Chapter 6

Lateral earth pressure

6.1

For 0 ¼ 37 the active pressure coefficient is given by

1  sin 37
Ka ¼ ¼ 0:25
1 þ sin 37

The total active thrust (Equation 6.6a with c0 ¼ 0) is

1 1
Pa ¼ Ka H 2 ¼  0:25  17  62 ¼ 76:5 kN=m
2 2

If the wall is prevented from yielding, the at-rest condition applies. The approximate
value of the coefficient of earth pressure at-rest is given by Equation 6.15a

K0 ¼ 1  sin 0 ¼ 1  sin 37 ¼ 0:40

and the thrust on the wall is

1 1
P0 ¼ K0 H 2 ¼  0:40  17  62 ¼ 122 kN=m
2 2

6.2

The active pressure coefficients for the three soil types are as follows:

1  sin 35
Ka1 ¼ ¼ 0:271
1 þ sin 35
1  sin 27 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
Ka2 ¼ ¼ 0:375; Ka2 ¼ 0:613
1 þ sin 27
1  sin 42
Ka3 ¼ ¼ 0:198
1 þ sin 42
 Lateral earth pressure 35

Distribution of active pressure (plotted in Figure Q6.2):

Depth (m) Soil Active pressure (kN/m2)

3 1 0:271  16  3 ¼ 13:0
5 1 (0:271  16  3) þ (0:271  9:2  2) ¼ 13:0 þ 5:0 ¼ 18:0
5 2 f(16  3) þ (9:2  2)g 0:375  (2  17  0:613) ¼ 24:9  20:9 ¼ 4:0
8 2 4:0 þ (0:375  10:2  3) ¼ 4:0 þ 11:5 ¼ 15:5
8 3 f(16  3) þ (9:2  2) þ (10:2  3)g 0:198 ¼ 19:2
12 3 19:2 þ (0:198  11:2  4) ¼ 19:2 þ 8:9 ¼ 28:1

At a depth of 12 m, the hydrostatic pressure ¼ 9:8  9 ¼ 88:2 kN/m2 . Calculation of

total thrust and its point of application (forces are numbered as in Figure Q6.2 and
moments are taken about the top of the wall) per m:
Total thrust ¼ 571 kN/m.
Point of application is (4893/571) m from the top of the wall, i.e. 8.57 m.

Force (kN) Arm (m) Moment (kN m)

1
(1)  0:271  16  32 ¼ 19.5 2.0 39.0
2
(2) 0:271  16  3  2 ¼ 26.0 4.0 104.0
1 2
(3)  0:271  9:2  2 ¼ 5.0 4.33 21.7
2
(4) [0:375 f(16  3) þ (9:2  2)g  f2  17  0:613g] 3 ¼ 12.2 6.5 79.3
1
(5)  0:375  10:2  32 ¼ 17.2 7.0 120.4
2
(6) [0:198 f(16  3) þ (9:2  2) þ (10:2  3)g] 4 ¼ 76.8 10.0 768.0
1 2
(7)  0:198  11:2  4 ¼ 17.7 10.67 188.9
2
1
(8)  9:8  92 ¼ 396.9 9.0 3572.1
2
571.3 4893.4

Figure Q6.2