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(HIV/AIDS) ckcHtm;usqif;r+a&m*g
ckcHtm;usqif;r_ul;pufa&m*gqkdonfrSmckcHtm; usqif; r_a&m*gjzpf
apaomykd;onf tdyf(csf) tkdifADG HIV Adkif;&yfpfydk;jzpfonf? Akdif;&yfpfykd;
ESpf&Snfvrsm; vl@cE<mtwGif; 0ifa&mufr_a=umifh attkdif'D (pf) (AIDS)
a&m*gac: ckcHtm;usqif;r_a&m*g &&Sdjcif;jzpfonf?
yxrOD;qkH;aom ckcHtm;usqif;r_a&m*g (AIDS) a0'em&Sifudk 1981
ckESpf/ tar&duef (USA) EkdifiHrSm p+yD;awG@&SdcJhonf?
vlema0'em&SifpawG@cgpwGif b,fvkdykd;a=umifhjzpfjcif;ukd wdwdusus
azmfxkwfajymjyEkdifcJhjcif; r&SdcJhay?1983 ckESpfwGif jyifopfEdkifiH yg&D+rdK@&dS
"mwfcGJodyH̀ygpfcsmwuUokdvfu azmfxkwfa=unmEkdifchJygw,f? aemuf
wpfzef ul;pufysH@ESH@ykHcsif;wlwhJ Akdif;&yfpftopfwpfckudkvnf;xyf+yD; awG@
&Sdaoma=umifh yxrawG@&SdwJhAdkif;&yfpfudk tdyf(csf)tkdifADGAdkif;&yfpf (1)vdk@
ac:+yD; aemuftopfawG@wJhAkdif;&yfpfukd tdyfcsftkdifADGAkdif;&yfpf (2)vkd@
ac:ygonf?b,fvkdenf;awGeJ@ a&m*gykd;ul;pufys@H ESH@ygovJ?
(1) a&m*gykd;&SdolESifh vdifwlvdifuGJqufqHjcif;a=umifh ul;pufjcif;?
(2) HIV Akdif;&yfpfykd;yg&Sdaom aoG;oGif;jcif;rS ul;pufjcif;?
(3) a&m*g&SdaomrdcifrS ukd,f0efaqmifpOfwGifoaE<om;i,ftm; ul;puf
jcif;?
(4) HIV Akdif;&yfpfydk;&Sdaeaom aq;xkd;tyf/ aq;xkd;¹yGefrsm;ukd cJGa0
okH;pJGjcif; tm;jzifhvnf; ul;pufEdkifjcif;?rifa=umifxdk;jcif;/ tyfpdkuf uko
jcif;rsm;rSvnf; a&m*g&SdaomolrS tjcm;wpfOD;ok@d ul;puf ysH@Edkifjcif;
rsm;jzpfonf?
txufygenf;rsm;ESifh urBmay:wGif enf;wpfenf;csif;tvkduf ul;puf
xm;aom yrm%ukd &mcdkifE_ef;rsm;ESihf Z,m;twkdif; azmfjyxm; ygonf?
txufygZ,m;ukd avhvm=unfhv#if aoG;oGif;&m rSul;pufEkdifaom
tE Wm&m,f tvGefjrifhrm;aomfvnf;aoG;ukdppfaq; +yD; oGif;jcif;/ aoG;
oGif; cH&r_ tcGifhtvrf;enf;jcif;wk@d a=umifh wpfurBmvkH; HIV ykd;ul;puf
cHxm;&aomolrsm; Tenf;jzifh 3
IU om ul;pufEkdifjcif;jzpfonf?
vdifqufqHjcif;rS ul;pufEkdifr_tE Wm&m,f enf;aomfvnf; wpfurBmvkH;
HIV ykd;ul;pufcHxm;&aomolrsm;tm;vkH;. 80 onf zkdrqufqHjcif;rS
(okd@) vdifwlqufqHjcif;rS ykd;ul;pufjcif;cH&aoma=umifhjzpfonf?
HIV/AIDS a&m*gonf urBm}uD;wGif ae@pOfuyfa&m*gtjzpf
usa&mufaeonf? touf 15 ESpfatmufuav;aygif;(10³4)oef;.
rdcif(odk@)rdbESpfyg;vkH;HIV/AIDS&m*gjzifhuG,fvGefoGm;=u+yDjzpfonf?
Ta&m*gonf vli,frsm;wGif wkd;yGm;Ijzpfay:v#uf&Sdonf? 2001 wGif
a0'em&Siftopf 5 oef;&Sdonf?‚if;wkd@teuf wpf0ufrSm touf 15
ESpfrS 24 ESpf=um;vli,frsm;jzpfonf? vli,ftrsdK;orD; rsm; onf
jzpfEkdifajc tvGefrsm;onf? cef@rSef;ajc vli,f (11 ³ 8) oef; onfa&m*g
jzpfaeonf? vli,ftrsdK;orD; (7³3) oef;ESifhvli,f trsdK;om; (4³5)
oef;jzpfonf?rul;pufEkdifjcif;-a&m*g&Sdolrsm;ESihf
- vufqJGE_wfqufjcif;
- twlwuGaexkdifjcif;
- a&ul;jcif;
- tm;upm;v_yf&Sm;jcif;
- twlpm;aomufjcif;
- zufjcif;/ erf;jcif;
- tdrfomtokH;ðyjcif;
- jcif/,ifukdufjcif;rsm;a=umifh rul;pufEdkifyg?
HIV ykd;pwiful;pufcsdefrSm b,fvkdvuQ%mawGjyrSmvJ a&m*gykd;pwif

jcif;/ ta&jym;ay: wGif ,m;uGufrsm;xGufjcif;/ tusdwfrsm; xGufjcif;
ponfrsm;awG@&Sd cHpm;& wwfonf? azmfjyygvuQ%mrsm; &ufowWywf
(2)rS(6)ywftwGif;rSmawG@&SdcHpm;&jcif;jzpfonf?
txufazmfjyyga0'emrsm;awG@&SdcHpm;ae&+yDqkdv#if taysmftyg;vkdufpm;
cJhjcif;rsm;/ aoG;oGif;cJhjcif;rsm; &Sd§r&Sdpaomul;pufEkdifwhJenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh
ukd,fhukd,fukdqef;ppfjcif;rsm;ðyvkyf&rnf? a&m*gp+yD;&csdef aoG;xJrSm HIV
Adkif;&yfpfykd;awG[m trsm; tjym;&Sdae+yDjzpfonf? okd@aomf ukd,fcE<m
twGif;rSm &Sdaeaoma&m*gum uG,fwGef;uefonfh yËdypPnf;awG
xkwfvkyfr_taeESifhr&Sdao;aoma=umifhudk,ftwGif;&Sd a&m*gum uG,fwJh
yËdypPnf; (Antibody) ukdppfvkdufv#if aoG;xJwGif a&m*gr&Sdao;wm
jyaejcif;jzpfonf? a&m*gumuG,fonfh yËdypPnf; (Antibody) onf
a&m*gvuQ%mjyjyD;wpfywfrS okH;ywftwGif; tcsdef=umrSawG@&SdEkdifonf?
xkdtcsdefukd tay:,H[efjy umv tykdif;tjcm; (WindowPeriod)
[kac:onf? a&m*gAdkif;&yfpfykd;awG &Sd§r&Sdaocsm&ef PCR (Polymerase
Chain Reaction)[kac:aom"mwfcJGppfaq;jcif;jzpfaoG;xJwGif Akdif;&yfpfydk;
&Sdaejcif;ukd awG@rnfjzpfonf?
HIV a&m*gul;lpufr_ESifh AIDS ac:ckcHtm;usqif;r_a&m*g (HIV Infection
And AIDS) HIV a&m*gul;pufr_ESifh ckcHtm;usqif;r_a&m*gAIDS ukd
uGJuJGjym;jym;odxm;&eftvGefta&;}uD;onf?vlwpfa,muf onf HIV
a&m*gul;pufjcif;p+yD;&wmeJ@AIDS ckcHtm;usqif;r_a&m*g jzpfaejcif;
r[kwfyg? AIDSa&m*gvuQ%moGifjyif twdtus&&Sdzdk@u HIV ydk;0if+yD;
(10) ESpfavmuf=umrS jzpfvmrSmjzpfygw,f? HIV a&m*gul;puf csdefrS
onf AIDS a&m*gjzpfvmonftxd tqihfqifh&Sdonf?
(1) HIVydk;0if+yD;&ufowWywftenf;i,ftwGif;vuQ%mawGrjybJ&Sdcsif
&Sdaernf? jycJh&ifvnf; wkyfauG;a&m*gjzpfwJh vuQ%mrsdK;awG jzpfonf?
zsm;jcif;/ tusdwfa&mifjcif;/ nusv#ifac|;ap;rsm;xGufjcif;/ ta&jym;
ay:wGif ,m; uGufxGufjcif;/ acsmif;qdk;jcif;rsm; awG@&wwfonf?
(2) HIV ydk;0if+yD; &ufowWywf(6) ywfrS(12)ywftwGif;wGifudk,fcE<m&J@
a&m*gumuG,faom yÉdypPnf; (Antibodies) rsm;xkwfvkyfr_ odyfr&Sd
ao;aoma=umifh Eliza ac:wJh "mwfcJGppfaq;jcif;ESifh ppfaq; aomtcg
a&m*gr&Sdr_vuQ%m (Negative) jyaewwfonf? tay:,H[efjy umv
tydkif;tjcm; (Window Period) vkd@ac:onf? xkdtcsdefwGif PCR
(Polymerase ChainReaction) "mwfcJGppfaq;jcif;ESifh ppf=unhfv#if
ukd,fcE<mtwGif; HIV Adkif;&yfpf&Sdaejcif;udk awG@Ekdifonf? udk,fhudk,fudk
oHo,&Sdaev#if aocsmwJhtxd aoG;ppf=unfh&ef vkdtyfonf? xkdrSom
a&m*g wdk;yGm;r_ tEW&m,frS umuG,fEkdifrnfjzpf onf?
(3) HIV ydk;0ifa&muful;puf+yD; (3) ESpfrS (5)ESpftwGif;wGif emusifjcif;
r&Sdaom tusdwfrsm; wpfudk,fvHk;xGufwwfjcif;/ tusdwf zkrsm;onf
vaygif;tenf;i,frS ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmtxd &Sdaewwfjcif;/ xkdtcsdef
wGifvnf;vlemzsm;jcif;/ntcsdefwGifac|;rsm;xGufjcif;/0rf;av#mjcif;/
udk,fcE<m tav;csdefusjcif;/ rSuQ&krsm; (Thrush) aygufjcif;ESifh a&,kef
(Herpes) rsm;xGufjcif; awG@&wwfonf?
Txufazmfjyyg cHpm;&csufESifhawG@&Sd&csuf vuQ%mrsm;onf ckcHtm;
usqif; r_a&m*g (AIDS) ESifhESD;EG,f qufpyfaeaom vuQ%m
tpdwftykdif;rsm; (AIDSRELATED COMPLEX) [kac:onf?
AIDS a&m*gjzpfv#if atmufazmfjyyg vuQ%mrsm;udk tenf;ESifhtrsm;
awG@&Sd&wwfonf? xkda=umifhaq;ynm±_axmifht&a&m*gowfrSwfcsufpH
(Criteria) taeESifh jrefrmjynfrSmoHk;&ef a&;om;azmfjy xm;ygonf //
(a&ShtygwfwGifqufvufaz:jyygrnf)
0ifa&mufcsdef vlemwGif wkyfauG;zsm;em ouJhokd@cHpm;&wwfonf? 

 
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