn¬- tdm-´n¬- In-S-°p-I-bpw- No-™-fn- e-ß-sf-√mw- Iq-Sp-X¬- [-\-ap-≈-h¿- sIm-
Wv.- F-∂m¬- A-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- B-cm-[- ™v- Zp¿-K‘w- h-an-∏n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øptºm ≠p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- R-߃- \-a-kv-I-cn-
\m-I¿-a-߃- am-{Xw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠pw- ƒ- A-sXm-∂v- \o-°w- sN-øp-hm≥- {i-an°m °p-∂-Xp-t]m-se- A-h-cpw- \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-
k-lP - o-hn-Is - f-°p-dn-®v- Nn-¥n- ° - m-sX-bpw- -sX- aq-°-p-s]m-Øn- \-S-∂-I-ep-I-bpw- kz- ∂p.- R-߃- t\m-º\ - p-jTv- n-°p- ∂
- X - p t]m-
A-h-cp-sS- {]-bm-k-ß-fn¬- k-lm-b-l-kv- ¥w- ho-Sn-s≥-d- ap-ºn-em-bn-cp-∂n-´pw- A-Xv- se- A-hc - pw t\m-º\ - p-jvT- n-°p- ∂- p.- (AXn-
Xw- \o-´p-hm≥- {i-an-°m-sX-bpw- I-gn-b-W- \o-°w- sN-ø¬- tIm-¿-∏-td-j≥- A-[n-Ir- ∂p- ]p-d-sa)- A-h¿- A-h-cp-sS- an-®-ap-≈-
sa-∂√ - - C-kve - mw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - v.- \-∑bm- X-cp-sS-tbm- ]-©m-b-Øv-˛ ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n- k-ºØ - -v [¿-aw- sN-øp-∂p''.- (kz-Øn-√mØ-
b- F-¥pw- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- {]-Xn-^-e-w- °m-c-p-sS-tbm- I-S-a-bm-sW-∂v- ]-d-™v- I- R-߃- C-°m-cy-Øn¬- A-h-cp-sS- ]n-∂n-
B-{K-ln-®p-sIm-≠v- sN-øp-∂-Xv- {k-jv-Sm X-Ipw- P-\m-e-I-fp-a-S-®v- ho-´n-en-cn-°p-∂-h- em-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂p).- \-_n-()- ]-d-™p-:- ""[
hn-\p-≈- B-cm-[\ - b
- m-Wv.- a-\p-jy-∂v- a\p- cpw- -- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- D-]-cyp-‡- ¿-aw- sN-øm≥- A-√m- l - p- \n-߃-°v- H∂pw-
jy-tcm-Sv- Nn-e- I-S-a-I-fpw- I-S-∏m-Sp-I-fp- h-N\ - hpw- "h-gn-bn¬- \n-∂v- D-]{- Z-hw- \o-°w- sh-®n-´n-t√? Hm-tcm- X-kv-_o-ln-epw- (kp-
ap-≠v.- A-Xv- sh-fn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- D-]-cn- sN-ø¬- hn-iz-m-k-Øn-s≥-d- `m-K-am-sW'--∂- _v-lm-\-√m-lv-˛ A-√m-lp- ]-cn-ip-≤-\m-Ip-
kq-Nn-X- \-_n-h-N-\w.- -hN
- \ - h- pw- a-\ 
- n-cp-Øn- Nn-¥n-t°-≠X - p≠v.- ∂p-˛ F-∂v- ]-d-b¬) [¿-a-ap-≠v.-- Hm-tcm-
A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- A-f-h-‰- A-\p-{K-l- B-fp-Iƒ-°n-Sb - nse- X¿-°ß - f- n¬- \
- o- X-Iv-_o-dn-epw- (A-√m-lp- A-Iv-_¿-˛ A-
߃- B-kz-Zn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- G-sXm-cp- Xn-]q¿-h-w- hn-[n-I¬-]n-°-W-sa-∂- A-[ym- √-m-lp- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-h-\m-Ip-∂v- F-∂v-˛
a-\p-jy-\pw- `q-tem-I-Øv- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- ]-\-Øn-¬-- A-√m-lp-thm {]-hm-N-I-t\m-,- ]-db- ¬) [¿-aa - p-≠v.- Hm-tcm- X-lve - o-en-epw-
Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂-- X-\n-°v- e-`y-amb- kz-¥-°m-sc-t∂m- A-\y-sc-t∂m- t\m-°n;- (em-C-em-l- C-√-√m-lp-˛ A-√-m-lp-h-√m-
k-º-Øv,- B-tcm-Kyw,- A-dn-hv- Xp-S-ßn-b- k-Xyw- A-h-cp-sS- ]-£-Ø-s√-¶n-epw- B- sX- bm-sXm-cp- B-cm-[y-\p-an-√-˛ F-∂v ]-
]-e- A-\p-{K-l-߃- sIm-≠pw- a-‰p-≈-h- sW-∂p- h-cp-Øn-- - -A-h-¿-°-\p-Iq-e-am-bn d-b¬) [¿-a-ap-≠v.- k¬-I¿-aw- sN-øm≥-
sc- k--lm-bn-°¬- k-Xy-h-nizm-kn-bp-sS- P-\-ß-tfm-Sv- I¬-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬- [¿-a-ap-
hn-[n-I¬-]n-°p-h≥- ]-d-™n-´n-√.- kz-¥-
_m-[y-X-bm-Wv.- Pm-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- a-X-Øn- ≠v.- Zp-jv-I¿-a-Øn¬- \n-∂v- hn-e-°p-∂-Xn
°m¿-s°-Xn-cm-sW-¶n-epw- \o-Xn-bp-sS- ]
s≥-d-bp-w-- h¿-W-Øn-s≥-d-bpw h¿-K-Øn- ¬- [¿-a-ap≠v.- \n-ß-fn¬- H-cm-fp-sS- ssew-
£-Øv- \n-e-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂v- hy-‡-am-bn-
s≥-db - pw- tZ-i˛- `m-jI - f- p-sS-bpw- a-Xn¬-sI- Kn-I-hr-Øn-bn¬- t]m-epw- [¿-a-ap-≠v''.-
\n¿-tZ-in-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
´p-Iƒ- t`-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-h¿- tNm-Zn-®p-:- ""A-√m- l - p-hn-s≥-d- Zq-
\-√- hm-°v- ]-d-bp-I- F-∂-Xpw- [¿-aam
[m¿-an-I- Nn-¥I - ƒ.- h-gn-bn¬-\n-∂v- i-eyw- X-tc,- R-ß-fn-sem-cmƒ- X-s≥-d- hn-Im-c-
-sW-∂v- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.- A-hn-sS-
\o-°-w- sN-ø-W-sa-∂v- \-_n()- ]-Tn-∏n® ]q-c-W-Øn-\v- sN-√p-∂-Xn-epw- A-bmƒ-°v-
bpw- Pm-Xn-˛a-X- ]-cn-KW - \- I
- ƒ- t\m-°phm
-t∏mƒ- A-Xv- "ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- am-{Xw- \-S-°p- {]-Xn-^-e-ap-t≠m?''- A-hn-Sp-∂v- a-dp-]-Sn-
≥- ]-d-™n-´n-√.- H-cp-h≥- b-Ym¿-Y- ap-kven
∂- h-gn-bm-sW-¶n¬-'- F-∂- \n-_-‘-\- \¬-In-:- ""-\n-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´- hn-[-Øn-em-bn-
-am-sW-¶n¬- A-h-s≥-d- hm-bn¬- \n-∂v- A-
sbm-∂pw- sh-®n-´n-√. A-h-\-h-s≥-d- ho´n- cp-∂p- A-h≥- hn-Im-c-]q-c-Ww- \-S-Øn-bn-
\y¿-°v- A-tcm-N-I-hpw h-n-j-a-ap-≠m-°p-
se- am-en-\y-ß-fpw- N-h-dp-I-fpw- A-\y-s‚- cp-∂-sX-¶n¬- A-h-∂v- Ip-‰-ap-≠m-Ip-am-bn-
∂Xp-am-b-- hm-°p-Iƒ- ]p-d-Øp-h-cn-√. [¿-
-]-d-ºn-tem- s]m-Xp-h-gn-bn-tem- sIm-≠p- cp-t∂m-?- F-¶n¬- A-Xp-t]m-se- Xs-∂- A-
a-Øn≥d- hn-hn-[- h-gn-Iƒ- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-
t]m-bn- X-´p-I-bpw- a-en-\-P-ew- s]m-Xp-\n- Xv- A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b- hn-[-Øn¬- \-S-Øn-
a-s‰m-cp- \-_n-h-N-\w- Im-Wp-I-:--
c-Øn-te-s°m-gp-°p-Ib - pw-- sN-bX v- v- kz-¥w- bm¬- A-h-∂v- {]-Xn-^-e-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw''-
Im-cyw- am-{Xw- kp-c-£-n-X-am-°p-hm-≥- hy- Z-cn-{Z-cm-b- Ip-d-®m-fp-Iƒ- H-cn-°¬- \- (ap-kv-enw).-

2006Un-kw-_¿- 50