SATELLITE

COMMUNICATION

VIVEK SODHI
06DDEC118
Table of Contents

 Satellite orbits
 Terms of SATCOM
 Why SATCOM
 Bandwidth
 Types of bands
 Antenna
 Antenna parameter
 Types of antenna
 Parabolic Antenna and its types
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

 Artificial Satellite

 Orbit : LEO
GEO
Molniya Orbit
What Keeps Objects in Orbit?

 TWO FORCES

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Terms of SATCOM

 Uplink- ground to satellite

 Downlink- satellite to ground
 Crosslink- satellites communicate with each
other
 Attenuation - reduces signal strength at receiver
 Noise – random and unpredictable signals
superimposed on info signal
WHY SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Information is more nowadays and so is frequency required

BANDWIDTH
 For different cases different meaning
 For Passband - difference between upper and
lower frequencies
 For low pass - its equal to upper cut-off
frequency
 Capacity of channel
 Bits per second for digital; hertz for analog
Types of Bands

L - BAND 1 to 2 GHz Military, GPS,

Satellite Radio

S - BAND 2 to 4 GHz Weather

broadcasting,
Radar

C - BAND 4 to 6 GHz satellite television

broadcasts, Wi-Fi,
satellite
communications
Ex. C - BAND 6 to 8GHz military
communication

X - BAND 8 to 12 GHz remote sensing,

radars, weather
mapping

Ku - BAND 12 to 18 GHz satellite

communications
and DTH (Direct
To Home) services
Ka - BAND 18 to 20 GHz In future for
SATCOM, higher
bandwidth rates for
lower costs
ANTENNA

 radiates or receives RF or microwave power

 Acts as a transducer
 Used for radio and television broadcasting,
point-to-point radio communication, wireless
LAN, radar, and space exploration.
 Can also be used under water and through soil,
rock
Antenna Array

Directional radiation
pattern
Antenna Parameters
 Gain - measures efficiency
 Radiation pattern
 Bandwidth - range of frequencies

 Polarization - orientation of the electric field (E-

plane) of the radio wave with respect to the
Earth's surface

 Efficiency – ratio of power radiated to power

put in terminals
Basic antenna models
 Isotropic radiator
- theoretical antenna
- comparison with other antennas

 Dipole antenna
-two wires pointed in opposite
directions
-one end to radio; other being free
 Yagi-Uda
- similar to dipole
- a reflector is added

 random wire
- long wire; one end to radio, other end free
- arranged according to space

 Horn
- high gain antenna
- wavelength is short
- large in size
Parabolic Antenna
 Used in Satellite communication
 High gain
 Parabolic reflector and feed at its focus

Types of Parabolic Antenna

 Prime focus
 Offset
 Cassegrain
 Gregorian
 Prime focus
- typical parabolic antenna
- only for reception
 Offset

- used in VSAT communication

- feed is offset to the reflector
 Cassegrain

- convex secondary reflector

- feed is mounted on primary reflector
 Gregorian
- Concave secondary reflector

- Dual Optics Antenna

End