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Determination of Copper Concentration Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometery
Determination of Copper Concentration Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometery
Determination of Copper Concentration Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometery
COLORIMETRIC METHOD
N. D. E. SILAVA
ABSTRACT
1
In this experiment, a UV-Vis Cu2+→Cu(NH3)42+ (deep blue) [2]
spectrophotometer was used for the
analysis of the sample. First, solutions The values of absorbance (A) for a
of 0 ml, 2 ml, 4 ml, 6 ml 8 ml and 10 2500 ppm Cu (II) standard solution
ml were taken from a 2500 ppm were then measured.
working solution and placed in 6 50
Volume Std(ml) Cu (II) ppm Absorbance
ml-volumetric flasks. 10 ml ammonia
2 100 0.082
solution was added to each flask and 4 200 0.17
then diluted to mark. The blank 6 300 0.268
8 400 0.366
solution was put in a plastic cuvette
10 500 0.456
and into the spectrophotometer to
minimize the error caused by the
reflected light [3] then the analytical
wavelength was set by using the most Table 1. Absorbance of solution
concentrated working standard. The It was Absorbance was then plotted
versus Concentration in parts per
calibration curve was then prepared
million (ppm) and the equation of the
by using the prepared solutions and line was determined. It was necessary
plotting their Absorbance (A) vs to use absorbance rather than
Concentration (ppm Cu). Then, a transmittance since absorption peaks
sample of unknown concentration was appear as deep valleys in a
obtained from the instructor and 3 transmittance plot whereas an
absorbance readings were taken and absorbance plot would produce a
linear result. [3]
the concentration was determined.
Thus, it can be said that this
experiment was done to determine the
concentration of Cu (II) ions in a Figure 1. Calibration curve
sample by taking the absorbance and
using Beer’s law to compute the
concentration. Then concentration (x) was expressed
in terms of (y) giving a working
equation
2
become significant at higher
concentrations [4] since the refractive
Trial Absorbance Concentration (ppm) index for the absorbed radiation is
1 0.138 169.7777778
2 0.139 170.8888889
changed at high concentrations. Thus
3 0.139 170.8888889 Beer’s law is ideally applicable to
Average 0.139 170.5185185 solutions with concentrations below
1x10-2 M [3] that is why parts per
million (ppm) is used to indicate the
Table 2. Absorbance of Unknown concentration of Cu(II). Also, Beer;s law
sample applies to as solution that may contain
more than one kind of absorbing
substance provided that there is no
Trial Concentration of Unknown Sol'n (ppm) interaction between them.[5] Chemical
1 1415 deviations upon dilution are also
2 1424
3 1424
possible, leading to lesser actual
Average 1421 concentration in some substances like
the chromate ion.[2] Also, there are
also instrumental limitations to
consider: Stray radiation reaching the
Table 3. Cu (II) Concentration of
detector, sensitivity changes and
Unknown Solution
power fluctuation. Fourth is when a
The calculated value of concentration
band of wavelengths is used rather
of the Unknown Solution gives us a
than monochromatic radiation [3] that
13.68% deviation from the theoretical
causes the detector to measure
value of 1250 ppm, as disclosed by the
average intensity instead of the
instructor. Analysis of the data of the
average of the log intensities. Another
other groups was done and a pooled
source of error is the cuvette has
standard deviation value of 0.524 was
fingerprints, affecting the transmitted
obtained. This shows that the values
radiation ang causing errors in the
obtained experimentally were precise.
Absorbance.
The shape of the calibration
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
curve often depends on the bandwidth.
That was why the wavelength range It could be said that Absorbance
needed to be scanned to determine is directly proportional to the
the best analytical wavelength for Concentration of the substance by
analysis. At this wavelength, change in virtue of Beer’s law and was affirmed
absorbance with concentration is at a by the experiment performed using a
maximum, thus yielding greater UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The
sensitivity and higher accuracy. experiment was taken to be a success
Second, molar absorptivity is constant given the small value of the Pooled
at this band.[3] Standard Deviation for the experiment.
It was suggested that more accurate
However, Beer’s law is also
subject to limitations. First, deviations
3
results would be obtained if a quartz 2500mgL×0.002L.05L=100 ppm
cuvette was used.
REFERENCES
B. Concentration (x) from linear
[1] Pickering, William F. 1966. equation given absorbance (y)
“Fundamental Principles of Chemical
Analysis”. Elsevier Publishing x=y+yinterceptslopeppm
Company. Take absorbance = 0.138
[2] Klingenberg, Joseph. 1965. x=0.138+0.01480.0009 = 169.78 ppm
“Introduction to Quantitative
Chemistry”. Reinhold Publishing Group
169.78 ppm×0.05L0.006L=1415ppm
4
D. Pooled Standard Deviation
8 400 0.366
10 500 0.456
Sample Analysis
Aliquot 6
froms
Stock
Diluted 50
Unknown
1 0.138 169.77777
78
2 0.139 170.88888
89
RAW DATA
3 0.139 170.88888
GROUP A 89
Max λ 606.0 nm
Calibration Curve
Concentra 2500
tion ppm: GROUP B
5
Team B 11 ml
Calibration
Curve GROUP C
Concentra 2500
tion ppm:
Team C 14 mL
2 100 0.093
6
Unknown
1 0.32 362.11111
11
2 0.32 362.11111
11
3 0.32 362.11111
11