Introduction to Matlab

Pantech solutions
Command window
Change the current working
directory
Arithmetic operators

1) plus - Plus +
2) uplus - Unary plus +
3) minus - Minus -
4) uminus - Unary minus -
5) mtimes - Matrix multiply *
6) times - Array multiply .*
7) mpower - Matrix power ^
8) power - Array power .^
9) mldivide - Backslash or left matrix divide \
10) mrdivide - Slash or right matrix divide /
11) ldivide - Left array divide .\
12) rdivide - Right array divide ./
Relational operators
1) eq - Equal ==
2) ne - Not equal ~=
3) lt - Less than <
4) gt - Greater than >
5) le - Less than or equal <=
6) ge - Greater than or equal >=
Logical operators

1) Short-circuit logical AND &&

2) Short-circuit logical OR ||
3) and - Element-wise logical AND &
4) or - Element-wise logical OR |
5) not - Logical NOT ~
6) xor - Logical EXCLUSIVE OR
7) any - True if any element of vector is nonzero
8) all - True if all elements of vector are nonzero
BITWISE OPERATORS
1) bitand - Bit-wise AND.
2) bitcmp - Complement bits.
3) bitor - Bit-wise OR.
4) bitmax - Maximum floating point
integer.
5) bitxor - Bit-wise XOR.
6) bitset - Set bit.
7) bitget - Get bit.
8) bitshift - Bit-wise shift.
Vectors
a = [1 2 3 4 5 6 9 8 7] ;

t = 0:2:20
t = 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

b=a+2

b = 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 10 9

c=a+b
c = 4 6 8 10 12 14 20 18 16
Matrices
B = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12] ;

B=1234
5678
9 10 11 12

C = B'

C=159
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12
Basic matrix operators
X = inv(E) ;%INVERSE OF THE MATRIX
[A,H] = eig(E) %eigen value &vector
p = poly(E) %polynomial
c = abs(y) ;
D=min(a);
D=max(a);

 Convolution
x = [1 2];
y = [1 4 8];
z = conv(x,y)
[xx, R] = deconv(z,y)
plot
t=0:0.25:7;
y = sin(t);
plot(t,y)
PLOT
t=0:0.25:7;
y = sin(t);
plot(t,y) ;
xlabel('x axis');
ylabel('y axis');
title('Heading');
grid on;
gtext('text');
IF LOOP
a=6;

if a > 6

disp('a is greater');

elseif a==0

disp('a is zero');

else

disp('a is smaller');

end
FOR LOOP
a=5;

for i=1:5

a=a+1

end

disp(a);

ANS a =10
While Loop
a=5;

while a < 10
a=a+1;

end

disp(a);

Ans a =10
Function

function c=add(a,b); function c=mul(a,b);

c=a+b; c=a*b;
return return

Main
a=5;
b=6;
c=add(a,b);
disp(c);
d=mul(a,b);
disp(d);
SWITCH (
method = 'Bilinear';
switch lower(METHOD)
case {'linear','bilinear'}
disp('Method is linear')
case 'cubic'
disp('Method is cubic')
case 'nearest'
disp('Method is nearest')
otherwise
disp('Unknown method.')
end

Ans Method is linear

SWITCH (NUMERICAL)
a=input('enter---->');
switch a
case 1
fprintf('one');
case 2
fprintf('two');
case 3
fprintf('three');
case 4
fprintf('four');
otherwise
fprintf('otherwise');
end
How to read an image
a =imread('cameraman.tif'); a =imread('flowers.tif');
imshow(a); imshow(a);
pixval on; pixval on;
How to read an audio file

a =wavread('test.wav');
wavplay(a,44100);
Plot(a);
How to read an video file

a=aviread('movie.avi');
movie(a);
Add two images

I = imread('rice.tif'); I = imread('rice.tif');
J = imread('cameraman.tif'); J = imadd(I,50);
K = imadd(I,J,'uint16'); subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
imshow(K,[]) subplot(1,2,2), imshow(J)
Subtract two images
I = imread('rice.tif');
Iq = imsubtract(I,50);
subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)
subplot(1,2,2), imshow(Iq)
Convert image to gray and binary

clc;
clear;
close all
a= imread('flowers.tif');
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(a);
subplot(2,2,2);
b=imresize(a,[256 256]);
imshow(b);
subplot(2,2,3);
c=rgb2gray(b);
imshow(c);
subplot(2,2,4);
d=im2bw(c);
imshow(d);
RGB component
a=imread('flowers.tif');
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(a);
R=a;
G=a;
B=a;
R(:,:,2:3)=0;
subplot(2,2,2);
imshow(R);
G(:,:,1)=0;
G(:,:,3)=0;
subplot(2,2,3);
imshow(G);
B(:,:,1)=0;
B(:,:,2)=0;
subplot(2,2,4);
imshow(B);
Convert Image into One
dimensional

a = imread('cameraman.tif');

[r c]=size(a);

Len=r*c;

b=reshape(a,[1 Len]);
 CONVER MOVIE TO FRAMES
file=aviinfo('movie1.avi'); % to get inforamtaion abt video file
frm_cnt=file.NumFrames % No.of frames in the video file
str2='.bmp'
h = waitbar(0,'Please wait...');
for i=1:frm_cnt
frm(i)=aviread(filename,i); % read the Video file
frm_name=frame2im(frm(i)); % Convert Frame to image file
frm_name=rgb2gray(frm_name);%convert gray
filename1=strcat(strcat(num2str(i)),str2);
imwrite(frm_name,filename1); % Write image file
waitbar(i/frm_cnt,h)
end
close(h)
CONVERT FRAMES TO MOVIES
frm_cnt=5;
number_of_frames=frm_cnt;
filetype='.bmp';
display_time_of_frame=1;
mov = avifile('MOVIE.avi');
count=0;
for i=1:number_of_frames
name1=strcat(num2str(i),filetype);
a=imread(name1);
while count<display_time_of_frame
count=count+1;
imshow(a);
F=getframe(gca);
mov=addframe(mov,F);
end
count=0;
end
mov=close(mov);
How to read a text file
fid = fopen('message.txt','r');
ice1= fread(fid);
s = char(ice1');
fclose(fid);
disp(s);

Ans hello
How to write a text file

txt=[65 67 68 69];
fid = fopen('output.txt','wb');
fwrite(fid,char(txt),'char');
fclose(fid);

ANS =ACDE
Store an Image,Audio
a =imread('cameraman.tif');
imwrite(a,'new.bmp');

a=wavread('test.wav');
wavwrite(a,44100,16,'nTEST.WAV');
SAVE AND LOAD THE VARIABLE
A=5;
save A A;

load A

B=1;
C=A+B;
disp(C);
Wavelet transform

a =imread('cameraman.tif');

[LL LH HL HH]=dwt2(a,'haar');

Dec=[...
LL,LH
HL,HH
...
];

imshow(Dec,[]);
DCT transform

a=imread('cameraman.tif');
subplot(1,3,1);imshow(a,[]);
b=dct2(a);
subplot(1,3,2);imshow(b,[]);title('DCT');
c=idct2(b);
subplot(1,3,3);imshow(c,[]);title('IDCT');
 NOISE AND FILTER

I = imread('eight.tif');
J = imnoise(I,'salt & pepper',0.02);
K = medfilt2(J);
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(J)
subplot(1,2,2);imshow(K)
GUI
DIALOG BOX

warndlg('hello'); helpdlg('hello'); errordlg('hello');

msgbox('hello');
ButtonName=questdlg('What is your wish?', ...
'Genie Question', ...
'Food','Clothing','Money','Money');

switch ButtonName,
case 'Food',
disp('Food is delivered');
case 'Clothing',
disp('The Emperor''s new clothes have arrived.')
case 'Money',
disp('A ton of money falls out the sky.');
end % switch
USER INTERFACE GET FILE
[filename, pathname] = uigetfile('*.m', 'Pick an
M-file');
if isequal(filename,0) | isequal(pathname,0)
disp('User pressed cancel')
else
disp(['User selected ', fullfile(pathname,
filename)])
end
USER INTERFACE PUT FILE
[filename, pathname] = uiputfile('*.m', 'Pick an M-file');
if isequal(filename,0) | isequal(pathname,0)
disp('User pressed cancel')
else
disp(['User selected ', fullfile(pathname, filename)])
end
GUI
GUI…
MENU BAR
PUSH BUTTON
TOGGLE BUTTON
RADIO BUTTON
CHECKBOX
EDIT TEXT
STATIC TEXT
SLIDER
FRAME
LISTBOX
POPUP MENU
AXES
ALIGN OBJECTS
MENU EDITOR
M FILE EDITOR
PROPERTY INSPECTOR
RUN
EMPTY GUI
GENERATED M FILE
PUSH BUTTON
RIGHT CLICK PUSH BUTTON & GO
FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
RIGHT CLICK PUSH BUTTON & GO
FOR M FILE EDITOR
GO FOR CALLBACK
 WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK
a =imread('cameraman.tif');

imshow(a);
RUN THE PROGRAM OR PRESS F5
CHOOSE AXES
CHOOSE AXES
RIGHT CLICK AXES & GO FOR
PROPERTY INSPECTOR
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
 WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK
a =imread('cameraman.tif');

axes(handles.one);

imshow(a);
RUN THE PROGRAM
CODE

a =imread('cameraman.tif');

axes(handles.one);

imshow(a);
TOGGLE BUTTON
RIGHT CLICK TOGGLE & GO FOR
PROPERTY INSPECTOR
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
RIGHT CLICK TOGGLE & GO FOR M
FILE EDITOR
WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK

a=get(hObject,'Value');

if a ==1

a =imread('cameraman.tif');

axes(handles.one);

imshow(a);

else

a =imread('greens.jpg');

axes(handles.one);

imshow(a);

end
RUN THE PROGRAM
RIGHT CLICK RADIO BUTTON & GO
FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
RIGHT CLICK CHECK BOX & GO
FOR MFILE EDITOR
WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK
RUN THE PROGRAM
RIGHT CLICK CHECK BOX & GO
FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
RIGHT CLICK CHECK BOX & GO
FOR M FILE EDITOR
WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK
RUN THE PROGRAM
RIGHT CLICK FRAME & SEND TO
BACK
RUN THE PROGRAM
RIGHT CLICK LIST BOX & GO FOR
PROPERTY INSPECTOR
EDIT THE STRING OPTIONS
RIGHT CLICK LIST BOX & GO FOR
M FILE EDITOR
WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK
contents = get(hObject,'Value')

switch contents

case 1
a =imread('cameraman.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);
case 2
a =imread('flowers.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);
case 3
a =imread('rice.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);
otherwise
a =imread('mri.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);

end
CHOOSE POPUPMENU
RIGHT CLICK POPUP MENU & GO
FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR
EDIT THE STRING OPTIONS
WRITE THE CODE
contents = get(hObject,'Value')

switch contents

case 1
a =imread('cameraman.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);
case 2
a =imread('flowers.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);
case 3
a =imread('rice.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);
otherwise
a =imread('mri.tif');
axes(handles.one);
imshow(a);

end
RIGHT CLICK EDIT TEXT & GO FOR
PROPERTY INSPECTOR
EDIT STRING AND TAG
RIGHT CLICK EDIT TEXT & GO FOR
M FILE EDITOR
RIGHT CLICK AXES & GO FOR
PROPERTY INSPECTOR
WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK
 WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK

a=get(hObject,'String') ;
b=char(a);
c=imread(b);
axes(handles.one);
imshow(c);
RIGHT CLICK STATIC TEXT & GO
FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
 WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK

a=get(hObject,'String') ;
set(handles.t1,'String',a);
b=char(a);
c=imread(b);
axes(handles.one);
imshow(c);
SLIDER
RIGHT CLICK SLIDER & GO FOR
PROPERTY INSPECTOR
DROP TWO AXES
DROP PUSH BUTTON
CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG
VALUE
GO FOR CALLBACK
 WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK

[filename, pathname] = uigetfile('*.bmp', 'Pick an Image');

if isequal(filename,0) | isequal(pathname,0)

warndlg('User pressed cancel')

else

a=imread(filename);
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(a);
handles.filename=filename;
guidata(hObject, handles);

end
RIGHT CLICK SLIDER & GO FOR M
FILE EDITOR
WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE
CALLBACK
 RUN THE PROGRAM

a=get(hObject,'Value');
filename =handles.filename;
I = imread(filename);
J = imadd(I,50);
axes(handles.axes2);
imshow(J)
MENU EDITOR
EDIT STRING AND TAG
RUN
 END
For support

dsp@pantechsolutions.net
END