I Ðû¦è[ª-
Sukumar: My bike has been giving trouble have + pp/ has + pp Ñí£-óµ«-TÙà¶
since monday. I haven't been able
to find a good mechanic.
(þ¼÷ª-î¦ô¢Ù ìªÙ# û¦ òµjÚ våñªöËÀ
Ïþ¼hÙC. ÷ªÙ# ڥ-EÚ Ó÷ô¢« ë•ô¢-ÚÛ-
ç¶xë]ª)
Sudheer: Why don't you try my mechanic?
He has been attending to my bike
for a long time now, and he has
done a good job of it so far.
(û¦ ڥ-E-ÚÂÚÛª ÓÙë]ªÚÛª àŸ«í‡ÙàŸ-ÚÛ«-
è[ë]ª? û¦ òµjÚ ÍêŸû¶ àŸ«ú£ªhÙ-æ°è[ª.
Ïí£p-æ¨-÷-ô¢ÚÛª ò°Þ¥û¶ àŸ«ø‹è[ª).
Sukumar: I haven't thought of it. Thank you.
Let's take my bike to him.
(û¶û¦ Nù£óŸªÙ ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª Îö˺-#Ù-àŸ-
ö¶ë]ª. û¦ òµjÚ ÍÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ Bú£ª·Ú-üŒë¯Ù.)
Sudheer: He hasn't opened shop yet. 10 o'
îµü°xô¦... îµRx ÷à¦aô¦?
clock will be OK.
(ÍêŸ-EÙÚ¥ ÿ§íà êµô¢-÷-ö¶ë]ª. 10 ÞœÙå-
õÚÛª îµRê¶ ú£J-ð¼-꟪ÙC).
Sukumar: OK then. I haven't (have not) had
my bath and breakfast yet. I will
be at your place by 9.30.
(û¶ìª ÏÙÚ¥ þ§oìÙ à¶óŸª-ö¶ë]ª. vò¶ÚÂ-ðƧúÃd
ÏÙÚ¥ Í÷-ö¶ë]ª. Oª ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ û¶ìª 9.30
ÚÛö°x ÷þ§h).
Sudheer: OK (ú£¸ô)
have + pp/ has + pp, have been + ing/ has
been + ing Ñí£-óµ«Þ¥õìª ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª ÷ªìÙ
àŸ«ø‹Ù.
}
I He has+pp
}
we have+pp She has been+
you It ing
they have been+ing
ví£øŒo: 1) Will she have played?
Will she has played?
2) He never uses pencil.
He never use pencil.
3) Which is your native place?
What is your native place?
4) At what time does Bangalore
express reach Bangalore?
At what time Bangalore express
reaches Bangalore?
Ð î¦Ú¥uö˺x ÔN ú£·ôj-ìN?
5) 'God' third person
ÚÛë¯! ÷ªJ 'God
Íû¦L Ú¥F 'God bless
blesses you'
you'
ÍE ÍÙæ°ô¢ª ÓÙë]ªÚÛª?
6)
‘FÚÛª êµõªþ§?’ Íû¶ î¦Ú¥uEo ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺
'Do you know?'
ÍE ô¦þ§hÙ. ‘ FÚÛª
êµL-óŸªë¯?’ Íû¶ î¦Ú¥uEo ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺
Óö° ô¦óŸ«L?
– ÎôÂ. P÷, ·ôjö¶y-ÚÁ-è[«ô¢ª
áî¦ñª: Oªô¢ª ô¦ú‡ì î¦Ú¥uö˺x Ð Ú¨ÙCN
Correct.
1) Will she have played?
2) He never uses pencil
3) What is your native place?
4) At what time does the Bangalore
express reach Bangalore?
5) 'God bless you' 'May God
í£²Jh-ô¢«í£Ù
bless you' 'May'
Íû¶ ÎQú£ªq. ÷C-ö¶ú‡
'God bless you' ÍÙåªÙæ°Ù.
6) Don't you (Do you not) konw? (FÚÛª
êµMë¯?)
øŒ‰vÚÛî¦ô¢Ù 5 ÎÞœú£ªd 2005
ú£Ùë]ô¦sÄõª
1) (÷«÷´-õªÞ¥) çµjÙ êµLóŸªE past actions.
2) Íí£p-æ¨-ìªÙ# Ïí£p-æ¨-÷-ô¢ÚÛª (Íí£±p-è[-í£±pè[ª) ÏÙÚ¥
áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õÚÛª (actions from then till
now/ (sometimes) even now;
3) just ö°Ùæ¨N î¦è…-ì-í£±pè[ª Ïí£±pè¶ Íô³-ð¼-ô³ì
í£ìª-õÚÛª (actions just completed).
Have been + ing/ has been + ing: ÞœêŸÙö˺ Óí£p-
æ¨-ìªÙ-àµjû¦ vð§ô¢Ùòši, ÏÙÚ¥ áô¢ª-Þœª-꟪ìo í£ìª-õÚÛª.
Ram: How long have you been waiting here?
(ìª÷±y ÏÚÛ\è[ Óí£pæ¨ìªÙ# îµô³æËÀ û¶ìª ÷³Ùò°ô³ îµRx- ÷-à¦aìª. (at all =
Óí£±p-èµ-ü‹x÷±?) Íú£õª)
I have been to Mumbai Suneel: I went there last saturday.
à¶ú£ªhû¦o÷±?)
Raghu: I have been waiting for you for ten (I have gone to Mumbai Ú¥ë]ª). (ð¼ô³ì øŒE-î¦ô¢Ù îµü‹xìª – I/we êÁ went î¦è[-
minutes now. ٠àµûµjo îµü‹xÙ (ÍE AJT ÷#aì êŸô¦yêŸ àµGê¶). ÷àŸªa.)
(í£C ENª-ÿ§-õªÞ¥ F ÚÁú£Ù îµô³æËÀ We have been to Chennai.
(We have gone to Chennai Ú¥ë]ª) Ð sentences English ö˺ practice à¶óŸªÙè….
à¶ú£ªhû¦o).
I, We 'have gone' î¦è[Ù. NªÞœê¦ subjects êÁ 1) ÚÛKÙ: ô¢O, Eìo þ§óŸªÙvêŸÙ ìªNyÙæ˺x ö¶÷±.
ÏÚÛ\è… situation Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. êÁ ÓÚÛ\-è…-·Ú-ü‹x÷±?
'I have been waiting for you for the past ten
î¦è[-÷àŸªa. ô¢N: Eìo ÷« ÍÚÛ\óŸªu í£±æ¨dì ôÁV. î¦RxÙ-æ¨Ú¨
îµü‹xìª.
minutes (for ten minutes now) ÍE ô¢íÆ£³ Ó÷-
JêÁ ÍÙåª-û¦oè[ª? ô¦îªêÁ. Óí£±pè[ª? ô¦îª ÷#aì Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥uõª àŸ«è[Ùè…
êŸô¦yêŸ... ÍÙç¶ ô¦îª ÷#a Ñû¦oè[ª Ú¥ñæ¨d wait- a) î¦üŒ‰x Í-JÚ¥ îµü‹xô¢ª.
ing í£²ô¢hô³ìç¶x ÚÛë¯. Íô³û¦ have been waiting They have gone to the US/ They have left
ÍE ô¢íÆ£³ ÍÙåª-û¦oè[ª. for the US.
I have waited for you for ten minutes now Íì- b) ÷« ÍìoóŸªu èÅ…Mx îµü‹xè[ª.
ö¶ë]ª. My brother has left for/ My brother has
ÏÚÛ\è[ have been waiting/ have waited gone to Delhi.
·ôÙè[« ÚÛ·ô¸Úd. ÍÙç¶ Ð ·ôÙè…Ùæ¨Ú© ÷«÷´õª î¦è[ª- c) ٠šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë îµRx ÷à¦aÙ.
ÚÛö˺ šíë]l ê¶è¯ ö¶ë]ª. Íô³ê¶ We have been to Hyderabad.
ÏÙÚ¥ continue Í÷±-êÁÙC d) û¶ìª òµÙÞœª-üŒŠô¢ª îµRx-÷-à¦aìª.
ÍE continuity Ú¨ I have been to Bangalore.
vð§÷³ÜuÙ Ïî¦yLq ÷›úh
have been + ing/ has
been + ing better.
a) î¦üŒ‰x ñóŸª-æ¨Ú¨ îµü‹xô¢ª. Sudha, where have you been?
M. SURESAN b)
They have gone out.
÷« êŸLx-ë]Ù-vè[ªõª šïj°ë]-ô¦- ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 28 ÚÛKÙ: ìª÷±y Ð ÷ªëÅ]u áóŸª-ÚÛª-÷«ôÂìª Ôiû¦
ò°ë îµü‹xô¢ª. ÚÛõªú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oî¦?
My parents have gone to Hyderabad. û¶ìª/ ٠iú£«ô îµRx-÷-à¦aìª/îµRx-÷à¦aÙ. ô¢N: ö¶ë]ª. î¦è…-í£±pè[ª ÷³Ùò°ô³ö˺ Ñû¦oè[ª.
ÏÚÛ\è[ Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. I/ We have been to Mysore. ÚÛKÙ: ìªîµy-í£±p-è[-ô³û¦ ÷³Ùò°ô³ îµü‹xî¦?
a) They have gone ÍÙç¶ î¦üŒ‰x îµü‹x-ô¢E ÚÛë¯. ô¢N: à¦ö°-þ§ô¢ªx îµü‹xìª. ÷ªJ ìª÷±y?
ÍÙç¶ î¦üŒ‰x ÏÙÚ¥ AJT ô¦ö¶ë]ª. îµü™x ë¯Jö˺ Íô³û¦ ÍÙç¶ ÏÚÛ\è[ Íô¢nÙ, û¶ìª Î ÷²JÚ¨ îµü‹xìû¶ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ ÚÛKÙ: ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª îµüŒx-ö¶ë]ª. Íú£õª û¶ìª šïj°ë]-
ÑÙè•àŸªa, ö¶ë¯ îµü‹x-õ-ìª-ÚÛªìo àÁåªö˺ Íô³û¦ Î ÒJ ÞœªJÙ# û¦ÚÛª êµõªú£ª ÍE ÚÛ«è¯. ô¦ò°ë¶ îµüŒx-ö¶ë]ª.
ÑÙè•àŸªa ÍE. Íö°¸Þ– a) Smitha: Do you know Mumbai well? 2) ú£ª÷ªÙêÂ: Oª û¦ìo-Þ¥-·ô-ÚÛ\è[?
b) My parents have gone to Hyderabad ÍÙç¶ (FÚÛª ÷³Ùò°ô³ ò°Þ¥ êµõªþ§?) ú£ªFöËÀ: ñóŸª-æ¨-·Ú-ü‹xô¢ª.
î¦üŒ‰x šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë îµü™x-ë¯-Jö˺ Íô³û¦ ÑÙè¯L, ö¶ÚÛ- b) Sridhar: Oh, Yes. I have been there a ú£ª÷ªÙêÂ: ÓÚÛ\-è…-·Ú-ü‹xô¢ª?
ð¼ê¶ šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë à¶J Íô³û¦ ÑÙè¯L ÍE. Ïí£±pè[ª number of times. ú£ªFöËÀ: î¦üŒx všíÆÙè ÏÙæ¨Ú¨.
ÏC àŸ«è[Ùè…– (Î Òô¢ª û¦ÚÛª ò°Þ¥ êµõªú£ª. û¶ì-ÚÛ\- ú£ª÷ªÙêÂ: ÓÙêŸ-›ú-í£-ô³ÙC ñóŸª-æ¨-·ÚRx? (has
I have gone to Hyderabad. è…Ú¨ à¦ö°-þ§ô¢ªx îµü‹xìª.) been ÷«vêŸî¶ª î¦è[Ùè…)
ú£ªFöËÀ: Íô¢-ÞœÙå
Dìô¢nÙ– û¶ìª šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë îµü‹xìª ÍE ÍìªÚÛªÙç¶ Ð ‘êµõªú£ª’ Íû¶ Íô¢nÙêÁ NªÞœê¦ subjects ÚÛ«è¯
û¶ìª šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë îµü™x ë¯Jö˺ޥF (on the way to î¦è[-÷àŸªa. Answers:
Hyderabad) , šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë à¶JÞ¥F ÑÙè¯L ÍE Mithun: How familiar is he with Chennai? 1) Karim: Ravi, you were not at home yes-
ÚÛë¯. famil-
(ÎóŸªìÚÛª àµûµjo ÓÙêŸ ò°Þ¥ êµõªú£ª? terday. Where did you go?
Íö° ÍE û¶ìª Ó÷-JêÁ àµí£p-Þœ-õìª? iar= êµLú‡ ÑÙè[è[Ù/ í£J-àŸóŸªÙ ÑÙè[è[Ù) Ravi: Yesterday was my sister's birthday.
êÁæ¨ ví£óŸ«-é¨-ÚÛªè… (fellow passenger) êÁ Íì-ö¶ìª I went to her place.
Mittal: He has been there a number of times.
ÚÛë¯. šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë à¶Jì êŸô¦yêŸ I have gone to Karim: Have you met Jayakumar, of late?
(ÎóŸªì ÍÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ à¦ö°-þ§ô¢ªx îµü‹xè[ª– ÍÙç¶
Hyderabad ÍE Íì-ö¶ìª. ÏÚÛ\è[ Ö¸Ú í£J-ú‡nA. û¶ìª ÎóŸª-ìÚÛª Î Òô¢ª ÞœªJÙ# ò°Þ¥ êµõªú£ª Ravi: No. He is in Mumbai
šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë ìªÙ# AJT ÷#aì êŸô¦yêŸ šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë Karim: Have you ever been to Mumbai?
ÍE)
îµRx-÷-à¦a-ìE àµí£pÞœõÞœè[Ù. Ú¥ñæ¨d English ö˺ ÏC Mithun: Have you ever been to Chennai? (ever = Óí£±p-èµjû¦)
àµí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ I have gone to Hyderabad ú£J-Ú¥ë]ª (ìªîµy-í£±p-èµjû¦ àµûµjo îµü‹xî¦?– ÏÚÛ\è[ Ravi: I have been there a number of
ÚÛë¯. We (Ù)êÁ ÚÛ«è¯ Ïë¶ ú£÷ªú£u. ÚÛ«è¯ Have you gone ÚÛÙç¶ Have you times. What about you?
÷³Üu-iì ÍÙøŒÙ Karim: I haven't (have not) been there so
been î¦è[è[Ù ÷ªÙ#C.)
Mittal: I haven't (have not) been there so far. I haven't been even to
I/ We êÁ 'have gone' verb ô¦ë]ª. ÓÙë]ª-ÚÛÙç¶
far . Hyderabad. (even = ÚÛ«è¯)
û¶ìª Ú¥F ٠ڥF ÓÚÛ\-è…-·Újû¦ îµRx ÷#aì êŸô¦yê¶ 2) Sumanth: Where's (where is) your father?
ÍÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ îµü‹xÙ Íì-ÞœõÙ. ë¯EÚ¨ English- 'have (û¶ìª ÍÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª îµüŒx-ö¶ë]ª.)
Sunil: He has gone out.
gone' Ú¥ë]ª. 'have gone'/ 'has gone'- îµRx-ð¼-óŸ«ô¢ª Íû¶ Íô¢nÙ
Sumanth: Where did he go?
Saritha: Sudha, where have you been? ÷«vêŸî¶ª ÷ú£ªhÙC. îµRx AJ-T-÷-#aì í£J-ú‡nA ÞœªJÙ# Sunil: He went to his friend's.
(ú£ªëů, ÓÚÛ\-è[ª-û¦o÷± ÏÙêŸ-›úí£²?) àµí£pë]ª. (friend's= všíÆÙè ÏÙæ¨Ú¨.friend's house
Sudha: I have been to college. Suneel: I returned from Delhi the day before. friend's home friend's
ÍìÙ. íÆ£ô¦y-ö¶ë]ª.
(û¶ìª ÚÛü‹-ø‹-õÚÛª îµRx ÷à¦aìª). ( )
û¶ìª èÅ…Mx ìªÙ# îµ³ìo AJT ÷à¦aìª. best)
ÍÙç¶
ÏÚÛ\è[ I have gone to college ÍÙç¶ Íô¢nÙ ÔÙ Sumanth: Why did you go there at all? Sumanth: How long has he been out?
÷ú£ªhÙC? û¶ìª ÚÛü‹-ø‹-õÚÛª îµü‹xìª (ÍÚÛ\è¶ Ñû¦oìª) When did you go there? Sunil: He has been out for half an
ÍE. ÍÚÛ\è¶ ÑÙç¶ ú£J-êŸêÁ ÷«æ°xè¶ Í÷-Ú¥øŒÙ ö¶ë]ª. (Íú£õª ÍÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ÓÙë]ªÚÛª îµü‹x÷±? hour now.