Ijcilc Dlgu X: Copj Lsy U K'F Ijpul Ulc Ayôlhu TC (Hlajd (CG%DHLCLH Apjr Akr%Y Ijw (Élr Zsi L LZ

cOpj LSy~U
K'f ijpUl>Ulc aYÔlhu;

Tc[hlajd[ cG%dhlClh
apJr akr%y
ijw[Élr zSi<n idk/[
egj>l< ij>lz;.
www.iu.edu.sa
ijCIlc dlgU*X
ahulx;
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א ‬
‫א א
א ‬
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‫‪ #‬א"! א ‬
‫‪www.iu.edu.sa‬‬ ‫& א‪$%‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬
‫ ‬
ijCIlc dlgU*X
L#l|kijhk; LisRy ah)kdxjhk;
djfl~kdxjhk; YeilvdØlgjhk; Liclr rlxjhk;
rØujhk; fjØujhk; L#l|kijsRy Dp[yjhkak=
ijCIlcaldk'k ijCIlcdlg{*X
γˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ∇√< ≅…Ω Ψ◊Ω|ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∧<√≅…Ω Ξ≤Ψ›‚"≅… Ψζ⌠ΤΩ∼<√≅…Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ω⇑Ω∨…ƒ∫ ⌠⇑Ω∨ ΘΩ⁄Ψι<√≅… ΘΩ⇑Ψ∇ΗΤς√Ω …
.[ :

] ≈ Ω⇑ΓΤΤΤΘΞ∼Ψ‰Πς⇒√≅…Ω
"t'lH L#l|kijhk; LÔUpjr\jhk; ah)kdxjhk;
SipYzr[F*xjhk; YeilvdØlgjhk;
ijCIcj)k'iG)ldk'k ekn{;," éLH ~Dy 177ê
φκΩΤŠ 〉⊄ΘΞ≤Ω⊃ΣΤ⇓ ‚Ω" −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω −ΨΨ‰Σ,〉{Ω −ΨΨ,Ω|ΞΜ;ΗΤςΤ∏Ω∨Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ω⇑Ω∨…ƒ∫ ΘδΡ …
.[ :

] ≈... −&ΨΨ∏Σ♠ΘΣ⁄ ⇑ΨΘ∨ ξŸΩšςΚ…
"fsRy gÊjflij(H rj'[ frj)[
Lifgj)seMfjH ycoH ijCIcj&jgj)k'k
éLfjsr \kmG'[ê cfUijCIlcjdxk; Lisg#l;
L#l|kijhk; LisRy ah)kdxjhk; LisRy
SipYzr[F*xjhk; LisRy pofØlgjhk;
ijCIcj&jgj)k'k LisRy pofØlgjH
:G)kajmujH Qgk ijSivrik; B*X
dH/j)k'j# " é LH ~Dy 285 ê
.[ :
] ≈ (49) ξ⁄ΩŸΩ⊆ΨŠ ΣΗΤΩΤ⇒πΤ⊆ς∏Ω ]∫πΩ→ ΘΩΡ †ΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ… …
"fJG&uluk; ]fk icfksiuk; rl;
c{<[mj&jMk=f[ Qgk iUicF Yedlgaldk'k" é LH
DaG 49 ê
1
2 )*0 )*+/ )*+,-." ) !"#$ %& %'(":
.[ 809" 6 ] ."67 643 5 !"#$ )3
"ijCIlcsa'[ eyÉlH L#l|kijhk;
LisRy ah)kdxjhk; djfl~kdxjhk; pofØlgjhk;
LÔUrlxjhk; rØujhk; fjØujhk; L#l|kijsRy
Dp[yjhkak= Ky& ijCIlcaldk'k"
ijCIlcsa'fjsRy rjGivr; fsRy rli[
sdl![ K&gj)hk; |{pu; sdl![ ijCIcj)hk;
fsRy Liui*xksmYeiG\r*xk;
KXsdl=k'fldk'k. Lf[ Lrkcgn;
iG`j)kSÙlX domkduk; sfËkdX domkSÙlX
dkyukduk; sv$k'k
…ς′ΞΜ…Ω ¬ΣΣŠΣΤ∏ΣΤ∈ πŒς∏Ξ–Ω ϑðΣ/≅… Ω≤Ψ{Σ′ …ς′ΞΜ… Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… φΣ⇒Ψ∨Σ∧<√≅… †Ω∧Πς⇓ΞΜ… …
(2) Ω⇐ΣΤ∏Πς{ΩΩ,Ωÿ ψΞΨΘΤŠΩ⁄ υς∏Ω∅Ω †_Τ⇒ΗΤΩ∧ÿΜΞ… ¬ΣΤZΩ …Ωƒ ΙΣΣ,ΗΤΩΤÿ…ƒ∫ ¬Ξ∼ς∏Ω∅ πŒΩ∼Ψ∏ΣΤZ
Σ¬Σ∑ ð∠ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς√ΟΚΡ… (3) Ω⇐Σ⊆Ψ⊃⇒Σÿ ¬ΣΗΤΩΤπ⇒∈ΩƒΩ⁄ †ΘΩ∧Ψ∨Ω Ω〈λς∏ϑð±√≅… Ω⇐Σ∧∼Ψ⊆Σÿ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅…
(4) χψÿΞ≤Ω{ β⊄ƒΞ⁄Ω β〈Ω≤Ψ⊃πΤ⊕Ω∨Ω ψΞΨΘΤŠΩ⁄ ΩŸ⇒Ψ∅ }ŒΗΤΩ–Ω⁄Ω ¬ΣΠς√ †& Θ⊥Τ⊆Ωš Ω⇐Σ⇒Ψ∨Σ∧<√≅…
.[= ::;<

] ≈
" L#l|kijsr eËjeyuseMlH |{pu*H
Semj&[rmk*kduk; LisRy pU<[MlÔ*X
iluj&kSdXej)seMlH ijCIlc; iGÓj)kduk;
f*xksm gÊjflijsRy SaH >lgSaH/j)kduk;
sv$k'iG alYfaln[ cf{ijCIlcjdX"
rac[dlg; akySelsh rjGi|j)kduk; rl;
rHdjujMk=fjH rj'[ svhiqj)kduk;
sv$k'iG LiG fs'uln[ uplGÒ\jH
ijCIlcjdX é LH LRElH 2.-4ê
Ξ≤Ψ›‚"≅… ΨζΩ∼<√≅…Ω −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω −ΨΨ‰Σ,Σ{Ω −ΨΨ,Ω|ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∨Ω ΨΠς∏√≅†ΨŠ ⌠≤Σ⊃<∇Ωÿ ⇑Ω∨Ω …
.[@A :>9?

] ≈ (136) …[Ÿ∼Ψ⊕ΩΤŠ Ω=„ΗΤς∏Ω∂ ΘΩΤΩ∂ ŸΩ⊆ΩΤ⊇
" L#l|kijhk; LisRy ah)kdxjhk; LisRy
Yzr[F*xjhk; LisRy pofØlgjhk;
LÔUpjr\jhk; i#irk; LijCIcj)k' eÊ;
fJG&uluk; LiG ~|kpog; ejq&kSelujgj)k'k"
é coy\k 'jclL[ 136 ê
LS/lX ijCIlc; rlijhosmuk!ldk'k -
pjd[y[ ,YelGÒrdX rØdH/j)kduk;
fjØijSglPj)kduk; DkG:R elglun; sv$kd
Selshuk=f[ Tfjrkpl|gnaldk'k,
|Upu\khosmuk; ijCIcak!ldk'k - Lf[
ulplGÒUaldk'f[ fO|JpkGyk~o~ju\jhk;
Kho|j$\jhk; Lc[al|kÍjEl\jhk; K=
ijCIlc\j'k; .LisralYf; :glPj)kilrk;
LfjH :sguk; e([ SvG)lfjgj)kilrkak=
KSÓCik; dgkfhk; K!ldkSÙlqldk'k . Lf[
Selsh |Upu\jsRy YeiG\r\jhosm igk'
ijCIlc\jH seMfldk'k L#l|kijsr
Sc[r|j)hk; Lisr >us/mhk; >u>d[fj
K!lihk; SDp;Yedmj/j)hk; LirjH
>lgSaH/j)hk; fkm*ju YeiG\r*X . Trj
fsRy aËkLuiu*xlH K!ldk' ijCIlc\jH
seMfldk'k - rac[dlg; SrlÙ[ aËk
Tc[hlajsRy eÖc[f;>\jH seMdlgU*xk;
Lf[Selsh ijw[Blr cÙlprik; LisRy
aGz\jhk= PG+cagik; aËk;.
::;<
] ≈ †_Τ⇒ΗΤΩ∧ÿΜΞ… ¬ΣΤZΩ …Ωƒ ΙΣΣ,ΗΤΩΤÿ…ƒ∫ ¬Ξ∼ς∏Ω∅ πŒΩ∼Ψ∏ΣΤZ …ς′ΞΜ…Ω …
.[
" LisRy pU<[MlÔ*X Ligksm SaH
iluj&[ SdXej)s/MlH LiG)[ ijCIlc;
iGÓj)k'k "
é LRElH 2 ê
Ω⊗ΩΘ∨ †_Τ⇒ΗΤΩ∧ÿΜΞ… ϖΝ…Σ …Ω ƒΩκΨ√ Ω⇐κΨ⇒Ψ∨Σ∧<√≅… Ψ‡ΣΤ∏ΣΤ∈ ℑ Ω◊Ω⇒∼Ψ∇ϑð♥√≅… ΩΩ∞⇓Κς… ϖΨϒΠς√≅… ΩΣ∑ …
.[ :B+:

] ≈ ¬
⌠% ΞΨ⇒ΤΗΤΩ∧ÿΞΜ…
"Lirld'k cfUijCIlcjdxjsh |{pu*xjH
ClÔj Ty)jsdlmk\f[ Ligksm ijCIlcS\lm/;
domkffH ijCIlc; K!luj\jSg!fjr[ " é Ef[|[
4 ê
Qgmja fsRy rlFrjSh)mk)k; Sflyk;
LisRy ijCIlc; iGÓj)kduk; sfËk dkË*X
akSDr Ldhk; Sflyk; LisRy ijCIlc;
dkyukduk; sv$k'k. ijCIlc\jsRy
Lmj\ySu\S' rCj/j)k' sfËjH seM
L=l|kijH e([SvG)kd Selshuk= sfËkdX
LisRy ijCIlc\jH ixsguPjd; cIlPJr;
svhk\k'Sflm/; LisRy ijCIlc; fs'
T#lflujS/ldk'k. Trj LiR sv$k'f[ svyju
svyju ele*xlsn(jH LfisRy ijCIlc
eoG\Jdgn\j'[ ijh*[fmjuldk'Sflm/;
LfjsRy sfxj&\j'k; >;zj)k; SdlM; fMkduk;
pkG~haluj\Jgkduk; sv$k'k.
... Σ∫
& :†Ω↑Ωÿ ⇑Ω∧Ψ√ ð∠Ψ√.ς′ Ω⇐Σ †Ω∨ Σ≤Ψ⊃πΤΤ⊕ΩÿΩ −ΨΨŠ ð∉Ω≤πΤ↑Σÿ ⇐Κς… Σ≤Ψ⊃πΤ⊕Ωÿ ‚Ω" ϑðΩ/≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… …
.[ :>9?

] ≈
" fS'lm[ e([ S&G)s/mk'f[ L#l|k Qgj)hk;
selyk)kduj#. Lsflqj&k=sf#l; LiR
KSp[pCj)k'iG)[ LiR selyk\[
sdlmk)k'fln[." rjclL[ - 48
ΩŸ⊕ΩΤŠ Ν…Σ≤Ω⊃Ω{Ω Ξ≤πΤ⊃Ρ∇<√≅… Ω◊Ω∧Ψ∏ς Ν…Ρ√†ΩΤ∈ ŸΩ⊆ς√Ω Ν…Ρ√†ΩΤ∈ †Ω∨ Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ φΣ⊃Ψ∏µðš …
.[ :
+
] ≈ ... ψΞΨ∧ΗΤς∏♠ΜΞ…
"f*X -L*jsr- eyÉjMj# t'[ LiG
L=l|kijsRy SegjH cfU;
svu[fkeyuk;.fJG&uluk; LijCIlc\jsRy il)[
LiG K&gj)kduk; Tc[hl; cIjdgj&fjr[ SC<;
LijCIcj)kduk; svu[fjgj)k'k " - fO~ 74
FG I 9 I9 H )!"#"
C DE FG DE DE H" :
N:+" ] ."!"#"
C ML FG J KL H )!"#"
C I9
.[ *20O
ijCIlcjulujgjS) "Qgk iU>jwlgj
iU>jwgj)kduj# ,ijCIlcjulujgjS) Qgk d=R
dxi[ rm\kduj#, ijCIlcjulujgjS) Qgk
apUelrj apU; dkmj)kduj# - ~kDlgj - akc[hj;.
ijCIlc dlgU*xjH Q'[
L#l|kijhk= ijCIlc;
flsq eyuk' dlgU*X sdl![ L#l|kijhk=
ijCIlcs\ c[FjgJdgj)l; .
Q'[-
TO dlnk' YeijClhalu YeeÖ\jr[
]drlu Qgk gÊjflik!'k;, LfjsRy
Yc<[mj/jhk; ,LPjdlg\jhk; , rjuYÔn\jhk; ,
YeC[rssddlgUdGf{fI\jhk;, >Ên elrJu; -
dqji[-YeiG\r;-wJij/j)H-agj/j)H - Kedlg
KeYpi; s&$H - t'jiujsh#l; fs' Li'[
alYfsa LPjdlgsal=osi'k;, LfjH :G)k;
e(j#'k; ijCIcj)hldk'k.
LiR KS`Cj)k'f[ s&$k'k , LiR

KS`Cj)k'f[ ijPj)k'k, LiR KS`Cj)k'isg
YefleClhjuk;, rjÕUgjH rjÕUgkal)k'k. LisRy
d$jhldk'k :dlC >oajdxksm LPjdlg;,
t#l\jrk; dqjik=irk;, t#l; Lyjuk'irk;
Lirldk'k, Lir[ :gksmuk; c|lu;
:iCUaj#, LisRy Kmac[Ffujhldk'k t#l
dlgU*xk;, LisRy d$jhldk'k t#lrØdxk;,
LisRy YeiG\r\jH aËlG)k; Qgk e(kaj#.
Lisr LPjwuj)k'iglgkaj#, ah)kdxk; ark<U
wj'[ iGÏ*xk; t#l cU<[mjdxk; LisRy
Lmjadxldk'k. Lisgl'k; fs' LisRy
dqjijH rj'k; LPjdlg\jH rj'k; KS`C\jH
rj'k; eky\[ Seldk'j#. LisRy YeiG\r*X
tÑjdn)l)kilSrl fjMs/mk\kilSrl clPUa#.
TOYeSfUdfdsx#l; L#l|kijr[ alYf;
LG|s/Mfldk'k. LfjH :G)k; Qgke(kaj#,
Lfj'G|gluj Qgk c{<[mjukaj#,
TOYeSfUdfdsx#l; fs' L#l|kijr#lsf
:gjSh)k; SvG\[ eyuilrk; elmj#.
⌠¬Ρ∇Ψ∏‰ΩΤ∈ ⇑Ψ∨ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅…Ω ⌠¬Ρ∇Ω⊆ς∏ΤΩ ΨϒΠς√…≅ Σ¬Ρ∇ΘΩΤŠΩ⁄ Ν…ΣŸΣ‰∅≅… 〉♣†Πς⇒√≅… †ΩΘΣΤÿΚς†Η;ΤΤΩΤÿ …
_∫:†Ωγ⇒Š ∫ƒ:†φΤΤ∧ΘΩ♥√≅…Ω †⊥Τ→.Ω≤Ψ⊇ ð≥⁄Κς‚≅… Σ¬Ρ∇ς√ ΩΩ⊕Ω– ΨϒΠς√≅… (21) Ω⇐Σ⊆Πς,ΩΤZ ⌠¬Ρ∇Πς∏Ω⊕ς√
≈ ... ⌠¬
∃ Ρ∇Πς√ †_Τ∈πƒΨ⁄ γ‹.Ω≤Ω∧Πς‘√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ −ΨΤΨŠ Ω“Ω≤Κς†ΩΤ⊇ _∫:†Ω∨ Ψ∫:†φΤΤ∧ϑð♥√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ ΩΩ∞⇓Κς…Ω
.[ ) %+ :

]
L#l|k eyuk'k. " wr*sx rj*sxuk;
rj*xksm akRzlajdsxuk; cU<[mj& rj*xksm
rlFsr rj*X :glPj)kijR., rj*X Spl<
>lPsu coÊj)kilR Si!jusYf Lf[.
rj*X)kSi!j >oajsu sa\uluk;, :dlCs\
SaHekgukal)j\gj)kduk; :dlC\krj'[ si=;
svlgjÉ[ f'jM[ LfkakSDr rj*X)[
>Êj)kilrk=dlu[drjdX KHelpj/j&[ fgjduk;
s&u[f - rlFsr -. LH~Dy - 21 - 22.
Σ℘Ξ∞⇒ΩΤZΩ Σ∫:†Ω↑ΩΤZ ⇑Ω∨ ð∠<∏Σ∧<√≅… ΨΤπZΣΤZ γ∠<∏Σ∧<√≅… ð∠Ψ∏ΗΤΩ∨ ϑðψΣΠς∏√≅… ΞΣΤ∈ …
⁄Σ∃ κΩ<√≅… ð∉ΨŸΩ∼ΨŠ Σ∫∃ :†Ω↑ΩΤZ ⇑Ω∨ ΘΣΨϒΣΤZΩ Σ∫:†Ω↑ΩΤZ ⇑Ω∨ ΘΣ∞ΤΤΨ⊕ΣΤZΩ Σ∫:†Ω↑ΩΤZ ⇑ΘΩ∧Ψ∨ ð∠<∏Σ∧<√≅…
.[A : )%O P

] ≈ (26) χ≤ÿΨŸΩΤ∈ ω∫πΩ→ ΘΞΡ υς∏Ω∅ ð∠Πς⇓ΜΞ…
L#l|k eyuk'k. "eyukd :pjefU\jsRy
Kmac[Frlu L#l|kSi rJ KS`Cj)k'iG)[ rJ
:PjefU; rHdk'k . rJ KS`Cj)k'igjH rj'[
:PjefU; rJ tmk\k rJ)kduk; sv$k'k. rJ
KS`Cj)k'iG)[ rJ Yefle; rHdk'k. rJ
KS`Cj)k'iG)[ rJ rjÕUf igk\kduk; sv$k'k.
rjsRy ssdiCasYf rØuk=f[. rjC[vualuk; rJ
t#l dlgU\jrk; dqjik=irldk'k. -:hkT;ylR-
26
†Ω∑ΘΩ≤Ω⊆Ω,πΤ♥Σ∨ 〉ψς∏⊕ΩΤÿΩ †ΩΣΤ∈ƒΞ⁄ ϑðΨ/≅… ς∏Ω∅ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… Ξ≥⁄Κς‚≅… ℑ ξ◊ΤΘΩΤŠ:…Ω ⇑Ψ∨ †Ω∨Ω …
.[A : )Q
C
] ≈ (6) ξ⇐κΨ‰ΣΘ∨ ξˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ ℑ ΘβΡ †& ΩΩ∅Ω ⌠ΤΩ,πΤ♥Σ∨Ω
>oajujH ulsflgk wÔkik; ,LfjsRy
KewJir; L=l|k ~lPUf ]yyflujM#lsf T#.
Liuksm flac c[Fhik; ,coÊj/k c[Fhik;
LiR Lyjuk'k. t#l; c[e<[malu Qgk
SgDujhk![. |op[-6.

] ≈ (54) Ω⇐κΨ∧ς∏ΗΤΩ⊕<√≅… ϑ〉‡Ω⁄ ϑðΣ/≅… ð∉Ω⁄†Ω‰ΩΤZ Σ≤∨Κς‚≅…Ω Σ⊂<∏Ω<√≅… Σς√ ‚ς"Κς… ... …
.[ : )RO<
L#l|k eyuk'k. Lyjukd cU<[mj/k;
ClcrlPjdlgik; Li'k fs'uln[. Shld
gÊjflilu L=l|k a|fIeoGÑrlujgj)k'k. -
LH L|[ylE[.54.
g![.
egjCkÓ DkG:rk; fjgk ck'\k;
egjvus/mk\jf' LfUk\a rla*xk;,
egjeoGnalu cijSC<fdxk; L#l|kij'[
alYfaln'[ ijCIcj)kd.
φΣŸΨ™<∏ΣΤÿ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… Ν…Σ⁄Ω′Ω †∃ ΩΨŠ ΣΣ∅ ≅†ΩΤ⊇ υΩ⇒π♥Σ™<√≅… Σ∫:†Ω∧♠Κς‚≅… ΨΠς∏Ψ√Ω …
)RO<
] ≈ (180) Ω⇐ΣΤ∏Ω∧⊕ΩΤÿ Ν…ΣΤ⇓†ς †Ω∨ Ω⇐Ω∞•Σ∼Ω♠ −&ΨΜΞ;ΗΤΤΩ∧♠Κς… ⌡Ψ⊇
.[S :
"L#l|kijr[ ]yyik; r#Segkdxk![.
LfjrlH : SegkdxjH Lisr rj*X ijxj&[
sdl=kd. LisRy SegkdxjH d{Yfja;
dlnj)k'isg rj*X ijM[ dxukd. LiG
svu[f[ igk'fjsRy Eh; LiG)[ iqjsu
rHds/mk;. L|[ylE[- 180-
$
C ) ?X Y3Q CZG& !" )VW FT9$ T9$ %U" :
.[*20O N:+"] ."$
[\
r~j -c- eyÉk. fJG&uluk; L#l|kijr[
-99- rla*xk![., :g(jhk; Lfjsr tÑjulH
cIGÏ\H YeSiCj&k. LiR ]drldk'k , ]dfI;
T<[ms/mkduk; sv$k'k. - ~kDlgj - akc[hj;-
TO ijCIlc; rjhsdl=k'f[ a|\lu g![

Lmjc[Flr ffI\jhldk'k.
1- L#l|kij'[ LfUk\a rla*xk;,
egjeoGnalu cijSC<fdxkak![. TO
YeSfUdfdsx#l; egjeoGnaldk'k Lfjr[
ulsflgk ijP\jhk; dkyi[ igk'j#. LisRy
cU<[mjdxjH :gk; fs' Lfj'[ fk#UglSul
,e(kdlglSul T#.
L#l|kijsRy LfUk\aalu rla\jH
seMfln[ () t''k; wJij)k'iR LisRy
ijSC<n\jH seMfln[ (
) wJiR - t'f[.
Lfi'[ Sulwj)k' goe\jH ulsflgk
iUlDUlrik; domlsf cFjgs/mk\H
rjg^r[Paldk'k.
TO (
)t' K'falu ijSC<n;
cÙoGnik;, rjfUikaldk'k, TfjH dqjik;,Lyjik;
Selshuk= egjeoGnalu ijSC<n*xksm
Tr*X Qgkaj&jMk![. TfjH Qgk T#lu[a
akRdm)kdSul, Qgk rlC; i'[ SvgkdSul T#.
≈ ... χ⋅& ⌠ΤΩΤ⇓ ‚Ω"Ω β◊Ω⇒ΨΤ♠ ΙΣΡϒΣΚ<†ΩΤZ ‚Ω" Σ⋅& ΘΣΤ∼Ω⊆<√≅… ΘΣΩ™<√≅… ΩΣ∑ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ΩΗΤς√ΞΜ… :‚Ω" ϑðΣ/≅… …
.[ : )

]
L#l|k Lir#lsf sspiaj#, t''k;
wJij&jgj)k'iR, au)Sal, Ky)Sal, Lisr
~lPj)kduj#" LH~Dy-255-
2- Ky)[, dqjij#lu[a, Ld[Éf, LYda;

Selshuk= rUorfuksmuk;, Selglu[auksmuk;,
ijSC<n*sx sflM[ L#l|k rjgkelPjd;
egjCkÓrldk'k. Lf[Selsh LisRy
ijSC<n*sx LisRyc{<[mjdSxlm[
fk#Us/mk\k'fjsr sflMk; LiR
egjCkÓrldk'k. :uf[
sdl![ L=l|kik; LisRy fjgk pofgk;
L#l|kijsr sflM[ rjS<Pj& dlgU*sx
rjS<PjS)!fk;, ijpogs/mkS\!fk;,
rjG^Óaldk'k. Trj L#l|kijsr au);
ejmjdomkduj#'[ rl; eyukSÙlX arÍjhlS)!
dlgU; K'f ijSC<nalu

- t#l;
rjuYÔj&[ sdl!jgj)k'iR t'
ijSC<n\jsRy eoG\Jdgnaldk'k [ Lf[. Lf[
Selsh Lisr Ky); ejmjdomkduj#'[ rl;
eyukSÙlX Lf[ LisRy K'f ijSC<nalu -

-
t' ijSC<n\jsRy eoG\Jdgnaldk'k.
Tf[Selshuldk'k L=l|kijsr sflM[ rjS<Pj&
t#l dlgU*xk; ,:ufjrlH L=l|kalYfSa
egjeoGnrlujsMl=o,. L#l\isg#l;
LeoGnaldk'k.

] ≈ (11) Σ⁄κΨ±Ω‰Τ<√≅… Σ⊗∼Ψ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… ΩΣ∑Ω ∫χ∃ πΤΩ→ −ΨΨπ∏‘Ψ∧ς ð♦∼Τς√ ... …
.[ : )]
L
"Li'[ fk#Ualuj ulsfl'jaj#. LiR t#l;
dlnk'irk;, SdX)k'irkaldk'k. -Coyl- 11-
.[A : )^0Z_
] ≈ (46) ΨŸ∼Ψ‰Ω⊕<∏ΠΨ√ ξψΗΤΠς∏ðℵ≠ΨΤŠ ð∠ΘΣΤŠΩ⁄ †Ω∨Ω ... …
"rjsRy GÊjfli[ _fsRy_ LmjadSxlm[ rl;
LrJfjdlnj)k'ir#. --
EkÍjh\[ - 46 -
ℑ ‚Ω"Ω γ‹.ΩΗΤΩ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… ℑ ξ∫πΤΩ→ ⇑Ψ∨ ΙΣΩ∞Ψ•⊕Σ∼Ψ√ ϑðΣ/≅… φ†ς †Ω∨Ω ... …
.[ : )`_

] ≈ ... Ξ≥
& ⁄Κς‚≅…
":dlC*xjhk;, >oajujhkak= ulsfl'jrk;,
L=l|ksi SflHej)lrlij#. LiR
cG%w[Érk; cG%Cd[frkaldk'k." --ElfIjG-44-
.[A : )a"
] ≈ (64) †⊥ΘΤ∼Ψ♥ΩΤ⇓ ð∠ΘΣΤŠΩ⁄ Ω⇐†ς †Ω∨Ω ... …
"rjsRy gÊjfli[ ay)k'irlujMj#. "-- ay[u;-
64-
L#l|kijsRy K'f rla*xjhk; LfUk\a

ijSC<n*xjhk;, YeiG\r*xjhkak=
ijCIlcaldk'k Lisr arÍjhl)kilrk;, Lisr
alYf; :glPj)kilrkak= Qsg Qgk alGÏ;. dlgn;
TO pkrjulijH si&[ LisRy cU<[mjdX)isr
dlnkdu'f[ :clPUaldk'k. L*jsr
Cgjulufk; Srglufkalu alGÏ\jHLisr
:glPj)kilR clPj)k'k. L#l|kijH ijCIIcj&
Qgk Lmja ijSC<n; s&$s/M L#l|kijsr
:glPj)kSÙlX -
é L#l|kijr[ zkn*Sxl svu[fjdSxl T#'[
ilpj)k'iG)ln[-ak|\jhJ*X t'[ eyuk'f[ê
T#lu[aSuuk;, - éL#l|kijsRy
zkn*xk; svu[fjdxk; ark<Ugksm zkn*xk; ,
svu[fjdxk; Selsh fs'uln'[
ilpj)k'iG)ldk'k akaÍjhJ*X t'[ eyuk'f[
ê *X ~j;~s\ukaln[ :glPj)k'f[, t'lH
]drk;, ]iG)k; :YCualujMk=irk;,
wrj)kdSul, wØ; rHdkdSul s&$l\irk;,
fk#Urkaj#l\irkalu L#l|kijsruln[ Qgk
uplGÒ akc[hj; :glPj)k'f[.
L#l|kijsRy LfUk\a rla*sx
c[Fjgs/mk\kSÙX egjznjS)! dlgU*X...
1-- ijCkÓDkG:rk;, fjgk ck'\k;, rak)[

egj&us/mk\j\' t#l r# rla*sxuk;
doMkdSul, dky)kdSul sv$lsf Lsf Selsh
ijCIcj)kd.
Σ⇑Ψ∨Σ∧<√≅… Σ¬ΗΤς∏ΘΩ♥√≅… 〉♣ΠΡŸΣ⊆<√≅… 〉∠Ψ∏Ω∧<√≅… ΩΣ∑ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ΩΗΤς√ΞΜ… :‚Ω" ΨϒΠς√≅… ϑðΣ/≅… ΩΣ∑ …
†ΘΩ∧∅ ϑðΨ/≅… Ω⇑ΗΤΩ™‰ΤΣ♠ Σ⁄& ΘΨιΩ|Ω,Σ∧<√≅… Σ⁄†ΘΩ‰φΤΤ•<√≅… Σ∞ÿΞ∞Ω⊕<√≅… 〉⇔Ψ∧∼ΩΣ∧<√≅…
.[@ : )Lb

] ≈ (23) φΣ{Ξ≤π↑ΣΤÿ
"flr#lsf ulsflgk :glPUrkaj#l\
L#l|kilniR. glwlPjdlgak=irk;,
egaegjCkÓrk;, calPlr; rHdk'irk;,
SaHSrlM; rHdk'irk;, Yeflejuk;,
egalPjdlgjuk;, a|fIak=irk; :dk'k LiR
e(kS&G)k'fjH rj'#l; L#l|k tYfSul
egjCkÓR" -- |C[G - 23 -
h %i hi& DU 8j0" :
.f gW c? %& ?9 d ê
.X n )l < m
9 g5 )%?k )^;& HU *U H )5b
p OQ q % 5$" : c? _ ."1
2 ob )1/(
*W OQ 5 652 o9:; rs : .80O& *
:

.[ 5y& QQ
& 6 ] ."wxO& * Yvt nU )Kf& * oOtQ nU rs 8uO<
"r~j -c- QglX YelGÒj)k'fluj SdMk, "
L=l|ksi rjS'lm[ ÉlR YelGÒj)k'k, dlgn;
rjr)ln[ cG%c[fkfjuk;, :glPr)G|R rJ
alYfaldk'k, rJuln[ t#l; rHdk'iR,
:dlC>oajdsx em&fk; rJuldk'k,
cG%a|fI\jsRyuk; Kmac[Frk; rJuldk'k,.
t''k; wJij)k'irk;, t#l; rjuYÔj)k'fk;
rJuldk'k. "r~j -c- Svlpj&k, L=l|kijSrlm[
tÔ[ sdl!ln[ YelGÒjS)!sf'yjukSal? LiG
eyÉk L=l|kik; LisRy Yeilvdgk;
Lyjuk'k. tsRy :f[ali[ :gksm d$jhlSnl
LiR fs'uln[ cfU;, L=l|kijsRy
:fUk\a rla*sx akRrjG\j Svlpj&lH
rHds/mk;, YelGÒj&lH K\g; rHds/mk;." --
L~opliop[ - L|[ap[--
2 -- TO rla*X t#l; fs' L#l|k cIu;

rladgn; svu[ffldk'k. :ufjrlH fsRy
c{<[mjdX)lG)k;, Lisu sdl![ rladgn;
sv$lR elmj#. K'fk;, a|lrkalu L#l|k cIu;
fs' :rla*X sdl![ ekdq[fjujgj)k'k.
:rla*X ekfkfluj K!luSfl c{<[mjSul L#.
3-- TO K'falu rla*X ixsg egjeoGnalu

LGÒ\jhk=fldk'k. Lfjr[ ulsflgk goe\jhk;
Qgk dkyik; igk'j#. :ufjrlH TO rla*xjH
ijCIcj)k'f[Selsh LfkXsdl=k' :Cu\jhk;
ijCIcj)H rjG^r[Paldk'k.
4--- : rla*X KXsdl=k' :Cus\

~|kalrj)k'Sflm/;, LfjH ulsflgk alËSal,
dx*s/mk\Shl sv$lfjgj)H rjG^r[Paldk'k.
5 -- : rla*xksm SfMsaS'ln; igk' t#l

ijPjdxjhk;, LSflm/; igk'
t#lYeiG\r*xjhk;, Lmulx*xjhk;
ijCIcjS)!fldk'k.
SaHijigj& LÖ[ dlgU*xk; L#l|k cIu;

rladgn; svu[f (
) t' rla; KÓgj&[
rak)[ ijCpJdgJ)l;..
1- ijCkÓ DkG:rjhk; fjgk

ck'\jhk;,egjvus/mk\jufrkcgj&[ (
)
t#l; SdX)k'iR t' rla; L#l|kijrk!'[
rl; ijCIcj)kd.
2- ijCkÓ DkG:rjhosm TO rla; L#l|k

cIu; rladgn; svu[ffln'[ ijCIcj)kd.
3- (
)t' rla; L#l|kijsRy
ijSC<n*xjH seM () t' ijSC<n;
KXsdl=k'k t'[ ijCIcj)kd.
4-- (ّ‫ )ا‬SdXij t' K'falu ijSC<ns\

:pgj)H rak)[ rjG^r[Paldk'k. Lf[Selsh
LfjsRy :Cus\Sul LGÒs\Sul,
alËjayj)kdSul, pkGiUlDUlrj)kdSul sv$lR
elmj#l\fldk'k.
5-- L#l|k t#l; SdX)ksa'[ rl;

ijCIcj)kd. fJG&uluk; LisRy SdXij t#l
C~[p*sxuk; ihu; svu[fjgj)k'ksi'k;,
LfjsRy LrÔgEhaluj K!lSd!
L#l|kijsRy rjgJÊnik;, Lisr >us/mhk;,
Lir[ Si!j fD[iuk=igSd!fk;, Qgk
Lmjauksm ~lPUfuldk'k. Lf[ Selsh LisRy
akÙjH ulsfl'k; Lp{CUa#'k= p{@ijCIlcik;
K!lulgjS)!fln[.
L#l|kijsRy K'f ijSC<n*X

c[Fjgs/mk\kSÙlX egjznjS)!
dlgU*X.
1--- ijCkÓ DkG:rjhk;, r~j vgUujhk; i'jMk=
cG%ijSC<n*xk; ulsflgk fjgjayjSul
pkGiUlDUlrSal domlsf ijCIcj)kd.
2--- L#l|k egjeoGnik;, K'falu
ijSC<n*xlH ijSC<j/j)s/Mrln'k;,
ulsflgk Selglu[auksmSul, rUorfuksmSul
ijSC<n\jHrj'k; L#l|k eoGnrluk;
akd[frln'[ pU@aluj ijCIcj)kd.
3 -- L#l|kijsRy ijSC<n*sx LisRy
cU<[mjdX)[ ijSC<j/j)lfjgj)kd, dlgn;
LisRy ijSC<n*xkaluj fkhUs/mk\kilR
LG|s/M Q'k; fs' T#'k; ijCIcj)kd.
)]
L
] ≈ (11) Σ⁄κΨ±Ω‰Τ<√≅… Σ⊗∼Ψ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… ΩΣ∑Ω ∫χ∃ πΤΩ→ −ΨΨπ∏‘Ψ∧ς ð♦∼Τς√ …
.[ :
"Li'[ fk#Ualuj ulsfl'kaj#. LiR t#l;
4 -- : ijSC<n\jsRy goe; t*jsruln'[

L#l|kijr[ alYfSa Lyjuo. :ufjrlH
:goe*sx rjG%vj)k'fjH rj'k;
egjeoGnaluk; QqjÉ[ rjH)kd. Lfjsr
goes/mk\kilR Qgk c{<[mj)k; clPUa# fs'.
5 -- : ijSC<n*X t#l; fs' KXsdl=k'
ijPjdxjhk;, Lmulx*xjhk; ijCIcj)kd. dlgn;
t#l cjE\kdxjhk; :glPrum*jujMk![.
SaHijigj& LÖ[ dlgU*X )

(cj;|lcc[Frldkd t' ijSC<n\jhosm
ijCpJdgj)l;.
1 --- af\jsRy Lmjc[Flr Yealn*X

ijCpJdgj&f[ Yedlg; L#l|kijr[ () t'
ijSC<n; K!'[ ijCIcj)kd.
.[ : )*`
] ≈ (5) υΩΩΤ,Τ♠≅… Ξ↔⌠≤ΤΩ⊕<√≅… ς∏Ω∅ Σ⇑ΗΤΩ∧šΘΩ≤√≅… …
"ega dlgknjdR cj;|lcrc[Frldk'k.
fIl|- 5 -
2 --- L#l|kijsRy a|fI\jrk; egjeoGnf)k;
Sulvj)k' goe\jH ( ) t' ijSC<n;
L#l|kijr[ c[Fjgs/mk\kd. TfjsRy LGÒ;
uFlGÒ\jH cj;|lcr\jH L#l|kijsRy
K'fjuk;, KuG&Suukaln[ - LisRy
a|fI\j'k; , stCIgU\j'k; Sulvj)k'
goe\jH - covj/j)k'f[ .
3 -- cj;|lcr\jhk= LisRy :Sgl|ns\

LisRy c{<[mjdxksm :Sgl|nS\lm[
clp{CUs/mk\lfjgj)kd , dlgn; L#l|kij'[
cj;|lcr\jsRy :iCUaj# ,t'lH LisRy
c{<mjdX)[ cj;|lcr\jsRy :iCUak![flrk;.
L#l|k eyuk'k .

] ≈ (11) Σ⁄κΨ±Ω‰Τ<√≅… Σ⊗∼Ψ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… ΩΣ∑Ω ∫χ∃ πΤΩ→ −ΨΨπ∏‘Ψ∧ς ð♦∼Τς√ …
.[ : )]
L
"Li'[ fk#Ualuj ulsfl'jaj#. LiR t#l;
4 -- L#l|kijsRy cj;|lcrc[FlSgl|n\jsRy
goesa*jsruln'[ rjG%vj)lfjgj)kd. dlgn;
Lf[ ayÉdlgUaldk'k. Lf[ L#l|kijr[ alYfSa
Lyjukdsul=o.
5 -- TfjsRy fkmG&suS'ln; K!ldk'

ijPjujHrj'k;,Lmulx*xjH rj'k;, KH>ofaldk'
L#l|kijsRy K'fjuk;, Yefleik;, Li'[
Sulvj)k' goe\jhlsn'k;, c{<mjdxjHrjs'#l;
fs' rjgkelPjd; L#l|k LfUk'fln'k;
L;zJdgj)kd. Li'[ Si!j cl;<[ml;z; sv$k'
QglX ( !" # $%) ]Ëik; K'frlu
tsRy rlFR tYf egjCkÓR " t'[ eyuk'f[
Selsh t#l |{pu*sxuk; LisRy
QO'jfU\jSh)[ fjgj)kd.
ao'[ .
YefUÊik;, eSglÊikalu t#l :glPr)k;
LiR alYfaln[ LG|rln'k;, Li'[ ulsflgk
e(kdlgrj#'k; Qgk Lmja ijCIcj)kd "
Ν…Σ‰Ψ⇒ΩΤ,–≅…Ω ϑðΩ/≅… Ν…ΣŸΣΤ‰∅≅… γ⇐Κς… ‚Ζ"Σ♠ΩΘ⁄ ξ◊ΤΤΘΩ∨ΡΚ… ΘΞΣ{ ℑ †ΩΤ⇒Τ‘Ω⊕ΩΤŠ ŸΩ⊆ς√Ω …
.[@A : )Yz?

] ≈ ... ð‹
∃ Σ⊕ΗΤϑð≠√≅…
"fJG&uluk; QlSgl cakplu\jhk; rl; pofsr
rjSulzj&jMk![, rj*X L#l|ksi :glPj)kduk;,
pkGaoG\jdsx simjukduk; sv$kd," --r|[H- 36-
: )RO<
] ≈ ... ,ΙΣΣ⁄κΤΩ∅ ]ΗΤς√ΞΜ… ⌠⇑ΨΘ∨ ¬Ρ∇ς√ †Ω∨ ϑðΩ/≅… Ν…ΣŸΣ‰Τ∅≅… ... …
.[
" rj*X L#l|ksi :glPj)kijR ,
Lir#lsf rj*X)[ Qgk :glPUrkaj#. " --
L|[ylE[- 59-

] ≈ ... ƒ∫:†ΤΩ⊃Ω⇒ΤΣš Ω⇑ÿΠΨŸ√≅… ΣΤς√ Ω⇐κΨ±Ψ∏ο〉 ϑðΩ/≅… Ν…ΣŸΣΤ‰⊕Ω∼Ψ√ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ϖΝ…Σ≤Ψ∨ΡΚ… :†Ω∨Ω …
.[ : ) ?2

"dJq[in);, L#l|kijr[ alYf; :)jsdl![
Úwkarc[dglu rjhujH Lisr :glPj)kd." --
~$jr--5
)QT w0O NG " r 5$&" :nTk c? %& Fz2zZ d
w0O NG" : .80O& *
:^0 ."p w0O QT NG "
!" KsT H& w0O QT NG )Vv27 *
/L H 65T %& QT
."Vv27 * {L H
"Lmjadxksm SaH L#l|kijrk=
LidlCik;, L#|kijsRy SaH LmjadX)k=
LidlCik; tÔldk'ksi'[rjr)yjukSal ak:sp,
BlR eyÉk L#l|kij'k; LisRy
Yeilvd'kayjul;. r~j - c- eyÉk, Lmjadxksm
SaH L#l|kijrk= LidlC; Lisr alYf;
:glPj)kd, LirjH :sguk; e([
SvG)lfjgj)kd t'fk;,L#|kijsRy SaH
LmjadX)k= LidlC; CjG)[ sv$l\isg
CjÊj)lfjgj)kd t'fkaldk'k.
uplGÒ sspisa'lH .. |{pu;

LirjSh)ldk'k calPlramuk'f[,
LiSrlmk=Scr|; sdl!ldk'k |{pu*X
rjyuk'f[, aËlsg)lxk; LirjSh)ldk'k
|Upu*X YefJÊuGej&[ rjG\k'f[, aËlsg)lxk;
LirjSh)ldk'k |Upu*X Semj&[ sdl!k;,
>us/Mksdl!k;, c|lu; Svlpj&[ sdl!k;
stCIgUeoGnaldk'f[.
ΩΣ∑ −ΨΤΤΨ⇓Σ ⇑Ψ∨ Ω⇐Σ∅ŸΤΩÿ †Ω∨ ΥφςΚ…Ω ΣΘ⊂Ω™<√≅… ΩΣ∑ Ωϑð/≅… ΥφΚς†ΨΤŠ ð∠Ψ√.ς′ …
.[A : )|b

] ≈ (62) Σ⁄γκ‰Ω|<√≅… ϑ〉Ψ∏Ω⊕<√≅… ΩΣ∑ ϑðΩ/≅… ΥφςΚ…Ω 〉Ψ≠ΗΤΩΤ‰<√≅…
"LsfÔ[sdl!'lH L#l|kiln[
cfUalujMk=iR, Lirk ekySa LiG
]sfl'jsr ijxj&kYeGÒj)k'kSil
Lfkfs'uln[ rjgGÒdalujMk=f[.
L#l|kfs'uln[ K'frk;, a|lrkalujMk=f[." --
LH |ww [- 62 -
Tfldk'k Lmjadxksm YeiG\r*X akSDr
L#l|kijsr ]ds/mk\H.
é fO|JpjsRy YelPlrU; ----- ّ‫ أه ا‬ê
1 -- af\jsRy YeFaik; , YePlrik;

,YefUÊik;, eSglÊikalufk;, LiclrS\fkalu
,hÊU; fO|Jpldk'k. cG% YeilvdØlgksmuk;
YeS~lPrik; Tfk fs'ulujgk'k.
2 -- fO|Jpjr[ Si!juln[L#l|k
c{<[mjdsxuk;, YeillvdØlsguk; Lu&fk;,
SipYzr[F*xjy)jufk;, fO|JpjsRy
dlgn\lhldk'k wr*X cfUijCIlcjdxk;,
LijCIlcjdxk;, >lzUilØlgk;, pOG>lzUilØlgk;
:uj >j'j&fk;.
3 -- ~kÓjuk;, ijSidikak= YelueoG\jukalu

Qgkir[ :pUaluj rjG^r[Pal)s/Mfk;
fO|Jpldk'k. QglX Tc[hlajSh)[
YeSiCj)k'fk;, pkRulijH rj'[ eky\[
Seldk'fk; TO fO|Jp[ sdl!ldk'k.
fO|JpjsRy ---- ّ‫ ا‬

c[FjgJdgn;
Tf[ sfËjHrj'k;, ele\jHrj'k;,
~jp[L\jHrj'k;, L#l|kijH e([
SvG)k'fjsRy t#l eqkfkdxjH rj'k; cIu;
CkÓJdgj)hk;, QqjÉ[ rjH)hkaldk'k.
Tf[ g![ ijPaldk'k. Q'[- rjG^r[Palufk;,

asËl'[- ck'\lufkaldk'k.
rjG^r[Paluf[ eoGnaldk'f[
ao'[dlgU*Xsdl!ldk'k.
1-- fO|JpjsRy Lmj\ysufs' ~lPj)k'
L#l|kijH e([ SvG)k'fjH rj'k; eOGnaluk;
QqjÉ[ rjH)kd.
2 -- L#l|kij'[ rjG^r[Paluk; eoGnalS)!

dlgU*sx rjS<Pj)k' ~jp[L\jHrj'k; QqjÉ[
rjH)kd, Lf[Selsh fs' Lisr fs' SvlpU;
svu[f[ LijCIlc\jShs)\j)k'
~jp[L\jHrj'k; QqjÉ[ rjH)kd.
3 -- fsRy YefjEh\jH rUorf igk', LfjsRy

YefjEh\jr[ SdlM; fMk' sfËjH rj'k; QqjÉ[
rjH)kd.
ck'\lu dlgU; ......
Tf[ ck'\lujuln[ dHej)s/Mjgj)k'f[.

Tfjrk= Kpl|gn; flSq sdlmk)k'k.
1 -- (‫ إ ن‬ê rØuksm t#l ZM*Sxuk;

eoG\jul)kd.
2 -- (&') pU@rjC[vu\jsRy t#l ZM*Sxuk;

eoG\jul)kd.
3 -- L#l|kijSh)#lsf :gjSh)k;
eglfjs/mlsf Êauksm ckÕgalu goes\
eoGnal)kd.
4 -- L#l|kijSrlm[ alYf; Svlpj&[ c{<[mjdsx

sflM[ rjglCrldk'fjsr ulplGÒUal)kd.
5 -- L#l|kijH alYf; >gSaHej&[ vom[ ejmj)kd,
aYÔ; Kgkijmkd,éTc[hlajH LrkiprJualu
goe\jH K= aYÔ; ê Selshuk= LrkiprJualu
dlgn*sx#l; KSeÊj&[ fi)khjsRy eoGngoe;
ulplGÒUal)kd.
6 -- ck'\lu dlgU*sx#l; svu[f[

L#l|kijSh)mk\[ :glPruksm >lzalu
(ّê Scr|\jsRy eoGn goes\
c[FjgJdgj)kd.
T*sr SaHeyÉgoe\jH fO|Jpjsr

:g(jhk; ulplGÒUal)j, ihju CjG)jHrj'k;
akd[frldk'kSil LiR clÊIfaluj rgd\jH
dm)k'fjH rj'k; rjG>urldk'k, svykfk;,
ihkfkalu CjG)jH rj'k;, iRele*xjH rj'k;,
sfËjH rj'k; :sg(jhk; akd[fj Srmj
ijpogs/mk'kSil LiR Tgk Shld\k;
rjG>urldk'k.
... Σ∫& :†Ω↑Ωÿ ⇑Ω∧Ψ√ ð∠Ψ√.ς′ Ω⇐Σ †Ω∨ Σ≤Ψ⊃πΤΤ⊕ΩÿΩ −ΨΨŠ ð∉Ω≤πΤ↑Σÿ ⇐Κς… Σ≤Ψ⊃πΤ⊕Ωÿ ‚Ω" ϑðΩ/≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… …
.[ : )>9?

] ≈
fS'lm[ e([ S&G)s/mk'f[ L#l|k Qgj)hk;
selyk)kduj#. Lsflqj&k=sf#l; LiR
KSp[pCj)k'iG)[ LiR selyk\[
sdlmk)k'fln[. rjclL[-48
Σ⇑∨ςΚ‚≅… Σ¬Σς√ ð∠ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς√ΟΚΡ… ]ψ<∏Ρℵ≠ΨŠ ψΣΩ⇒ΤΗΤΩ∧ÿΞΜ… Ν…;ΤΤΣ♥Ψ‰<∏ΩΤÿ ψς√Ω Ν…Σ⇒ΤΩ∨…ƒ∫ ⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… …
.[: )1T;<

] ≈ (82) Ω⇐ΣŸΩΤ,ΘΣ∨ ¬Σ∑Ω
ijCIcj)kduk;, f*xksm ijCIlc\jH
LrUlu; doMjdhG\lfjgj)kduk; svu[figlSgl
LiG)ln[ rjG>ufIak=f[. LiG fs'uln[
SrGalGÏ; Yelej&iG.-- LR:; - 82-
fO|JpjsRy ijegJf; CjG)ldk'k.
Tf[ ao'[ ijPaldk'k.
1- ihju CjG)[ fO|JpjsRy Lmj\ysu

rjS<Pj)k'fk;, eC[vlfle\jhosmu#lsf
L#l|k selyk)s/ml\fkaldk'k. :sg(jhk;
ihjuCjG)[ svu[f[ sdl![ agns/MlH LiR
rgd\jH rjfUilcjukaldk'k. : ihju
CjG)jHseMfln[ Qgmja :glPrujH L#l|kijr[
caØlsg K!l)kduk;, L#l|kijsr >us/mk'f[
Selshuk;, Scr|j)k'f[ Selshuk;, : caØlsg
Scr|j)kduk;, >us/mkduk;, LigjHrj'[
c|lu; :iCUs/mkduk;, LigjH
>gSaHej)kduk;, Lisg ijxj&[ YelGÒj)kduk;
sv$kd t'fk;.
Σ⁄∃ †ΘΩΤ⇒√≅… ΣΗΤΩΚ<†Ω∨Ω Ω◊Πς⇒Ω•<√≅… Ψ∼ς∏Ω∅ ϑðΣ/≅… Ω⋅ΘΩ≤Ωš ŸΤΩ⊆ΩΤ⊇ Ψϑð/≅†ΨΤŠ ∉Ξ≤πΤ↑ΣΤÿ ⇑Ω∨ ΙΣΠςΤ⇓ΜΞ… ... …
.[: )5-k

] ≈ (72) ξ⁄†φΤΤ±⇓Κς… ⌠⇑Ψ∨ φκΨ∧Ψ∏ΗΤϑðℵ≠∏Ψ√ †Ω∨Ω
"L#l|kSilm[ :g(jhk; e([ SvG)k'eÊ;
fJG&uluk; L#l|k Li'[ cIGÏ;
rj<jÓal)k'fln[. rgd; LisRy
ilcc[Fhalujgj)k'fkaldk'k. LYdajdX)[
c|lujdxluj :gk; fs'uj# t'ln[. -- alTp.
72 -
2- svyju CjG)[ fO|JpjsRy eoGnf)[ >;z;
igk\k'fldk'k. Lf[ ShldalrUfuk;,
L#l|ki#l\igksm SegjH cfU;
sv$kdSelshuk= dlgU*X Lm*k'
YeiG\r*X akSDr ihju CjG)jShs)\j)k'
t#l YeiG\r*xk; svyju CjG)jH seMfldk'k.
3 -- SzleUalu CjG)[ - Tf[ fsRy KS`Cik;
arÍjhk= rj$\k;, f+jH ~r[Ps/Mjgj)k'k.
vjhS/lX Lf[ akdxjH ijigj& svyju, ihju
CjG)jSh)k; t\j)k'fldk'k.
8,20O R3& " R
3& %U" :
%& 52 ! Q
} !O
."> : p
~< {L "
)~< {L
.[5y& 1"( 6 ]
r~j - c- eyÉk. rj*xjH BlR ]Ëik;
domkfH >us/mk'f[ svyju CjG)ldk'k. LS/lX
cI|l~jdX Svlpj&k, tÔldk'k svyju CjG)[ ?
r~j - c- eyÉk , ShldalrUaldk'k. - L|[ap[-
2 -- T~lp\jsRy rjG%vr;.
L#l|kijSh)mk/j)k' t#l YeiG\r*xk;,

Liui*X akSDr sv$k' t#l YeiG\r*xk;,
|{pu*X akSDruk= YeiG\r*xk;,
iCIlc*xk; Lm*jujMk= L#l|k
T<[ms/mkduk; f{e[fjs/mkduk; sv$k' t#l;
KXsdl=k'fjsRy Segldk'k T~lp\[
- :glPr -
ijCkÓDkG:rjhk;, ak|+p[ r~j- c -

uksm vgUujhk; L#l|k Cy|luj
KXsdl=j&jMk= t#l dlgU*xk; T~lp\jsRy
igkfjujH igk'k. LfjH ssiijPUalG'
:glPrl dG+*X KXsdl!fldk'k. LfjH
|{pu; sdl!k= :glPruk![, :y[ ijCIlc
dlgU*xk;, >u;, YefJÊ, >gSaHej)H, YefJÊuk;,
YefUlCuk; Selshuk= aËk :glPrldlgU*xk;
LfjHs/Mfldk'k. Lf[ Selsh rac[dlg;,
cdlf[, SrlÙ[, |ww[ fkm*ju Yedmalu
:glPrdxk; LfjHs/Mfldk'k.
g![ Lmj\yujH emk\kuG\l\ Qgk

:glPruk; cIJdgj)kduj#.
1- :glPrdsx#l; L#l|kij'[ rj<[dx(al)j

sv$jd, LfjH :sguk; e([ SvG)lfjgj)kd,
Tfldk'k L#l|ki#lsf :glPr)G|R
:gkaj#' (( )* +*) ) clÊUivr\jsRy
:Cu;.
,−ΨΤΤΨΤ⇓Σ ⇔Ψ∨ Ν…ΣϒΩΠςΤZ≅… φ⇔ΤÿΨϒΠς√≅…Ω 〉°
& Ψ√†Ω<√≅… Σ⇑ÿΠΨŸ√≅… ΨΠς∏Ψ√ ‚Ω"Κς… …
Σ¬Ρ∇µðš ϑðΩ/≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… υϖΩ⊃<√Σƒ ϑðΨ/≅… ς√ΞΜ… :†ΩΤ⇓ΣΤŠΘΞ≤Ω⊆Σ∼Ψ√ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ¬Σ∑ΣŸΣ‰Τ⊕ΩΤ⇓ †Ω∨ ƒ∫:†φΤΤΤΤΤΤ∼Ψ√ςΚ…
β⁄†Πς⊃Ω{ τ‡ΨϒΗΤΤς ΩΣ∑ ⌠⇑Ω∨ ΨŸΩΤÿ ‚Ω" Ωϑð/≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… Ω⇐

% Σ⊃Ψ∏Ω,µð Ψ∼Ψ⊇ ¬Σ∑ †Ω∨ ℑ ψΣΩΤ⇒∼ΩΤŠ
.[@: )"E

] ≈ (3)
fJG&uluk; TO Yzr[F;
Lifgj/j&[ f'f[ cfUYedlgaldk'k, LfjrlH
dJq[in); L#l|kijr[ alYf;
rj<[dx(al)jsdl![ Lisr rJ:glPj)kd. --
Lyjukd L#l|kijr[ alYf; LidlCs/Mfldk'k
rj<[dx(alu dJq[in); . Li'k ekySa
gÊlPjdlgjdsx cIJdgj&iG - eyuk'k - "
L#l|kij(Sh)[ B*X)[ domkfH
Lmk/ak!l)jfgkilR Si!j alYfaldk'k B*X
Lisg :glPj)k'f[, LiG ]sflgk
dlgU\jH>j'f ekhG\k'kSil LfjH L#l|k
LiG)jmujH ijPjdHej)kdfs' sv$k;.
rknurk; rÕjsdMirkalujMk=irlSgl Lisr
L#l|k SrGiqjujhl)kduj#, fJG&. - ckaG - 2-3-

] ≈ ... ∫ƒ:†ΤΩ⊃Ω⇒ΤΣš Ω⇑ÿΠΨŸ√≅… ΣΤς√ Ω⇐κΨ±Ψ∏ο〉 ϑðΩ/≅… Ν…ΣŸΣΤ‰⊕Ω∼Ψ√ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ϖΝ…Σ≤Ψ∨ΡΚ… :†Ω∨Ω …
.[: ) ?2
"dJq[in);, L#l|kijr[ alYf; :)jsdl![
Úwkarc[dglu rjhujH Lisr :glPj)kd."
--~$jr--5
2 - ak|+p[ r~j - c - ujH rj'[ i' vgUsu

alYf; ejReËkd. r~j - c - svu[f
YeiG\r*sx ulsflgkijP ]Ëdky&jhkaj#lsf
Lsf goe\jH fs' sv$kd. Tfldk'k
ak|+p[ r~j - c - L#l|kijsRy
Yeilvdrln' clÊUivr\jsRy :Cu;.
ψΡ∇ς√ ⌠≤Ψ⊃πΤΤ⊕ΩΤÿΩ ϑðΣ/≅… Σ¬Ρ∇‰Ψ‰™ΣΤÿ ΨΤ⇓Σ⊕Ψ‰ΠςΤZ≅†ΩΤ⊇ ϑðΩ/≅… Ω⇐ΘΣ‰Ψ™ΣΤZ ψΣ,⇒Ρ ⇐ΜΞ… ΣΤ∈ …
.[@: )%O P

] ≈ ... πψ
% Ρ∇ΩŠΣΤ⇓Σ′
-- r~jSu - eyukd.. rj*X L#l|kijsr
Scr|j)k'k!(jH ts' rj*X ejRfkmgkd,
t(jH L#l|k rj*sx Scr|j)kduk; rj*xksm
ele*X selyk\[ fgjduk; sv$k'fln[."
≈ ... Ν…& ΣΩ,⇓≅†ΩΤ⊇ ΣΤΤ⇒Ω∅ ⌠¬Ρ∇ΗΩΩΤ⇓ †Ω∨Ω ΣΣϒΣΩΤ⊇ ΣΣ♠ΘΩ≤√≅… Σ¬Ρ∇ΗΩΤZ…ƒ∫ :†Ω∨Ω ... …
.[: )Lb
]
rj*X)[ ycoH rHdjusfSÔl Lf[ rj*X
cIJdgj)kd, tsÔl'jHrj'[ LS`|; rj*sx
ijh)kdSul LfjH rj'[ rj*X ijM[
rjH)kduk; sv$kd. - |C[G - 7 -
ψΣΩΤ⇒∼ΩΤŠ Ω≤φΤΤΤΤ•Ω→ †Ω∧∼Ψ⊇ ð∉Σ∧ΨΠ∇Ω™Σÿ υΠς,Ωš φΣ⇒Ψπ∨Σÿ ‚Ω" ð∠ΘΨΤŠΩ⁄Ω ð„ΤΩΤ⊇ …
(65) †_∧∼Ψ∏πΤ♥ΩΤZ Ν…Σ∧ΠΨ∏Ω♥ΣÿΩ ðŒ∼ð∝ΩΤ∈ †ΘΩ∧ΘΨ∨ †_–Ω≤Ωš ¬ΞΨ♥ΣΤ⊃⇓Κς… ⌡Ψ⊇ Ν…ΣŸΤΤµΨðµ– ‚Ω" ΘΩ¬Ρ’
.[A: )>9?

] ≈
"T# rjsRy gÊjflijsr fs'uln[ cfU;,
LiG)jmujH >j'fuk!lu dlgU\jH LiG
rjs' ijPj dG\ilil)kduk;, rJijPj
dHej&fjsr/Ëj ej'Jmigksm arcckdxjH Qgk
ij<aik; Sfl'lfjgj)kduk; , Lf[ eoGnaluj
c+fj&[ Lrkcgj)kduk; sv$k'f[isg LiG
ijCIcj)kduj# . rjclL[. 65
Qgk :glPrl dG+; egjeoGnaluj
ulPlGÒUal)kilrk= rj~r[PrdX.
1 -- L#l|kijSrlmk= Scr|; egjeoGnal)kd,

L#l|kijSrlmk= Scr|s\uk;, L#l|k
T<[ms/mk'fjSrlmk= Scr|s\uk;, aËk=fjSr
Scr|j)k'fjsr)lxk; akÔj/j)kd.
2 -- L#l|kijr[ egjeoGnaluj dJq[s/kduk;,

in*kduk; sv$kd, Qgmja L#l|k
ijSglPj&fjsruk;, dHej&fjsruk;,
L;zJdgj)k'f[ Selsh.
:glPrsu'f[ L#l|kijhk= . >uik;,

YefJÊuk;, dJq[s/mhk;, in*hk;, Lisr
T<[ms/mhk;, LfjsRy uplGÒ goe\jH
egjeoGnaluj caGej)k'fjsRyuk; aËk;
caÉwuldk'k. Tfjhosmuldk'k Qgmja fsRy
gÊjflilu c{<[mlijr[ caGej)k' :glPr
ulPlGÒUaldk'f[. L*jsr L#l|kijr[ :glPr
rjGi|j&isr L#l|k T<[ms/mkduk;,
Yfje[fjs/mkduk; sv$k'k. Qgmja
rjG^r[Pal)s/M dlgU*X sdl![
f'jSh)mk)k'f[ L#l|k T<[ms/mk'k. Qgmja
ck'\lu dlgU*X sdl![ f'jSh)mk)kSÙlX [
L#l|k LiSrlmk= Scr|; iGÓj/j)kduk;,
LisRy epij KuG\kduk; sv$k'k. Tf[
L#l|kijsRy dlgknU; sdl!k;, LrkYz|;
sdl!k; cIGÏ\jH dm)kilR dlgnaldkduk;
sv$k'k.
(55) φ⇔ΤÿΨŸΤΩ,Τ⊕Σ∧<√≅… ϑ〉ˆΨ™Σÿ ‚Ω" ΙΣΠς⇓ΜΞ… [◊& ΩΤ∼πΤ⊃ΣΩ †_Τ∅ΘΣ≤Ω∝ΩΤZ ¬Ρ∇ΘΩΤŠΩ⁄ Ν…Σ∅ ≅… …
.[: )RO<

] ≈
" flq[aSulmkdomjuk;, g|cUalujsdl!k; rj*X
rj*xksm gÊjflijSrlm[ YelGÒj)kd. egjPj ijM[
Seldk'isg L#l|k T<[ms/mkduj#." LL[ylE[ -
55 -
3 -- L#l|kijsRy ]dfI\jrk=
sfxjikdX.
L#l|kijsRy ]dfI\jrk Qgkelm[

sfxjikdxk![, :sg(jhk; Lisu eËj
zOrj)kduk; fsRy ~k`j sdl![ vjÔj)kduk;,
svu[flH L#l|kijsRy ]dfIs\ eËjuk=,
LisRy rla*sxuk;,
ijSC<n*sxuk;,YeiG\r*sxuk; eËjuk=
Lyjik;, sfxjik;, Ky/k;, iG`j)kduk;
go@aohaldkduk; sv$k'k.
TfjH s/M vjh sfxjikdX Kpl|gn\jr

[alYf; fsq sdlmk)k'k.
1 -- a|fIgalu TO YeeÖik;, LfjsRy
cco<[aalu c{<[mj/k;, Lfjhk= ssiijPUalu
cU<[mjdsx eËjuk;, Liuksm vhr*sx Lfj
co<[aaluj YdaJdgj)kduk; svu[f L#l|kijsRy
]dfIs\ eËjuk= Ky/[ fsRy arÍjH
go@aohaldkduk; sv$k'k. :dlC>oajdxksm
c{<[mj/jsr eËjuk;, cogU vYÕ rÊYflfjdxksm
c{<[mj/jsr eËjuk;, rjGwJialu ic[fk)xksmuk;,
ccUhflfjdxksmuk;, wJijdxksmuk;,
ark<UsRyuk; c{<[mj/jsr eËjuk;,
vjÔj)k'ulX)[ S~lPUaldk; Tfjsr#l; fs'
Qgk c{<[mlik!'k;, : c{<[mlildk'k egjeoGn
rla\jrk;,ijSC<n\jrk; LG|sr'k;, LiR
aYfSa sspialilR SulzUsrl=osi'k;,
:ufjrlH Li'[ alYfSa :glPruG/j)kilR
elsml=ksi'k;.
†_Τ–†Ω•Ψ⊇ †Ω∼Ψ⊇ †ΤΤΩ⇒<∏Ω⊕Ω–Ω ⌠¬ΞΨŠ ΩŸ∼Ψ∧ΩΤZ ⇐Κς… 
ƒ Ψ♠.ΩΩ⁄ Ξ≥⁄Κς‚≅… ℑ †ΤΤΩ⇒<∏Ω⊕Ω–Ω …
⌠⇑Ω∅ ⌠¬Σ∑Ω †∃ ⊥ℵ≡Σ⊃οϑðš †_Τ⊃πΤ⊆Ω♠ ∫ƒ:†Ω∧ΘΩ♥√≅… †ΤΤΩ⇒<∏Ω⊕Ω–Ω (31) Ω⇐ΣŸΩΤ,ΩΤÿ ⌠¬ΣΠς∏Ω⊕Πς√ „Σ‰Σ♠
ð♦∧ϑðΤ↑√≅…Ω Ω⁄†ΩΘΩΤ⇒√≅…Ω ΩΤΤ∼Πς√≅… Ω⊂ς∏Ω ΨϒΠς√≅… ΩΣ∑Ω (32) Ω⇐Σ∂Ξ≤⊕Σ∨ †ΩΨ,ΗΤΩΤÿ…ƒ∫
=@:m )>2;<
] ≈ (33) Ω⇐Σ™ΩΤ‰♥ΩΤÿ ξ∠ς∏ΩΤ⊇ ℑ ΘβΣ Ω≤∃ Ω∧ΩΤ⊆<√≅…Ω
.[@@
" >oaj Lisguk; sdl![
Txdlfjgj)kilrluj LfjH rl; Ky&[ rjH)k'
eG%f*xk!l)kduk; svu[fjgj)k'k, LiG iqj
d!S\!fjrluj LiujH - eG%f*xjH -
ijClhalu elfdSxGs/mk\kduk;
svu[fjfjgj)k'k. :dlCs\ rl; c;gÊjfalu
Qgk SaHekgul)JMkak![. LigldsM Lfjsh -
:dlC\jsh - p{<[mlÔ*X YCÓj)lsf fjgjÉk
dxuk'igldk'k. LirsYf glYfj , edH, cogUR,
vYÕR t'jisu cU<[mj&f[, QlSgl'k; QlSgl
Y>an eF\jhosm rJÔj - cÖgj&[ -
sdl!jgj)k'k. " LR~jul -- 31 - 33.
⌠¬Σ|Ψ,Ω⇒Ψ♥<√ςΚ… 〉∪ΗΤς∏Ψ,πΤ≅…Ω Ξ≥⁄Κς‚≅…Ω γ‹.ΩΗΤΩ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… Σ⊂Τ<∏Ω −ΨΨ,ΗΤΩΤÿ…ƒ∫ ⌠⇑Ψ∨Ω …
)1
] ≈ (22) Ω⇐κΨ∧Ψ∏ΗΤΩ⊕<∏ΠΨ√ ξŒΗΤΩΤÿ‚Κςð" ð∠Ψ√.ς′ ℑ ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… πψ
& Ρ∇ΨΤ⇓.Ω<√ςΚ…Ω
.[:
" :dlC >oajdxksm cU<mjuk;, rj*xksm
>l<dxjhk;, iGn*xjhkak= iUfUcik; LisRy
p{<[mlÔ*xjH seMfsYf. fJG&uluk; LfjH
Lyjik=iG)[ p{<[mlÔ*xk![." - yo;.- 22
2 -- Qgk Yeilvdsruk; af dHerdX rHdj

Ligksm dosm L#l|kijsRy ]dfIs\uk;,
:glPr)G|R LiR alYfaln'k;
c[Flej)kilR Si! Cd[fik;, sid[fikalu
sfxjikdxk;, p{<[mlÔ*xk; rHdlsf Lu&jMj#.
Lf[ Selsh af\jH KXsdl=j&jMk= af
ijPjdX alYf; afj Tf[ sfxJ)kilR, dlgn;
t#l; Lyjuk'irk; ffId[Élrjuk;, c{<[mlik;,
gÊjflikalu QgkiR c{<[mj& c{<[mjdX)[
egjeoGnaluj Sulvj)k' goe\jhk= Qgk
ffIc;|jf ekys/mkiJ)kilR dqjik=iR
K'frk;, a|lrkalu sspi; alYfSauk=osi'[.
Ω⇐…ΩƒκΨ∧<√≅…Ω ðˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ∇<√≅… 〉ψΣΩ⊕Ω∨ †Ω⇒<√Ω∞⇓Κς…Ω γŒΗΤΩΤ⇒ΘΞ∼Ω‰<√≅†ΨŠ †ΩΤ⇒ς∏Σ♠Σ⁄ †ΩΤ⇒<∏Ω♠⁄ςΚ… ŸΤΩ⊆ς√ …
.[: )55b

] ≈ ... ÷
Ψ∃ ♥Ψ⊆<√≅†ΨŠ 〉♣†Πς⇒√≅… Ω⋅Σ⊆Ω∼Ψ√
"fJG&uluk; rl; r+ksm pofØlsg
iUd[fikalu p{<[mlÔ*xk;sdl![
Lu)kduk!luj. wr*X rJfjeoG%;
rjhsdl=kilR Si!j LiSglm/; rl;
SipYzr[Fik;, fkhlÍk; Ty)jsdlmk)kduk;
svu[fk. |pJp[ -- 25
…ΩϒΗΤΩ∑ ΞπΤΤ‘Ψ∧ΨŠ Ν…ΣΤZ<Κ†ΩΤÿ ⇐Κς… υϖς∏Ω∅ ΘΣ⇑Ψ•<√≅…Ω 〉♦⇓‚ΞΜ≅… γŒΩ⊕Ω∧ΩΤ,–≅… Ξ⇑ΜΞΠς√ ΣΤ∈ …
(88) …_⁄κΞςℵ≡ ω×⊕Ω‰Ψ√ ⌠¬Σ〉∝⊕ΩΤŠ φ†ς ⌠Τς√Ω −ΨΨπ∏‘Ψ∧ΨŠ Ω⇐ΣΤZΚ<†Ωÿ ‚Ω" γ⇐…ƒ∫⌠≤ΤΣ⊆<√≅…
.[: )>(

] ≈
" -r~jSu - eyukd , TO DkG:R Selhk=f[
sdl!kigk'fjrluj ark<Ugk;, wj'kdxk; Qgkaj&[
SvG'lhk; fJG&uluk; LfkSelshl'[
sdl!kigjduj#. LigjH vjhG vjhG)[ ejÔkn
rHdk'flulHSelhk;. TYclL[- 88 -
3 - L#l|kijsRy ]dfIs\ L;zJdgj)k'

CkÓYed{fj t#lLmjadxksm |{pu\jhk; L#l|k
rjSÊej&jgj)k'k. Lf[ arÍjH cFlujuluj
rjhrjH)k'fkaldk'k, Tf[ ark<Ur[ Qgk
~kÓjakMrk>is/mkSÙlX Yedmaldkduk;
L#l|kijSh)[ am*kduk; sv$k'k. ark<UR
LisRy CkÓYed{fjsu alËjayj)k'
SpS|VdxjH rj'k;, c;Cu*xjH rj'k;
gÊs/MlH LisRy arÍjH Tf[
go@aohaldk'Sflm/;, LisRy :glPrujhk;,
L#l|kijsRy rla*xjhk;, ijSC<n*xjhk;,
YeiG\r*xjhk;, L#l|kijsr
]drl)k'Sflm/; YeilvdØlSglm/; Lu&
LisRy afijPjdsx LiR L;zJdgj)kduk;
sv$k'k.
ð♣†ΠςΤ⇒√≅… Ω≤ð≠ΩΤ⊇ Ψ,Πς√≅… ϑðΨ/≅… ð‹Ω≤π≠Ψ⊇ †& _ΤΤ⊃∼ΤΨ⇒Ωš Ξ⇑ÿΠΨŸ∏Ψ√ ð∠Ω–Ω ψΨ∈ςΚ†ΩΤ⊇ …
Ω≤ΩΤ‘{Κς… ΘΩ⇑Ψ∇ΗΤς√Ω 〉ψΘΨ∼ΤΩ⊆<√≅… Σ⇑ÿΠΨŸ√≅… ð∠Ψ√.ς′ ϑðΨ/

& ≅… γ⊂<∏ΩΨ√ ðÿΨŸ⌠Τ‰ΩZ ‚Ω" †& Ω∼Τς∏Ω∅
‚Ω"Ω Ω〈λς∏ϑð±√≅… Ν…Σ∧∼Ψ∈Κς…Ω ΣΣ⊆ΤΤΠςΤZ≅…Ω Ψ∼ς√ΜΞ… Ω⇐γκ‰∼Ψ⇒Σ∨ ! (30) Ω⇐Σ∧ς∏⊕ΩΤÿ ‚Ω" Ξ♣†Πς⇒√≅…
.[@ ) @S:%+ )1

] ≈ (31) Ω⇐κΨ{Ξ≤πΤ↑Σ∧<√≅… φ⇔Ψ∨ Ν…ΤΣ⇓Ρ∇ΩΤZ
" :dulH - cfU\jH - Srsg
rjhsdl=k'irlujM[ rjsRy akDs\ rJ
af\jSh)[ fjgj&[ rjG\kd. L#l|k ark<Usg
]sflgk YedUfjujH c{<[mj&jgj)k'kSil :
Yed{fjusYf Lf[, L#l|kijsRy
c{<[mjiUic[Fu[)[ ulsflgk alËikaj#. LfsYf
iYdfuj#l\ af;. esÊ ark<UgjhPjdik;
arÍjhl)k'j#. .. - rj*X - Li(Sh)[
fjgjÉiglujgj)kduk;,Lisr coÊj)kduk;,
rac[dlg; akySelsh rjG%|j)kdukl sv$kd.
rj*X ~|ksspilglPdgksm doM\jhluj
Seldgkf[. yo;. 30 - 31
& *;Z? & *;Q
j 6
i_ )x: w0O 5
5
" Y/" :
.>O5f !" j2_ %
9 YC )>T 2M 2j |+?$ / )*;9'
.[ r 6 ] "≈ †& Ω∼Τς∏Ω∅ ð♣†ΠςΤ⇒√≅… Ω≤ð≠ΩΤ⊇ Ψ,Πς√≅… ϑðΨ/≅… ð‹Ω≤π≠Ψ⊇ … &
r~j _ c - eyÉk. t#l c{<mjdxk;
wrj)k'f[ CkÓYed{fjSulsmuldk'k.. ejs'
LisRy alflejfl)xldk'k Lisr wopSrl,
ssYdc[fiSrl,Lz[rjulglPdSrl :)k'f[,
a{z*X Liuksm dkÉk*X)[ LffjsRy
Yed{f\jr[ fs' wØ; rHdk'f[Selsh .
]sf(jhk; a{zdkÉkiYdYed{fjsulsm wrj&k
iJqk'f[ rj*X d!jMkS!l ?
ejs' r~j - c- TO :uS\lfj. ‫)! ت ا‬
( "#$ ‫"ا' ! ا&س‬L#l|k ark<Usg
]sflgk YedUfjujH c{<[mj&jgj)k'kSil :
Yed{fjusYf Lf[." ~k|lgj .
g![
ah)kdxjhk= ijCIlc;.
1 -- rjG%vr;.
ah)kdxjhk= ijCIlc; ... L#l|kijsr
:glPj)kilR alYf; YedlC\lH c{<[mj)s/M
ah)kdX L#l|kijrk!'[ rl; p{@aluj
ijCIcj)kd. Qgj)hk; L#l|kijsr Pj)gj)lsf
LisRy dHerdX alYf; Lrkcgj)k'igldk'k
LiG. Qgk amjuk; domlsf glYfjujhk;, edhjhk;
Lisr ilq[\jsdl!jgj)k'k LiG, Ligksm
tÑ; L#l|kij'#lsf Lyjukduj#.
ssiijPUalu Swlhjdxk;, YeiG\jdxk;
]Hej)s/Migldk'k LiG.
≈ ... Ψ◊Ω|ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∧<√≅…Ω Ξ≤Ψ›‚"≅… Ψζ⌠ΤΩ∼<√≅…Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ω⇑Ω∨…ƒ∫ ⌠⇑Ω∨ ΘΩ⁄Ψι<√≅… ΘΩ⇑Ψ∇ΗΤς√Ω ... …
.[: )

]
t'lH L#l|kijhk; LÔ{pjr\jhk; ah)kdxjhk;
ijCIck)k'iG)ldk'k ekn{;,"
é LH ~Dy 177 ê
φκΩΤŠ 〉⊄ΘΞ≤Ω⊃ΣΤ⇓ ‚Ω" −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω −ΨΨ‰Σ,〉{Ω −ΨΨ,Ω|ΞΜ;ΗΤςΤ∏Ω∨Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ω⇑Ω∨…ƒ∫ ΘδΡ ... …
.[: )

] ≈ ... −&ΨΨ∏Σ♠ΘΣ⁄ ⇑ΨΘ∨ ξŸΩšςΚ…
éLfjsr \kmG'[ê cfUijCIlcjdxk; Lisg#l;
L=l|kijhk; LisRy ah)kdxjhk; LisRy
ijCIcj&jgj)k'k. " é LH ~Dy 285 -ê
wj~[gJH - L - sRy YeCc[Falu |pJcjH

T|[clR, Tc[hl;, ijCIlc; t'jisu eËj
Svlpj&S/lX r~j -c - eyÉk. LS/lX wj~[gJH
- L - eyÉk.
1
2 )*0 )*+/ )*+,-." ) !"#$ %& " :=(%'()=
".67 643 5 !"#$ %& )3
" ijCIlcsa'[ eyÉlH L#l|kijhk;
LisRy ah)kdxjhk; djfl~kdxjhk; pofØlgjhk;
Dp[yjhkak= Ky& ijCIlcaldk'k."
pJrjH ah)kdxjhk= ijCIlc\jrk=

c[Flrik;, ijPjuk;.
:y[ ijCIlc dlgU*xjH

g!laS\fldk'k ah)kdxjhk= ijCIlc;. Tf[
domlsf Qgk Lmjauksm ijCIlc; eoG\juldkduj#.
alrUØlglu ah)kdxjH ijCIcj)H

rjG^r[Paln'fjH akc[hJ*X ]Sdlej&jgj)k'k
:sg(jhk; ah)kdxj#'[ ijCIcj&lH LiR
LijCIcjuldk'k. LiR DkG:rk;, ck'\jrk;,
Tw[alT'k; tfjg[ YeiG\j&jgj)k'k.
Ξ≤Ψ›‚"≅… ΨζΩ∼<√≅…Ω −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω −ΨΨ‰Σ,Σ{Ω −ΨΨ,Ω|ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∨Ω ΨΠς∏√≅†ΨŠ ⌠≤Σ⊃<∇Ωÿ ⇑Ω∨Ω ... …
.[@A: )>9?

] ≈ (136) …[Ÿ∼Ψ⊕ΩΤŠ Ω=„ΗΤς∏Ω∂ ΘΩΤΩ∂ ŸΩ⊆ΩΤ⊇
L#l|kijhk; LisRy ah)kdxjhk;
LisRy Yzr[F*xjhk; LisRy pofØlgjhk;
fJG&uluk; LiG ~|kpog; ejq&kSelujgj)k'k é
coy\k 'jclL[ 136 ê
2- ah)kdxjH ijCIcjS)! goe;.
ah)kdxjH selfkiluk;, YeSfUdaluk;

ijCIcjS)!fldk'k.
selfkiluj ijCIcjS)!fjH KXsdl=k'

goe;.
1 -- ah)kdxk!'k;, LiG
L#l|kijsRy c{<[mjdxln'k;, Lisr
:glPj)kilR Si!j alYfaln[ L#l|k Lisg
c{<[mj&sf'k; ijCIcj)kd.LiG K!'k=f[
ulplGÒUaldk'k. Lisg dlnlR clPj)l\f[
LiG T#'k=fjr[ sfxji#. dlgn;
TOYeeÖ\jH tYfSul LfjcoÊ[aalu
c{<{mjdxln[ rak)[ vkËk;
dlns/ml\flujuk=f[ t'lH Li K!'k=f[
ulPlGÒUikaldk'ksi'[ rl; ijCIcj)k'k.
r~j - c - g![ YeliCU; wj~[gJH - L

- sr uplGÒgoe\jH dlnkduk!luj., vjh
cI|l~jdX vjh ah)kdsx ark<U goe\jH
dlnkduk!luj.
Tal; L|[ap[ fsRy akc[rpjH KÓgj)k'k.

]& " : =*?O o – Q
T9" ! 5O !O
."N_< 5 5 j?" ?f Y/ )?f -+ * *$
d Yf
" T~[rk ac[|op[ - y - eyuk'k r~j - c -
wj~[gJH - L - sr uplGÒgoe\jH
dlnkduk!luj LS`|\jr[ 600 vjydkdxk![,
QlSgl vjydkdxk; YeeÖ; akqkiR ihu;
svu[fjgj)k'k.
akc[hj; KÓgj)k'k wj~JgJH - L - sRy
YeCc[Falu |pJcjH c[Fjgs/Mjgj)k'k. wj~JgJH -
L - ark<U goe\jH dyk\ akmjuk;, ulYfuksm
ulsflgk Lmulxik; dlnl\ goe\jH si=
ic[Yf; Pgj&[ sdl![ YefUÊs/mkduk!luj ,
cI|l~jdxJH :gk; fs' LS`|s\
fjgj&yjÉfkaj#.
2 -- L#l|k LiG)[ rjC[vuj&jMk= c[Flr*xjH

rj'[ LisRy Lrkafj Yedlg; Ty*k'k. LiG
dHej)s/M L#l|kijsRy Lmjadxldk'k.
L#l|k Lisg ~|kalrj)kduk;, Ligksm
c[Flr; KuG\kduk;, LirjSh)mk/j)kduk;
svu[fjgj)k'k. LigjH YeilvdØlG)[ i|[u[
rHdkilrk;, aËk; ]Hej)s/Migk![, L#l|k
LiG)[ rHdjuf#lsf Q'k; LiG
Kmas/mk\k'j#, TSflm/; LiG)[ cIÔSal,
aËk=iGS)l Qgk KedlgSal KeYpiSal sv$lR
LiG)[ulsflgk dqjikaj#. :ufjrlH LiG)[
:glPruksm ulsflgk L;Cik; LG/j)kilR
elmj#. ssYdc[fiG wj~JgJH - L - r[ pjiUfI;
dHej&f[ Selsh LiG)[ ulsflgk pjiUfIik;
dHej)kilrk; elmj#.
φΣ∨Ω≤<∇ΘΣ∨ β †Ω‰Ψ∅ ΩŠ Ι&ΣΩ⇒ΗΤΩ™Τ‰Σ♠ …% _Ÿς√Ω Σ⇑ΗΤΩ∧šΘΩ≤√≅… ΩϒΩΠςΤZ≅… Ν…Ρ√†ΩΤ∈Ω …

] ≈ (27) φΡ∏Ω∧⊕ΩΤÿ −ΨΞ≤∨ςΚ†ΨŠ ¬Σ∑Ω ΨΩ⊆<√≅†ΨŠ ΙΣΩ⇓Σ⊆Ψ‰♥ΩΤÿ ‚Ω" (26)
.[ ) A:%+ )>2;<
" ega dlgknjdR cÔlrs\
cIJdgj&jgj)k'k t'iG eyÉk. LiR tYf
egjCkÓR t'lH LiG - ah)kdX - LisRy
:pgnJuglu plcØlG alYfaldk'k. LiG
Lisr ayjdm'k c;clgj)kduj#, LisRy
dHerurkcgj&[ alYf; LiG YeiG\j)k'k. -
LR~jul - 26-27-

] ≈ (6) Ω⇐Σ≤ΩΤ∨Σÿ †Ω∨ Ω⇐ΣΤ∏Ω⊕πΤ⊃ΩΤÿΩ ⌠¬Σ∑Ω≤Ω∨ςΚ… :†Ω∨ ϑðΩ/≅… Ω⇐Σ±⊕ΩΤÿ ‚Πς" ... …
.[A: )az+
L#l|k LiSglm[ dHej& dlgU\jH
LiSrlmiG LrkcgnS)m[ dlnj)kduj#.
LiSglm[ dHej)s/mk'f[ tÔk; LiG
YeiG\j)kduk; sv$k'k. - f|[gJ; -- 6
TOgoe\jH ah)kdsx eËj QlSgl akc[hj;

c[YfJuk;, ekgk<rk; LyjÉjgj)hk;, Lfjsr eËj
ijCIcj)hk;, eAj)hk; rjG^r[Paldk'k.
t'lH ijCpaluj ijCIcjS)! goe\jH

KXsdl=k' dlgU*xjH vjhf[.
1 -- ah)kdsx c{<[mj& ic[fk.

:p; cÔfjdsx aÑjH rj'k;, wj'kdsx
fJujH rj'k; c{<[mj&f[ Selsh ah)kdsx
YedlC\lhln[ L#l|k c{<[mj&f[. :p;
cÔfjdsx c{<[mj)k'fjr[ akSÙ Lisg
c{<[mj&jMk![.
Qgk |pJcjH TYedlg; i'jgj)k'k.
!" " !" %X N03 )
; !" ,-.k ^03" :5b d >f
.[ 809" 6 ] "8, 1QP N03 ) ;
:p; cÔfjdsx Lisg
ijSC<j/j)s/MfjH rj'k;, wj'kdsx fJujH
rj'k; c{<[mj&k. ah)kdsx YedlC\lhln[
c{<[mj&f[. akc[hj; -
2 --- ah)kdxksm tÑ;,
ah)kdxksm tÑ; L#l|kijr[ alYfSa

Üje[fal)kilR clPUaldkduk=k,, LYf)k;
LPjdak![ LiG., :dlC\[ QlSgl rlh[
ijghjsRy Tmujhk; QlSgl ah)kdX
rac[dgj)kdSul, ckwop[ sv$kdSul sv$k'
c[Fha#lsf T#, Lf[ Selsh ss~fkH
aL[aoyjSh)[ QlSgl pjicik; 70000 ah)kdX
YeSiCj)k'k, Qgj)H YeSiCj&iG ej'Jm[
Ligksm :PjdU; dlgn\lH Qgj)hk; LfjSh)[
am*k'j#. Liclr rlxjH rgds\ 70000
v*hdxlX sdl![igk'k, QlSgl v*huk; 70000
ah)kdxln[ sdl![igk'f[.
.[@: )e5k
] ≈ ....Ω& Σ∑ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ð∠ΨΘΤŠΩ⁄ Ω Σ⇒ΤΣ– 〉ψς∏Τ⊕Ωÿ †Ω∨Ω ... …
" rjsRy gÊjflijsRy sscrU*sx
Lir#lsf aËlgk; Lyjukduj#." - ak`F[FjG- 31-
|pJcjH i'jgj)k'k.
j2_ " )v$ %& NG >9 ^`&" : *;& 5b d >f
."g/ 5f h0" *2_ HU 15 g
"
H h0" & %
T 1
Y/ d *035" :
Tk ^2 !O
.[809" r 6 ] ."*2U %Q
T
%
T 1" Y/ g" )1" & %
T s v"
8?j #" :
.[ 809" 6 ] "h0" &
:dlC\[ QlSgl rlh[ ijghjsRy Tmujhk; QlSgl
ah)kdX rac[dgj)kdSul, ckwop[ sv$kdSul
sv$k' c[Fha#lsf T#, r~j - c - ss~fkH
a|[aoyjsr eËj eyÉk, QlSgl pjicik; 70000
ah)kdX YeSiCj)k'k, Qgj)H YeSiCj&iG
ej'Jm[ Qgj)hk; LfjSh)[ am*k'j#. ~k|lgj -
akc[hj; - r~j - c eyÉk ,Liclr rlxjH
rgds\ 70000 v*hdlX sdl![igk'k, QlSgl
v*hujhk; 70000 ah)kdxlnk=f[ --- akc[hj; .
TfjH rj'[ fs' rak)[ ah)kdxksm

tÑsegk/; iUd[faldk'k. Kpl|gnaluj TO
v*hihj)k' ah)kdsx fs' tÑkduln(jH
fs' ]dSpC; 4900000000 igk;, LS/lX aËk
ah)kdxksm tÑ; tYfigk; à Lisg
c{<[mj)kduk;, tÑjdn)l)kduk;,
ijrUcj)kduk; svu[fiR tYf egjCkÓR.
3 -- ah)kdxksm rla*X
ijCkÓ DkG:rjhk; fjgk ck'\jhk; Seg[

rHdj rak)[ egjvus/mk\j f'igjH
ijCIcj)H rjG^Óaldk'k. LigjH ]Ëik;
YePlrjdX ao'[ Segldk'k.
1 -- wj~[gJH . wj~[yluJH t'k; Segk![,

TS`|aln[ YeilvdØl)[ |{pu*xksm
wJijf\jr[ :iCUalu pjiUcSÕCikaluj
Ty*jigkilR dHej)s/M egjCkÓlf[alilu
ah)[.
2 -- aJdluJH, aJdlH t'k; Segk![. TS`|aln[

L#l|kijsRy Lrkafj Yedlg; aqiG<j/j&[
>oajsu wJij/j)k' aqsuc;~r[Pj&[ dHej)s/M
ah)[.
3 -- Tc[ylEJH LS`|aln[ coG t' dl|x\jH

KOflR dHej)s/M ah)[, TOShld\jsh
wJijf\jsRy egUliclrik;,
egShldwJijf\jsRy Yelg;>ik; LyJ&[
sdl!k=f[ . TO KO\[ akSDruln[ agj&[ Selu
t#l CgJg*X)k; wJiR rHdk'f[.
4 -- ah)kdxksm ijSC<n*X.
ah)kdxk!'k=f[ ulplGÒUaldk'k.
cI>liik;, ClgJgjdikalu ijSC<n*xlH
ijSC<j)s/M uplGÒ CgJg*xk;
LiG)k![.LiujH vjhf[,
1 - LiG ixsg ihjufk;, >Jaldlgikalu

CgJg*X)kmauldk'k. :dlC >oajdxjhk=
YeiG\r*X ]Ëmk)kilR Sulvj)k' goe\jH
ixsg Cd[fjSulsmuk;, dqjSilsmukak=
CgJgYed{fikalujMln[ L#l|k ah)kdsx
c{<[mj&f[.
2 -- LiG)[ vjydkdxk![, L#l|k g!k;, ao'k;,

rlhk; vjydkdxk=iglujMln[ Lisg
c{<[mj&jMk=f[, vjhS/lX Lfjhk; domkfH
rHdk'fln[.
" r~j - c - wj~[gJH - L - sr

uplGÒgoe\jH dlnkduk!luj LS`|\jr[ 600
vjydkdxk![, QlSgl vjydkdxk; YeeÖ; akqkiR
ihu; svu[fjgj)k'k.
„Σ♠Σ⁄ Ψ◊ς∇ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∧<√≅… ΞΨ∅†Ω– Ξ≥⁄Κς‚≅…Ω γ‹Ω.ΗΤΩ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… Ξ≤Ψ≡†ΩΤ⊇ ΨΠς∏Ψ√ ΣŸ∧Ω™<√≅… …
≈ ... ∫Σ& :†Ω↑ΩΤÿ †Ω∨ Ξ⊂<∏Ω<√≅… ℑ ΣŸÿΞ∞ΩΤÿ Ω⊗

& ΗΤΩΤŠΣ⁄Ω ð³ΗΤςΤ∏Ρ’Ω υΩΤπ⇒‘ΩΘ∨ ξ◊Ω™Ψ⇒–ςΚ… ⌡ΨΤ√ΟΚΡ…
.[: )`_

]
:dlC*xk;, >oajuk; c{<[mj&k!l)juirk;
g!k;, ao'k;, rlhk; vjydkdxk= ah)kdsx
pofØlgluj rjSulzj&irkalu L#l|kijr[ c[fkfj.
c{<[mjujH flR KS`Cj)k'f[ LiR
LPjdal)k'k.
- ElfIjG- 1
3 -- LiG)[ >Ên elrJu\jsRy :iCUaj#.

ijil|; dqj)lsf, cÔlr*xkHelpj/j)lsf ,
>Ên elrJu*X)liCUaj#l\goe\jhln#l|k
Lisg c{<[mj&f[.
4 -- ah)kdX |{pu*xk= ~kÓjalØlgldk'k.

LiG L#l|kijSrlmk;, L#l|k LiSglmk;,
c;clgj)k'igldk'k, :p; -L- K;, aËk
YeilvdØlgk; LiSglm[ c;clgj&jMk![.
5 -- Ligksm uplGÒgoes\ domlsf aËk

goe\jhk; goelÔgs/mkilR clPj)k;, ark<UgjH
ekgk<Ølgksm goe\jH goelÔgs/mkilR L#l|k
LiG)[ dqji[ rHdjujgj)k'k. Tf[ ah)kdX
L#l|kijsRy seNa)xln'[ ilpj)k'iG)[
aykemjuldk'k.
LiG ixsg co<[aalu goe\jhldk'k

ark<Ugoe\jSh)[ goelÔgs/mk'f[, :ufjrlH
Lisg seM'[ fjgj&yjukilR clPUa#.
LiGgoelÔgs/mk'fjsRy goe; t*jsruln'[
rak)yjuj#.
6 -- ah)kdX agj)k'igldk'k. ah)kH aO\[

Lm); t#l ah)kdxk; LiclrrlxjH
agj)k'igldk'k. ejs' L#l|k Lisg ]Hej&
YeiG\r*xkaluj LiclrrlxjH
KuGs\q[S'H)k'igldk'k.
7 -- ah)kdxksm :glPr . ah)kdX

L#l|kijsr :glPj)k'igldk'k, LiujH
seMfldk'k, rac[dlg;, YelGÒr, fc[~J|[,
ykdo|[, ckwop[, >u; Semj, Scr|; t'ji.
Ligksm :glPrdxksm goe;.
1 - ÊJn; domlsf fkmG&uluj rjfUaluj

:glPj)k'k.
2 - L#l|kijr[ alYf; rj<[dx(al)j sv$k'k.
3 - LiG eleckgÊjfglufjrlH sfËkdkË*xjH

rj'k; QqjÉ[ rj'[,L#l|kijsr Lrkcgj)k'fjH
rjfUaldk'k.
4 - :glPruksm :PjdUak!lujMkdomj
L#l|kijSrlmiG ijrulrIjfgldk'k.
)>;<
] ≈ (20) Ω⇐Σ≤ΣΤ,Τ<⊃ΩΤÿ ‚Ω" Ω⁄†ΩΘΩΤ⇒√≅…Ω ΩΤΤ∼Πς√≅… Ω⇐Σ™ΘΨΤ‰Ω♥ΣΤÿ …
.[S:
" LiG glik; edhk; - L#l|kijsRy
egjCkÓjsu - YedJG\j&[sdl!jgj)k'k. LiG
fxgkduj#."
LR~jul - 20
5 - ah)kdxksm YeiG\r*X.
L#l|k LigjH ]Hej& SwlhjdX

sv$k'igldk'k.
LfjH seMfldk'k...
1 -- cj;|lcr; i|j)H.
2 -- YeilvdØlG)[ pjiUcSÕC; t\j)kilR

dHej)s/Migk![ ah)kdxjH.
3 -- cIGÏ, rgd*sx coÊj)kd.
4 -- ccUhflfjdX, aq,SaZ; t'jiuksm

vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k.
5 -- eG%f*xksm vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k.
6 -- coG t' dl|x\jH KOfkilR

7 -- :p; cÔfjdxksm YeiG\r*X

SgDs/mk\kilR vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k.
8 -- :p; cÔfjdsx c;gÊj)kilR
vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k. t'lH L#l|k
tÔ(jhk; sv$lR fJgkalrj&lH LiG Lfjsr
ijmkduk; L#l|kijsRy ijPj rm)kduk;
sv$k'k.
9 -- ark<UØlgksm dosm domkilrk; Lisg

rØujSh)[ Ênj)kilrk;
10 -- zG>c[F CjCkijsRy dlgU\jhk;, ark<UgjH

:f[ali[ KOfkilrk;, LisRy wJijf ij>iik;,
LiR pOG>lzUilrlSnl, cO>lzUilrlSnlsu'k;
SgDs/mk\kilrk; vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k.
11 -- agn SixujH :p; cÔfjdxksm

:f[alijsr ejmj)kilR
12 -- D~ylxjdSxlm[ SvlpU; Svlpj)kilrk;,

LfjSrlmrk~r[Pj&k= stCIgU\jsRyuk;,
cjÊuksmuk; vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k.
13 -- r~j - c - )[ fsRy cakplu\jsRy chl;

t\j)kilR vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k.
:ufjrlH r~j - c - )[ chlak;, cIhl\k;
sv#kilR Si!j d&sdMj ekys/Sm!fj#. dlgn;
tijsm rj'[ chlak;, cIhl\k; sv#julhk; Lf[
t\j)kilR vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'
ah)kdX Lf[ t\j&[ sdlmk)k;. t'lH
ac[wjpk'~ijujSh)[ ulYf ekys/mk'f[ Lijsm
rac[dgj)kilR Si!juldk'k.
LiG)[ Qgkelm[ vkafhdxk![, LiujH
YePlrs/Mfldk'k Tf[.
Tfjrk= sfxjikdX .
⌠¬ΞΘΨΤŠΩ⁄ ΨŸ∧Ω™ΨŠ Ω⇐Σ™ΘΨ‰Ω♥ΣΤÿ ΙΣς√Ωš ⌠⇑Ω∨Ω ð↔⌠≤Ω⊕<√≅… Ω⇐ΣΤ∏Ψ∧µðš Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… …
.[: )_

] ≈ ... Ν…Σ⇒Ω∨…ƒ∫ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς∏Ψ√ Ω⇐Σ≤Ψ⊃πΤ⊕Ω,πΤ♥ΩΤÿΩ −ΨΨŠ Ω⇐Σ⇒Ψπ∨ΣÿΩ
" cj;|lcr; i|j)k'igk; LfjsRy
vkËjhk=igk; - ah)kdX - f*xksm gÊjflijsr
c[fkfj)k'Sflm/; dJG\r; rm\kduk; LirjH
ijCIcj)kduk; ijCIcj&iG)[ Si!j - TYedlg;-
ele Salvr; Sfmkduk; sv$k'k. , |lEjG - 7.
... ϑðΨ/≅… Ξ⇐<′ΞΜ†ΤΤΨŠ ð∠Ψ‰<∏Τς∈ υς∏Ω∅ ΙΣς√ΘΩ∞ΩΤ⇓ ΙΣΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ†ΩΤ⊇ ΩÿΞπ⁄ιΨ•ΠΞ√ …Θ⊥ΣŸΩ∅ Ω⇐†ς ⇑Ω∨ Σ∈ …
.[: )

] ≈
" " -r~jsu - eyukd. -DkG:R t\j&k fgk' -
wj~[gJH t' ah)jSrlmln[ :Gs)(jhk;
CYfkfsu(jH LS`|af[ rjsRy arÍjH
Lifgj/j&f[ L#l|kijsRy K\girkcgj&[
alYfaln[. LH ~Dy - 97
Σ◊ς∇ΞΜ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∧<√≅…Ω γ‹⌠ΤΩ∧<√≅… γ‹.Ω≤Ω∧ΩΤ∅ ℑ φΣ∧Ψ∏ΗΤϑðℵ≠√≅… Ψ′ΞΜ… ϖυΩ≤ΤΩΤZ ⌠Τς√Ω ... …
.[@: )1T;<

] ≈ ...¬
Σ∃ Σ|Ω♥Σ⊃⇓Κς… Νϖ…ΤΣ–Ξ≤<ςΚ… ψΞÿΨŸΤÿΚς… Νϖ…〉≠Ψ♠†ΩΤŠ
" : LYdajdX agn siYelx\jhlujgj)k'
g;z; rJ d!jgk'ksi(jH rj*X rj*xksm
:f[al)sx eky\jy)kijR t'k eyÉk sdl![
ah)kdX Ligksm Srsg ssddX
rJMjsdl!jgj)k'k.-- LR:;- 93
ark<UG)[ ah)kdSxlmk=
dmadX
1 -- LigjH ijCIcj)kd.
2 -- Lisg Scr|j)kd, ~|kalrj)kd, Ligksm

SYC<[mfdX eyukd.
3 -- Lisg dxjul)kdSul, vJ\eyukdSul,

Lisg sdl&l)jdlnj)lfjgj)kduk; sv$kd.
4 -- ah)kdX siyk)k'fjH rj'k; ijM[rjH)kd,

dlgn; :p; cÔfjdX ~kÓjakMrj>ij)k'f[
sdl![ Ligk; ~kÓjakMrj>ij)k'k.
ah)kdxjhk= ijCIlc\jsRy
Eh*X .
1 - ijCIlc; c[FjgJdgj)k'k. dlgn; LigjH

ijCIlcj&j#(jH ijCIlc; Cgjuldkduj#.
2 - ijvjYfik;, ijCj<[mikalu ah)kdxjH

ijCIlcj&lH Lisg c{<[mj& a|lrk;,
K'frkalu c{<[mlijsRy dqjik;,LPjdlgik;
arÍjhl)kilR clPj)k'k. c{<[mjdxksm
a|fI*X c{<[mlijsRy a|fIs\uln[
covj/j)k'f[.
3 - Ligksm SwlhjSuuk;, Lic[FSuuk;,

ijSC<n*sxuk; eËj arÍjhl)ju Qgk
ijCIlcjuksm arÍjH ijCIlc; iGÓj)k'k.
4 - L#l|kijr[ ah)kdxk!'[ ijCIcj&lH
Li'[ arClÔjuk;, rjG>ufIik; rHdk'k.
5 - ijCIlcjdX)[ Ligksm eleSalvrik;,

Scr|ik;, egjeoGngoe\jH h>j)k'k.
6 - sfËkdsxuk;, eles\uk; siyk)k'k.
7 - Lisg egjznj&fjsRy SegjH L#l|k Lir[

rÕj sv$k'k. Ligksm rØdX)[ Si!
ah)kdxksm c;gÊnik;, Ligksm YeiG\r*X
SgDs/mk\k'f[ Selhk= YeiG\r*xjH
vkafhSuHej)s/Mjgj)k'k Tigjsh vjh
ah)kdX.
ao'[
Sip Yzr[F*xjhk= ijCIlc;
ijCIlc dlgU*xjH ao'laS\fldk'k

L#l|k YeilvdØlG)[ Ty)jsdlmk\ Sip
Yzr[F*xjH ijCIcj)H T| eg ijwu\jr[
Si!j iUd[falu p{<[mlÔik;, Sip
Yzr[Fikalujuln[ L#l|k YeilvdØlsg
Lu&jMk=f[, Lf[Selsh iUd[falu
cØlGÏ\jhosm Lisg ruj)kilrk;,
LiG)jmujsh >j'j/[ fJG/[ dHej)kilrk;
Si!juln[.
Ω⇐…ΩƒκΨ∧<√≅…Ω ðˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ∇<√≅… 〉ψΣΩ⊕Ω∨ †Ω⇒<√Ω∞⇓Κς…Ω γŒΗΤΩΤ⇒ΘΞ∼Ω‰<√≅†ΨŠ †ΩΤ⇒ς∏Σ♠Σ⁄ †ΩΤ⇒<∏Ω♠⁄ςΚ… ŸΤΩ⊆ς√ …
.[: )55b

] ≈ ... ÷
Ψ∃ ♥Ψ⊆<√≅†ΨŠ 〉♣†Πς⇒√≅… Ω⋅Σ⊆Ω∼Ψ√
"fJG&uluk; rl; r+ksm pofØlsg
iUd[fialu p{<[mlÔ*xk;sdl![
Lu)kduk!luj.
wr*X rJfjeoG%; rjhsdl=kilR Si!j
LiSglm/; rl; SipYzr[Fik;, fkhlÍk;
Ty)jsdlmk)kduk; svu[fk. |pJp[ -- 25
Ω⇑ÿΨ⁄Ψϒ⇒Σ∨Ω φ⇔ΤÿΞ≤ΤΠΨ↑Ω‰Σ∨ Ω⇑ΓΤΤΘΞ∼Ψ‰Πς⇒√≅… ϑðΣ/≅… ð³Ω⊕Ω‰ΩΤ⊇ ⊥〈ΩŸΨš.Ω ⊥◊ΘΩΤ∨ΡΚ… Σ♣†Πς⇒√≅… Ω⇐†ς …
Ψ& ∼Ψ⊇ Ν…Σ⊃ς∏ΩΤ,Τ≅… †Ω∧∼Ψ⊇ γ♣†Πς⇒√≅… Ω⇐κΩΤŠ Ω¬Ρ∇™Ω∼Ψ√ ΘΞ⊂Ω™<√≅†ΨŠ ðˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ∇<√≅… Σ¬ΣΩ⊕Ω∨ ςΩ∞⇓Κς…Ω
.[@: )

] ≈
" ark<UR QsgËcakplualujgk'k. LrÔg; -
LiG >j'j&S/lX ijCIlcjdX)[ -
cSÔl<ilG\LyJ)kilrk;, -rjS<PjdX)[ -
fl)Jf[ rHdkilrkaluj L#l|k YeilvdØlsg
rjSulzj&k. LiG - wr*X _ >j'j& ij<u\jH
fJG/[ dh[ej)kilrluj Ligksm dosm cfUSipik;
LiR Lu&[sdlmk\k. - LH~Dy - 213-
1 -- Sip Yzr[F*xjhk= ijCIlc

c[FjgJdgn;.
L#l|kij'[ fsRy
YeilvdØlG)jy)jsdlmk\ Sip Yzr[F*xk!'[
p{@aluj ijCIcj)kd. Lf[ L#l|kijsRy
dhlaldk'ksi'k;, Lf[ cØlGÏik;
YedlCikaln'k;, LfkXsdl=k'f[ ulplGÒUik;,
rJfjuk;, cfUikaln'k;, Lfjsr ejReËhk;,
Lfrkcgj&[ YeiG\j)H rjG^r[Paln'k;,
LfjsRy iUd[falu tÑ; L#l|kijr[ alYfSa
Lyjukduk=ksi'k; ijCIcj)kd.
.[A: )>9?
] ≈ (164) †_∧∼Ψ∏|ΩΤZ υΩ♠Σ∨ ϑðΣ/≅… Ω¬Πς∏Ω{Ω... …
"aocSulm[ L#l|k SrgjM[ c;clgj)kduk;
svu[fk. " rjclL[- 164-
ϑðΨ/≅… Ω¬ΗΤς∏ς Ω⊗Ω∧♥ΩΤÿ υΠς,Ωš Σ⌠≤Ξ–Κς†ΩΤ⊇ ð∉Ω⁄†Ω•ΩΤ,♠≅… Ω⇐κΨΞ≤πΤ↑Σ∧<√≅… Ω⇑ΨΘ∨ βŸΩΤšςΚ… ⌠⇐ΜΞ…Ω …
.[A: )
+
] ≈ ...
"~|ksspiijCIlcjdX i#irk; rjsRy
Lmk)H L>u; Sfmji'lH L#l|kij
sRy ivr; SdM[ Yz|j)lR Si!j Li'[ L>u;
rHdkd. -- fO~- 6
2 - Sip Yzr[F*xjhk= ijCIlc\jsRy
ijPj.
YeilvdØlG)jy)seM t#l Sip

Yzr[F*xjhk; ijCIcj)H rjG^r[Paldk'k.
dlgn; L#l|k ixsg iUd[faluj Lfjsr eËj
c;clgj&jgj)k'k. Lf[ Ty)s/Mfln[ esÊ
cU<[mju#. :sg(jhk; Lfjsr rjS<Pj&lH ,
Lf#(jH Lfjsh vjhfjsr rjS<Pj&lH LiR
dlEjyluj.
ΩΘΩ∞ΩΤ⇓ ΨϒΠς√≅… γˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ∇<√≅…Ω −ΨΨ√Σ♠Ω⁄Ω γϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ν…Σ⇒Ψ∨…ƒ∫ Νϖ…ΤΣ⇒Ω∨…ƒ∫ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… †ΩΘΣΤÿΚς†Η;ΤΤΩÿ …
ΨΠς∏√≅†ΨŠ ⌠≤Σ⊃<∇Ωÿ ⇑Ω∨Ω Σ

& ‰ΩΤ∈ ⇑Ψ∨ ΩΩ∞⇓Κς… ϖΨϒΠς√≅… γˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ|<√≅…Ω −ΨΨ√Σ♠Ω⁄ υς∏Ω∅
Ω=„ΗΤς∏Ω∂ ΘΩΤΩ∂ ŸΩ⊆ΩΤ⊇ Ξ≤Ψ›‚"≅… ΨζΩ∼<√≅…Ω −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω −ΨΨ‰Σ,Σ{Ω −ΨΨ,Ω|ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∨Ω
.[@A: )>9?

] ≈ (136) …[Ÿ∼Ψ⊕ΩΤŠ
cfU ijCIlcjdsx, L#l|kijhk; ,
LisRy pofrjhk;, LisRy pof'[ Lifgj/j&
Sip Yzr[P\jhk;,LiR akÙ[
Lifgj/j&Yzr[F\jhk;,rj*X ijCIcj)kijR.
L#l|kijhk; LisRy ah)odxjhk; LisRy
Yzr[F*xjhk; LisRy pofØlgjhk;
fJG&uluk; LiG ~|kpog; ejq&kSelujgj)k'k
é coy\k 'jclL[ 136 ê
Ω⇐Σ∧Ωš⌠≤ΤΣΤZ ⌠¬Ρ∇Πς∏Ω⊕ς√ Ν…Σ⊆ΠςΤZ≅…Ω ΣΣ⊕Ψ‰ΠςΤZ≅†ΤΩΤ⊇ β∉Ω⁄†Ω‰Σ∨ ΣΗΤΩΤ⇒<√Ω∞⇓ςΚ… }ˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ …ΩϒΩΗΤ∑Ω …
.[: )1T;<

] ≈ (155)
" TfldsM rl; Lifgj/j& rØrjyÉYzr[FasYf.
Lfjsr rj*X ejReËkduk;, coÊ[af
elhj)kduk; sv$kd. rj*X)[ dlgknU;
h>jS&)l;. -" LR:;.-- 155 .
3 -- ark<Udkh\jr[ Sip Yzr[F*xksm

:iCUik;, Lfjy)jufjhk= ffIik;
1 - YeilvdØlG)ifgj/j& Sip
Yzr[F*xjSh)ldk'k cakplu; amS*!fk;, af
dlgU*X arÍjhl)kilR L>u; SfSm!fk;.
2 -- cakplu; >j'j)k' dlgU*xjH

rJfjegaluj fJG/[ dHej)kilR Si!j.
3 -- r+ksm r~j - c - rS+ ]Hej&

YeS~lPr; T'[ rl; rm\k'f[ Selsh
YeilvdØlgksm agn SC<; afs\
c;gÊj)kilR Si!j.
4 -- L#l|kijr[ fsRy Lmjadxksm Sahk=

sfxjildk'k Sip Yzr[F*X, Lfjr[ ijegJf;
YeiG\j)kdSul, ijM[ dm)kilSrl elmj#.
Ω⇑ÿΨ⁄Ψϒ⇒Σ∨Ω φ⇔ΤÿΞ≤ΤΠΨ↑Ω‰Σ∨ Ω⇑ΓΤΤΘΞ∼Ψ‰Πς⇒√≅… ϑðΣ/≅… ð³Ω⊕Ω‰ΩΤ⊇ ⊥〈ΩŸΨš.Ω ⊥◊ΘΩΤ∨ΡΚ… Σ♣†Πς⇒√≅… Ω⇐†ς …
Ψ& ∼Ψ⊇ Ν…Σ⊃ς∏ΩΤ,Τ≅… †Ω∧∼Ψ⊇ γ♣†Πς⇒√≅… Ω⇐κΩΤŠ Ω¬Ρ∇™Ω∼Ψ√ ΘΞ⊂Ω™<√≅†ΨŠ ðˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ∇<√≅… Σ¬ΣΩ⊕Ω∨ ςΩ∞⇓Κς…Ω
@: )

] ≈ ...
" ark<UR QsgËcakplualujgk'k. LrÔg; -
LiG >j'j&S/lX ijCIlcjdX)[ -
cSÔl<ilG\LyJ)kilrk;, -rjS<PjdX)[ -
fl)Jf[ rHdkilrkaluj L#l|k YeilvdØlsg
rjSulzj&k. LiG - wr*X _ >j'j& ij<u\jH
fJG/[ dh[ej)kilrluj Ligksm dosm cfUSipik;
LiR Lu&[sdlmk\k. - LH~Dy - 213-
4 -- Sip Yzr[F*xjsh ijCIlc\jsRy goe;.
Sip Yzr[F*xjH selfkiluk;, YeSfUdaluk;

ijCIcjS)!fldk'k.
selfkiluj ijCIcjS)! goe;.
L#l|k fsRy YeilvdØlG)[ Sip Yzr[F;

Ty)j sdlmk\jMk!'[ ijCIcj)kd.
t'lH ijCpaluj ijCIcjS)! goe;.

L#l|k ijCkÓDkG:rjH Sesgmk\[ eyÉ
Sip Yzr[F\jH ijCIcj)kd, LfjH seMfln[
ijCkÓDkG:R, fOyl\[, TÖJH , c~oG, aoc -
L -, TOc - L - 'k; Ty)jsdlmk\ ]mkdX,
Tf[ domlsf L#l|k YeilvdØlG)jy)seM aËk
Sip Yzr[F*xk!'k;, TfjsRy Segkdxk;, tÑik;
Lfjy)ju a|lrk;, cfkfUG|rkalui'[ alYfSa
Lyjukduk=k.
TO SipYzr[F*sx#l; fs' L#l|kijsRy

]dfIik;, Lir#lsf :glPr)G|rj#'k;
,cHdG+*X YeiG\j)kdsu'fk;
c[FjgJdgj)kdsu'Sflm/;, CjG)jH rj'k;,
~jp[L\jH rj'k;, fjØujH rj'k;,>oajujH
dkq/ak!l)k'fjH rj'k;, ijM[ rjH)kilrk;,
dHej)k'k. Lf[ Selsh t#l YeilvdØlgksmuk;
YeS~lPr\jsRy dlfH Q'[ fs'ulujgk'k ,
Ligksm CgJL\jhk;,ijPjdxjhk;
iUfUlcak!(jhk;.
Sip Yzr[F*xjsh ijCIlc; Lf[ akRdqjÉ
YeilvdØlG)jy)jufln'[ cFjgJdgj)k'k,
ijCkÓDkG:rjhk= ijCIlc; Lfjsr
cFjgJdgj)k'Sflm/; Lfjsr ejReËkduk;
sv$k'k
Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ω⇑Ω∨…ƒ∫ ΘδΡ Ω⇐
& Σ⇒Ψ∨Σ∧<√≅…Ω −ΨΨΘΤŠΘΩ⁄ ⇑Ψ∨ Ψ∼ς√ΜΞ… ΩΞ∞⇓ΚΡ… :†Ω∧ΨŠ ΣΣ♠ΘΩ≤√≅… Ω⇑Ω∨…ƒ∫ …
.[: )

] ≈ ... −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω −ΨΨ‰Σ,〉{Ω −ΨΨ,Ω|ΞΜ;ΗΤςΤ∏Ω∨Ω
éLfjsr \kmG'[ê cf{ijCIlcjdxk; Lisg#l;
L#l|kijhk; LisRy ah)kdxjhk; LisRy
ijCIcj&jgj)k'k. " é LH ~Dy 285 -
∫ƒ% :†ΩΤ∼Ψ√ςΚ… ,−ΨΤΤΨ⇓Σ ⇑Ψ∨ Ν…Σ⊕Ψ‰Πς,ΤΩΤZ ‚Ω"Ω ψΡ∇ΤΘΨΤŠΘΩ⁄ ⇑ΨΘ∨ ¬Ρ∇∼ς√ΜΞ… ΩΞ∞⇓ΚΡ… :†Ω∨ Ν…Σ⊕Ξ‰ΠςΤZ≅… …
.[@: )RO<

] ≈ ...
" rj*xksm gÊjflij(H rj' rj*X)luj
Lifgj)seMf[ rj*X ejReËkd, Lir[ ekySa
aËk gÊlPjdlgjdsx rj*X ejReËgkf[. LL[ylE[
- 3
ijCkÓDkG:rj'[ aËk akRdqjÉ

SipYzr[F*sx LSeÊj&k= YeSfUdfdxjH
vjhf[.
1 -- TfjsRy
ep*xk;,:Cu*xk;Lalrk<jdfuk=fk;, LfjH
YeleÖjdik;, iJwÉlr egikalu
ulPlGÒU*xkam*jujMk![.
2 -- Tf[ SipYzr[F*xjsh
LiclrS\fldk'k. gjclh\[ r+ksm ak|+p[
r~j - c - ujhosm eoG\Jdgj&f[Selsh sspijd
Yzr[Fik; ijCkÓDkG:rjhosm eoG\Jdgj&jgj)k'k.
3 -- aËk SipYzr[F*xjH alËfjgk\hkdX

i'f[ Selsh ijCkÓDkG:rjH ulsflgk
alËfjgk\hkdxk; igl\ goe\jH L#l|k
c;gÊj&jgj)kk'k.
4 - Lf[ akRdqjÉ SipYzr[F*sx

cfUs/mk\k'fk;, Lisu dl\k
c;gÊj)k'fkaldk'k.
5 -- akRdqjÉ t#l SipYzr[F*sxuk; Lf[

pkG>hs/mk\jujgj)k'k.
ΨΤÿΩŸΩÿ Ω⇐κΤΩŠ ΨϒΠς√≅… Ω⊂ÿΨŸπ±ΩΤZ ⇑Ψ|ΗΤς√Ω υΩ≤Ω,πΤ⊃Σÿ †_ΤΤ‘ÿΨŸΩš Ω⇐†ς †Ω∨ …
≈ ... (11 ) Ω⇐Σ⇒Ψ∨ΣΤÿ ξζΩ⊆ΠΨ√ ⊥◊Ω∧ΤšΩ⁄Ω _ŸΤΤΣ∑Ω ξ∫⌠Ω→ ΘΞΣ{ Ω∼Ψ±πΤ⊃ΩZΩ
.[: )

]
" Lf[ sdMjuk!l)lik' Qgk iG\alra#.
YefUkf LffjsRy akÙk=fjsr - Sip*sx -
Cgjsi)k'fk;, t#l dlgUs\uk; c;~r[Pj&k=
Qgk ijCpJdgnik; ijCIcj)k' wr*X)[
alGzpGCrik; dlgknUikaldk'k. -- uockE[ 111
5 -- akRdqjÉ SipYzr[F*xjH
eyus/M dlgU*X
cIJdgj)H.
L#l|k YeilvdØlG)[ pjiU cSÕC;
rHdjufluj : SipYzr[F*xjH i'
dlgU*sx#l; ulPlGÒU ik; cfUikaldk'k,.
LfjH ulsflgk c;Cuikaj#.
t'lH T'[ L|[h[

djfl~kdlgksmumk\k= SipYzr[F\jH
ijCIcj)kilR Qgk rjg%l|ikaj#. dlgn; LfjH
Qgkelm[ alËfjgk\H i'jMk![ :ufjrlH
Lisul'k; fs' Lifgj/j& goe\jH
rjhrjHdk'j#.
: SipYzr[F*xjhosm L#l|k rs+ ixsg

iUd[faluj LyJ& dlgUaldk'k Qglxk; fs'
asËlglxksm ele >lg; i|j)kduj#'k;, Qgk
ark<Urk; fs' LiR YeiG\j&f#lsf
h>j)kduj#'k;, LisRy t#l YeiG\r*xk;
LisRy SaH YepGCj/j)s/Mfjr[ SC<;
egjeoGnaluj YefjEh; rHdksa'k=fk;.
(37) υϖΠς⊇Ω ΨϒΠς√≅… ðψ∼Ψ∑.Ω≤ΤŠΞΜ…Ω (36) υΩ♠Σ∨ Ψ∪Σ™Σ″ ℑ †Ω∧ΨΤŠ Κ<†ΘΩΤ‰ΩΤ⇒ΣΤÿ ⌠¬ς√ ⌠⋅Κς… …
υΩ⊕Ω♠ †Ω∨ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… Ξ⇑ΗΤΩ♥Τ⇓γπ„Ψ√ ð♦⌠Τ∼Πς√ ⇐Κς…Ω (38) υΩ≤πΤΤΚΡ… Ω⁄ƒΞ β〈Ω⁄Ξƒ…Ω Σ⁄Ξ∞ΩΤZ ‚Πς"Κς…
≈ (41) υΩΤ⊇ςΚ‚≅… ∫
ƒ:…Ω∞Ω•<√≅… ΣΗΤΩ∞µ〉– ΘΩ¬Ρ’ (40) υΩ≤ΣΤÿ ð∩⌠ΤΩ♠ ΙΣΩΤ∼⊕ΤΩ♠ ΘΩ⇐Κς…Ω (39)
.[=@A:m )8?
]
"Lf#, aocuksmuk; _ dmadX -
rjySiËju T~[yl|jajsRyuk; eYfjddxjH
K=fjsr eËj Lir[ iJig; Lyjuj)s/MjMjS#? .
Lfluf[ ele>lg; i|j)k' Qglxk; asËlglxksm
ele >lg; i|j)kduj#'k;, ark<Ur[ LiR
YeiG\j&f#lsf asËl'kaj#'k;, LisRy t#l
YeiG\r*xk; LisRy SaH YepGCj/j)s/mk;
t'kak= dlgU;. ej'Jmfjr[ Li'[ egjeoGnaluj
YefjEh; rHds/mk'fln'k;. -- rw[a[ -- 36 --41
ϑðΜΞ… (17) υϖΩ⊆ΤŠςΚ…Ω β⁄κΩ Σ〈Ω≤Ψ›‚"≅…Ω (16) †ΩΤπ∼⇓ϑ〉Ÿ√≅… Ω〈λΩ∼Ω™<√≅… Ω⇐Σ≤ΨΤπ’ΣΤZ ΩΤŠ …
≈ (19) υΩ♠Σ∨Ω Ω¬∼ΤΨ∑.Ω≤ΤŠΞΜ… Ψ∪Σ™Σ″ (18) υς√ΡΚ‚≅… Ψ∪Σ™ϑ〉±√≅… Ψ⊃ς√ …ΩϒΗΤΩ∑
.[=A:m )w0O<
]
" eSÊ rj*X st|jd wJijf\jr[ domkfH
YelPrU; rHdk'k.egShldaldk'k ]Ëik;
K\aik;, rjhrjHdk'fk;. fJG&uluk; Tf[
:pUs\]mkdxjH fs'uk![. Lfluf[
T~[yl|jajsRyuk;, aocluksmuk; ]mkdxjH.
LL[hl .. 16 --19 -
t'lH Liujsh ijPjdX .

akR dqjÉSipYzr[F*xjH rj'[
iUfUcFaluj ijCkÓDkG:rjhk= ijPjdsx
sdl![ L#l|kijsr :glPj)H rjG^r[Paldk'k.
akRdqjÉ SipYzr[F*xjsh ijPjdX
ijCkÓDkG:rjsh ijPjdSxlm[ tfjglulH Lf[
cIJdgj)kilR elmj#. Lf[ LulplGÒUaluf[
sdl!#- Lf[ :dlhZM\jH ulplGÒUalujgk'k
- ayj&[ r+ksm CgJ|\[ : rjua*sxu#l; fs'
pkG>hs/mk\jujgj)k'k. Trj r+ksm CgJ|\jSrlm[
Sulvj& Liujsh rjua*X cfUik;,
ulplGÒUikaldk'k.
ijCkÓDkG:rk;,fjgk ck'\k;, covj/j&

SipYzr[F*X.
1- ijCkÓDkG:R
Tf[ LÔUYeilvdR ak|+p[ r~j - c -)[
Ty)ju L#l|kijsRy dhlaldk'k. Tf[
Liclr SipYzr[Faldk'k. ulsflgk
alËfjgk\hkdxk; igl\ goe\jH L#l|k
LfjsRy c;gÊn; ]sËmk\jgj)k'k. akRdqjÉ
t#l SipYzr[F*sxuk; Tf[
)b
] ≈ (9) Ω⇐Ρℵ≠Ψ⊃ΗΤΤΩ™ς√ ΙΣΩΤ√ †ΠςΤ⇓ΜΞ…Ω Ω≤Τ{ΠΨϒ√≅… †ΩΤ⇒<√ΘΩ∞ΩΤ⇓ Σ⇑™Ω⇓ †ΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ… …
.[:
" fJG&uluk;, rlaln[ : KHS>lPr;
Lifgj/j&f[, fJG&uluk; rl; Lfjsr dl\k
coÊj)k'fkaln[. -|jw[y[- 9 -
Ω⇑Ψ∨ ΨΤÿΩŸΩΤÿ φκΩΤŠ †Ω∧ΠΨ√ †_ΤΤ∈ΨϑŸφ±Σ∨ ϑΞ⊂Ω™<√≅†ΨΤŠ ðˆΗΤΩ,Ψ∇<√≅… ð∠∼ς√ΜΞ… :†ΩΤ⇒<√Ω∞⇓Κς…Ω …

] ≈... ϑðΣ/
∃ ≅… ΩΩ∞⇓Κς… :†Ω∧ΨΤŠ ψΣΩΤ⇒∼ΩΤŠ ¬Ρ∇š≅†ΩΤ⊇ Ψ∃ ∼ς∏Ω∅ †[ΤΤ⇒Ψ∧∼ΤΩΣ∨Ω γˆΗΤΩ,Ψ|<√≅…
†Ω∧ΠΨ√ †_ΤΤ∈ΨϑŸφ±Σ∨ ϑΞ⊂Ω™<√≅†ΨΤŠ ðˆΗΤΩ,Ψ∇<√≅… ð∠∼ς√ΜΞ… :†ΩΤ⇒<√Ω∞⇓Κς…Ω … .[: )5-k
:†Ω∧ΨΤŠ ψΣΩΤ⇒∼ΩΤŠ ¬Ρ∇š≅†ΩΤ⊇ Ψ∃ ∼ς∏Ω∅ †[ΤΤ⇒Ψ∧∼ΤΩΣ∨Ω γˆΗΤΩ,Ψ|<√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ ΨΤÿΩŸΩΤÿ φκΩΤŠ
.[: )5-k

] ≈... ϑðΣ/
∃ ≅… ΩΩ∞⇓Κς…
" r~jsu - rjr)jfl cfUYedlg;
SipYzr[F; Lifgj/j&kf'jgj)k'k. LfjsRy
akÙk= SipYzr[F*sx Cgjsi)k'fk;,
Lisudl\k c;gÊj)k'fkasYf Lf[. LfjrlH
rJ LiG)jmujH rl; Lifgj/j&kfrkcgj&[ ijPj
dHej)kd.- alTp.. 48 -
2 - fOyl\[ -
L#l|k fsRy Yeilvdrlu aocl r~j - L
- Ty)s/M SipYzr[Faldk'k fOyl\[.TfjH
YedlCik;,cØlGÏikak![. Tf[sdl!lujgk'k
TYclujhjsh ekSgl|jfØlgk;. YeilvdØlgk; ijPj
dHej&jgk'f[.
aocl r~j - L - Ty)s/M SipYzr[Falu
fOyl\jhldk'k rak)[ ijCIcj)H
rjG^r[Paluf[ Lf#lsf T'[ L|[h[
djfl~kdlgksmumk\k= SipYzr[F\jH
ijCIcjS)!fj#.
Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… φΘΣ∼Ξ‰ΘΩ⇒√≅… †ΩΨΤŠ Σ¬Ρ∇µðš χ⁄& ΣΤ⇓Ω _ŸΤΣ∑ †φΤ∼Ψ⊇ Ω◊ΗΤΩ⁄⌠Πς,√≅… †Ω⇒<√Ω∞⇓ςΚ… :†ΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ… …
⇑Ψ∨ Ν…Ρℵ≠Ψ⊃⌠™Σ,πΤ♠≅… †Ω∧ΨΤŠ Σ⁄†Ω‰πšςΚ‚≅…Ω Ω⇐ΘΣ∼Ψ⇒ΗΤΤΘΩΤŠΘΩ≤√≅…Ω Ν…Σ †Ω∑ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς∏Ψ√ Ν…Σ∧ς∏πΤ♠ςΚ…
.[: )5-k

] ≈... ϑðΨ/≅… γˆΗΤΩ,Ψ
"fJG&uluk; rl; fs'uln[ fOyl\[
Lifgj/j&jgj)k'f[ LfjH
YedlCik;,cØlGÏikak![. L#l|kijr[- dJq[s/M
YeilvdØlG u|opaf)lG)[ Lfjrrkcgj&[
ijPjdHej&kSel'k. eknUilRalgk;,
afen[}jfØlgk; - LYedlg; fs'
ijPjdHej&jgk'k - dlgn; L#l|kijsRy
Yzr[F\jsRyc;gÊn; LiG)[
]Hej)s/Mjgk'k. -- alTp . 44
3 - TÖJH-
L#l|k fsRy Yeilvdrlu TOc - r~j -

L - r[ Ty)s/M SipYzr[Faldk'k TÖJH Lf[
akR SipYzr[F*sx Cgjsi)k'fk;
cfUs/mk\k'fkaldk'k.
TOcl r~j - L - Ty)s/M SipYzr[Falu
TÖJhjhldk'k rak)[ ijCIcj)H rjG^r[Paluf[
Lf#lsf T'[ L|[h[ djfl~kdlgksmumk\k=
alËjayj& SipYzr[F\jh#.
ΨΤÿΩŸΩΤÿ Ω⇐κΩΤŠ †Ω∧ΠΨ√ †_Τ∈ΨΠŸΤΩ±Σ∨ Ω¬ΩΤÿ⌠≤Ω∨ Ξ⇑ΤŠ≅… Ω♥∼Ψ⊕ΨΤŠ ¬Ψ∑Ξ≤ΗΤΤς’…ƒ∫ υϖς∏Ω∅ †Ω⇒Τ⌠Τ∼Πς⊃ΩΤ∈Ω …
Ω⇐κΤΩΤŠ †Ω∧ΠΨ√ †_Τ∈ΠΨŸφΤ±Σ∨Ω χ⁄ΣΤ⇓Ω _ŸΤΣ∑ Ψ∼Ψ⊇ Ω∼Ψ•⇓γ‚≅… ΣΗΤΩΤ⇒∼ΩΤZ…ƒ∫Ω Ψ◊∃ ΗΤΩ⁄⌠Πς,√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨
)5-k
] ≈ (46) Ω⇐κΨ⊆Πς,Σ∧<∏ΨΠ√ _◊ðℵ≠Ψ∅⌠Ω∨Ω _ŸΤΤΣ∑Ω Ψ◊ΗΤΩ⁄⌠Πς,√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ ΨΤÿΩŸΩΤÿ
.[A:
" Lisg - YeilvdØlsg - \kmG'[ Ligksm
dlHelmkdxjhlujsdl![ aGuajsRy adR
TOclsu fsRy akÙjhk= fOyl\jsr
Cgjsi)k'irlujsdl![ rl; rjSulzj&k.
cØlGÏrjGS`Cik;, cfUYedlCik;, Lm*ju
TÖJhk; LS`|\jr[ rl; rHdj. LfjsRy
akÙjhkk= fOyl\jsr Cgjsi)k'fk;, coÊ[af
elhj)k'iG)[ alGÏpGCrik;, cpkeSpCikasYf
Lf[ .. alTp . 46 -
fOyl\jhk;, TÖJhjhk; Lm*jujMk=

ak|+p[ r~j -- c - uksm gjclh\jsRy
cSÔl<ilG\dX.
†[ΤŠΣ,<∇Ω∨ ΙΣΩΤ⇓ΣŸΨ•ΩΤÿ ΨϒΠς√≅… ϑðΘΨ∨ΡΚ‚≅… ϑðΞ‰Πς⇒√≅… ΩΣ♠ΘΩ≤√≅… Ω⇐Σ⊕Ψ‰Πς,ΩΤÿ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… …
Ξ⇑Ω∅ ¬ΣΗΩ⇒ΩΤÿΩ γ∩Σ≤⊕Ω∧<√≅†ΨŠ ¬Σ∑Σ≤Σ∨Κ<†ΩΤÿ Ξ∼Ψ•⇓γ‚≅…Ω Ψ◊ΗΤΩ⁄Πς,√≅… ℑ ¬Σ∑ΩŸ⇒Ψ∅
¬Σ⇒Ω∅ Σ⊗Ω∝ΩΤÿΩ ð³ΜΞ;ΗΤΤΩ‰Ω<√≅… 〉ψΞ∼ς∏Ω∅ Σ⋅ΘΞ≤Ω™ΣΤÿΩ γŒΗΤΩ‰ΘΞΤ∼ϑð≠√≅… 〉ψΣς√ ΘΣµΣΨšΩ Ξ≤ς∇⇒Σ∧<√≅…
)RO<
] ≈ ... ψ
& Ψ∼ς∏Ω∅ πŒΩΤ⇓†ς Ψ,Πς√≅… ðΗΤς∏Τ<∅Κς‚≅…Ω ¬Σ∑Ω≤″ΜΞ…
.[:
" - Lfluf[- f*xksm e)hk= fOyl\Jhk;,
TÖJhjhk; SgDs/mk\s/Mfluj LiG)[
ds!\lR dqjuk' : LÊgw[Élraj#l\
Yeilvdrlu sspi pofsr -- ak|+p[ r~jsu -
c - ejReËk'iG)[ - :dlgknU;
SgDs/mk\k'fln[ - LiSglm[ LS`|; cplvlg;
dHej)kduk;, pkglvlg\jH rj'k[ Lisg
ijh)kduk; sv$k'k. r# ic[fk)X LS`|;
LrkiprJual)kduk;, vJ\ ic[fk)X LiG)[
LS`|; rj<jÓal)kduk; sv$k'k. Ligksm
>lg*xk;, Ligksm Sahk!lujgk' ijh*kdxk;
LS`|; Ty)j si)kduk; sv$k'k. -" LL[ylE[
-- 157
4 -- c~oG.
L#l|k fsRy Yeilvdrlu pliop[ - r~j - L
- r[ Ty)s/M SipYzr[Faldk'k c~oG.
pliop[ r~j - L - Ty)s/M SipYzr[Falu
c~oyjhldk'k rak)[ ijCIcj)H rjG^r[Paluf[
Lf#lsf T'[ u|opØlgksmumk\k= alËjayj&
SipYzr[F\jh#
.[A@: )>9?
] ≈ (163) …_⁄ΣŠΩƒ Ω ΙΣ…Ω †Ω⇒Τ∼ΩΤZ…ƒ∫Ω ... …
" pliopjr[ rl; c~oy[ rHdjujgj)k'k. " rjclL[.
63
5 - aocluksmuk;, TY~l|jajsRyuk; - L -
]mkdX.
Tf[ L#l|k fsRy Yeilvdr[alglu

aocl - r~j - L - 'k;, T~[yl|j; - r~j - L -
'k; Ty)s/M ]mkdxldk'k. Tf[
r<[ms/Mjgj)k'k Lfjsr eËj ulsfl'k;
DkG:rk;, fjgk ck'\k; egjvus/mj\juf#lsf
Lyjukduj#.
(37) υϖΠς⊇Ω ΨϒΠς√≅… ðψ∼Ψ∑.Ω≤ΤŠΞΜ…Ω (36) υΩ♠Σ∨ Ψ∪Σ™Σ″ ℑ †Ω∧ΨΤŠ Κ<†ΘΩΤ‰ΩΤ⇒ΣΤÿ ⌠¬ς√ ⌠⋅Κς… …
υΩ⊕Ω♠ †Ω∨ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… Ξ⇑ΗΤΩ♥Τ⇓γπ„Ψ√ ð♦⌠Τ∼Πς√ ⇐Κς…Ω (38) υΩ≤πΤΤΚΡ… Ω⁄ƒΞ β〈Ω⁄Ξƒ…Ω Σ⁄Ξ∞ΩΤZ ‚Πς"Κς…
≈ (41) υΩΤ⊇ςΚ‚≅… ∫
ƒ:…Ω∞Ω•<√≅… ΣΗΤΩ∞µ〉– ΘΩ¬Ρ’ (40) υΩ≤ΣΤÿ ð∩⌠ΤΩ♠ ΙΣΩΤ∼⊕ΤΩ♠ ΘΩ⇐Κς…Ω (39)
.[=@A:m )8?
]
"Lf#, aocuksmuk; _ dmadX - rjySiËju
T~[yl|jajsRyuk; eYfjddxjH K=fjsr eËj
Lir[ ijig; Lyjuj)s/MjMjS#? . Lfluf[
ele>lg; i|j)k' Qglxk; asËlglxksm ele >lg;
i|j)kduj#'k;, ark<Ur[ LiR
YeiG\j&f#lsf asËl'kaj#'k;, LisRy t#l
YeiG\r*xk; LisRy SaH YepGCj/j)s/mk;
t'kak= dlgU;. ej'Jmfjr[ Li'[ egjeoGnaluj
YefjEh; rHds/mk'fln'k;. -- rw[a[ -- 36 --41
ϑðΜΞ… (17) υϖΩ⊆ΤŠςΚ…Ω β⁄κΩ Σ〈Ω≤Ψ›‚"≅…Ω (16) †ΩΤπ∼⇓ϑ〉Ÿ√≅… Ω〈λΩ∼Ω™<√≅… Ω⇐Σ≤ΨΤπ’ΣΤZ ΩΤŠ …
≈ (19) υΩ♠Σ∨Ω Ω¬∼ΤΨ∑.Ω≤ΤŠΞΜ… Ψ∪Σ™Σ″ (18) υς√ΡΚ‚≅… Ψ∪Σ™ϑ〉±√≅… Ψ⊃ς√ …ΩϒΗΤΩ∑
.[=A:m )w0O<
]
" fJG&uluk;,egjCkÓj Srmkduk;, rjsRy
gÊjflijsRy rla; c[agj)kduk; svu[fiR
ijwu; Yelej&k. eSÊ rj*X st|jd wJijf\jr[
domkfH YelPrU; rHdk'k.egShldaldk'k ]Ëik;
K\aik;, rjhrjHdk'fk;. fJG&uluk; Tf[
:pUs\]mkdxjH fs'uk![. Lfluf[
T~[yl|jajsRyuk;, aocluksmuk; ]mkdxjH.
LL[hl .14--19 -
rlh[
YeilvdØlgjhk= ijCIlc;
1 -- YeilvdØlgjhk= ijCIlc;.
Tf[ ijCIlc dlgU*xjH seM Qgk
dlgUaldk'k. Qgmjauksm ijCIlc; Tf[ domlsf
eoG\jul)kd.
YeilvdØlgjhk= ijCIlc;.
L#l|kijr[ LisRy gjclh\[ YeS~lPr;

sv$kilR Si!j fjsgsÉmk\[ rjSulzj&
YeilvdØlgk!'[ ijCIcj)kd. :g(jhk; Lisg
ejReËjulH LiG cØlGzjdxluj, :g(jhk;
Lisg Pj)gj&lH LiG pOGalGzjdxkaluj,
LiG LiG)jy)s/Mf[ ixsg iUd[faluj
YeS~lPr; svu[fjMk![, LiG Lalr\[
eoG\jul)kduk;, cakplus\ KeSpCj)kduk;
svu[fjMk![, L#l|kijsRy alGÏ\jH LiG
uplGÒ PGacag; rm\j, LiG sfxji[ cFlej&k
, Ligksm SaH Lifgj)s/MfjH ulsflgk
alËfjgk\Shl, ay&[ si)Shl domlsf
t\j&jMk![.
L#l|k rak)[ LyJ&[ f'fk;, fgl\fkaluigjhk;
rl; ijCIcj)k'k. t#l YeilvdØlgk; LiG)[
SC<; igk' Yeilvdsg eËj cSÔl<ilG\
LyJ&jMk![. LigjH SC<; igk'iG akÙ[
i'isg cfUs/mk\k'k.
ðψΓΤΤΨ∑.Ω≤ΤŠΞΜ… υϖς√ΞΜ… ΩΞ∞⇓ΚΡ… :†Ω∨Ω †Ω⇒ΤΤ∼ς√ΞΜ… ΩΞ∞⇓ΚΡ… :†Ω∨Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ †ΥφΤΤΤΤ⇒Ω∨…ƒ∫ ϖΝ…ΤΡ√ΣΤ∈ …
υΩ♥∼Ψ∅Ω υΩ♠Σ∨ ðΨΤZΡΚ… :†Ω∨Ω Ψ•†Ω‰Τ⌠♠ςΚ‚≅…Ω ð‡Σ⊆⊕ΩΤÿΩ Ω⊂ΗΤΩ™⌠♠ΞΜ…Ω Ω∼Ψ⊕ΗΤΤΩΤ∧⌠♠ΞΜ…Ω

ΙΣΤς√Σ⇑ð<µš Ω ψΣ⇒ΤΘΨ∨ ξŸΩšΚς… Ω⇐κΩŠ Σ⊄ΘΞ≤Ω⊃ΣΤ⇓ ‚Ω" ψΞΨΘΤŠΘΩ⁄ ⇑Ψ∨ φΘΣ∼Ξ‰Πς⇒√≅… 
ƒ ΨΤZΡΚ… :†Ω∨Ω
.[@A: )

] ≈ (136) Ω⇐Σ∧Ψ∏⌠♥Σ∨
" rj*X eyukd , " L#l|kijhk;, Li(H
rj'[ B*X)ifgj&[ djMjufjhk;,
T~[yl|jajrk;,Tc[alTOhjrk;, Tc[|lDjrk;,
u|[Do~jrk;, u|[Do~[ cÔfjdX)k;,
Lifgj/j&[ sdlmk\fjhk;, aocl TOcl t'jiG)[
rHds/Mfjhk;, cG%YeilvdØlG)k;, Ligksm
gÊjflijHrj'[ rHds/M - cSÕC*xjhk; -
fjhk;, B*X ijCIcj&jgj)k'k. LigjH
:G)jmujhk; B*X ijSivr; dHej)k'j#.
B*X Li'[ - L#l|kij'[ - dJq[s/M[
wJij)k'igkaldk'k. -LH~Dy - 136.
:sg(jhk; Qgk Yeilvdsr dxil)julH

LiR : YeilvdR cfUs/mk\jufjH
dxil)jujgj)k'k. :sg(jhk; Qgk Yeilvdsr
Pj)gj&lH : Yeilvdsr Lrkcgj)lR
dHej&fjsruk; LiR Pj)gj&jgj)k'k.
ϑðΨ/≅… Ω⇐κΤΩŠ Ν…ΣΤ∈ΘΞ≤Ω⊃ΣΤÿ ⇐Κς… Ω⇐ΣŸÿΞ≤ΣΤÿΩ −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ω⇐Σ≤Σ⊃<∇Ωÿ φ⇔ΤÿΨϒΠς√≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… …
⇐Κς… Ω⇐ΣŸÿΞ≤ΣΤÿΩ ω×⊕Ω‰ΨŠ Σ≤Σ⊃|ΩΤ⇓ΩΩ ω×⊕Ω‰ΨŠ Σ⇑Ψ∨ΣΤ⇓ φΡ√Σ⊆ΩΤÿΩ −ΨΨ∏Σ♠Σ⁄Ω
†ΩΤ⇓ŸΤΩΤ,∅ςΚ…Ω †& Θ⊥Τ⊆Ωš Ω⇐Σ≤Ψ⊃ΗΤς∇<√≅… Σ¬Σ∑ ð∠ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς√ΟΚΡ… (150) „∼Ψ‰Ω♠ ð∠Ψ√.ς′ Ω⇐κΩŠ Ν…ΣϒΨΠς,ΩΤÿ
.[ ) S:%+ )>9?

] ≈ (151) †_Τ⇒∼ΤΞΘΣ∨ †_ΤŠ…ΩϒΩ∅ Ω⇑ÿΞ≤Ψ⊃ΗΤς∇<∏Ψ√
" L#l|kijhk; LisRy pofØlgjhk;
LijCIcj)kduk;, - ijCIlcdlgU\jH -
L#l|kijrk; LisRy pofØlG)jmujH ijSivr;
dHej)lR :Yz|j)kduk;, B*X vjhgjH
ijCIcj)kduk;, vjhsg rjS<Pj)kduk; sv$k'k ,
t'[ eyukduk;, L*jsr Lfj'jmujH -
ijCIcj\jrk;, LijCIc\jrk; - asËlgk alGÏ;
cIjdgj)lrkS`Cj)kduk; sv$k'iglSgl , LiG
fs'uldk'k uFlGÒ\jH cfUrjS<PjdX. cfU
rjS<PjdX)[Lealrdgalu CjÊ rl;
Qgk)jsi&jMk![... rjclL[ ..150-151-
2 -- YeilvdfI\jsr c[FjgJdgj)H .
YeilvdfI; .. fsRy CgJ|\[ YeS~lPr;

sv$kilR Si!j cU<[mjuk;, cU<[mlik; f+jhk=
alGÏaldk'k Tf[. fsRy LmjadxjH flR
KS`Cj)k'iG)[ Tf[ rHdk'k fsRy
cU<[mjdxjH flR KS`Cj)k'isg
fjsgsÉmk)k'k. egjCkÓrlu L#l|kijr#lsf
fjsgsÉmk)kilrk= LPjdlg; aËG)kaj#.
Ωϑð/≅… ΥφΜΞ… Ξ♣
& †Πς⇒√≅… φ⇔Ψ∨Ω „Σ♠Σ⁄ Ψ◊Ω|ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς∏Ω∧<√≅… φ⇔Ψ∨ Ψ⊃ς≠π±ΩΤÿ ϑðΣ/≅… …
.[: )|b

] ≈ (75) χ⁄κΨ±ΩΤŠ =Σ⊗∼Ψ∧Ω♠
" ah)kdxjH rj'k; ark<UgjH rj'k; L#l|k
pofØlsg sfsgsÉmk)k'k. fJG&uluk; L#l|k
SdX)k'irk;, dlnk'irkasYf. --" |w[w[ -- 75
YeilvdfI; .. L#l|k rHdk'fln[

cÙlpj)k'f#. Tf[ domkfH :glPrsdlS!l,
Lrkcgn; sdlS!l dgzfaldkduj#. Lf[
Selsh ]sf(jhk; YeilvdØlgksm :iCUs/mH
sdlS!l , sfsgsÉmk)H sdlS!l h>j)kduj#,
Lf[ L#l|k ildk'k sfsgsÉmk)k'f[.

] ≈ (13) 〉ˆ∼ΨΤ⇒ΣΤÿ ⇑Ω∨ Ψ∼Τς√ΜΞ… ϖΨŸΩΤÿΩ Σ∫:†ΤΩ↑Ωÿ ⇑Ω∨ ΨΤ∼ς√ΜΞ… ⌡Ψ‰Ω,Τµµð– ϑðΣ/≅… ... …
.[@: )]
L
" flR KS`Cj)k'isg L#l|k fsRy
Lmk)Sh)[ sfgsBmk)k'k. flq[aSulsm
am*k'isg Li(Sh)kxx aGz\jHH
ruj)kduk; sv$k'k .. Coyl .. 13
3 -- YeilvdØlsg rjSulzj&fjsh ffI;,
1 -- YeilvdØlsg rjSulzj&fjsh ffI\jH

seM vjhf[.
Lmjadsx Lmjadsx :glPj)k'fjH
rj'k; Lmjadxksm Kmasu :glPj)k'fjSh)[
sdl![ igkd. c{<[mjdxksm LmjafI\jH rj'[
Lmjadxksm gÊjflijsr :glPj)k'
cIlfYÔU\jSh)[ sdl![igkd.
)>2;<
] ≈ (107) φκΨ∧ς∏ΗΤΩ⊕<∏ΠΨ√ ⊥◊Ω∧šΩ⁄ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ð∠ΗΤΤΩΤ⇒<∏Ω♠⁄ςΚ… :†Ω∨Ω …
.[S:
ShldG)[ dlgknUalujsdl!#lsf rjs'
rl; Lu&jMj#. "
LR~ju -- 107 -
2 -- L#l|k c{<[mjdsx c{<[mj&sfÔjrln'
hÊUs\ ijCpJdgj)kilR Si!j, , Lf[
L#l|kijsr LglPrujH ]dfIs/mk\kd. Lf[
fsRy LmjadxjH rj'k; fjsgsÉmk\
YeilvdØlgjhosmu#lsf clPUaldkduj#, Lf[
Shld\jr[ LiR rHdju a|\lu
LrkYz|aldk'k.;
Ν…Σ‰Ψ⇒ΩΤ,–≅…Ω ϑðΩ/≅… Ν…ΣŸΣΤ‰∅≅… γ⇐Κς… ‚Ζ"Σ♠ΩΘ⁄ ξ◊ΤΤΘΩ∨ΡΚ… ΘΞΣ{ ℑ †ΩΤ⇒Τ‘Ω⊕ΩΤŠ ŸΩ⊆ς√Ω …
.[@A: )Yz?

] ≈... ð‹
∃ Σ⊕ΗΤϑð≠√≅…
"fJG&uluk; QlSgl cakplu\jhk; rl; pofsr
rjSulzj&jMk![, rj*X L#l|ksi :glPj)kduk;,
pkGaoG\jdsx simjukduk; sv$kd," --r|[H- 36-
3 -- L#l|kijsRy cSÕC; YeilvdØlgjhosm

t\j&jMk!'[ cFlej)kilR Si!j.
ΩŸ⊕ΩΤŠ =Σ◊ΘΩ•Σš ϑðΨ/≅… ς∏Ω∅ Ξ♣†Πς⇒∏Ψ√ Ω⇐Ρ∇ΩΤÿ Πς„ΩΛΨ√ Ω⇑ÿΨ⁄Ψϒ⇒Σ∨Ω Ω⇑ÿΞ≤ΠΨ↑ΩΤ‰ΘΣ∨ „Σ♠ΘΣ⁄ …
.[A: )>9?

] ≈ (165) †_Τ∧∼Ψ∇Ωš …[∞ÿΞ∞Ω∅ ϑðΣ/≅… Ω⇐†Ω{Ω Ξ
& Σ♠ΘΣ≤√≅…
" cSÔl<ilG\ LyJ)k'igk;, fl)Jf[
rHdk'igkalu pofØlglujgk'k LiG. :
pofØlG)[ SC<; : wr*X)[
L#l|kijsrfjgjH Qgk rUluik; T#lfjgj)kilR
Si!julnf[. L#l|k Yeflejuk;,
ukd[fjalrkaldk'k. -- rjclL[. 165
4 -- wr*xksm ~kÓj)[ Szlvga#l\

ayÉdlgU*X LyJ&k sdlmk)kilR Si!j.
L#l|kijsRy rla*X, ijSC<n*X ,
LiclrrlX Selshuk= dlgU*sx dkyj&[.
5 -- YeilvdØlG KHdU<[m cI>liak=igk;,

K\aalf{duk=igk;, SfS|&dxjH rj'k;.
ic[ilckdxjH rj'k; ele ckgÊjfgkaldk'k
si'[ L#l|k Lisg eËj eyÉjgj)k'k.
)1T;<
] ≈... % ΨŸΩΤ,<∈≅… Σ¬ΣΗΤΩŸΤΣΨ‰ΩΤ⊇ ϑðΣ/
∃ ≅… ΩŸΩ∑ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… ∠ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς√ΟΚΡ… …
.[S:
"Lisguln[ L#l|k Srgiqjujhl)jujMk=f[,
LfjrlH Ligksm SrGalGÏs\ rJ
ejÔkmG'[sdl=kd. -- LR:; -- 90
.[A: ) ?z+k

] ≈... β◊Ω⇒Ω♥Ωš δ〈ΩπΤ♠ΡΚ… ⌠¬Ξ∼Ψ⊇ ψΡ∇ς√ Ω⇐†ς ŸΩ⊆ς√ …
" fJG&uluk; rj*X)[ -- L#l|ksiuk;,
LÔUpjrs\uk; YefJÊj)k'iG)[ - LigjH
K\aalYfduk![. ak;f|rÈ - 6
6 -- ark<UarÍkdsx r'l)kduk;,
CkÓJdgj)kduk;, c;c[dgj)kduk;, Lisg
ahjrJdgj/j)k'fjsr sflM[ fl)Jf[rHdkilrk;
Si!j.
−ΨΨ,ΤΗΤΩÿ…ƒ∫ ⌠¬Ξ∼Τς∏Ω∅ Ν…Ρ∏Τ,ΤΩÿ ¬Σ⇒ΤΘΨ∨ ‚_"Σ♠Ω⁄ Ω⇑ΓΤΤΘΨ∼ΤΘΨ∨ΡΚ‚≅… ℑ ð³Ω⊕ΩŠ ΨϒΠς√≅… ΩΤΣ∑ …
.[: ) TX

] ≈... Ω◊Ω∧<∇Ψ™<√≅…Ω ðˆΗΤΩ,Ψ∇<√≅… Σ¬ΣΣ∧ΠΨ∏Ω⊕ΣÿΩ ⌠¬Ξ∼ΠΨ{Ω∞ΣÿΩ
" LÊgw[Blraj#l\iG)jmujH fsRy
p{<[mlÔl*X iluj&{SdX/j)kduk; Lisg
c;c[dgj)kduk; LiG)[[ SipYzr[Fik;,
ffIw[Blrik; eAj/j)kduk; sv$lR LigjH
rj'k fs'uk= Qgk pofsr rjSulzj&irldk'k. -
- wkakL -- 2
.[8/b 5y& 6 ]".I.3< 1 ," 8< ^T U" :
.[8/b 5y& 6 ] ".I.3< 1 ," 8< ^T U" :
" r~j - c - eyÉk - BlR Lu)s/Mf[
t#l KHdU<[m cI>li*xk; eoG\Jdgj)kilR
Si!juldk'k. - L|[ap[ -- |ldj; -
4 -- YeilvdØlgksm K\gilpjfI*X.
YeilvdØlG)[ Qgkelm[ K\gilpjfI*xk![
1 -- sspijd af; wr*Xs)\j)kduk;,
L#l|kijsr alYf; :glPj)kd, aËk= t#l
:glPUic[fk)sxuk; simjukd t'[ YeS~lPr;
sv$kd.
/
ϑðΩ% ≅… ‚Πς"ΜΞ… …[ŸΩšςΚ… Ω⇐⌠ΤΩ↑µð ‚Ω"Ω ΙΣΩΤ⇓⌠ΤΩ↑µðΩ ϑðΨ/≅… γŒΗΤς∏ΗΤΩ♠Ξ⁄ Ω⇐Σ⊕ΠΨ∏ΩΤ‰ΣΤÿ φ⇔ΤÿΨϒΠς√≅… …
.[@: )KEG<

] ≈ (39) †Τ_‰∼Ψ♥Ωš Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ υΩ⊃Ω{Ω
"Lfluf[ L#l|kijsRy cSÕC*X
t\j&[ sdlmk)kduk;, Lisr Semj)kduk;,
L#l|ki#l\ :sguk; Semj)lfjgj)kduk;
svu[fjgk'igksm dlgU\jH - L#l|kijsRy
rmemj - dn)[ Srl)k'irluj L#l|k fs'
afj . L|[cl~[ - 39
2 -- pJrjH Ty)s/Mfjsr ijCpJdgj)kilR Si!j.
ΩΘΞ∞ΣΤ⇓ †Ω∨ Ξ♣†Πς⇒Ψ∏√ Ω⇐ΠΞκΩ‰Σ,Ψ√ Ω≤Τ{ΠΨϒ√≅… ð∠∼ς√ΜΞ… :†ΩΤ⇒<√Ω∞⇓Κς…Ω Ξ≤% ΣΤŠΘΣ∞Τ√≅…Ω γŒΗΤΩΤ⇒ΘΨΤ∼Ω‰<√≅†ΨŠ …
.[ : )Yz?

] ≈ (44) Ω⇐Σ≤Πς∇Ω⊃Ω,ΩΤÿ ¬ΣΠς∏Ω⊕ς√Ω ⌠¬Ξ∼ς√ΞΜ…
rjr)[[ rl; KHS~lPr; Lifgj/j&k
f'jgj)k'k. wr*X)luj Lifgj/j)s/Mf[ rJ
LiG)[ ijigj&[ sdlmk)kilR Si!juk;, LiG
vjÔj)kilR Si!juk;. " -- r|[H -- 44
3 -- rØujSh)[ Ênj)kduk;, fjØsu sflM[
ijSglPj)kduk; , YefjEhs\dkyj&[
cSÔl<ilG\uyJ)kduk;, CjÊsu sflM[
fl)Jf[ rHdkduk; sv$kilR Si!j.
.[A: )>9?
] ≈...Ω⇑ÿΨ⁄Ψϒ⇒Σ∨Ω Ω⇑ÿΞ≤ΠΨ↑ΩΤ‰ΘΣ∨ „Σ♠ΘΣ⁄ …
" cSÔl<ilG\ LyJ)k'igk;, fl)Jf[
rHdk'igkalu pofØlglujgk'k LiG.
rjclL[- 165
4 -- il)jhk;, YeiG\jujhk; K\aalf{duk;, r#
cI>liik; ekhG\j wr*sx Lf[sdl![
r'l)kd.
5 -- L#l|kijsRy pJrjsr LisRy

LmjadX)jmujH c[Flej)kduk;, rm/jhl)kduk;
sv$kd.
6 -- f*xjShHej& YeS~lPrsa' K\gilpjfI;

egjeoGnaluj rjG%|j&ksi'[ LiclrrlxjH
fsRy cakplu\jsrfjgjH clÊjuldkilRSi!j.
Ψ∫:‚Ω"Σ;ΗΤΤΩ∑ υς∏Ω∅ ð∠ΨŠ †Ω⇒ΤΤΛΨ–Ω ξŸΤΤ∼ΞΩ↑ΨΤŠ Ψ>◊ΤϑðΤΤ∨ΡΚ… ΘΞΣ ⇑Ψ∨ †Ω⇒ΤΤΛΨ– …ς′ΞΜ… ð∪∼ς∇ΩΤ⊇ …
.[: )>9?

] ≈ (41) …_Ÿ∼ΤΤΞΩ→
"t'lH QlSgl cakplu\jHrj'k; QlSgl
clÊjsu rl; sdl!kigjduk; T)oMGs)fjgjH
rjs' rl; clÊjulujsdl!kigjduk; sv$kSÙlX
tÔlujgj)k; Lic[F . rjclL[ . 41
5 -- t#l YeilvdØlgksmuk; af;

Tc[hlaldk'k.
t#l YeilvdØlgksmuk;, pofØlgksmuk; af;
Tc[hlalujgk'k.
.[: )%O P
] ≈ ... 〉ψ
% ΗΤς∏⌠♠‚ΞΜ≅… ϑðΨ/≅… ΩŸ⇒Ψ∅ φ⇔ΤÿΠΨŸ√≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… …
" L#l|kijsRy umk\[ cIJdlgUalu af;
Tc[hlaldk'k. -- :hk T;ylR - 19
t#ligk; LiR alYfSa
:glPr)G|srl=ksi'k;, asË#l :glPU
ic[fk)sx simjunsa'k; YeS~lPr;svu[fk.
LiG CgJ|\jH >j'"j&jgk'ksi(jhk;, t#ligk;
Lmjc[Flregalu fO|JpjH Sulvj&jgk'k.
.[ r 6 ] ".m.T
3U >2;<" :
r~j - c - eyÉk - " YeilvdØlsg#l;
ejflsil\ cS|lpgØlgldk'k. " akc[hj;.
6 -- YeilvdØlG ark<Ugln[ , Lp{CU;

Lyjukduj#.
Lp{CUw[Élr; L#l|kijsRy
YeSfUdfuldk'k, YeilvdØlgksm YeSfUdfu#.,
dlgn; YeilvdØlg#l; aËk ark<UØlsg Selsh
ark<Ugldk'k. LiR >ÊnelrJu*X
KeSulzj)k'k, ijil|; dqj)k'k,, Ky*kduk;,
Sglzjulikduk;, ÊJnj)kduk; sv$k'k.
Ω⇐Ρ∏Σ{Κ<†Ω∼ς√ ⌠¬ΣΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ… :‚Πς"ΜΞ… φκΨ∏φΤΤ♠⌠≤Σ∧<√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ ð∠ς∏Τ‰ΩΤ∈ †ΤΩΤ⇒<∏φΤΤ♠⁄ςΚ… :†Ω∨Ω …
.[S: )%:

] ≈...γ⊄
% …ΩπΤ♠ΚΚς‚≅… ℑ φΣ↑∧ΩΤÿΩ Ω⋅†ΤΤΩ⊕ϑð≠√≅…
">Ên; dqj)kduk;, L*lmjujhosm rm)kduk;
sv$k'iglujM#lsf rjr)[ akÙ[ pofØlgjH
:sguk; rl; Lu)kduk!lujMj#." -- EkGDlR -
20
≈ _◊& ΩΘΤÿΘΨ⁄Σ′Ω †_–.ΩƒΚς… ⌠¬Σς√ †ΩΤ⇒<∏Ω⊕Ω–Ω ð∠Ψ∏‰ΩΤ∈ ⇑ΨΘ∨ „Σ♠Σ⁄ †ΩΤ⇒<∏Ω♠⁄ςΚ… ŸΩ⊆ς√Ω …
.[@: )5O

]
rjr)[ akÙk; rl; pofØlsg rjSulzj&jMk![.
LiG)[ rl; >lgUalsguk;, cÔlr*sxuk;
rHdjujMkak![. yL[p[ - 38 -
Lf[ Selsh ark<Usg ~lPj)k' c(m;,
cSÔl<;, egjYCa;, KHcl|; Selshuk=f[
Lisguk; ~lPj)k'k, L#l|k Lisg
fjsgsÉmk\f[ LisRy CgJL\[ YeS~lPr;
sv$kilR Si!juldk'k, LiG)[ L#l|k LyJ&[
sdlmk\ dlgUa#lsf ayÉdlgUsal'kayjuj#.
⇑Ψ∨ υΩ∝ΩΤπZ⁄≅… Ξ⇑Ω∨ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… (26) …[ŸΩšςΚ… ,−ΨΨ‰Τ∼Ω∅ ς∏Ω∅ Σ≤Ξπℵ≠Σÿ ð„ΤΩΤ⊇ γˆ∼Ω⊕<√≅… Σ¬Ψ∏ΗΤΩ∅ …

] ≈ (27) …_ŸΩ″Ω⁄ −ΨΨ⊃<∏Ω ⌠⇑Ψ∨Ω ΨΤÿΩŸΩÿ Ξ⇐κΤΩŠ ?⇑Ψ∨ 〉∠Ρ∏π♥Ωÿ ΙΣΠς⇓ΞΜ†ΩΤ⊇ ξΣ♠ΩΘ⁄
.[ ) A %+ )!X

" LiR Lp{CU; Lyjuk'irln[, t'lH
LiR LisRy LpUCUw[Élr; ulsflglX)k;
sixjs/mk\jsdlmk)kduj#. LiR f{e[fjs/M i#
pofrka#lsf, t'lH LS`|\jsRy - pofsRy -
ak'jhk;, ej'jhk; LiR dliH)lsg
]Gs/mk\kdfs' sv$k;. - wj'[ - 26 - 27
.
7 -- YeilvdØlgksm ele ckgÊjffI;.
K'frk; egjCkÓrkalu L#l|k ]Ëik;
K'fsguk;, egjeoGn cI>li\jsRyuk;,
ClgJg\jsRyuk; Kmadsxuldk'k YeilvdfI\jr[
sfsgsÉmk)k'f[. LiG L#l|kijsRy i|[u[
wr*xjShs)\j)k'f[isg eleckgÊjfgk;,t#l
rUorfdxjH rj'k; akd[fgkaldk'k. K'frk;
egjCkÓrkalu L#l|kijsr c;~r[Pj&[ LyJ&[
fgk' dlgU*sx sflM[ LiG ele
ckgÊJfgldk'ksi'fjH akc[hj; cakplu;
]Sdlej&jgj)k'k.
†Ω∧ΩΤ⊇ Ω⊕πΤ⊃ΩΤZ ψΠς√ ⇐ΜΞ…Ω ð∠
∃ ΨΘΤŠΘΩ⁄ ⇑Ψ∨ ð∠∼ς√ΜΞ… ΩΞ∞⇓ΚΡ… :†Ω∨ <⊗ΤΠΨ∏ΩΤŠ ΣΣ♠ΘΩ≤√≅… †ΩΘΣΤÿΚς†Η;ΤΤΩΤÿ …
)5-k
] ≈ Ξ♣
% †Πς⇒√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ ð∠Σ∧Ψ±⊕ΩΤÿ Σϑð/≅…Ω Ι&ΣΩΤ,ς√†Ω♠Ψ⁄ ðŒπΤΤ⊕Πς∏ΩΤŠ
.[A:
" S|, ycosh, rjsRy gÊjflij(H rj'[ rjr)[
Lifgj/j)s/Mf[ rJ --wr*X)[ --
t\j&[sdlmk)kd. L*jsr sv$l\eÊ; rJ
LisRy pOfU; rJ rjySiËjujMj#. wr*xjH rj'[
L#l|k rjs' gÊj)k'fln[. -- alTp -- 67
‚Πς"ΜΞ… …[ŸΩšςΚ… Ω⇐⌠ΤΩ↑µð ‚Ω"Ω ΙΣΩΤ⇓⌠ΤΩ↑µðΩ ϑðΨ/≅… γŒΗΤς∏ΗΤΩ♠Ξ⁄ Ω⇐Σ⊕ΠΨ∏ΩΤ‰ΣΤÿ φ⇔ΤÿΨϒΠς√≅… …
.[@: )KEG<

] ≈.../
ϑðΩ% ≅…
"Lfluf[ L#l|kijsRy cSÕC*X t\j&[
sdlmk)kduk;, Lisr Semj)kduk;,
L#l|ki#l\:sguk; Semj)lfjgj)kduk;
svu[fjgk'igksm dlgU\jH - . L|[cl~[ - 39
¬ΞΤÿΩŸς√ †Ω∧ΨŠ ð•†ΩšςΚ…Ω ¬ΞΘΨΤŠΩ⁄ γŒΗΤς∏ΗΤΩ♠Ψ⁄ Ν…Σ⊕ς∏ΤŠςΚ… ŸΤΩΤ∈ ⇐Κς… ðψς∏⊕ΩΤ∼ΨΠ√ …
.[: )!X

] ≈ (28) …Ω= ΩŸΩ∅ ]∫πΩ→ ΘΩΡ υΩ±šςΚ…Ω
" LiG - pofØlG - f*xksm gÊjflijsRy
pOfU*X t\j&[ sdlmk\jMk![ t'[ LiR -
L#l|k - LyjulR Si!j. Ligksm e)hk=fjsr
LiR egjeoGnaluj LyjÉjgj)k'k.t#l
ic[fkijsRyuk; tÑ; LiR
fjMs/mk\jujgj)k'k. wj'[ - 28
Trj Ligksm YeS~lPr\jrjmujH i#

elxj&dxk; i'lH L#l|k Lf[ ijCpJdgj)kduk;
sv$k'k L*jsr LiG LfjH rj'[ seM'[
SDpj&[ am*k'igkaldk'fjrlH LiG Lf[
sv$l\isg Selshuldk'k, LfjrlH
LiG)#l|kijsRyumk\[ :pUs\)lxk; cFlr;
iGÓj)kduk; sv$k'k. t#l r# ijSC<n*xk;,
egjeoGnalu K\a cI>liik;,
L#l|k LisRy YeilvdØlG)[
YeSfUdal)jujgj)k'k , Ligksm cFlr\jr[
SdlM; fMk' t#l vj\ dlgU*xjH rj'k;
L#l|k Lisg egjCkÓs/mk\jujgj)k'k.
8 -- YeilvdØlgksmuk;, r~jalgksmuk;
tÑik;, LigjH SYC<mgk;.
ycohkdxksm tÑ; ak'oËj e\jH vj#lraln'[

cFjgseMjgj)k'k,
".V4: V LO -.e" :Y Q5O !O Yv k

.[8/b 6 ]
r~j - c - Sulm[ ycohkdxksm tÑs\
eËj Svlpj&S/X eyÉk sal\\jH ak'oËj
efjrÖldk'k si'[. |lDj;.
t'lH r~jalG Tfjsr)lX ixsg

domkfhldk'k, LfjH L#l|k rak)[ LisRy
djfl~jhosm LyJ&[ f'igk;, fgl\igkak![.
L#l|k LisRy djfl~jH 25 ycohkdxksm uk;,
r~jalgksmuk; Seg[ eyÉjgj)k'k.
¬Σπ±Σ±πΤ⊆ΩΤ⇓ ¬Πς√ „Σ♠Σ⁄Ω Σ‰ΩΤ∈ ⇑Ψ∨ ð∠∼ς∏Ω∅ ¬ΣΗΤΩΤ⇒π±Ω±ΩΤ∈ ŸΩΤ∈ „Σ♠Σ⁄Ω …
.[A: )>9?

] ≈... ð∠
& ∼ς∏Ω∅
" LigjH vjhsg eËj rl; rjr)[ ijigj&k
f'jMk![, vjhsg eËj rl; rjr)[ ijigj&k f'jMj#.
-- akL[ajR -- 78
ξŒΗΤΩ–Ω⁄Ω Σ⊗ΤΩΤ⊇⌠≤ΤΩΤ⇓ −&ΨΨ∨⌠ΤΩΤ∈ υς∏Ω∅ ðψ∼ΤΨ∑.Ω≤ΤŠΞΜ… :†ΩΗΤΤΩΤ⇒∼ΩΤZ…ƒ∫ :†Ω⇒ΤΤΣ,ΘΩ•Σš ð∠<∏ΨΤZΩ …
ð‡
& Σ⊆⊕ΩΤÿΩ Ω⊂ΗΤΤΩ™♠ΞΜ… ,ΙΣΤς√ †Ω⇒ΤΤ‰ΤΩ∑ΩΩ (83) χψ∼Ψ∏ΩΤ∅ }ψ∼Ψ∇Ωš ð∠ΠςŠΩ⁄ ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… ∫Σ% :†ΤΩ↑ΠςΤ⇓ ⇑ΘΩ∨
Ω ΙΣ…Ω −ΨΨ,ΤΘΩΤÿΘΞ⁄Σ′ ⇑Ψ∨Ω 

Σ∃ ‰ΤΩΤ∈ ⇑Ψ∨ †ΤΩΤ⇒ΤÿΩŸΩ∑ †[ΤšΣΤ⇓Ω †&ΤΩΤ⇒ΤÿΩŸΩ∑ ϑΖ„Σ{
Ξ∞•ΩΤ⇓ ð∠Ψ√.ςϒΩ{Ω Ω⇐
& Σ≤ΗΤΩ∑Ω υΩ♠Σ∨Ω ð∪Σ♠ΣΤÿΩ ð‡ΘΣΤÿςΚ…Ω Ω⇑ΗΤΩ∧∼ς∏ΤΣ♠Ω
Ω⇑ΨΘ∨ ΘβΡ ð♣
∃ †Ω∼Τ<√ΞΜ…Ω υΩ♥∼Ψ∅Ω υΩ∼π™ΩΤÿΩ †ΘΩΤÿΞ≤Ω{ΩƒΩ (84) Ω⇐κΨ⇒Ψ♥™Σ∧<√≅…
⊥ν„Σ{Ω †& _ΤΤ≡Ρ√Ω ð♦Σ⇓ΩΤÿΩ Ω⊗Ω♥Ω∼<√≅…Ω Ω∼Ψ⊕ΗΤΩΤ∧♠ΞΜ…Ω (85) φκΨ™Ψ∏ΗΤΥφΤΤ±√≅…
⌠¬
∃ ΞΨ⇓.ΩΞΜ…Ω ⌠¬ΞΨ,ΗΤΘΩΤÿΘΞ⁄Σ′Ω ψΞΜΞ:†ΩΤŠ…ƒ∫ ⌠⇑Ψ∨Ω (86) Ω⇐κΨ∧ς∏ΗΤΩ⊕<√≅… ς∏Ω∅ †Ω⇒<∏ϑð∝ΩΤ⊇
)1T;<
] ≈ (87) ξψ∼Ψ⊆Ω,ΤΤ♥ΘΣ∨ ξ•.Ω≤γ″ υς√ΞΜ… ψΣΗΤΩΤ⇒ΤΤÿΩŸΩ∑Ω ⌠¬ΣΗΤΩΤ⇒∼Ω‰ΩΤ,–≅…Ω
.[=@:m
" TY~l|jajr[ fsRy wrfs)fjgluj rl;
rHdju rUlu YealnasYf Lf[, rl;
KS`Cj)k'iG)[ rl; epijdX
KuG\jsdlmk)k'k, fJG&uluk; rjsRy gÊjfli[
ukd[fjalrk; cG%w[ÉrkasYf. LS`|\jr[ rl;
Tc[|lDjsruk;, u|[Do~jsruk;, rHdkduk;
svu[fk. Lisgsu#l; rl;
SrGiqjujhl)jujgj)k'k. LS`|\jr[ akÙ[ rl;
ro|jsruk; rl; SrGiqjujhl)jujMk![,
LS`|\jsRy cÔlr*xjH rj'[ pliopjsruk;
cksshalsruk;, L$o~jsruk;, uockEjsruk;,
aoclSuuk;, |lyorjsruk;, - SrGiqjujhl)j -
LYedlg; cp[ i{\G)[ rl; YefjEh; rHdk'k.
cdgj$,u|[u, TOcl ,THulc[ t'jisguk; ---
SrGiqjujhl)j- Lisg#l; cw[wr*xjH
s/MigsYf. Tc[alTOH , LHulc[, uorkc[,
ho\[,t'jisguk; --- SrGiqjujhl)j.
Lisgsu#lisguk; rl; ShldgjH si&[
SYC<[mgl)jujgj)k'k. Ligksm ejfl)xjH rj'k;
cÔfjdxjH rj'k;, cS|lpg*xjH rj'k; -
vjhG)k rl; SYC<[mf rHdjujgj)k'k. -- Lisg
rl; ijCj<[mgluj sfsgsÉmk)kduk;,
SrGalGÏ\jSh)[ Lisg ruj)kduk;
svu[fjgj)k'k-- LR:; -- 83 -- 87
L#l|k vjh r~jalsg vjhSg)lX

SYC<[mgl)jujgj)k'k.
)>(
] ≈... ω×
∃ ⊕ΩŠ υς∏Ω∅ Ω⇑ΓϑγΤΤ∼Ψ‰Πς⇒√≅… ð×⊕ΩΤŠ †ΩΤ⇒<∏ϑð∝ΩΤ⊇ ŸΤΩ⊆ς√Ω... …
.[:
" fJG&uluk; YeilvdØlgjH vjhG)[
vjhsg)lX rl; SYC<[mf rHdjujgj)k'k. -
Tc[yl|[ -- 55
L#l|k vjh ycohkdsx vjhSg)lX
SYC<[mgl)jujgj)k'k.
)
] ≈... ω×
∋ ⊕ΩΤŠ υς∏Ω∅ ⌠¬ΣΩ∝⊕ΩΤŠ †Ω⇒<∏ϑðΤ∝ΩΤ⊇ 〉Σ♠ΘΣ≤√≅… ð∠<∏ΨZ …
.[@:
" :pofØlgjH vjhG)[ rl; aËk vjhSg)lX
SYC<[mf rHdjujgj)k'k --
LH~Dy -- 253
LigjH SYC<[mG p{@arc[dglu
pofØlgldk'k. LiG ro|[, T~[yl|j;, aoc ,
TOcl, --L -r+ksm r~j -c - t'jigldk'k.
)RG<
] ≈... ΞΣ♠ΘΣ≤√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ Ψζ∞Ω⊕<√≅… Ν…Ρ√ΟΡΚ… Ω⁄ΩιΤΩ″ †Ω∧ς ⁄Ψιπ″≅†ΩΤ⊇ …
.[@:
" :dulH p{@arc[dglu sspi pofØlG
Êaj&fkSelsh rJ Êaj)kd.
L|[DlE[. -- 35
Ω¬∼Ψ∑.Ω≤ΤŠΜΞ…Ω ω—ΠΡ⇓ ⇑Ψ∨Ω ð∠⇒Ψ∨Ω ⌠¬ΣΩ⊆ΗΤΩΤ‘∼Ψ∨ Ω⇑ΓϑγΤΤ∼Ψ‰Πς⇒√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ †ΩΤ⇓πϒΤΩΚς… <′ΜΞ…Ω …
≈ (7) †_ΤΤℵ≠∼Ψ∏Ω∅ †[Τ⊆ΗΤΩΤ‘∼ΘΨ∨ ¬Σ⇒Ψ∨ †ΩΤπ⇓ϒΩςΚ…Ω ¬

Ω∃ ΩΤÿ⌠≤ΤΩ∨ Ξ⇑ΤŠ≅… Ω♥∼Ψ∅Ω υΩ♠Σ∨Ω
.[: )KEG<

]
" YeilvdØlgjH rj'[ f*xksm dglG rl;
il*ju cÕG>; - YCSÓualdk'k - rjsRy e)H
rj'k; ro|[ , TY~l|J; , aoc , ay[uajsRy adR
TOcl t'jigjH rj'k;, - rl; dglG il*ju
cÕG>; - zOgiak= Qgk dglyln[ LigjH
rjs'#l; rl; il*juf[ . L|[cl~[ -- 7
ak|+p[ r~j -c - ycohkdxjH SYC<[mrk;,

r~jalgjH LÔUrk; , ak\Dj*xksm Talakaldk'k.
:p; cÔfjdxksm Srflik;, r~jalG cZmj&lhk;,
c;Zaluj i'lhk; Ligksm
Talak;, Yelc;zjdrk; ak|+p[ r~j -c - uldk'k.
eoG%jdgk;, ejRzlajdxk; :Yz|j)k'
c[fkfUG|alu cFlr\jsRy KmacFrk;, ilzp\
fmld\jsRyuk;, cfkfjuksm efld il|drk;
Liclr rlxjsh c{<[mjdxksm CElL\jsRy
KmacFrk;, SYC<[mfuksmuk;, icjhuksmuk;
KmacFrk;, L#l|k ]Ëik; r#
CgJ|\kalujuldk'k LS`|s\ eyÉu&f[,
LS`|\jsRy cakplus\ ]Ëik; r#
cakplual)jujgj)k'k , LS`|\jrk;,
LS`|\jsRy cakplu\jrk;, aËk
cakplus\)lxk; Qgkelm[ rØuk;,SYC<[mfuk;
L#l|k Qgkaj&k doMjujgj)k'k , LiG
c{<[mjdxjH ]Ëik; Liclrs\fk;,
KujGs\q[S'HejH :pUs\ cakpluikaldk'k .
.[809" 6 ] ."…^9 >2;< w0O ^0 _" :
ak|+p[ r~j -c - eyÉk " ÉlR aËk
YeilvdØlsg)lX :y[ dlgU*Xsdl![
SYC<[mal)s/Mjgj)k'k." -- akc[hj;,
._ H 5b >
r52 ) "2 1
1QP 5 52 ;&" :
6 ] ". "2 1
o-
^ HU 6
!_ 1QP sv"
c; !" "
.[ rs"+ 5y&
ak|+p[ r~j -c - eyÉk. BlR :p;
cÔfjdxksm Srflildk'k , cfkfjuksm efld
tsRy d$jhldk'k. L>jalr; eyukdu# .:p;
r~j akfH asË#l YeilvdØlgk; LiclrrlxjH
tsRy efld)[ dJqjhlujgj)k;. " -- L|[ap[ ,
fjGajpj .
SYC<[mfujH ak|+p[ r~j -c - SC<;

igk'f[ p{@arc[dglu sspi pofØlgldk'k.
LigjH dlgknUilrlu L#l|kijsRy
doMkdlgrlu T~[yl|Jak;, p{@arc[dglu sspi
pofØlgjH SYC<[mG g![ doMkdlgldk'k, SC<;
aËk ao'[ Segkaldk'k.
9 - r~jalgksm Lalrk<jd p{<[mlÔ; -
akL[wjc\kdX -
sfxjij'k; :iCU\jrk;Si!j L#l|k
YeilvdØlsg a|\lu p{<[mlÔ; sdl!k;,
iUd[falu akL[wjc\kdX sdl!k;
Cd[fjs/mk\jujgj)k'k . ijCkÓ DkG:R ,
vYÕsRy ejxG/[ , imj elÙl)j alËH , aÑjH
rj'[ eÊjsu K!l)H t"'jiSelshuk=f[.
efjij'[ ijegJfalu Lalrk<jd p{<[mlÔ*X
YeilvdfI\jr[ sfxjildk'k., dyla\kdX
YeilvdfI; cfU s/mk\jujgj)k'ksi'[ clÊU
s/mk\jufj'[ sfxjildk'k .
.[: )55b
] ≈... γŒΗΤΩΤ⇒ΘΞ∼Ω‰<√≅†ΨŠ †ΩΤ⇒ς∏Σ♠Σ⁄ †ΩΤ⇒<∏Ω♠⁄ςΚ… ŸΤΩ⊆ς√ …
"fJG&uluk; rl; r+ksm pofØlsg sid[fialu
p{<[mlÔ*xk;sdl![ Lu)kduk!luj.
|pJp[ -25
w0O !"P " m !" & 5 HU >2;< !" c; !" "" :
%
/& %&
f i_ )¢U 6G& V2G *+2$& rs %/ U )L *0"
.[*20O 1
N:+"] ". "2 VT $ 8C/&
ak|+p[ r~j -c - eyÉk , " Qgk
Yeilvdsruk; Ligksm cakplu; Lisg ejReËk
ilR Si!j iUd[falu p{<[mlÔ; rHdlsf
Lu)s/MjMj#lsu'[ trj)[ i|[u[
rHds/MjMk![ , LiclrrlxjH domkfH
ejRzlajdxk=irldkilR BlrlYz|j)k'k. -
~k|lgj - akc[hj;.
10 - r+ksm r~j ak|+p[ r~j - c - uksm

YeilvdfI\jhk= ijCIlc; .
ak|+p[ r~j - c - uksm YeilvdfI\jhk=
ijCIlc; ijCIlcdlgU\jsRy Lmj\yujH
seMfldk'k, ijCIlc; Tf[ domlsf
eoG\juldkduj#.
(13) …_⁄κΨ⊕Ω♠ Ω⇑ÿΞ≤Ψ⊃ΗΤς∇<∏Ψ√ †ΩΤ⇓ŸΤΩΤ,∅ςΚ… :†ΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ†ΩΤ⊇ −ΨΨΤ√Σ♠Ω⁄Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ ?⇑Ψ∨ΣΤÿ ψΠς√ ⇑Ω∨Ω …
.[@: )B+:

] ≈
" L#l|kijhk;, LisRy ycohjhk;
ijCIcj)l\eÊ; L\g; cfU rjS<PjdX)[
Si!j rl; wIhj)k' rgdlz[rj
Qgk)jsi&jgj)k'k. Ef[|[ - 13
D& HU *U H %& 5jL £G ¤? Y$& %& m"&" :
.[809" 6 ] ".

" ark<Usg#l; L#l|ki#lsf :gk;
:glPUrj#'k; , BlR LisRy ycohln'k;
clÊU; i|j)k'f[ isg ukÓ; sv$lR BlR
dHej)s/Mjgj)k'k, , akc[hj;.
ak|+p[ r~j - c - ujhk= ijCIlc; flsq

eyuk' dlgU*Xsdl!#lsf
egjeoGnaldkduj# .
1 - ak|+p[ r~j -c - su eËj Lyjukd,
LS`|; |lCjajsRy ekYfR L~[pkH
ak\hj~jsRy ekYfR L~[pk#uksm ekYfR ak|+p[
:dk'k. |lCj; DkssyCjdxjH rj'k;, DkssyCjdX
Ly~jdxjH rj'kaldk'k , Ly~jdX
TY~l|JajsRy- L - adR Tc[alTOhjsRy- L -
cÔfjdxjH seMfldk'k. - TY~l|JajsRy- L -
sRyuk;,r+ksm r~juksmuk; SaH L#l|kijsRy
gÊ iG<j)kalyldsM - LS`|\jr[ 63
iuÍldk'k , 40 iuÍ[ YeilvdfI\jr[ akÙk; ,
23 iuÍ[ YeilvdfI\jr[ SC<; r~jukaldk'k.
2- LS`|; LyJ&[ f'f[ cfUs/mk\kd,

LS`|; dHej&f[ Lrkcgj)kd , ijSglPj&f[
simjukd L#l|kijsru#lsf :sguk;
:glPj)lfjgj)kd .
3 --LS`|; ark<U , wj'[
iGÏ*xjSh)u)s/M Yeilvdrldk'k.
LS`|s\ ejReËH t#liG)k;
rjG^r[Paldk'k.

] ≈... †[Τ⊕∼Ψ∧Ω– ¬Σ|∼ς√ΜΞ… ϑðΨ/≅… ΣΣ♠Ω⁄ ΨΠ⇓ΜΞ… 〉♣†Πς⇒√≅… †ΩΘΣΤÿΚς†Η;ΤΤΩΤÿ ΣΤ∈ …
.[: )RO<
eyukd , ark<USg , fJG&uluk; BlR
rj*xjShs)#lak= L#l|kijsRy pofrldk'k. --
LL[ylE[ - 158 -
4 - LS`|\jsRy gjclh\jH ijCIcj)kd .

LS`|; SYC<[mrk; ,Liclr Yeilvdrkaldk'k.
)KEG<
] ≈... Ω⇑
% ΓϑγΤΤ∼Ψ‰Πς⇒√≅… ðψΩΤZ†ΩΩ ϑðΨ/≅… ðΣ♠ΩΘ⁄ ⇑Ψ∇ΗΤς√Ω... …
.[S:
" esÊ , LS`|; L#l|kijsRy pofrk; ,
YeilvdØlgjH Liclrs\ :xkaldk'k .
L|[cl~[ - 40 -
ega dlgknjdsRy doMkdlgrldk'k, :p;

cÔfjdxksm Srflik;, a|\lu CElL\jsRy
KmacFrk; ,cIGÏ\jsh K'fepijulu
icJhuksm KmacFrk;, ilz[p\
fmld\jsRyKmacFrk;, LS`|\jsRy cakplu;
K\a cakpluikaldk'k .
.[S: )%O P
] ≈... Ξ♣†Πς⇒Ψ∏√ πŒΩ–Ξ≤πΤΤΡΚ… ]◊ΤΤΠς∨ΡΚ… Ω⁄κΤΩ ⌠¬Σ,⇒Ρ …
" ark<Ui;C\jrkSi!j g;z\ksdl![

igs/M K\a cakplu aldk'k rj*X " ,
:hk T;ylR - 110
cIGÏilcjdxjH domkfhk;. ak|+p[ r~j -c
- uksm cakplualdk'k, LS`|\jsRy gjclh\[
akR dqjÉ t#l gjclh\kdsxuk;
5 -- L#l|k LS`|s\ iUd[falu

Lmulx*Xsdl!k; , a|\lu
p{<[mlÔ*Xsdl!k; Cd[fs/mk\jujgj)k'k ,
Lf[ alË fjgk\hkdxjH rjs'#l; c;gÊj)s/M
ijCkÓDkG:rldk'k.
…ΩϒΗΤΩ∑ ΞπΤΤ‘Ψ∧ΨŠ Ν…ΣΤZ<Κ†ΩΤÿ ⇐Κς… υϖς∏Ω∅ ΘΣ⇑Ψ•<√≅…Ω 〉♦⇓‚ΞΜ≅… γŒΩ⊕Ω∧ΩΤ,–≅… Ξ⇑ΜΞΠς√ ΣΤ∈ …
≈ (88) …_⁄κΞςℵ≡ ω×⊕Ω‰Ψ√ ⌠¬Σ〉∝⊕ΩΤŠ φ†ς ⌠Τς√Ω −ΨΨπ∏‘Ψ∧ΨŠ Ω⇐ΣΤZΚ<†Ωÿ ‚Ω" γ⇐…ƒ
∫⌠≤ΤΣ⊆<√≅…
.[: )>(

]
_r~jsu - eyukd TO DkG:R
Selhk=sfl'k sdl!kigk'fjrluj ark<Ugk;
wj'kdxk; Qgkaj&[ domjulhk;, fJG&uluk;
Lf[Selshsul'[ LiG sdl!kigjduj#, LigjH
vjhG vjhG)[ ejÔkn rHdk'flulH Selhk; .
Tc[ylL[ - 88,
)b
] ≈ (9) Ω⇐Ρℵ≠Ψ⊃ΗΤΤΩ™ς√ ΙΣΩΤ√ †ΠςΤ⇓ΜΞ…Ω Ω≤Τ{ΠΨϒ√≅… †ΩΤ⇒<√ΘΩ∞ΩΤ⇓ Σ⇑™Ω⇓ †ΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ… …
.[:
" fJG&uluk;, rlaln[ : KHS~lPr;
Lifgj/j&f[, fJG&uluk; rl; Lfjsr dl\k
coÊj)k'fkaln[. -|jw[y[- 9 -
6 -- ak|+p[ r~j - c - fsRy gjclh\[

eoG\Jdgj&jMk!'[ ijCIcj)kd, Lf[Selsh
Lalr\[ t\j&k , cakplus\ KeSpCj&k .
fsRy cakplus\ KeSpCj)l\ Qgk rØukaj# ,
LfjSh)[ wr*sx :d{<[mgl)kduk; svu[fk ,
fsRy cakplus\ fl)Jf[ rHdj ijSglPj)l\
Qgk fjØukaj# ,
}°ÿΞ≤Ωš ψΠΡ,Ψ⇒Ω∅†Ω∨ Ψ∼ς∏Ω∅ ε∞ÿΞ∞Ω∅ ⌠¬Σ|Ψ♥Σ⊃⇓Κς… ⌠⇑ΨΘ∨ χΣ♠Ω⁄ ⌠¬Σ{∫ƒ:†Ω– ŸΩ⊆ς√ …
.[: )
+
] ≈ (128) χψ∼ΨšΘΩ⁄ χ∩Σ∫Ω⁄ φκΨ⇒Ψ∨Σ∧<√≅†ΨŠ ¬Σ|∼ς∏Ω∅
fJG&uluk; rj*X)jfl rj*xjH rj'[
fs'uk= Qgk pofR i'jgj)k'k, rj*X
d<[ms/mk'f[ c|j)lR dqjul\irk;, rj*xksm
dlgU\jH LfJi fHegUak=irk;,
cfUijCIlcjdSxlm[ LfUÔ; pulhkik;
dlgknUilrkaln[ LS`|;. -- fO~ - 128 -
5 %& *20O VG %/ HU o0 "& d *T c; !" "" :
6 ] ".8 *0T " 7 !" *+"& s\ )8 *0T " 43 w0O *+"&
.[809"
r~j - c - eyÉk. trj)[ akÙ[ Qgk
Yeilvdsruk; cIcakplu\jSh)u&jMj#, LiG)[
eAj/j&[ sdlmk\ fjØsu sflM[ cIcakplus\
fl)Jf[ rHdlsfuk; , rØsu sflM[
KeSpCj)lsfuk;. akc[hj; -
7 -- ak|+p[ r~j -c - su Scr|j)kd .

t#l c{<[mjdsx)lxk; cIÔS\)lxk; r~j -c -
su Scr|j)kd , LS`|s\ a|fIs/mk\kduk;,
~|kalrj)kduk; ,alrj)kduk;, Lrkcgj)kduk;,
sv$kd , Tfldk'k YeilvdSrlmk= dmauluj
L#l|k LisRy djfl~jhosm rjG^r[Pal)juf[,
fJG&uluk; LS`|\jSrlmk= Scr|;
L#l|kijSrlmk= Scr|aldk'k , LS`|\
Lrkcgj)H L#l|kijSrlmk=
Lrkcgnaldk'k.
.[@: )%O P

] ≈ (31) χψ∼ΨšΘΩ⁄ χ⁄Σ⊃ΩΤ∅ Σϑð/≅…Ω πψ
" r~jsu - eyukd , L#l|ksi
Scr|j)k'k!(jH ts' rj*X ekÔkmgkd,
t(jH L#l|k rj*sx Scr|j)kduk;
rj*xksm ele*X selyk\kfgjduk;
sv$k'fln[. L#l|k ]sy selyk)k'irk; ,
dgknlrjPjukasYf - :hkT;ylR - 31
65 65 !" *2U [G& %
/& £G 8/5G& !"# H" : *

.[*20O N:+"] "FT& ¤?
" r~j - c - eyÉk " rj*X :gk;
ijCIlcjdxlikduj#, wr*sx akqkiSr)lxk;,
cÔlr*sx)lxk;,
alflejfl)sx)lxk;,cIÔS\)lxk; ts'
Scr|j)l\f[isg . ~k|lgj - akc[hj; .
8 -- r~j - c - uksm SegjH cIhl\k;,

chlak; LPjdgj/j)kd. fJG&uluk; ejCk)R
tsRy Seg[ SdX)kSÙlX cIhl\[
sv#l\irldk'k.
Ν…Σ⇒ΤΩ∨…ƒ∫ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… †ΩΘΣΤÿΚς†Η;ΤΤΩΤÿ 
ϑγ& Ψ‰Πς⇒√≅… ς∏Ω∅ Ω⇐ΡΠ∏ΤΩ±ΣΤÿ ΙΣΩ,ΤΩ|Μ;ΗΤςΤ∏Ω∨Ω ϑðΩ/≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… …
.[A: )KEG<

] ≈ (56) †[∧∼Ψ∏Τ♥ΩΤZ Ν…Σ∧ΠΨ∏Ω♠Ω ΨΤ∼ς∏Ω∅ Ν…ΠΡ∏Ω″
" fJG&uluk; L#l|kik;, LisRy
ah)kdxk;, r~jSulm[ dlgknU; dlnj)k'k,
cfUijCIcjdsx rj*X LS`|\jsRy SaH -
L#l|kijsRy - dlgknUik; ClÔjukak!ldkilR
YelGÒj)kd . LL[cl~[ 56 -
6 ] ".VLO M *20O w0¥ )5G o 0O w0 !"" :
.[809"
" r~j - c - eyÉk :sg(jhk; tsRy SaH
Qgk cIhl\[ svl#julH L#l|k LisRy SaH
e\[ cIhl\[ svl#k'fldk'k - akc[hj; ,
" r~j - c - uksm SaH cIhl\[ svlS#!

cFh*X -
rac[dlg\jsh fC||kpjH , Dkro\jH , a$j\[
rac[dlg\jH , si=julq[vujsh Dkfk~ujH ,
~l(jr[ SC<;, e=jujH YeSiCj)kSÙlqk;,
eky\jy*kSÙlqk; ,, YelGÒj)kSÙlqk;,
LS`|\jsRy Seg[ SdX)kSÙlqk; fkm*ju
cFh*xjH ,
9 -- r~j - c - uk; t#lYeilvdØlgk;

L#l|kijsRyumk\[ wJij&jgj)k'k![ ,
Ck|pl)xksm wJijf\jsr)lxk;, K'fik;
eoGnikalu epijdxjH ~Gc|jH t'lH
Ligksm wJijf; >oajujhk= wJijfs\Selshu# .
LfjsRy goe; t*jsruldk'ksi'[ rak)[
Lyjukduj# , LiG agj&jMk!' ulplGÒU;
LigjH rj'[ rJ*jSeldk'j#.

& 6 ] ".>2;< Q9f& Y/i$ %& l < w0O 1G %U" :
.[o-9? QQ
r~j - c - eyÉk " L#l|k >oajsu
YeilvdØlgksm CgJg; fj'k'fjsr sflM[
ijh)jujgj)k'k. - L~o pliop[ - rclT
*20O Q & o/ oG o0O Q HU o 0O 809 809" !" "" :
.[ QQ
& 6 ] .(( 1.9
r~j - c - eyÉk " Qgk akc[hjak; tsRy SaH
cIhl\[ svl#k'j# , Li'[ chl; am)kilR
Si!j trjs)sRy yo|jsr am)jfglsf -
L~opliop[ -
10 - r~j - c - uksm D~yj'mk\[ si&k;,
wJijfdlh\[ LS`|\jrmk\[ si&k; C~[p;
sel)lsf :pgj)kd .
‚Ω"Ω ϑγΨ‰Πς⇒√≅… γ‹Ω″ ð⊄ΩΤ⊇ ¬Ρ∇ΩΤZ.Ω″ςΚ… Ν…;Σ⊕ΩΤ⊇⌠≤ΩΤZ ‚Ω" Ν…Σ⇒Ω∨…ƒ∫ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… †ΩΘΣΤÿΚς†Η;ΤΤΩÿ …
¬Ρ∇Ρ∏ΗΤΩ∧∅ςΚ… ð÷Ω‰µðš ⇐Κς… ∴×⊕Ω‰Ψ√ ¬Σ|Ψ∝⊕ΩΤŠ Ξ≤Ω•ς ΞΩ⊆<√≅†ΨŠ ΙΣς√ Ν…Σ≤Ωµð–
.[: )mb

] ≈ (2) Ω⇐Σ≤Σ⊕πΤ↑ΩΤZ ‚Ω" ψΣ,⇓Κς…Ω
" cfUijCIcjdsx , rj*xksm C~[p*X
YeilvdsRy C~[p\jsRy aJsf rj*X
KuG\gkf[, LS`|S\lm[ c;clgj)kSÙlX rj*X
LSrUlr; Q&ujmk'f[ Selsh Q&ujmkduk;
sv$gkf[ ,rj*xyjulsf fs' rj*xksm dGa*X
rjC[Ehaluj Seldlfjgj)kilR Si!j -- |kwkyl\[
- 2 -
r~j - c - su wJij&jgj)kSÙlX
cI|l~jdX - y - :pgj&f[ Selsh fs'uldk'k
agj&fjr[ SC<ik; LS`|s\ :pgjS)!f[ .
dlgn; cI|l~jdX r~j - c - su
:pgj)k'fjhk; , ejReËk'fjhk; ixsguPjd;
YCÓlhk)xlujgk'k, r~j - c - su
Pj)gj)k'fjsr sflM[ LiG ixsg
ijpogikaldk'k.
11 - LS`|\jsRy cI|l~l djylajsruk;,

dkmk;~)lsguk;, >lgUalsguk; Scr|j)kd .
Lisgsu#lisguk; ejReËkduk;, Q'ksdl!k;
Lisg :SÊej)kdSul, vJ\eyukdSul,dky&[
dlnj)kdSul sv$lfjgj)kd, dlgn; L#l|k
Lisg f{e[fjs/mkduk;, r~j - c - Sulm/;
c|icj)kilR fjsgsÉmk)kduk;, Lisg
ejReËH rjG^r[Pal)kduk; svu[fjgj)k'k. .
Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅…Ω Ψ⁄†Ω±⇓ΚΚς‚≅…Ω Ω⇑ÿΞ≤Ψ•ΗΤΩΣ∧<√≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ Ω⇐Ρ√ΠςΚς‚≅… φΣΤ⊆Ψ‰ΗΤϑð♥√≅…Ω …
)
+
] ≈... ΣΤΤ⇒Ω∅ Ν…Σ∂Ω⁄Ω ⌠¬Σ⇒Ω∅ ϑðΣ/≅… 
ƒ Ψ∂Πς⁄ ω⇑ΗΤΩ♥šΜΞ†ΨŠ ¬Σ∑Σ⊕ΩΤ‰ΠςΤZ≅…
.[SS:
ak|lwjykdxjH rj'k;, LRclykdxjH rj'k;,
:pUaluj akS'lMki'igk; , ckd{f; svu[f[
sdl![ Lisg ejÔkmG'igk; , :Sgl Lisg eËj
L#l|k c;f{e[fgldk'k, Lisr eËj Ligk;
c;f{e[fgldk'k . fO~ - 100
Y" 8/5G& N:;&
652 o9:; rs
_ )¦z&
9$ H" :
.[r 6 ] ".*:2Z; H 8C5G& 5" §0 " VCn 5G&
r~j - c - eyÉk - rj*X tsRy
cI|l~jdsx vJ\eyugkf[ , tsRy :f[ali[
:gksm d$jhlSnl LiR fs' uln[ cfU;
rj*X K|[p[ ahSulx; cIGÑ; vjhiqj&lhk;
LiG vjhiqj& Qgk ak`[ vjhiqj&fjr[ fk#USal ,
Lfjr[ edkfjSul :dkduj# , ~k|lgj -
LiG)[ SC<; igk'iSglm[ LiG)[ Si!j
eleSalvr; Sfmkilrk; ,LiSglm[ siyk/[
iglfjgj)kilR Si!j L#l|kijSrlm[
YelGÒj)kduk; sv$kd.
†φΤΤΤ⇒ς√ ⌠≤ΤΨ⊃<∅≅… †ΩΤ⇒ΘΩΤŠΩ⁄ φΡ√Σ⊆ΩΤÿ ⌠¬Ψ∑ΨŸ⊕ΩΤŠ =⇑Ψ∨ Σ∫:†Ω– φ⇔ΤÿΨϒΠς√≅…Ω …
⊥ν„Ψ∅ †Ω⇒ΨΤŠΣΤ∏ΣΤ∈ ℑ Ω⊕ðµ– ‚Ω"Ω Ξ⇑ΗΤΩ∧ÿ‚ΞΜ≅†ΨŠ †ΩΤ⇓Σ⊆Ω‰Ω♠ φ⇔ΤÿΨϒΠς√≅… †Ω⇒ΨΤ⇓ΩΗΤ‚ΜΞγ"Ω
.[S: )Lb

] ≈ (10) ε¬∼ΨšΘΩ⁄ χ∩Σ∫Ω⁄ ð∠Πς⇓ΜΞ… :†Ω⇒ΘΩΤŠΩ⁄ Ν…Σ⇒Ω∨…ƒ∫ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς∏ΠΨ√
" Ligksm SC<; i'iG)k; , LiG eyuk; ,
B*xksm gÊjflSi , B*X)k;,
cfUijCIlcS\lsm B*X)[ akÙ[
dqjÉkSelujMk= B*xksm cS|lpg*X)k; rJ
selyk\k fSgnSa ., cfUijCIc; cIJdgj&iSglm[
B*xksm arÍkdxjH rJ Qgk ijSpI<ik;
K!l)gkSf, B*xksm gÊjflSi fJG&uluk; rJ
]sy puuk=irk; dgknlrjPjukaldk'k, -- |C[y[
- 10 -
12 -- r~j - c - su ~|kalrj)k'fjH Lfjg[

dijulfjgj)kd , dlgn; Lf[ r~j - c - su
KeYpij)hldk'k. fs' ekdq[\k'fjhk;,
:pgj)hjhk; Lfjg[ dijugksf'k; Yefleilrk;,
aS|l'rk alu L#l|k LS`|\jr[ rHdju
cFrS\)lX KuG\k'fjsruk;
sflM[ r~j - c - fsRy cakplus\ fl)Jf[
rHdjujMk![ .
I
_ D
T_$ %& [G& H )*
5O

_ 5O ;& U" :
6 ] ".a" ! ] Z? m`& / Dx$ H" : ".¨©"
.[ r
r~j - c - eyÉk Blsrlgk Lmjauldk'k, rj
eyuo L#l|kijsRy Lmjauk;, Yeilvdrkaln'[ ,
tsRy cFlrS\)lxk; ts' KuG\kilR elmj#
.-- TOcl r~jsu :glPUic[fkil)ju Selsh
rj*X ts' :glPUic[fkil)gkSf ,-- ~k|lgj
LS`|\jsRy D~yjsr fIilE[

sv$kilSrl , LS`|\jSrlm[ YelGÒj)kilSrl
,icJh SfmkilSrl , LS`|\jr[
SrG&uldkilSrl , ~hjuGej)kilSrl , elmj# ,
Tsf#l; fs' CjG)ldk'k. :glPrdxksm
ulsfl'k; aËlG)k; LG/j)kilR elmj# .
Tf[ Selshuldk'k Tfjs'fjgjH Yeilvdsr

~|kalrj)lfjgj)kdsul , dky&[ dlnj)kdSul,
rjÕj)kdsul , dxjul)kdsul sv$H
Tc[hlajH rj'[ eky\[ Seldhldk'k, .
LijCIlcikaldk'k.
‚Ω" (65) φΣ∫Ξ∞ΩΤ,♥ΩΤZ ψΣ,⇒Ρ −ΨΨΤ√Σ♠Ω⁄Ω −ΨΨ,ΗΩΤΤÿ…ƒ∫Ω ΨΠς∏√≅†ΨŠΚς… ΣΤ∈ ... …
.[A ) AA : )
+
] ≈ ...ψ
& Ρ∇Ψ⇒ΗΤΩ∧ÿΞΜ… ΩŸ⊕ΩΤŠ ¬ΣZπ≤ΤΩ⊃ς ŸΩΤ∈ Ν…Σ⁄ΨϒΩ,πΤ⊕ΩΤZ
" eyukd L#l|ksiuk;, LisRy
p{<[mlÔl*sxuk;, LisRy YeilvdrkukalSnl ,
rj*X egj|cj&[ sdl!jgj)k'f[ -- rj*X Qqji[
dqjsil'k; eySu! , ijCIcj&fjr[ SC<; rj*X
LijCIcj&[ dqjÉjgj)k'k. -- fO~ --65--66
t'lH r~jsu cSr|jS)! uplGÒgoe;

LS`|\jsRy alGÏ\jSrlm[ tfjgldk'fjsr
KSeÊj)hk;, LS`|\jsRy vgUsu ejReËhk;,
LS`|s\ LrkPlir; sv$hkaldk'k.
.[@: )%O P

] ≈ (31) χψ∼ΨšΘΩ⁄ χ⁄Σ⊃ΩΤ∅ Σϑð/≅…Ω πψ
" r~jsu - eyukd , L#l|ksi
Scr|j)k'k!(jH ts' rj*X ekÔkmgkd,
t(jH
L#l|k rj*sx Scr|j)kduk; rj*xksm
ele*X selyk\kfgjduk; sv$k'fln[. L#l|k
]syselyk)k'irk; , dgknlrjPjukasYf -
:hkT;ylR - 31
ycoH - c - su :pgj)k'fjH Lfjg[

dijulSrl , rjÍlgal)lSrl elmj# . LS`|\jr[
sspi\jsRy cI>li*Xsdl![ ijSC<j/j)kilR
elmj# .LS`|\jsr Scr|j)k'fjsRyuk; ,
~|kalrj)k'fjsRyuk; uplGÒ egjPjujH rj'k;
dky)kilR elmj# , Lf[ ixsg iUd[falufaln[,
LS`|; dlnj&[ f' alGÏ\jH Cy|jH eyÉ
goe\jH cÖgj)kduk; , Lrkplir;
sv$kdukaldk'k Lf[ .
13 -- YeilvdR - c -sdl![i'fjsr cfU

s/mk\lsf Qglxksmuk; ijCIlc; eoG\julikduj#.
Lfldk'k LS`|\jr[ dJq[s/mk'fjsRy :Cu;
, LS`|s\ Lrkcgj)H L#l|kijsr
Lrkcgj)hldk'k , LS`|s\ Pj)gj)H
L#l|kijsr Pj)gj)hldk'k, LS`|s\
cfUs/mk\hk; , ejReËhk; ulplGÒUal)julH
LS`|\jhk= ijCIlc; ulplGÒUaldk'k .
LÖ[
Liclr rlxjhk=
ijCIlc;
1 -- Liclr rlxjhk= ijCIlc;

Tf[ TO Shld wJijf\jsRy Liclr\jhk;
, Tfjr[ SC<; asËlgk wJijf\jsRy
fkm)\jhkak= ijCIlcikaldk'k . agnS\lmkdomj
~GcDlu wjijf\jr[ fkm); dkyj)k'ksi'k; ,
Liclr rlX c;>ij&fjr[ SC<;
ekrGwJijf\jhk; ,fkmG'[ a|[CyujH Qgkaj&[
doMhk; ,cIGÏ\jShS)l , rgd\jShS)l
wr*sx YeSiCj/j)kilrk= ijvlgn sv$H
fkm*jufjhk= ijCIlcikaldk'k.
Liclr rlxjhk= ijCIlc; ijCIlc
dlgU*xjH seM Qgk dlgUaldk'k. Qgmjauksm
ijCIlc; Tf[ domlsf eoG\juldkduj#
.:sg(jhk; Lf[ rjS<Pj&lH LiR
LijCIlcjuluj ,
)
] ≈... Ξ≤Ψ›‚"≅… Ψζ⌠ΤΩ∼<√≅…Ω Ψϑð/≅†ΨŠ Ω⇑Ω∨…ƒ∫ ⌠⇑Ω∨ ΘΩ⁄Ψι<√≅… ΘΩ⇑Ψ∇ΗΤς√Ω ... …
.[:
t'lH L#l|kijhk; LÔ{pjr\jhk;
ijCIcj)k'iG)ldk'k ekn{;," éLH ~Dy 177ê
wj~[gJH - L - sRy |pJcjH r~j - c - eyÉk

.
1
2 )*0 )*+/ )*+,-." ) !"#$ %& " :=(%'()=
.[809" 6 ] ".67 643 5 !"#$ %& )3
ijCIlcsa'[ eyÉlH L#l|kijhk;
LisRy ah)kdxjhk; djfl~kdxjhk; popØlgjhk;
Dp[yjhkak= Ky& ijCIlcaldk'k akc[hj; -
Liclr rlxjhk= ijCIlc\jH seMfldk'k
r~j - c - rak)[ Lyjuj&[ f' Lmulx*xjhk;,
CG\kdxjhka= ijCIlc; .
en[!jfØlG Lmulx*sx g!luj

ij>vj&jgj)k'k ,
1 -- svyju Lmulx*X , - Tf[ Liclr
rlX Lmk\jgj)k'ksi'[ covj/j)k'k , Lf[
Plglxak![ , LfjH dksy c;>ij&[ dqjÉk Trj
domkfH c;>ij)kilrkak![ .
LfjH seMfldk'k, î ak|+p[ r~j - c -

uksm :zar; , Lalr\kdX elql)H , e=jdX
Salmjemj/j)hk;, LfjH aHcgj)hk; ,ihju ihju
KuG' sdMjm*X K!l)H , wofØlSglm[ ukÓ;
sv$hk; Lisg iPj)hk; ,dlh; vkgk*j igH ,
Swlhj dkyÉ[ igH , dkq/*X YedmaliH ,
sdlh iGÓj)H , sf+lmj\ik; iU>jvlgik;
LPjdgj)H t'ji .
.[: )
] (1)≈ Σ≤Ω∧Ω⊆<√≅… ςΠ⊂Ω↑⇓≅…Ω Σ◊Ω∅†ϑð♥√≅… ΨŒΩΤŠΩ≤ΩΤπ,Τ∈≅… …
" : - LÔU - cau; Lmk\k , vYÕR ejxgkduk;
svu[fk. " DaG - 1
2 -- ihju Lmulx*X , Tf[ Liclr
rlxjSrlmmk\[ c;>ij)k'fldk'k, Tf[
LiclrrlX fkm*j su'[ covj/j)k'k , Tf[
e\[ Lmulxaldk'k , TfjH Q'k; fs'
c;>ij&jMj# .
LfjH seMfldk'k, - a|[pj TalajsRy

:zar; ,pwwlH ekys/mH , :dlC\jH rj'[
TOcl - L - sRy Ty*j igH, dkgjC[
f&km)kdH, pwwlhjsruk;, e'jSuuk; sdl#H
t'jiuk; , Tc[hlajd CgJL\rkcgj&[ >gn;
rm\k; ,uL[wow[ ,aL[wow[ Yedmaldkduk;
LiGs)fjgjH YelGÒj&[ LiG agns/mkduk;
sv$k'k,, ao'[ Yz|n*X ~lPj)k'k ,Lf[
djq)jhk;, emjÉlyjhk; QlSgl'k;, wcJy\kH
LSy~UujH Q'kaldk'k , ekd ekys/mH ,-- Lf[
wr*sx aomkduk; Lr[Pgkal)k' >u(galu Qgk
ekd :dlC\jH rj'[ ekys/mH --, >oajujH rj'[
:dlC\jSh)[ ijCkÓ DkG:rjsr KuG\H ,
cogUR Lc[fau cFlr\[ rj'[ Kpj)H ,
pl^\jsRy - ijvjYf wJij - ekys/mH , wr*sx
ClajSh)[ sfxj&[ sdl![ Sekdk' >u(galu Qgk
fJ uarjsh ]prjH rj'k; ekys/mH -- Tf[
Liclrs\ Lmulxaldk'k.--
g0` : =*?O o – r :~ 52& ! :sG !O 809" ]
: . O9 /s; :
"p%/s$ " " :_ /s+; !ª c?
)f5 )%35 :/s_ .mP LO j0 $ £G 1
$ ! «U"
)
fi )a" ! w92O E; )M~" !" L ¬
0` ) 5
E 93 )K~k 93 )ILk 93 :R
93 e.e
6 ] ".8CL} U ¤? Qx$ !2 !" ® ; hn 3P )KT
.[809"
Ksscp[ ~[rk |Elgj - y - ijsr sflM[ akc[hj;
yjS/lGM[ sv$k'k, B*X egc[eg; vG& svu[f[
sdl!jgj)kSÙlX r~j - c - B*xjSh)[ dm'[
i'k , Svlpj&k rj*X tÔldk'k vG&
sv$k'f[ ? LS/lX LiG eyÉk B*X
Liclr rlxjsr c;~r[Pj&[ vG&
sv$kduln'[ eyÉk , LS/lX eyÉk , Lf[
e\[ Lmulx; dlns/mlsf c;>ij)kduj# ,
t'jM[ eyÉk .. ekd ekys/mH , pwwlH , pl^\[
- ijvjYf wJij - cogUR Lc[fau cFlr\[ rj'[
Kpj)H , ay[uajsRy ekYfR TOcl L - sRy
Ty*j igH , ao'[ Yz|n*X ~lPj)k'k ,Lf[
djq)jhk;, emjÉlyjhk; QlSgl'k;, wcJy\kH
LSy~UujH Q'kaldk'k , uarjH rj'[ wr*sx
Lisg Qgkaj&[ doMk' cFhS\)[ :MjSulmj)k'
Qgk fJ ekys/mH . akc[hj; .
l < ® )2~ *29 )r5jk ¨"& 3P d ¯" :
)VT ±2T ) "< 8uT$ ) 27k ,$ )VGz k oxT )°;
،.[ { 5+9k d 8/b 6 ] ."VG ²T )V2; &
r~j - c - eyÉk " tsRy cakplu\jH
Liclraluj a|[pj Tal; ekys/mk'k ,
LS`|\jr[ L#l|k aq iG<j/j&[ sdlmk)k'k
,L*jsr >oaj LfjsRy ccUhhlfjdsx
eky\[sdl!kigk'k ,L*jsr LiG)[ r#
cÙ\[ rHdk'k , rlHdlhjdX iGÓj)k'k
,cakplu; a|fIs/mk'k , L*jsr ]Sql ,tSMl
wJij)k'k, Lfluf[ BlR KS`Cj&f[
iG<aldk'k. |ldj; fsRy akc[fpy)jH K`gj&f[
.
Qgk alhujsh ak\[ anjdX YdaJdgj&f[
Selsh TO Lmulx*X fkmsg fkmsguluj igk'k
. Q'[ sixjilulH asËl'[ Lfjsr ejRfkmgk'k
.TO Lmulx*sx#l; Yedmaluj dqjÉlH
L#l|kijsRy Lrkafj Yedlg; Liclr rlX
c;>ij)k'k .
Liclr rlX sdl![ KS`Cj)k'f[ î

L#l|kijsRy Lrkafj Yedlg; wr*X LisRy
dHer Yedlg; Ligksm D~ykdxjH rj'[
ijvlgn sv$kilR Si!j KuGs\u[S'H/j)k'k
., LigjH cO>lzUilRalG)[ rØuk; , pOG
>lzUilRalG)[ CjÊuk; h>j)k'k ,
Ω⇐Σ∝ΨΤ⊇Σÿ ξˆΣ±ΣΤ⇓ υς√ΞΜ… ¬ΣΤΠςΤ⇓ςΚ†ς †_Τ∅…Ω≤γ♠ ΨÂ…ΩŸ–Κς‚≅… Ω⇑Ψ∨ Ω⇐Σ–Σ≤µð Ω⋅Ωÿ …
.[@: ) Tk

] ≈ (43)
" Lfluf[ LiG Qgk rlM)kyjuksm Srsg
PUfjs/M[ Seldk'f[ Selsh D~[ykdxjH rj'[
P{fjujH ekys/M[ Seldk' pjic; -- a:gjw[ - 43
TO pjics\ DkG:rjH Qgkelm[ SegjH

eglaGCj&jMk![.
LfjH seMfldk'k î
1 - KujGs\qkS'He[ î
.[: ) "2
] ≈ (1) Ψ◊Ω∧ΗΤΩ∼Ψ⊆<√≅… Ψζ⌠ΤΩ∼ΨŠ Σ¬Ψ♥πΤΤΤ∈ΚΡ… :‚Ω" …
" KujGs\qkS'HejsRy rlxksdl![ Blrjfl
cfU; svu[fk eyuk'k . Djula - 1
2 - DlgjL - >u(g c;>i; -

.[ ):%+ ) O
] ≈ (2) Σ◊Ω∅Ψ⁄†Ω⊆<√≅… †Ω∨ (1) Σ◊Ω∅Ψ⁄†φΤΤΤΤ⊆<√≅… …
>u(galu : c;>i; , >u(g c;>isa'lH
tÔlsn'k rjr)yjukSal " DlgjL È 1-2
3 -- dn)k Srl)k' pjic; ,

†Ω∧ΨŠ =ΣŸÿΨŸφΤΤ→ τ‡…ΩϒΩ∅ ⌠¬ΤΣς√ ϑðΨ/≅… Ξ∼Ξ‰φΤΤ♠ ⇑Ω∅ φΠΡ∏Ψ∝ΩΤÿ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ…... …
.[A: )³
] ≈ (26) γ‡†Ω♥Ψ™<√≅… Ω⋅⌠ΤΩÿ Ν…Σ♥ΩΤΤ⇓
" L#l|kijsRy alGz\jH rj'[ sfËj
Seldk'iglSgl LiG)[ fs'uldk'k dAjralu
CjÊuk=f[ . dn)k Srl)k' pjics\ LiG
ay'k dxÉfjsRy EhasYf Lf[ . cIlp[ - 26
4 -- YefjEh\jsRy rlX È

] ≈ (15) Ξ⇑ÿΠΨŸ√≅… Ω⋅Ωÿ †ΩΩΤ⇓⌠Τς∏π±Ωÿ (14) ξψ∼Ψ™Ω– Ψ⊃ς√ Ω⁄†Πς•Σ⊃<√≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ…Ω …
.[ ) @:%+ ) x:;H

- "fJG&uluk; , ckd{filRalG ckDlrk>i\jH
fs'ulujgj)k; , fjG&uluk; , pkGalGzjdX
wIhj)k' rgdlz[rjujH fs'ulujgj)k; .
YefjEh\jsRy rlxjH LigfjH dm'[
tgjuk'fln[ - TREjfIlG - 14 -15
5 -- ihju eje\[ È
.[@: )mO?
] ≈ (34) υΩ⁄ιΡ∇<√≅… Σ◊ΘΩ∨:†ϑð≠√≅… γ‹∫ƒ:†Ω– …ς′ΜΞ†ΩΤ⊇ …
" t'lH : a|l ije\[ igk' cÕG>; . -
rlcj:f[ - 34
6 -- c;>i; È
.[: ) T

] ≈ (1) Σ◊Ω⊕Ψ∈…Ω<√≅… ΨŒΩ⊕ΩΤ∈Ω …ς′ΞΜ… …
" : c;>i; c;>ij&k dqjÉlH ." ilDjL 1
7 -- svdjmm/j)k' C~[p; È
.[@@: )O
] ≈ (33) Σ◊Πς:†ϑð±√≅… Ψ‹∫ƒ:†Ω– …Ω′ΜΞ†ΩΤ⊇ …
t'lH svdjmm/j)k' : C~[p; i'lH -
L~c - 33
8 -- aomk' c;>i; È
.[: ) 27~
] ≈ (1) Ψ◊Ω∼Ψ↑ΗΤΩ⊕<√≅… 〉³ÿΨŸΩš ð∠ΗΩΤZΚς… Ω∑ …
: aomk' c;>is\ c;~r[Pj& iG\alr;
rjr)[ i'kdjMjSul ? " zlCju - 1
9 -- uplGÒ c;>i; È
.[ ):%+ ) b
] ≈ (2) Σ◊ΠςΤ∈:†Ω™<√≅… †Ω∨ (1) Σ◊ΠςΤ∈:†Ω™<√≅… …
: uplGÒ c;>i; ? tÔln[ : uplGÒ
c;>i; ? - |lDD - 1-2
2 -- Liclr rlxjH ijCIcjS)! goe; .

Liclr rlxjH selfkiluk;, YeSfUdaluk;
ijCIcjS)!fldk'k.
selfkiluj ikCIcjS)! goe;.
" eoG%jdsguk; ,ejHdlh)lsguk; L#l|k
Qgkaj&[ doMk' Qgk ij>lzs\ cIGÏ\jSh)k; ,
asËlgk , ij>lzs\ rgd\jSh)k; Ligksm
YeiG\r*X)rkcgj&[ YeSiCj/j)k'
Qgk pjicak!'[ ijCIcj)kd .
ω⋅Ωÿ γŒΗΤΩ⊆∼Ψ∨ υς√ΞΜ… Ω⇐Σ∅Σ∧•Ω∧ς√ (49) Ω⇑ÿΞ≤Ψ›‚"≅…Ω Ω⇐κΨ√ΠςςΚ‚≅… ΥφΜΞ… ΣΤ∈ …
.[S ):%+ ) T

] ≈ (50) ω⋅ΣΤ∏⊕ΩΘ∨
rJ eyukd . fJG&uluk; , eoG%jd)lgk;,
,ejHdlh)lgk; t#l; ,rjC[vjf pjics\
dUfUalu Qgk LiPj)[ Qgjaj&[ doMs/mk'iG
fs'uldk'k. ilDjL - 49 -50-
t'lH ijCpaluj .
agn\jr[ SC<ak= c;>iijdlc*xjH

ijCpaluj ijCIcj)kd . LfjH seM vjhf[...
1 - î D~yjsh dkq/*X .
Lf[ Qgk a$j\[ ayalmjufjr[ SC<; fsRy

pJrjsr dkyj&k; ,gÊjflijsrdkyj&k; , r~j - c -
su dkyj&k; SvlpU; sv$k'k . st|jd
wJijf\jH rr[a svu[figlu cfUijCIlcjdsx
ckc[Fjgalu il)ksdl![ L#l|k Ky/j&[
rjG\k'fln[ , |pJcjH i' Yedlg;
Svlpj)kSÙlX eyuk; ,
.[*20O N:+"] ". 5} c; )1.( ²Q ) ¦ "
tsRy gÊjfli[ L#l|kildk'k, , tsRy af;
Tc[hlaldk'k , r~j ak|+p[ - c - uldk'k
.~k|lgj akc[hj; .
D~yjH si&[ g![ ah)kdX SvlpU;

sv$ksa'k; , LfjsRy goe\jhk; , ijCIlcjdxk; ,
demijCIlcjdxk; K\g; sv$k'fjsruk;
c;~r[Pj&[ ijCIcj)kd .
2 -- D~yjsh LrkYz|ik; , CjÊuk; î
D~yjsh LrkYz|\jhk; , CjÊujhk;

ijCIcj)H rjG^r[Paldk'k.Lf[ Q'kdjH
cIGz\jsh Qgk :rkYz|\jsh SflMSal ,
L#(jH rgd\jsh Qgk fJ drShl :ujgj)k; ,
egShlds\ :pUs\ iJmldk'k D~G ,
Lsg(jhk; LfjH gÊs/MlH ~l)juk=f[
Li'[ txk/aluj , Lsg(jhk; LfjH
gÊs/Mj#(jH ~l)juk=sf#l; Li'[
~kÓjakMlujgj)k; ,:sg(jhk; agj&lH Li'[
Djula\[ rlX c;>ij& k.
D~yjH CjÊuk; ,LrkYz|ik; ,CgJg\jrk;

,:f[alijrk; Q/alik'k. vjhS/lX , :f[alijr[
cIÔalik; , Lfjsh CjÊ LYdajdX)lujgj)k;.
LrkYz|; cfUijCIlcjdX)lujgj)k;
w}\jr[ ~GcDjH CjÊuk,; , LrkYz|ik;

K!ldk'k. LiR ayalmjujhk; , T#(jhk; . Trj
w}\jsr dgj&[ dxÉlhk; , ak)jdxÉlhk;
,irUa{z*xk; ,eÊjdxk; >Êj&lhk; ,Cgj D~yjsh
CjÊSul , LrkYz|*Sxl Lrk>ij)H
rjG^r[Paldk'k . î
Νϖ…ΣΤ∏Ψ ςΚ… Σ◊Ω∅†ϑð♥√≅… Σ⋅Σ⊆ΩΤZ Ω⋅⌠ΩΤÿΩ †∃ Θ⊥Τ∼Ψ↑Ω∅Ω …Θ⊥ΣŸΣ∅ †Ω∼ς∏Ω∅ φΣ∂Ω≤⊕ΣΤÿ Σ⁄†Πς⇒√≅… …
.[A: )_

] (46)≈ γ‡…ΩϒΩ⊕<√≅… ϑðŸΤΩ→Κς… φΩ∅⌠≤Ψ⊇ Ω…ƒ∫
" rgd; , glijshuk; , ssidkS'gik; , LiG
Lfjr[ akÙjH YepGCj/j)s/mk; ,. : LÔUcau;
rjhijH igk'pjic; EjGQOsRy :xkdsx ]Ëik;
dAjralu CjÊujH rj*X YeSiCj)kd . t'[
dHej)s/mk; -
KsO !" 8,T9 %& m
O5
?_5$ H %& H
0_" :
.[809" 6 ] ".
r~j -c - eyÉk . rj*X egc[eg;
D~ym)s/mk'j#lujgk'(jH D~yjsh CjÊsu
rj*X)[ SdXej)kilR Si!j L#l|kijSrlm[
BlR YelGÒj)kalujgk'k . akc[hj; -
3 -- dl|x\jH KOfH -
dl|x; sdlÙldk'k LfjH Tc[ylEJH - L -

KOfk'k .L#l|k KS`Cj)k' t#l :xkdxk;
Q'las\ KO\jr[ SCÊ; agj)k'k . g!lafluj
KOfk'sflsm pkRuli[ c{<[mj&fjr[ SC<;
Liclr rlX isguk= t#l c{<[mjdsxuk;
KujGs\u[S'Hej)k'k .
⇑Ω∨ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… Ξ≥⁄Κς‚≅… ℑ ⇑Ω∨Ω γ‹.ΩΗΤΩ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… ℑ ⇑Ω∨ Ω⊂Ψ⊕Ω±ΩΤ⊇ Ξ⁄ϑ〉±√≅… ℑ ΩœΨ⊃ΣΤ⇓Ω …

] ≈ (68) Ω⇐Σ≤〉ℵ≠⇒ΩΤÿ χ⋅†Ω∼Ψ∈ ¬Σ∑ …Ω′ΜΞ†ΩΤ⊇ υΩ≤ΚΡ… Ψ∼Ψ⊇ ΩœΨ⊃ΣΤ⇓ ΘΩ¬Ρ’ ϑðΣ/
∃ ≅… ∫ƒ:†Ω→
.[A: )"E

" dl|x\jH KOfs/mk; , LS/lX
:dlC\jhk=igk; , >oajujhk=igk; ,
vhraËiglujfJgk; , L#l|k Ks`Cj&isgqjsd ,
ej'JmfjH asËlgj)H KOfs/mk; . LS/lqfl
LiG tqkS'Ë[ Srl)k'k .
)V+2 g_ V+2 w~& HU 5G& *T9 ._
Z d ´:? " :
Q9f& *?" ^?+_ )Y¥ x *;i/ Vx" © )NT HU 5G& w H
.[809" 6 ] ".%u? 12 8C nµ_ ]3& *2_ ´:? )¤?
r~j -c - eyÉk . ejs' dl|x\jH KOfk;
LS/lX dqk\[ svgj&k; , KuG\juk;
svijdoGej&[ YCÓj&[ SdMlh#lsf :gk; Lf[
SdX)kduj# , ejs' S~lP; sdM[ iJqlsf :gk;
LiSC<j)k'j# , ejs' L#l|k vlËH aq
Ty)k'k . L*jsr >oaj ark<UsRy CgJgs\
akx/j)k'k ,ejs' dl|x\jH KOfjulH
t#ligk; KuGs\qkS'Ë[ egc[eg; Srl)kduk;
sv$k'k . akc[hj; -
4 -- ekrG wJijf; î
dl|x\jH g!laf[ KOfjulH

agj&isgsu#l; L#l|k wJij/j)k'k, L*jsr
ShldgÊjflijsRy akÙjH tqkS'Ë[ rjHdk'k ,
CgJg\jSh)[ :f[alijsr am)kilR Si!j
dl|x\jH KOfkilR L#l|k dHej&lH LiG
tqkS'Ë[ a|[CyujSh)[ PUfjs/M[ sdl![ ic[Yf;
Pgj)lsf , svgj/[ Pgj)lsf cÙoGn rz[rgluj
ekys/mk'k . SvhldGa; sv$l\igluj
,Q'kaj#lsf aodgluj sdl![ , TO rjH)H rJ![
Seldk'k , cogUR Lmk\[ igkduk; vom[
LPjdgj)kduk; sv$k'k ,L*jsr : rjHejsRy
dlAjrU; aoh; ijuG/jH aomkduk; sv$k'k ,
LigjH sÉgjulnj isguk; ,akM[ isguk; ,Lg
isguk; ,srÖ[ isguk; ,SflX isguk; , vjhsg
LfjH aomkduk; sv$k'k . Tsf#l; Ligigksm
YeiG\r*X)rkcgj&lujgj)k; rHdk'f[ .
ekrG wJijf; ~kÓjsdl!k; , Lrk>i;

sdl!k;, SgD sdl!k; cFjgs/mk'k.
t'lH SgDlegaluj
egjCkÓ DkG:rjhk; ,fjgk ck'\jhk; ixsg
iUd[falu Qgk elm[ :u\kdxjhosm Tf[
cFlej)k'k![.
.[: )! ~+
] ≈ ...ΘΩ⇑ΣΤ‘Ω⊕‰ΤΣ,ς√ ΘΨΤŠΩ⁄Ω υς∏ΩΤŠ ΣΤ∈ ... …
--r~jsu eyukd - Lsf , tsRy
gÊjflijsruln , rj*X
KuGs\qkS'Hej)s/mk; ,-- fzl~kR -- 7 -
.[S: )>2;<
] ≈... Ι&ΣΣŸ∼Ψ⊕ΠΡΤ⇓ ω⊂<∏Ω ðΘΩΚς… :†ΩΤ⇓Κ<…ΩŸΩΤŠ †Ω∧ς …
" :pUaluj c{<[mj :g;>j&f[ Selsh\s' rl;
Lf[ :g;>j)k'fln[ - LR~jul -- 104
)V+2 g_ V+2 w~& HU 5G& *T9 ._
Z d ´:? " : *

h7 ¶ Yu & )Yx *;i/ Vx" © )NT HU 5G& w H
12 8C nµ_ ]3& *2_ ´:? )¤? Q9f& ^?+_ ¶ r
.[ 809" 6 ] ".%u?
r~j -c - eyÉk . ejs' dl|x\jH
KOfk; LS/lX dqk\[ svgj&k; , KuG\juk;
svijdoGej&[ YCÓj&[ SdMlh#lsf :gk; Lf[
SdX)kduj# , ejs' S~lP; sdM[ iJqlsf :gk;
LiSC<j)k'j# , ejs' L#l|k vlËH -
L#(jH fnH - aq Ty)k'k . L*jsr >oaj
ark<UsRy CgJgs\ akx/j)k'k ,ejs'
dl|x\jH KOfjulH t#ligk; KuGs\qkS\HË[
egc[eg; Srl)kduk; sv$k'k . akc[hj; -
:†Ω∑ςΚ†Ω↑⇓ςΚ… ϖΨϒΠς√≅… †Ω∼Ψ∼µ〉š ΣΤ∈ (78) χψ∼Ψ∨Ω⁄ 
ƒ Ψ∑Ω Ω¬ΗΤðℵ≠Ψ⊕<√≅… γ™ΣΤÿ ⇑Ω∨ Ω†ΩΤ∈... …
.[ ) :%+ )

] ≈ (79) }ψ∼Ψ∏Ω∅ ∴⊂<∏Ω ΠΞΡ∇ΨΤŠ ΩΣ∑Ω ξ〈∃ ΘΩ≤Ω∨ ðΠςΚς…
t#kdX Ypij&[ Selujgjs) :gln[
Liu[)[ wJiR rHdk'f[ , eyukd :pUfin
Lisu K!l)juirlSgl LiR fs' :iu[)[
wJiR rHdk'fln[ , LiR t#lfg;
cU<[mj/jsr/Ëjuk; Lyjik=irsYf . -- ulcJR -
78 - 79 -
Lrk>i\jhosmuk= sfxjikdX î
L#l|k TO pkRulijH agj& fsRy Lmjasu
wJij/j&[ dlnj&[ sdlmk\jMk![ ,coy\[ LH
~DyujH Tfjr[ LÖ[ Kpl|gn*xk![ ,
aoclr~juksm wrfsu Ligksm agn\jr[ SC<;
L#l|k Lisg wjij/j&k , ~ro TYcluJH)lG
sdl' iUd[fj , agns\ >us/M[ sdl![ iJMjH
rj'k; QlmjuiG , Yzla\jhosm cÖgj& YeilvdR
, TY~l|j; - L - sRy eÊj t'jiuldk'k Lf[
.
t'lH ~kÓjegaluj î
1 -- L#l|kildk'k :dlC >oajdsxuk;
Lfjhk=fjsruk; :pUaluj c{<[mj&f[ , :pUaluj
c{<[mj&ir[ ejs' Lfjsr am)j c{<[mj)kilR
Qgk Yeulcikaj#.
2 -- >oaj rjGwJilicFujhlujgj)kSÙlX L#l|k

LfjH aq iG<j/j&[ LfjH wJisRy
e&/k!l)k'k LfjH dOfkdak= t#l
ccUiGÏ*xkak![ , L*jsr LfjsRy
rjGwJilicF)[ SC<; wJiR rHdlR
dqjik=i'[ ekrG wJij/j)kilrk; dqjik![ .
5 -- Qgkaj&[ doMhk; , ijvlgnuk; , YefjEh;

rHdhk; .
t#lisguk; Qgkaj&[ doMhk;
LfjSrlmrk~[Pj&k= dlgU*xjhk; ,
LigksmujmujH rJfj rm/l)hk; , c{<[mjdxksm
YeiG\r*X)rkcgj&[ YefjEh; rHdhjhk; rl;
ijCIcj)k'k .
)j,
] ≈ (47) …_ŸΩšςΚ… ⌠¬Σ⇒Ψ∨ ⁄Ψ †Ω⊕ΣΤ⇓ ⌠¬ς∏ΩΤ⊇ ⌠¬ΣΗΤΩΤ⇓⌠≤Ω↑ΩšΩ... …
.[:
" fkmG'[ LigjH rj'[ - ark<UgjH rj'[ -
Qglsxuk; ijMkdxulsf rl; Lisg Qgkaj&[
doMkduk; sv$k' pjic; " -- LHd|[E[ -- 47 -
(19) Ω∼Ψ‰ΗΤΩΤ,Ψ Ν…Σ∫Ω≤<∈≅… Σ⋅Σ:†Ω∑ ΣΣ⊆Ω∼ΩΤ⊇ −ΨΨ⇒∼Ψ∧Ω∼ΨŠ ΙΣΩ‰ΗΤΩΤ,Ψ 
ƒ ΨΤZΡΚ… ⌠⇑Ω∨ †ΘΩ∨ςΚ†ΩΤ⊇ …

] ≈ (21) ξ◊Ω∼Ψ∂…ΩΘ⁄ ξ◊Ω∼Ψ∅ ℑ ΩΣΩΤ⊇ (20) Ω∼ΨŠ†Ω♥Ψš ∴⊂ðΗΤΤ∏Σ∨ ΤΠΨΤ⇓ςΚ… 〉Œ⇒ΩΤ⇒ςℵ≡ ΨΠΤ⇓ΜΞ…
.[=:m ) b
" t'lH ihfk d$jH fsRy SgD
rHds/MiG , Tfl tsRy Yzr[F; iluj&jSrl)o
-
fJG&uluk; BlR ijvlgj&jgk'k , BlR
ijvlgnsu SrgjSm!j igksa'[ , LfjrlH LiR
f{efjdgalu wJijf\jhldk'k. - |lD[D - 19 -21
-
Ω∼Ψ‰ΗΤΩΤ,Ψ ð‹ΡΚ… ψς√ Ψ⇒Ω,ΤΤ∼ς∏ΗΤΤΩÿ ΣΣ⊆Ω∼ΩΤ⊇ −ΨΨ√†Ω∧Ψ↑ΨŠ ΙΣΩ‰ΗΤΩΤ,Ψ 

ƒ ΨΤZΡΚ… ⌠⇑Ω∨ †ΘΩ∨Κς…Ω …
.[A ) :%+ ) b

] ≈ (26) Ω∼ΨŠ†Ω♥Ψš †Ω∨ Ξ⁄ ςΚ… ψς√Ω (25)
" t'lH Tmfk d$jH fsRy SgD

rHds/MirldsM TYedlg; eyuk'fln[ , |l ,à
tsRy Yzr[F; trj)k rHds/mlfjgk'(jH ,
tsRy ijvlgn tÔln'[ BlR
Lyjulfjgk'(jH - tYf r'lujgk'k .- |lD[D -
25 -26 -
t'lH Qgk aj&[ doMH , wr*sx Lisg

ijvlgnsv$kilR Si!j Qgk cFh\[ Qgkaj&k
doMk'k. ekrGwjijfik;, Qgkaj&[ doMhk; f+jhk=
iUfUlc; ekrG wjij/j)H CgJg\jSh)[
:f[alijsr am)hldk'k , Qgkaj&[ doMH T*sr
Qgkaj&[ doMju :xkdsx ijvlgn cFhS\)[
Qgkaj&[ doMhldk'k .
ijvlgnuk; , YefjEh; rHdhk; î
K'frk; , a|lrkalu L#l|k fsRy

c{<[mjdxksm akÙjH cfU; cFlej)kduk; ,
f*X YeiG\j& YeiG\r*sx dkyj&[ Lisg
LyJ&k sdlmk)kduk; sv$k'k , egShld\[
L#l|kijsRy ijM[ iJq[vsu dkyj&k; , TO
Shld\[ LiG)[ Lyjulfjgk' L#l|kijsRy
dlgknUS\dkyj&k; Lyjuk' goe\jH
L#l|kijsRy LrkYz|; Lisg LyJ)k'
goe\jH L#l|k coÊ[alhk)xlu
cfUijCIlcjdsx ijvlgnsv$k'k .Ligksm
ijCIlc*X)rkcgj&[ Lisg Qgkaj&[ doMkduk; ,
ah)kdX Lisg cIJdgj)kduk; , cIGzs\
dkyj&k= cSÔl<ilG\ Lyjuj)kduk; sv$k'k
,>Jdgalu TO pjic\jsh >ulrdfujH rj'k;
,Yeulc\jH rj'k; LiG)[ rjG>ufI;
h>j)kduk; sv$k'k., Ligksm akD;
cSÔl<ilG\ulH LS'pjic; sixk)kduk;
,YeSCl>jfaldkduk; sv$k'k.
t'lH ejÔjgjÉ[ dxil)juiG t#l
svykfk; ihkfkalu sfËkdX)[ ixsg Yeulcik;,
LfjcoÊ[aikalu ijvlgn Srgjmk'k . LiG
dxil)jufjrk; ,LiG YeiG\j&fjrk; CjÊuluj
ixsg rjÕUgluj egShld\[ akD; dk\j
ihj&jq)k'k .
egShld\[ :pUaluj ijvlgn Srgjmk'f[

ak|+p[ r~j - c - uksm cakplualik'k ,
LigjH 70000 :xkdX Ligksm fO|Jp[
eoG\juluf[sdl![ Qgkijvlgnuk;, CjÊuk;
domlsf cIGz\jH YeSiCj)k'k . Lisguln[
r~j - c - Qgk |pJcjH ijigj)k'f[ .
".%
0/
+ 8j¶ w0O )%4x+ H )%
+, H )%
+9 H"
LiG eÊj YeC[r; Srl)lsf , vomkejmj)lsf ,
Kyk)[ aYÔ*sxl'k; sv$lsf L#l|kijH alYf;
- >gSaHej)k'igldk'k LiG -
TigjH a|lrlu cI|l~j K)lC ~[rk

ak|[cjR - y - LigjH seMigldk'k .
L#l|kijH Lmja)k= ~lPUfujH :pUaluj

ijvlgn sv$k'f[ rac[dlgs\
c;~r[Pj&ldk'k , wr*X)jmujH :pUaluj
ijvlgn sv$k'f[ gd[f svlgj&jhjsRy
dlgU\jhldk'k.
6 -- fmld; î
ak|+p[ r~j - c - uksm fmld\jH rl;
ijCIcj)k'k ,Lf[ ihju fmldik; alrUalu
Kyijmikaldk'k . Lf[ cIGzJu elrJualu
dOcyjH rj'k; , egShld ssaflr\jsRy LË;
isg rJ!k djm)k'k . ak|+p[ r~j - c - uksm
cakplu\jsh cfUijCIlcjdX LfjH rj'[
dkmj/j)s/mk'fln[ .
LfjsRy ijSC<n\jH seMfln[ î
elhjSr)lX sixk\fk; ,aÉjSr)lX

fnk\fk; , SfrjSr)lX alPkgUak=fk; ,
dc[fogjSu)lX ckzr[Pak=fkaldk'k . Lf[
LfjsRy rJx\jhk; ,iJfjujhk; ixsg
ijClhfuk=fldk'k , Qgk elGCI\jH rj'[
asËlgk elGC\jSh)k= pog; Qgk alcs\
pogaldk'k ,LfjH cIGz\jH rj'[ g![ Kyijm;
LfjSh)[ t\jS&gk'k ., Lfjsh d/[dxksm
tÑ; :dlC rÊYf*xksmuYfuk; igk'fln[ ,
LfjH rj'k; :sg(jhk; dkmj&lH ej'Jsmlgj)hk;
Li'[ pl|j)kduj# .
[2`& *\ )·0 !" ¸2 & 6¹" )j7 49" o
G" : c?
".V5 & iu ._ *?" K7 !" )>9 1
?/ *;E2/ )h9k !"
.[r 6 ]
r~j -c - eyÉk î tsRy fmld; Qgk
alcs\ pogaldk'k , Lfjsh si=; elhjSr)lX
sixk\fk; dc[fogjSu)lX ckzr[Pak=fkaldk'k
, Lfjsh d/[dxksm tÑ; :dlC
rÊYf*xksmuYfuk; igk'ffln[ ,LfjH rj'k;
:sg(jhk; dkmj&lH ej'Jsmlgj)hk; Li'[
pl|j)kduj# . ~k|lgj .
7 -- CkelG< - CElL\[ -
wr*xksm : tmS*ylu rjH)H L*jsr
rJ![ SeldkSÙlX Lfjsh >JdgfujH rj'k; ,
~kÓjakMjH rj'k; gÊs/mkilR Si!j Ligksm
gÊjflijsRyumk\[ CElL\jr[ Si!j LiG)[
Sfl'j&[ sdlmk)k'k .akRdm'fk; , iglR
Seldk'fkalu t#lele*xk; seyk)s/M
Liclr YeilvdR r+ksm r~j ak|+p[ - c -
ujSh)[ dlgU; t\k'goe\jH p{@arc[dglu
YeilvdØlG QqjÉ[ alyk'k . eOglnjdgk; ,
ejRzlajdxk; LS`|\jr[ Si!j YelGÒj&
cfkfUG|alu cFlr\[ rjHdk'k ,LS`|\jsRy
a|\lu cFlrik; ,K'f epijuk; Lijsm
Yedmalik'k ,L*jsr LS`|; L#l|kijsRy
cj;|lcr\jr[ vkiMjH ckwop[ sv$kduk;
L#l|k LS`|\jr[ Sfl'j/j&[ sdlmk)k'
fc[~j|kdxk; , f|[hJhkdxk; svu[ffjr[ SC<;
c{<[mjdX)[ Si!j LiG Lds/M ~kÓjakMjH
rj'k; , arîSÜC\jH rj'k; gÊs/mkilR Si!j
LiG)[ clPj)l\ dlgU\jH LS`|\jr[
CElL\[ sv$kilR Lrkilp; rHdk'k .
)%n< Z; IT §0 £G "2 1

;5$ L %U" :
5zq w92T w
q 82C µ 1Qº
e~+ )hs/ 8C ?2_
sv"
2_ )K 0» s3i £G oL2_ )N0J F w 2 g:L2_ )
.[r 6 ] ".8j0/ gX YC& 65\ VQ
} V"" *T
r~j -c - eyÉk egShld\[ svijuksm
edkfj isg ijuG/jH ak*k'f[ isg cogUR
Lmk)k'k , LiG L*jsr rjHS) :p; - L -
Srlm[ CElL\[ Svlpj)k'k , ej'Jm[
TY~l|JajSrlmk; - L - ejs' aoclSulmk; - L -
fkmG'[ TOcl - L - Srlmk; SC<; ak|+p[ - c
- Sulmk; , L*jsr LS`|; c{<[mjdX)jmujH
ijPjdHej)kilR Si!j CkelG< rm\k'k ,
LS`|; ilfjhjsRy iMdÑj tmk)k'f[ isg
rm)k'k ,L*jsr t#l wr*xk; LS`|\jr[
Si!j YelGÒj&jgk' cfkfUG|alu cFlrS\)[
L#l|k LS`|s\ rjSulzj)k'k .
Tf[ ak|+p[ - c - )[ alYf; YeSfUdalu

ihju CElL\ldk'k ,SiSyuk; CElL\kdX
ak|+p[ - c - )k![ . LfjH seMf[ î
1 -- ak|+p[ - c - cIGzlidlCjdX)[ cIGz\jH

YeSiCj/j)kilR Si!j sv$k' CElL\[ ,
Lfjrk= sfxji[
p^;& !" %J
2_ )B+:+_ "2 1
?X K P" : *

.[809" 6 ] ".h0 5G< B+_& H m"& h
2_ )5}
i_
r~j -c - eyÉk îcIGz\jsRy ilfjH
sdl!kigjduk; Blrf[ fky)kilR Si!j
:iCUs/mkSÙlX dliHdlgR Svlpj)k'k rJ
:gldk'k ? LS/lX BlR ak|+pldk'k si'[
eyus/mk'k , LS/lX eyus/mk'k rjr)[ fky'k
fgkilR Si!j BlR dHej)s/Mjgj)k'k ,
rjr)[ akÙ[ aËlG)k; BlR dHej)s/MjMj# . "
akc[hj; -
2 --rØuk; fjØuk; caaluisg cIGz\jH

YeSiCj/j)kilR Si!j sv$k' CkelG< , Tf[
vjh en[!jfØlG eyÉfldk'k ,iUd[falu
|pJc[ r~j -c - ujH rjS'l aËk=igjH rjS'l
i'jMj#
3 -- rgd\jH dmS)!ulxkdsx LfjH

YeSiCj/j)lfjgj)kilrk= CEL\[ , Lfjrk=
sfxji[
.[QQ
& 6 ] ".¨"& !" -, YC< Ö:7" : *

r~j -c - eyÉk " tsRy cakplu\jsh iR
SplCjdX)k= tsRy CElL\[ " L~opliop[ .
4 -- cIGzlidlCjdX)[ cIGz\jhk= epij

KuG\kilR Si!j sv$k' CElL\[ , Lfjrk=
sfxji[
6 ] ".F5jk d *+f Q g_ & 0 ¦< : 8j0" : *

.[809"
r~j -c - eyÉk , L#l|kSi , L~Jcha)[ rJ
selyk\[ sdlmkS)nSa , cØlGzjdxluigksm
doM\jH LS`|\jsRy epij rJ KuGS\nSa "
akc[hj; .
5 -- Qgkijvlgnuk;, CjÊuk; domlsf cIGz\jH

YeSiCj)k'ulxkdsx LfjH YeSiCj/j)kilR
Si!juk= CElL\[ , Lfjrk= sfxji[
K)lC ~[rk ak|[cjR - y - sRy |pJc[ " 70000
:xkdX Qgkijvlgnuk;, CjÊuk; domlsf
cIGz\jH YeSiCj)k'k
.[*20O N:+"]".8j?" *0Tf 8j0"
r~j -c - LS`|s\ LfjH s/mk\kilR
Si!j YelGÒj&k - ~k|lgj - akc[hj; -
6 -- rgd\jH YeSiCj& iR Spl<jdxluisg

LfjH rj'k; Salvj/j)kilR Si!jsv$k'
CElL\[ . Lfjrk= sfxji[
.[QQ
& 6 ] ".¨"& !" -, YC< Ö:7" : *

r~j -c - eyÉk " tsRy cakplu\jsh iR
SplCjdX)k= tsRy CElL\[ " L~opliop[
%
9 ?X %
0352_ 5} O:L ? !" 1
¯" : *

.[r 6 ] ".F2?jX
r~j -c - eyÉk " ak|+p[ r~j -c - uksm
CElL\[ sdl![ Qgk ij>lz; rgd\jH rj'[
eky\[ dm'fjr[ SC<; LiG cIGz\jH
YeSiCj)k'k , Lisg w|'aj$oR t'[
ijxj)k'k . ~k|lgj -
7 -- CjÊ hZodgj)kilR LG|s/MiG)k Si!j

sv$k' CElL\[ ,fsRy txl/ L~ofIlhj~jr[
sv$k'f[ Selsh .Lfjrk= sfxji[
? !" z d YT2_ "2 1
Ö:7 *T:?$ *0T" : *

.[*20O N:+"] ".*"Q *?" o0~ *2T/ §0
r~j -c - eyÉk " egShld\[ vjhS/lX tsRy
CkelG< KedgjS&)l; ,L*jsr rgd\jsh
akdxjSh)[ sBgjulnjisg aomk' goe\jH
sdl![igk'k si(jhk; LisRy fhS&ly[
Lf[sdl![ fjx&kayjuk'fldk'k . ~k|lgj -
akc[hj; -
L#l|kijsRyumk\[ CElL\[
Cgjulilrk= rjr[PrdX .
1 -- CkelGC sv$k'isruk; ,
sv$s/mk'isruk; L#l|k f{e[fjs/mn; .
2 -- CkelGC sv$k'ir[ CkelGC sv$lR

L#l|kijsRy Lrkilp; h>j)kd .
.[: )>2;<
] ≈... υΩ∝ΩΤZ⁄≅… Ξ⇑Ω∧Ψ√ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… φΣ⊕Ω⊃πΤ↑ΩΤÿ ‚Ω"Ω …
" LiR f{e[fjseMir#lsf LiG CkelGC
sv$kduj# " LR~jul _ 28
)
] ≈... −&ΨΤΨ⇓<′ΜΞ†ΨŠ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ,ΙΣΩŸ⇒Ψ∅ Σ⊗Ω⊃πΤ↑ΩΤÿ ΨϒΠς√≅… …ς′ ⇑Ω∨... …
.[:
" LisRyumk)H LisRy Lrkafj
Yedlga#lsf CkelGC rm\kilR :gk![
. LH~Dy -255
8 - fkhlc[ .
fkhlc[ cfUik; LfjH ijCIcj)H
rjG^r[Pikaldk'k , fsRy Lmjadxksm
YeiG\r*sx fo)jdn)l)j Lfjrrkcgj&[
YefjEh; rHdkilR Si!j egShld\[ L#l|k
rlMk' Q'ldk'k Lf[ , Lf[ g![ fMk; ,
covjukak= uplGÒ fkhlcldk'k . LfjH
YeiG\r*X fo)k'k , Lf#(jH
YeiG\r*xksm SgDdSxl ,YeiG\r*X
fs'Sul fo)k'k .LfjH t#ligk; fo)s/mk'k
, t'lH LfjH Zr; fo*k'f[ YeiG\j&
:xksmSul , SgDuksmSul Zra# ayj&[
YeiG\r*xksmfldk'k .
†∃ Τ_ΛΤΤ∼Ω→ χ♦πΤ⊃ΩΤ⇓ Σ¬ςΤ∏<ℵ≠ΣΤZ ð„ΤΩΤ⊇ Ψ◊Ω∧ΗΤΩ∼Ψ⊆<√≅… ΨζΩ∼Ψ√ ð÷♥Ψ⊆<√≅… Ω⇑ÿΞƒ.ΩΩ∧<√≅… Σ⊗Ω∝Ω⇓Ω …
†Ω⇒ΨŠ υΩ⊃Ω{Ω †% ΩΨŠ †ΩΤ⇒∼ΩΤZςΚ… ]Ω ⌠≤Ω ⌠⇑ΨΘ∨ ξ◊ΤΥφΤΤΤ‰Ωš Ω†φΤΤΤ⊆‘Ψ∨ Ω⇐†Ω{ ⇐ΜΞ…Ω
.[: )>2;<

] ≈ (47) φκΨ‰Ψ♥ΗΤΩš
" KuGS\qkS'HejsRy rlxjH rJfjeoGnalu
fkhlÍkdX rl; cFlej)k'fln[ , LS/lX
QglSxlmk; QMk; LrJfj dlnj)s/mkduj# , Lf[ -
dG+; - Qgk dmkdk anj\o)ak=fln(jhk; ,
rlaf[ sdl!kigk'fln[ dn)[ Srl)kilR rl;
fs' afj - LR~jul . 48 -
Σ¬Σ∑ ð∠ΤΜΞΤ;ΗΤðΤ√ΟΚΡ†ΩΤ⊇ ΙΣΤΣ⇒ÿΞƒ.ΩΩ∨ πŒς∏Σ⊆ς’ ⇑Ω∧ΩΤ⊇ ΣΘ⊂
& Ω™<√≅… ]ϒΜΞΩ∨Ωÿ Σ⇐ƒΩ<√≅…Ω …
Νϖ…Σ≤Ψ♥Ω Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… ð∠ΤΜΞΤ;ΗΤðΤ√ΟΚΡ†ΩΤ⊇ ΙΣΤΣ⇒ÿΞƒ.ΩΩ∨ πŒΠς⊃Ω ⌠⇑Ω∨Ω (8) Ω⇐Σ™Ψπ∏⊃Σ∧<√≅…
) :%+ )RO<
] ≈ (9) Ω⇐Σ∧Ψ∏<ℵ≠Ωÿ †Ω⇒Ψ,ΗΤΩΤÿ†ΛΩΤΤΨŠ Ν…ΣΤ⇓†ς †Ω∧ΨŠ ¬ΣΩ♥Σ⊃⇓Κς…
.[
" L's\ pjic; - dG+*X - fo)j
dn)l)k'f[ cfUalujgj)k; ,:S/lX :gksm
fkhlÍkdX Zr; fo*jSul Ligln[ ijwujdX ,,
:gksm fkhlÍkdX Zr; dkyÉkSil Ligln[
:f[a r<[m; SrgjMiG , r+ksm p{<[mlÔ*xksm
Srsg LiG LrUlu; ssdsdl!fjsRy EhaSYf
Lf[ -- LL[ylE[ -- 8-9
.[809" 6 ] ".%E2k ¼ 5b )%'( x7
jx" :
r~j -c - eyÉk " CkÓj ijCIlc\jsRy
edkfjulik'k , L#l|kij'ldk'k cG%
cfkfjuk; t'k=f[ fkhlc[ rjy)k'fkaldk'k .
akc[hj; .
l < m9 *2_ %
0_ "2 1
%E2k g
" :
.[8/b 6 ] ".^T

r~j -c - eyÉk , " egShld\[
si)k' fkhlÍjH :dlC >oajdsx fo)julhk;
Lf[ ijClhalujgj)k; " |ldj; .
9 - elh; - cIjyl\[ .
elh\jH rl; ijCIcj)k'k , Lf[ rgd\jr[
akdxjhosmuk= Qgk elhaldk'k , Lf[
Lfjhosm dm'[ Seldk'isr
Semjs/mk\k'fldk'k. wr*X Lfjhosm
cIGz\jSh)[ dm'kSeldk'k . LigjH
TasiMk'f[ Selsh dm'[ Seldk'igk![ ,
Lf[Selsh LigjH aj'H Selshuk; , dlË[
Selshuk; , eÊjsu Selshuk; , dkfjgdsx
Selshuk; , ark<UR rm)k'f[ Selshuk; ,
SizfujH rm)k'f[ Selshuk; dm'kSeldk'k.
aËk vjhG rm'k Seldk'fjrjmujH iqk)j
iJqk'igkak![ , Ligigksm
YeiG\r*X)rkcgj&[ Lfjhosm dm'[
Seldk'k,. fsRy dlHijghjsRy LË\jhk=Yfuk;
YedlCak=iG isg Lfjhosm dm'k Seldk'k .
LigjH vjhgk![ LfjH rj'[ Lisg
ylÖjsumk\[ rgd\jSh)[ ihjs&yjukduk;
sv$k'k . :sg(jhk; TO elh\jhosm dm'[
SelulH LiR cIGÏ\jH YeSiCj&k .
Lfjhosm :pUaluj dm'k Seldk'f[ ak|+p[

r~j - c - uksm cakplualdk'k ,
YeilvdØlg#lsf :gka'[ c;clgj)kduj# ,
YeilvdØlgksm L's\ YelGÒr L#l|ksi ,
gÊs/mk\o . . . ,gÊs/mk\o . . . si'lujgj)k; ,
elh\jsRyuË\jH Qgkelm[ sdlxk\kdxk![
LfjsRydn)kdX L#l|kij'#lsf
Lyjukduj# , LiR KS`Cj)k'isg : sdlxk\[
sdl![ ihjs&mk)k'k .
LfjsRy ijSC<n\jH seMfln[ î
Lf[ ilxjSr)lX aoG&uk=fk; , akmjSu)lX

SrG\fkaldk'k , iqk)k'fkaldk'k ,LfjH
L#l|k dlhky/j&isRy dlh#lsf Ky)kduj#
dlgn; Lf[ TgkMjhln[ rlMs/mk'f[ .
Lalr\jsruk; , dkmk;~~r[P; SvG)hjsruk;
Lfjhosm dm'[ Seldk'iR Lfjsr g!jsruk;
egjznjS&l Lf#(jH LiznjS&lsu'[ clÊj
rjH)kilR Si!j elh\jrmkS\)u)kduk;
sv$k'k .
ΘΩ¬ΣΤ’ (71) †⊥ΘΤ∼Ψ∝πΤ⊆ΤΘΩ∨ †_Τ∧,Ωš ð∠ΘΨΤΤŠΩ⁄ υς∏Ω∅ Ω⇐†ς †& Ω∑Σ Ψ⁄…Ω ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ψΡ∇⇒ΨΘ∨ ⇐ΜΞ…Ω …

] ≈ (72) †⊥ΘΤ∼Ψ‘Ψ– †Ω∼Ψ⊇ φκΨ∧Ψ∏ΗΤϑðℵ≠√≅… Σ⁄ΩϒΩΤ⇓ΘΩ Ν…ΩΤ⊆ΠςΤZ≅… Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… ΨΘ•ΩΤ⇒ΣΤ⇓
.[ ):%+ )a"
" Lfjrmk\[ igl\igluj - rgd\jsRy -
rj*xjH :gk; fs'uj# , fsRy gÊjflijsRy
Dn}jfik; , rm/jhl)s/mk' Qgk
fJgkalraldk'k Lf[ , ej'Jm[ PGarj<[A
elhj&isg rl; gÊs/mk\kduk; , LYdajdsx
akMkdk\k'igkaluj sdl![ rl; LfjH
ijSM)kduk; sv$k'fln[ .-- aGu; - 71 - 72
& ¨"& ;& %
/i_ 8?jf Dj½ F ¾Z K " :
.[809" 6 ] ".6E2¿ !"
r~j -c - eyÉk . rgd\jr[ akdxjH elh;
rlMk'k , Blrk; tsRy cakpluikaldk'k
Lfjhosm :pUaluj dm'kSeldk'f[ " akc[hj; .
Y >OQ )E2¿ !" & %
/i_ .. 8?jf 9f K " :
.[*20O N:+"] ".80¥ 80¥ 8j0 :sv"

r~j -c - eyÉk rgd\jr[ akdxjH elh;
rlMk'k Lfjhosm Blrlujgj)k; :pUaluj
dm'kSeldk'f[ , YeilvdØlgksm L's\
YelGÒr L#l|ksi , gÊs/mk\o ,gÊs/mk\o
si'lujgj)k; ~k|lgj - akc[hj; .
5G& TL !" IQ& 9X %& ²~0 " :== r 5J 52T
&
.[809" 6 ] ".29 !"
L~o c|JpkH |kp[gj - y - eyuk'k ,

fJG&uluk; elh; , ilxjSr)lX aoG&uk=fk; ,
akmjSu)lX SrG\fkaldk'ksi'[
trjs)\jujgj)k'k,. akc[hj; .
V?2' ¾Z c?f w0O %"
+_ )8G ;"< Y$" :
57 4x / )B / ...I/ 8,& 2_ )VHÀ
80 K :
¾Z w0O 8- 8,2; )8O& 8M rÁ )f
HU 49 g2x+9 ._ Yf Â¿ £G )QT O& ET$ £G )80
m"& !" s3i
"i" 0T" [2./ ¾Z ¨_G w0O : .V:G
.[809" 6 ] ". ? d ¤5," )
Ã ; Ä5_ )*
r~j -c - eyÉk " Lalr\jsruk; ,
dkmk;~~r[P; SvG)hjsruk; elh\jsRy Tmfk;
, ihkfk; >lz*xjSh)u)k'k ,rj*xjH akÙØlG
TasiMk'f[ Selsh dm'[ Seldk'igk![ .... ,
Lf[Selsh LigjH aj'H Selshuk; , dlË[
Selshuk; , eÊjsu Selshuk; , ark<UR
rm)k'f[ Selshuk; , YeilvdR LfjsRyumk\[
rjH)k'k ejs' eyuk; L#l|ksi , gÊs/mk\o
,gÊs/mk\osi'[ Lmjadxksm YeiG\r*X
pkG>haldk'f[ isg , QglX igk'k LS`|\jr[
iqk)jsdl!#lsf Seldkduj# , LfjsRy
>lz*xjH ~r[Pj)seM sdlxk\kdxk![
dHej)seMisr ihj&jmkilR Si!j , :sdlxk\[
sdl![ Sfl!s/MiR gÊs/mkduk; ,
ihjs&mk)s/MiG rgd\jhkaldk'k . akc[hj; .
10 -- DRfIy --
cfU ijCIlcjdX elh\jhosm gÊs/MlH
DRfIy su' cFh\[ rjH)ksa'[ rl;
ijCIcj)k'k., Lf[ rgd\jsRyuk; ,
cIGz\jsRyuk; Tmujhk= Qgk cFhaldk'k
,elh\jhosm dm'[ i' ijCIlcjdX cIGz
YeSicr\jr[ akÙ[ egc[egak= Yefjdlg;
fJG)kilR Si!j Lijsm rjHdk'k , LiG
rgd\jH rj'[ gÊs/mkduk; svu[fk . L*jsr
LiG c;c[dgj)kduk; ,CkÓJdgj)kduk;
svu[flH cIGz\jSh)[ YeSiCj)kilR Lrkafj
rHdk'k .
?X F x? w0O %

9z2_ ) ? !" %
?"#k Å0¯" :
nU £G )2;5 d 8j?2 ^;/ Æu" ¸T !" 8j T Å+2_ ) ?
8C5G< 652 5} :; rs
_ ) ?X
3Q d 8 %n&
;
sC
.[r 6 ] ".2;5 d %/ *E¶?q *?" ?X d *E¶?q ]5C&
r~j -c - eyÉk rgd\jH rj'[ gÊseM
cfUijCIcjdX rgd\jsRyuk; , cIGz\jsRyuk;
Tmujhk= DRfIyujH egc[egak= Yefjdlg;
fJG)kduk; c;c[dgj)kduk; ,CkÓJdgj)kduk;
svu[ffjr[ SC<; cIGz\jSh)[ YeSiCj)kilR
Lrkafj rHdk'k . ak|+p[ r~j - c - uksm
:f[ali[ :gksm d$jhlSnl Lisr sflM[ cfU;
QglX fsRy iJsmijsmuln'[ Lyjuk'f[ Selsh
cIGz\jhk; fsRy cFlrsaijsmuln'iryjuk'k
.
~k|lgj -
11 -- cIGÏik; , rgdik; .
cIGÏik; , rgdik; ., cfUaln'[ rl;
ijCIcj)kd , Lf[ g!k; TS/lX K=fk; ,
Qgj)hk; , rCj)l\fk; ,
edgal)s/ml\fkaldk'k . Lf[ rjfUaldk'k ,
cIGÏlrkYz|*X rJ*j SeldkdSul , rj'[
SeldkdSul sv$k'j# , L#l|k rjfUal)juir[
rgd\jsh CjÊ Qgj)hk; rCj)kdsul , akyjÉ[
SeldkdSul sv$k'j# .
t 'lH fO|jpk=ulxkdX ,
dlgknUilRalgjH ]Ëik; dlgknUilrk; ,
CkelGC)lgksm CkelGC sdl!k; ,LfjH rj'[
Lisg eky\[ sdl!kigk'k .
cIGÏ; -- egShld\[ co<[alhk)X)[ Si!j

L#l|k Qgk)j si&jMk= LrkYz| Sz|aldk'k
Tf[ , Lijsm ckÕgjdxlu >lgUalgk; , KuG'
yoakdxk; , Qqkdk' Sflmkdxkak![ , Qgk ark<U
|{puik; goes/mk\l\ , Qgk svijuk; SdX)l\
, Qgk dÑk; dlnl\ dNdkxjG/j)k'
,arÍkdxjH Sfl'k'sf#l; K![ , Lfjsh
LrkYz|*X rJ*j SeldkdSul , rj'[
SeldkdSul sv$k'j# , Lijsmuk= Qgk
dlHelp\jsRyuYfuk; cFh; :dlC>oajSu)lX
K\aaldk'k , Lfjsh ckzr[P; Qgk alcs\ iqj
pogak!ldk; ,Lfjsh ]Ëik; ihju LrkYz|;
ixsg iUd[faluj cfUijCIlcjdxksm
dÑkdXsdl![ f*xksm gÊjflijsr
dlnhldk'k .
t'lH LijCIlcjdX ,,--gÊjflijsr
dlnk'fjsr SflM[ ayujmseMjgj)k'k , Trj
:sg(jhk; cfUijCIlcjdxksm dÑkdXsdl![
f*xksm gÊjflijsr dlnk'fjsr rjS<Pj&lH
Ligk; ,LijCIlcjdxk; TO ayujmk' dlgU\jH
fk#Ugldk'k .
cIGÏ\jH roy[ epijdxk![ , t#l

epijdX)jmujhk; :dlC >oajdX)jmujsh
pogak![ , cIGÏ\jsRy ]Ëik; KuG' epij
EjGpOckH LL[hukdk'k , LfjsRy SaHekg
L#l|kijsRy cj;|lcraldk'k ,Lfjr[
dilm*xk![ , QlSgl dilm\jrjmujsh pog;
a)uk; apJruk; f+jhk= pogak![ , Tsf#l;
fjg)lik' Qgk pjic; igkilrk![ ,
cIGÏ\jsRy ]Ëik; flq[' epij pkRulijsRy
e\jgMj)[ fk#Ualdk'k .
.[@@: )%O P
] ≈ (133) Ω⇐κΨ⊆Πς,Σ∧<∏Ψ√ π‹ΠςŸΨ∅ΡΚ… …
" cIGzs\ dkyj&[ L#l|k eyuk'k , PG+
rj<[A elhj)k'iG)[Si!j Qgk)jsi)s/MfsYf
Lf[ " :hk T;ylR - 133
Σ≤ΗΤΩΤ⇓ΚΚς‚≅… †ΩΨ,πΤ™ΩΤZ ⇑Ψ∨ Ξ≤•ΩΤZ ξ⇐ŸΩ∅ 〉ŒΗΤΤΠς⇒ΤΩ– ⌠¬ΞΘΨΤŠΩ⁄ ΩŸ⇒Ψ∅ ¬Σ∑Σ:…Ω∞ΤΩ– …
⌠⇑Ω∧Ψ√ Ω∠Ψ√.Ω′ Σ& ΤΤ⇒ΤΩ∅ Ν…Σ∂Ω⁄Ω ⌠¬Σ⇒ΤΩ∅ ϑðΣ/≅… 

ƒ Ψ∂ΘΩ⁄ …∃ _ŸΤΩΤŠΚς… :†Ω∼Ψ⊇ Ω⇑ÿΨŸΨ∏ΗΤΩΤ
.[: ) ?2

] ≈ (8) ΙΣΤΘΩΤŠΩ⁄ 
ƒ ΤΤΨ↑Ω
cIGz\jsRy rjfUfsu dkyj&[ L#l|k
eyuk'k , " LiG)[ Ligksm gÊjflijhk=
YefjEh; flq[>lz\k domj Lgkijdsxlqkdk' ,
cFjgilc\jrk= cIGzS\l/kdxldk'k . " --
~$jr - 8
t'lH rgd; ..--
Pj)lgjdxlu LijCIlcjdX)[ Si!j Qgk)j
si&jMk= CjÊdxksm Sz|aldk'k . ,LfjH dAjr
CjÊuk; , ssiijPUalu KeYp*xkak!ijsm , dAjr
|{puglu ah)kdxldk'k Lfj'[ dliH
rjHdk'f[ , LijCIlcjdX LfjH
rjfUilcjdxldk'k ,Ligksm >Ên; cDoak; --
Lc|rJualu du[ek= dlu K!ldk' ag; --
elrJu; vkMksel=k' elrJuikaldk'k .
pkRulijsh fJ rgd\jsh fJuksm tqkefjH
Qg;Caldk'k , rgd; 69 TgMj domjufldk'k
QlSgl L;Cik; LYfSul LfjH domkfShl
vomk=fldk'k .
TO rgd\jr[ LfjH Tmk'fjsRy

:PjdU\lH amk/rk>is/mk'j# , ayj&sf#l;
LfjsRy LzlP zG\; ijqk*kduk; t'jM[
LPjdakS!lsu'[ Svlpj)kduk; sv$k'k ,
Lfjr[ ]qk ilfjhkdxk![ Lfjsh QlSgl'k;
ij>wj)seM >lz*xldk'k .
.[@: )%O P
] ≈ (131) Ω⇑ÿΞ≤Ψ⊃ΗΤς∇<∏Ψ√ π‹ΠςŸΨ∅ΡΚ… …
rgds\ dkyj&[ L#l|k eyuk'k "
cfUrjS<PjdX)[ Qgk)jsi)seM rgdlz[rj --
:hk T;ylR -- 131 .
…∃ _ŸΩΤŠΚς… :†ΤΩ∼Ψ⊇ Ω⇑ÿΨŸΨ∏ΗΤΩΤ (64) …[⁄κΨ⊕Ω♠ ⌠¬Σς√ ϑðŸΤΩ∅ςΚ…Ω Ω⇑ÿΞ≤Ψ⊃ΗΤς∇<√≅… Ω⇑Ω⊕ς√ ϑðΩ/≅… ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… …
.[A) A:%+ )KEG<

] ≈...
rgd\jsh rjfUfsu dkyj&[ L#l|k eyuk'k ,
fJG&uluk; L#l|k cfUrjS<Pjdsx Cej)kduk;
LiG)kSi!j wIhj)k' rgdlz[rj
Qgk)jsi)kduk; svu[fjgj)k'k . t''k;
LigfjH ClCIfilcjdxlujgj)k; , -- 64 -- 65 -
3 -- Liclr rlxjsh ijCIlc\jsRy

Eh*X -
Liclr rlxjsh ijCIlc\jr[

Qgkelm[ Eh*xk![ --
1 -- YefjEh; :Yz|j&[ sdl![ cHdGa*X
sv$lR :Yz|j)kduk; , Lfjr[ Si!j
Yeuf[rj)kduk; sv$k'k .
2 -- egShld\[ h>j)k' CjÊsu QlG\[

sfËkdX sv$lR Semj)kduk; , sfËjsr
T<[ms/mk'fjsruk; Semj)k'k .
3 -- egShld\[ h>j)k' LrkYz|\jsRyuk; .

YefjEh\jsRyuk; dlgU; QlG\[ pkRulijH
r<[ms/mk' dlgUs\dkyj&[ arî calPlr;
h>j)k'k.
4 -- cao| wJijf\jhk; , iUd[fjwJijf\jhkak=

stCIgU\jsRy Lmj\yuldk'k egShld
ijCIlc; ., Qgk ark<UR fsRy YeiG\r*sx
L#l|k ijvlgnsv$kduk; Lfjr[ YefjEh;
rHdkduk; , a{z*sxuk; , LYdajSuuk;
,LYdaj)seMisruk; f+jH Selhk; Yefjdlg
rmemj cIJdgj)ksa'[ ijCIcj&lH LiR Cgjulu
goe\jH L#l|kijsr :glPj)kduk; , fjØujH
rj'[ ijM[rjHdkduk; , cao|\jH rØuksm
il|dgkaldk'k , LSflsml/; SYC<[mfuk; , arî
calPlrik; ssdigkduk; sv$k'k .
:y[
ijPjujhk= ijCIlc;
1 -- Dp[yjsRy rjG%vrik; , Lfjhk=
ijCIlc\jsRy YelPlrUik; .
ijPj î Lf[ L#l|kijsRy Lyji[
akRdm)kduk; ,LisRyijPj Sfmkduk;
svu[ffrkcgj&[ YeeÖ\jhk= L#l|kijsRy
ijPjuk; ,dn)[ doMhkaldk'k . Tf[ am*k'f[
L#l|kijsRy dqjijSh)ldk'k , dlgn; L#l|k
KS`Cj)k'sf#l; sv$k' t#l\jrk;
dqjik=irldk'k .
Lfjhk= ijCIlc; cfkfUG|rk; ,
K'frkalu L#l|kijsRy gÊldGf{fI\jhk=
ijCIlcik; domjulnf[ . Tf[ ijCIlc dlgU*xjH
seM Q'ldk'k , Qgk ijCIlcjuksm ijCIlc; Tf[
domlsf eoG\juldkduk; T# .
.[: )
] ≈ (49) ξ⁄ΩŸΩ⊆ΨŠ ΣΗΤΩΤ⇒πΤ⊆ς∏Ω ]∫πΩ→ ΘΩΡ †ΠςΤ⇓ΞΜ… …
"fJG&uluk; ]fk icfksiuk; rl;
cU<[mk&jMk=f[ Qgk iUicF Yedlgaldk'k"é LH
DaG 49 ê
".ET 2, & )2, ET £G 5 >o7 Y/" :
.[809" 6 ]
"r~j -c - eyÉk fJG&uluk; ]fk
icfkik; [ Qgk iUicF Yedlgaldk'k .
pOG~hUik;, ~kÓjuk; isg , L#(jH ~kÓjuk;,
pOG~hUik; isg - " akc[hj; .
2 -- DpyjsRy ZM*X .
rlh[ ZM*sx ulplGÒUaldlsf Dp[yjhk=

ijCIlc; eoG\juldkduj# . Lf[ ,
1 -- t#l icfk)sxuk; ihu; sv$k'
L#l|kijsRy Lyjijhk= ijCIlc; .
ℑ ð∠Ψ√.ς′ ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… Ξ≥
% ⁄Κς‚≅…Ω Ψ∫:†Ω∧ΥφΤΤ♥√≅… ℑ †Ω∨ Σ¬ς∏⊕ΩΤÿ Ωϑð/≅… ΥφΚς… ⌠¬ς∏⊕ΩΤZ ψς√Κς… …
.[S: )|b

] ≈ (70) χ⁄κΨ♥ΩΤÿ ϑðΨ/≅… ς∏Ω∅ ð∠Ψ√.ς′ ΘΩ⇐ΜΞ… ]ˆ
& ΗΤΩΤ,Ψ
" :dlC\jhk; , >oajujhkak=f[ L#l|k
Lyjuk'ks!'[ rjr)[ LyjÉkdosm ? fJG&uluk;
Lf[ Qgk SgDhjhk![ . fJG&uluk; Lf[
L#l|kijr[ txk/ak= dlgUasYf . |w[w[ -- 70 -
2 -- ijPjujH rj'k; L#l|k c;gÊjfalu
Ehd\jH SgDs/mk\k'fjH ijCIcj)kd .
.[@: )1T;<
] ≈... ξ∫
π& ΤΩ→ ⇑Ψ∨ γˆΗΤΩΤ,Ψ∇<√≅… ℑ †ΩΤ⇒<≡ΘΩ≤ΩΤ⊇ †ΘΩ∨ …
" Yzr[F\jH rl; ulsfl'k; iJq[v igk\JMj# "
LR :; -- 38 --
l < m
9 N0¯ %& Y N-.J Q" [+/" :
.[809" 6 ] ". ? & F9Ç
r~j écê eyÉk , :dlC >oajdsx
c{<[mj)k'fjsRy LÙfjrlujg; iG<*X)[
akÙ[ L#l|k c{<[mjdxksm Dp[ykdX é ijPjdX ê
SgDs/mk\jsi&jgj)k'k . éakc[hj; ê
3 --- selfkijhk= L#l|kijsRy Lyjijhk; ,
fky'[ si& L#l|kijsRy aCJ|\[ - KS`C; - H
ijCIcj)kd.

] ≈ (29) φκΨ∧ς∏ΗΤΩ⊕<√≅… ϑ〉‡Ω⁄ ϑðΣ/≅… ∫ƒ:†Ω↑Ωÿ ⇐Κς… :‚Πς"ΜΞ… Ω⇐Σ∫:†Ω↑ΩZ †Ω∨Ω …
.[: )
,+
" Shld gÊjflilu L#l|k
KS`Cj)k'ksi(jh#lsf rj*X KS`Cj)kduj# "
fd[iJG -- 29
>7 " Y ) V5; ²+0Tf&" :^v7 >7 " * !k
.[5y& 6 ] ".65G
r~j -c - eyÉk , LS`|\jSrlm[ QglX rJ
L#l|kik; , rJuk; KS`Cj&f[ ,t'[ eyÉS/lX
r~j -c - eyÉk _ rJ ts' L#l|kijSrlm[
fk#Us/mk\jSul , L#l|k KS`Cj&sf'[ alYf;
eyukd -- L|[ap[ .
4 -- L#l|k t#l\jsRyuk; c{<[mlildk'k
si'[ ijCIcj)kd .

] ≈ (62) β∼Ψ{Ω ξ∫πΩ→ ΘΞΣ{ υς∏Ω∅ ΩΣ∑Ω ∫ξ∃ πΩ→ ΠΞΣ{ Σ⊂Ψ∏ΗΤΤΤΩ ϑðΣ/≅… …
.[A: )"E
" L#l|k t#l icfk)xksmuk; c{<[mlildk'k
, LiR t#l icfk)xksm Sahk;
ssddlgUdG\lildk'k . ckaG -- 62
.[A: )m_Z
] ≈ (96) Ω⇐ΣΤ∏Ω∧⊕ΩΤZ †Ω∨Ω ψΡ∇Ω⊆ς∏Ω Σϑð/≅…Ω …
" L#l|kilnS#l rj*sxuk; rj*X
rjG+j)k'isuuk; c{<[mj&f[ ." cIEEl\[ .. 96
.[r 6 ] ".*+T? g; Y/ g?Z %U" :
r~j -c - eyÉk . t#l rjG+j)seMisruk; ,
rjGaj)k'isruk; c{<[mj&f[ L#l|kildk'k .
~k|lgj -
3 -- Dp[yjsRy Tr*X .
1 -- YeeÖ\jr[ akqkirk; sal\\jH
SgDs/mk\seM ijPj , Tfldk'k L#l|k
:dlC>oajdsx c{<[mj)k'fjr[ 50000
iG<*X)[ akÙ[ L#l|k ckgÊjfEhd\jH
SgDs/mk\s/Mf[ .
2 -- :ukÍjH SgDs/mk\seM ijPjdX . Tf[

CgJg\jH :f[ali[ KOfjuf[ akfH LisRy
Liclr; isg c;>ij)k' t#l;
SgDs/mk\seM ijPjdX .
3 -- iG<\jH SgDs/mk\seM ijPjdX .

t#liG<ik; rm)k' c;>iijdlc*sx#l;
SgDs/mk\seM ijPjdX , Lf[
t#liG<\jshuk; sshh\kH Dp[yjsRy
pjic\jhldk'k .
.[: )%35
] ≈ (4) ]ψ∼Ψ∇Ωš ∴≤Τ∨Κς… ΘΣΡ 〉⊄Ω≤πΤ⊃ΤΣÿ †Ω∼Ψ⊇ …
" :glYfjujH ukd[fj eoGnalu QlSgldlgUik;
SiGfjgj&[ ijigj)s/mk'k ." pkDlR -- 4
4 -- pjic\jH SgDs/mk\seM ijPjdX . Tf[

QlSgl pjic\jhk; c;>ij)k' cO>lzU; ,
pOG>lzU; , rHdhk; ,fmuhk; , agj/j)hk;
,wJij/j)hk; fkm*ju dlgU*X SgDs/mk\seM
ijPjdxldk'k .
≈ (29) ξ⇐<Κ†Ω→ ℑ ΩΣ∑ ]ζ⌠ΤΩÿ ΘΩΡ Ξ≥
& ⁄Κς‚≅…Ω Ψ‹.ΩΗΤΩ∧ΘΩ♥√≅… ℑ ⇑Ω∨ ΙΣΣΤ∏ΛΩΤΤπΤ♥Ωÿ …
.[: )!y

]
" :dlC*xjhk; >oajujhk; , K=iG
LiSrlm[ Svlpj&[ sdl!jgj)k'k , t#l pjicik;
,LiR dlgUrjG%|n\jhldk'k . -- y|[alR -- 29
--
4 --- Dp[yjH chEkdxksm ijCIlc; .
L#l|k t#l\jsRyuk; c{<[mlik; ,

gÊjflik; , KmacFrkaldk'k ., c{<[mjdsx
c{<[[mj)k'fjr[ akÙ[ fs' Ligksm t#l;
dn)[ doMhkdxk; SgDs/mk\seMjgj)k'k ,
Ligksm LiPjdxk; ,KewJiralGÏik;
,YeiG\r*xk; dn)l)jujgj)k'k ,
Lf[SelshLigjSh)[ alyj igk' cO>lzUik;
,pOG>lzUik; SgDs/mk\seMjgj)k'k ,
Lfjsrsu#l; iUd[faluj Qgk Tal; Lsf#l;
tÑjdn)l)jujgj)k'k . L#l|k KS`Cj)k'f[
K!ldk'k , KS`Cj)l\f[ K!ldk'kaj# , LiR
tÔk!ldk'ksi'k; , tÔk!lujsu'k; ,
tÔk!luj#'k; ,t*sr K!ldk'ksi'k;
Lyjuk'k .LiR t#l\jrk; dqjik=irldk'k ,
LiR KS`Cj)k'isg cO>lzjuk;
,pkGalGzjukal)k'k . LmjadX)[
YeiG\j)kilrk= dqjik; ,KS`Cik; K![ L*jsr
L#l|k LiG)[ dn)l)juf[ sv$k'Sflm/;
LiR KS`Cj)l\sfl'k; Ligk;
KS`Cj)k'j#'k; LiG ijCIcj)kduk; sv$k'k.
)m
,?T
] ≈... †& ΩΤ⇒ς∏Σ‰ΤΣ♠ ⌠¬ΣΠς⇒ΩÿΨŸΩΤ⇒ς√ †ΩΤ⇒∼Ψ⊇ Ν…ΣŸΩΗΤΩ– Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅…Ω …
.[A:
" r+ksm alGz\jH cag\jH ]Gs/MiglSgl
, Lisg r+ksm iqjdxjSh)[ rl; ruj)kd fs'
sv$k'fln[ , -- LRd~o\[ -- 69 --
fJG&uluk; L#l|k c{<[mjdxksmuk; ,
Ligksm YeiG\r*xksmuk; c{<[mlildk'k,
:G)k; fs' rjG^r[PdlgU*X Qqjil)kilrk; ,
rjCjÓdlgU*X sv$kilrk; L#|kijs'fjgjH
ulsflgk sfxjikaj# , ayj&[ Lf[
c{<[mjdXs)fjsguk= iUd[falu
sfxjikdxldk'k , ije\kdXs)fjgjH ijPjsu
sfxjil)lsa(jhk; ,sfËk, dkË*Xs)fjsg
ijPjsu sfxjil)kilR elmj#l\fldk'k ,
h+f3& rs 1QP ^;& :w
" _ )w
" 1QP " :
*$H {:x rs w
" ^;& :1QP * _ p ?X !" h+v2x3
1t QP |z_ )N03& %& Y o 0O 5È 5 "& w0O ²"
0$ )*".,
.[809" 6 ] ".w
"
" r~j - c - eyÉk " :p; - L - aocl - L -
s'fjgjH sfxji[ ejmj& dlgU\jH , :p; - L -
K;, aocl - L - K; fG)j&k , LS/lX aocl - L
- eyÉk . rJs' rjsRy sfË[ cIGz\jH rj'k;
eky\l)ju :p; - L - :dk'k . LS/lX
LS`|S\lm[ :p; - L - eyÉk , rJ
L#l|kijsRy gjclh\[ ]Hej)kilrk; ,
c;clgj)kilrk; fjsgsÉmk\ aocluldk'k
,ejs' rJ ts' c{<[mj)k'fjr[ akÙ[ trj)[
ijPj)seMfjsr rJ :SÊej)kdSul ? L*jsr
:p; - L - aocl - L- s'fjgjH sfxji[ ejmj&k .
akc[hj; .
5 -- Lmjadxksm YeiG\r*X .
YeeÖ\jH K'frlu L#l|k
c{<[mj)k' YeiG\r*sx g!luj fg;
fgj)l; .
1 -- K'frk; , cfkfUG|rkalu L#l|k fsRy
cU<[mjdxjH K!l)k' LisRy YeiG\r*X ,
LfjH :G)k; Qgk KS`CSal ,
fjsgsÉmk)kilrk= LPjdlgSal T# . Tf[
L#l|kij'[ alYfak= aCJ|\ldk'k .
Kpl|gnaluj - wJij/j)hk; , agj/j)hk; , Sglz;
:SglzU; t'ji rHdhk; .
.[A: )m_Z
≈ „
& Ω∧Ω∅ Σ⇑Ω♥šΚς… ψΡ∇ΘΣΤÿΚς… ¬Σ{ΩΡ∏‰Ω∼Ψ√ Ω〈λΩ∼Ω™<√≅…Ω ð‹Ω∧<√≅… Ω⊂ς∏Ω ΨϒΠς√≅… …
.[: )h0k

]
rj*xjH :gln[ domkfH r'luj
YeiG\j)k'iG t'[ egJÊj)kilR Si!j
agnik; , wJijfik; ,c{<[mj&irldk'k LiR . --
akHd[ - 2
2 -- c{<[mjdX f*xksm KS`CS\lsm

YeiG\j)k' t#l YeiG\r*xk; , Tf[ sv$k'
:xksm KS`CS\lsmuk; , fjsgsÉmk)kilrk=
LPjdlgS\lsmulujgj)k; c;>ij)kd . dlgn;
L#l|k L*jsruldk'k Lfjsr LiG)[
rHdjujMk=f[ .
.[: )
,+
] ≈ (28) Ω¬∼Ψ⊆ΩΤ,πΤ♥ΩΤÿ ⇐Κς… ⌠¬Ρ∇⇒Ψ∨ ∫ƒ:†Ω→ ⇑Ω∧Ψ√ …
" Lfluf[ rj*xksm doM\jH rj'[ Srsg
rjhsdl=lR KS`Cj&iG)[ Si!j . fd[iJG -- 28
)j,
] ≈ ... ⌠≤& ΤΣ⊃<∇Ω∼<∏ΩΤ⊇ ∫ƒ:†Ω→ ⇑Ω∨Ω ⇑Ψ∨Σ∼<∏ΩΤ⊇ ∫ƒ:†Ω→ ⇑Ω∧ς⊇... …
.[:
" LfjrlH T<[mak=iG ijCIcj)sM ,
T<[mak=iG LijCIcj)sM ," LHd|[E[ -- 29
LiR cfkfj&isr LiG cfkfj)kduk; ,
rjÕj&isr LiG rjÕj)kduk; sv$k'k ,
LmjadX)[ fjsgsÉmk)kilR LPjdlgak=
dlgU\jH alYfSa CjÊj)kdsul=o
.[: )I
] ≈ (29) ΨŸ∼Ψ‰Ω⊕<∏ΠΨ√ ξψΗΤΠς∏ðℵ≠ΨŠ η†ΩΤ⇓Κς… :†Ω∨Ω... …
" BlR plcØlSglm[ QMk; LrJfj
dlnj)k'ir# -- DlE[ -- 29 -
ark<UR f'jH rjG^r[Palujuk= dlgUik; ,
fjsgsÉmk)kilR LPjdlgak= dlgUik;
f+jhk= iUfUlc; Lyjuk'k . iJmjsRy fMjH
rj'k; Sdlnjujhosm Ty*k'f[ LisRy
fjsgsÉmk)kilR LPjdlgS\lsmuldk'k ,
fMjH rj'k; iJqk'f[ LS`|\jsRy
ijPjukaldk'k , :pUS\f[ fjsgsÉmk)kilR
LPjdlgak= dlgUik; , g!laS\f[ rjG^r[Paluj
c;>ijS)! dlgUikaldk'k .
6 -- L#l|kijsRy c{<[mj/k; , c{<[mjdxksm

YeiG\rik; f+jhk= Sulwj/[ .
L#l|k c{<[mjSuuk; , Ligksm
YeiG\r*sxuk; c{<[mj&k , L*jsr LiG)[
Lfjrk= dqjik; , KS`Cik; rHdj , t'lH
Lmja YeiG\r*xksm SrgjMk= uplGÒ
dG+juldk'k , dlgn; Li'[ Lfjrk= dqjik; ,
KS`Cik; K![ . Trj Qgk\R L#l|kijH
ijCIcj&lH Lf[ LisRy KS`Cik;, aCJL\k;
Lrkcgj&ldk'k , Trj LijCIcj&lH LiR
aCJL\jH LijCIcj)kduk; LisRy eoGnalu
KS`Cik; akSdruldk'k , rl; eyuk'f[ Selsh
TO eq*X TO ag\jH rj'ldk'k, , TO
d{<jdX TO >oajujH rj'ldk'k , >oajujH rj'[
K!lujsu':Cu\jH , L#l|kijH
rj'k!lujsu'[ eyÉlH Lfjsr L#l|k LfjH
rj'[ c{<[mj&ksi'LGÒ\jhldk'k ,
g!jrkajmujH ulsflgk ssigjÓUikaj# , T*sr
L#l|kijsRy CyK; , LisRy Dp[yk;
Sulwj)k'k .
.[A: )m_Z

ΣΣ≤ΠΨ♥ΩΤ∼Σ⇒Ω♥ΩΤ⊇ (6) υΩ⇒πΤ♥Σ™<√≅†ΨŠ Ω⊄ϑðŸΩ″Ω (5) υΩ⊆ΤΠςΤZ≅…Ω υς≠∅ςΚ… ⌠⇑Ω∨ †Πς∨ςΚ†ΩΤ⊇ …
υΩ⇒πΤ♥Σ™<√≅†ΨŠ ð‡ΠςϒΩ{Ω (8) υΩΤ⇒πΤΤ⊕ΩΤ,♠≅…Ω ΩΨµð ?⇑Ω∨ †Πς∨Κς…Ω (7) υΩ≤♥∼Σ <∏Ψ√
.[S=:m )Y20
] ≈ (10) υΩ≤π♥Σ⊕<∏Ψ√ ΙΣΣ≤ΘΨ♥ΩΤ∼Σ⇒Ω♥ΩΤ⊇ (9)
t'lH ]sflglX plr; rh[dkduk; ,
coÊ[af elhj)kduk;
,]Ëik; K\aalufjsr cfUs/mk\kduk;
svu[fkSil Li'k rl; ]Ëik; txk/alufjSh)[
cOdgUs/mk\jsdlmk)k'fln[ . t'lH:G
ejCk)[ dlnj)kduk; , cIu;
egUle[ff rmj)kduk; , ]Ëik; K\aalufjsr
rjS<Pj&f=kduk; svu[fkSil Li'k rl;
]Ëik; sBgk)ak=fjSh)[
cOdgUsalgk)jsdlmk)k'fln[ . sshH - 5 -- 10
7 -- Dp[yjH Lmjauksm SaH rjG^r[Paluf[.
Q'[ î fl)jf[ svu[f dlgU*sx simjulrk; ,

ijPj& dlgU*X sv$lR Si!j L#l|kijSrlm[
c|lu; Svlpj)kd , Lf[ Selsh txk/alu
dlgU*sx domkfH txk/al)lrk; , Yeulc*sx
LdËkilrk; LiSrlm[ YelGÒj)kd , LirjH
>gSaHej)kduk; , LirjH Cgn;
Svlpj)kdukaldk'k , LmjadX t#l; fs'
rØsdl![ igk'fjsr sflMk; , fjØsu
fmk)k'fjsr sflMk; LiG L#l|kijSh)[
:iCUak=igldk'k ,
h & %U )ET$ H !T+ )hT:? " w0O ³G" :
>7 " 5 :Y !, )s/ %, s/ ^0T_ D&
:Y$ ._ >o7
".%x2L YO B+:$
%µ_ )YT_
" r~j - c - eyÉk " rjr)[ Kedlgak=
dlgUs\sflM[ rJ egjYCaj)kd , rjr)[ ~lPj&
dlgUs\ dkyj&[ rJ LCd[frldgkf[ , Lf[Selsh
BlR T*sr YeiG\j&jgks'(jH T*sr
c;>ij)kalujgk'ksi'[ rJ eyugkf[ , esÊ rJ
eyukd L#l|k ijPj&fk; , LiR KS`Cj&fk;
BlR YeiG\j&k , dlgn; -t(jH- t' il)[
ejClvjsRy YeiG\raldk'k fkm); dkyj)k'f[ .
" akc[hj; ,
g![ î ijPjsu sflM[ egjY>aj)lsf Êaj)kd ,

rJ arÍjhl)kd Lf[ L#l|kijH rj'lsn'k;
,Lfjsr fUe[fjs/mkduk; , Lfjsr cIJdgj)kuk;
sv$kd , rJ arÍjhl)kd rjs' ~lPj&sfl'k;
fs' rj'jH rj'[ sfËj Seldk'j# , rj'jH rj'[
sfËjSeluf[ rjr)[ ~lPj)kdukaj# ,
Æ {ix3& " %& )hvx2 !, Æ h & " %& 80O&" :
".h2Z2 !,
" r~j - c - eyÉk " rJ arÍjhl)kd , rJs'
~lPj&sfl'k; fs' rj'jH rj'[ sfËj
Seldk'j# , rj'jH rj'[ sfËjSeluf[ rjr)[
~lPj)kdukaj# , "
8 -- DxlL[ Dp[yjhk= f{e[fjs/mH .

Dp[yjH iCIcj)H LrjilgUaldk'k ,
dlgn; Lf[ L#l|kijsRy gÊldGf{fI\jhk=
fO|JpjsRy eoG\Jdgnaldk'k , Lf[
SelshL#l|kijsRy ijPjujH f{e[fjs/mH Qgk
cfU ijCIlcj)[ rjG^r[Paldk'k , dlgn;
L#l|kijsRy ijPjuk; , LisRy
YeiG\r*xksa#l; fs' ]Ëik; r#fk; rJfjuk;
,ffIikaldk'k , Trj :gksmsu(jhk; arÍ[ fs'
~lPj&sfl'k; fs' t'jH rj'[ sfËj
Seldk'j#lsu'k; , t'jH rj'k;[ sfËjSeluf[
trj)[
~lPj)kdukaj#lsu'[ arÍjhl)j ClÔalulH
LisRy arÍ[ c;Cu\jH rj'k; ,siYelx\jH
rj'k; Qqjildkduk; , fsRy wJijf; arî
SÜC\jH rj'k; , arÍjsRy vlÖlM\jH rj'k;
Qqjildkduk; sv$k'k , L*jsr Li'[
r<[ms/MfjsrSulG\[ pkîDj)kdSul ,
iglrjgj)k'fjsrSulG\[ iUldkhfs/mkdSul
sv$k'j# , T*jsr LiR wr*xjH siS&Ëik;
cO>lzUilrkduk; ,]Ëik; r#
arÍjsRyukmauldkduk; sv$k'Sflm/; , LiR
ClÔaluicFuksm KmaulujfJgj)kduk; sv$k'k
, :sg(jhk; fsRyuiPjuksm dn)[ Lyjukduk;
, LisRy KewJiralGz; Üje[fikaln'[
arÍjhl)kduk; svu[flH LisRy >Jgk\;
LisRy LiPj iGÓj/j)kdSul , LisRy
ejCk)[ KewJir\jH iGÓrSil K!ldk'j# ,
L*jsr t#ldlgU*xk; ixsg rjGÑjfaln'[
arÍjhl)julH Li'[ ~lPj)k' t#l
~kÓjakMkdsx sflMk; LiR Êaj)kduk; , LiR
svu[fsfË[dkË*sx sflMiR eleSalvr;
Sfmkduk; sv$k'k , L#l|kijPj&fjH LiR
f{e[fjs/mkduk; LisRy dHerdsx
Lrkcgj)kduk; , ije\kdxjH Êaj)kduk;
sv$k'k..
Σϑð/≅…Ω Ι&ΣΩ‰<∏ΩΤ∈ ΨŸΩÿ Ψðϑ/≅†ΨŠ ?⇑Ψπ∨Σÿ ⇑Ω∨Ω ϑðΨ/
% ≅… Ξ⇐<′ΞΜ†ΤΤΨŠ ‚Πς"ΜΞ… ]◊ΤΩ‰∼γ±ΘΣ∨ ⇑Ψ∨ ð‡†Ω″ςΚ… :†Ω∨ …
.[: )! ~+

] ≈ (11) χψ∼Ψ∏Ω∅ ]∫πΩ→ ΘΞΡ∇ΨŠ
" L#l|kijsRy Lrkafj Yedlga#lsf ulsflgk
ije\k; ~lPj&jMj# . i#irk; L#l|kijH
ijCIcjcj)k' LisRy |{pus\LiR SrG
iqjujhl)k'fln[ , L#l|k ]f[ dlgUs\
eËjuk; Lyjik=irldk'k . fzl~kR -- 11
)_
] ≈ ð∠Ψ‰?Τ⇓ΩϒΨ√ ⌠≤Ψ⊃πΤ⊕Ω,πΤ♠≅…Ω βΘ⊂Ωš ϑðΨ/≅… ΩŸ∅Ω ΥφΜΞ… ⁄Ψιπ″≅†ΩΤ⊇ …
.[:
" LfjrlH rJÊaj)kd . fJG&uluk;
L#l|kijsRy ilz[plr; cfUaldk'k rjsRy
ele\jr[ rJ eC[vlflej)kduk; sv$kd --
akL[ajR -- 55
9 -- cØlGz; g![fgaldk'k .
1 -- cfU\jSh)k= alGz pGCrik; , covruk;
rHdk' |jplu\[ . Tf[ t#l
c{<[mjdX)kak=fldk'k , Tf[ YeilvdØlG)k; ,
Lisg ejReËjuiG)k; dqjuk'fln[ .
)]
L
] ≈ (52) ξψ∼Ψ⊆Ω,ΤΤ♥ΘΣ∨ ξ•.Ω≤γ″ υς√ΞΜ… ϖΨŸΩΤ,ς√ ð∠Πς⇓ΜΞ…Ω …
.[:
"fJG&uluk; rJ Srglu elfujSh)ldk'k
alGzpGCr; rHdk'f[ " Coyl -- 52
2 -- cØlGz; cIJdgj)kilrk= Kfij
h>j)kdsu'f[ , Tf[ L#l|k LisRy
co<[alhk)xlu LmjadX)[ rHdk' a|\lu
LrkYz|aldk'k , Tfjr[ L#l|kij'#lsf
aËlG)k; clPUa# ,
≈ Σ∫
& :†Ω↑ΩΤÿ ⇑Ω∨ ΨŸΩΤÿ ϑðΩ/≅… ΘΩ⇑Ψ∇ΗΤς√Ω ðŒ‰ΩΤ‰šςΚ… ⌠⇑Ω∨ ΨŸςΤZ ‚Ω" Ω∠Πς⇓ΜΞ… …
.[A: )ÅZ

]
" fJG&uluk; rjr)j<[ms/Misg rjr)[ SrG
iqjujhl)lrlij# , esÊ ,L#l|k
flrkS`Cj)k'isg SrGiqjujhl)k'k -- Dcc[ --
56
10 -- Tylp\[ - KS`C; - L#l|kijsRy

Yzr[F\jH g![ ijPaldk'k .
Q'[ î YeleÖjdik; , ijPj egikalu Tylp\[ -

KS`C; -- , K!lujMk= t#l\jrk; selfkilu
aCJL\[ :dk'k Tf[ . L#l|k KS`Cj)k'f[
K!ldk'k , KS`Cj)l\f[ K!ldk'kaj# , Lf[
K!ldH LrjilgUikaldk'k , t'lH LfjH
f{e[fjuk; , Scr|ik; LrjilgUaldk'j# ,
LfjSrlm/; afegalu Tylp\kaluj
~r[PseMlh#lsf ,

] ≈... Ψψ
∃ ΗΤΩΤ∏π♠ΞΜπ„Ψ√ ΙΣΩ⁄ŸφΤΤ″ —Ω≤πΤ↑ΩΤÿ ΙΣΩΤÿΨŸΩΤÿ ⇐Κς… /
ϑðΣ ≅… Ψ Ξ≤ΣΤÿ ⇑Ω∧ΩΤ⊇ …
.[: )1T;<

]sflglsx SrGiqjujSh)[ ruj)kilR L#l|k
KS`Cj)k'kSil LisRy |{pus\ Tc[hlajSh)[
LiR fky'[ sdlmk)k'fln[ , LR:; -- 125 -
g![ î afegik; ,afrjua*xkaluj ~r[PseM "
Tylp\[" Lf[ KS`Cj)s/M c;zfjSulmk; Lf[
YeiG\j)k'iSglmkak= Scr|ik; ,
YefJÊukaln[ Lf[ dl;Êj)k'f[ ,Tf[
YeleÖjdalu Tylp\[ ~r[Pj)s/Mlh#lsf
K!ldH LrjilgUa# .
)
] ≈ ... Ω≤⌠♥Σ⊕<√≅… Σ¬Σ|ΨŠ ΣŸÿΞ≤ΣΤÿ ‚Ω"Ω Ω≤⌠♥Σ∼<√≅… Σ¬Σ|ΨŠ ϑðΣ/≅… ΣŸÿΞ≤ΣΤÿ... …
.[:
" rj*X)[ LCIlc; rHdkilrln[ L#l|k
KS`Cj)k'f[ , rj*X)[ sBgk); K!l)lR
LiR KS`Cj)k'j# " LH~Dy - 185
YeleÖjdalu "Tylp\[ " rjgkelPjd;

selfkiluk=fldk'k , dlgn; c;>ij&
afegalu "Tylp\[ " t#l; fs' YeleÖjdalu
"Tylp\[kaldk'k ,c;>ij& YeleÖjdalu "Tylp\[
" t#l; fs' afegalu "Tylp\jH c;>ij)k'j#
,Kpl|gnaluj L~J~)G - y - sRy TOalR TO
g![ Tylp\k; ulPlGÒUalujgj)k'k
,Sulwj&fldk'k .--- YeleÖjdalu "Tylp\k; ,
afegalu Tylp\k; --- Trj YeleÖjdalu
"Tylp\[ " alYf; c;>ij&fldk'k L~Jw|[hjsRy
dkE[y[ , L~Jw|[hjsRy ijCIlc; afegaluj
KS`Cj&fln(jhk; YeleÖjdalu "Tylp\jH "
Lf[ c;>ij&jMj# . sfËkdX L#l|k Dp[yjhk; ,
YeleÖjdalu Tylp\jhk; KS`Cj)k'ksi(jhk; ,
afegaluj LiR Lfjsr f{e[fjs/mkdSul
,T<[ms/mkdSul ,dHej)kdSul sv$k'j# , ayj&[
LiR LfjsrfjgjH Sdlej)kduk; ,
siyk)kduk; , Lfjsr rjS<Pj)kduk; ,Lf[
sv$k'isr fl)Jf[ rHdkduk; sv$k'k ,
Tsf#l; fs' LisRy Dp[yldk'k .
t'lH ijCIlcik; , Lrkcgnik; ,
egjCkÓrlu L#l|k T<[ms/mk'k Lfjsr
dHej)k'k , Lf[ YeiG\j)k'ir[ YefjEhik; ,
r# rØ ilz[plr; rHdk'k , egjCkÓrlu
L#l|kijsr LisRy KS`CS\lsmsu#lsf :gk;
Pj)gj)k'j#. LiR KS`Cj)l\sfl'k;
c;>ij)k'j# .
.[: )"E
] ≈... Ω≤∃ πΤ⊃Ρ∇<√≅… ΨΨ †Ω‰Ψ⊕Ψ√ υΩ∂⌠≤ΩΤÿ ‚Ω"Ω …
" fsRy plcØlG rÕjSdm[ dlnj)k'f[ LiR
f{e[fjsemkduj# ," ckaG -- 7
.[S: )
] ≈ (205) Ω †φΤΤ♥Ω⊃<√≅… ϑ〉ˆΨ™ΣΤÿ ‚Ω" Σϑð/≅…Ω …
" rCJdgn; L#l|k T<[ms/mk'j# ,"
LH~Dy -- 205
11 -- Dp[yjsr fmk)k' dlgn*X .

p{@rjC[vuS\lsmuk= YeiG\rik; ,
dlgn; cIJdgj)H , agk'[ , plrPG+; , YelGÒr
fkm*ju dlgn*X akSDr L#l|kijsRy Dp[G
fmk)kdSul , KuG\s/mkdsul sv$k'k , t#l;
fs' L#l|kijsRy DxlL[ , Dp[G :dk'k
~kÓjuk; , pOG~hUik; isg .
12 -- Dp[G î c{<[mjdxjsh L#l|kijsRy

g|cUaldk'k .
Dp[G î c{<[mjdxjsh L#l|kijsRy
g|cUaldk'k si'f[ fjd&k; SzleUalu
dlgUaldk'k .dlgU*xksm ulplGÒU;
L#l|ki#lsf :G)kayjuj# . LfjH Qgk
ark<Urk; t\jSrl)kilR dqjuj# ,
Kpl|gnaluj L=l|kildk'k iqjejq/j)k'fk; ,
cØlGz\jhl)k'fk; , agj/j)k'fk; ,
wjij/j)k'fk; , rHdk'fk; , fmuk'fk;
Lirldk'k .
.[809" 6 ] ".
,9"i_ 5 /n nU" :
r~j - c - eyÉk , " Dp[Gsr c;~r[Pj&[
eyus/MlH Lfjsr rJ ejmj)kd " akc[hj; -
t'lH Dp[yjsRy Lmulx*xk; , ZM*xk; ,

epijdxk; , LfjsRy a|\lu ffIik;
Lm*jujMk= >lz; wr*X)[ ijCpJdgj&[
sdlmk)hk; ,LiG LyjÉjgj)hk;
LrkiprJualdk'k , dlgn; Dp[yjsh ijCIlc;
ijCIlcdlgU*xjsh Q'ldk'k Lf[ LyjÉjgj)hk;
,aÍjhl)jujgj)hk; ~lPUufuldk'k . r~j - c -
wj~[gJH - L - sRy |pJcjH ijCIlcdlgU*X
eyÉf[ Yedlg;
.[809" 6 ] "8,?Q 8,0T 8/$& Yf sC" :
" Lf[ wj~[gJhldk'k rj*X)[ rj*xksm pJR
eAj/j)kilR i'fldk'k -- akc[hj;
13 -- Dp[y[ sdl![ sfxji[ ejmj)H .
tÔln[ c;>ij)kdsu'f[ L#l|kijr[

alYfSaLyjukduk=k aËlG)kaf[ Lyjukduj# ,
Lf[ rjG^r[Pj)seMiG)[ Lw[Élfaldk'k ,
:ufjrlH LfjH :G)k; sfxjij# ,
ijPjakRdm'jgj)k'ksi'[ eyÉ[ rjglCrluj
YeiG\r*sx KSeÊj)H LrkiprJua# , Dp[G
:G)k; fs' L#l|kijs'fjgjShl , LisRy
c{<[mjdXs)fjgjShl sfxji# , Trj
:Gs)(jhk; flR sv$k' sfËjr[ Dp[y[ sdl![
sfxji[ ejmj)lalujgks'(jH Qgk LYdajuk;
CjÊj)s/mkalujgk'j# , Qgk akC[gj)k;
iPj)s/mkalujgk'j# , Qgk ijPjuk;
rm/jhl)kalujgk'j# , Qglxk; QgksfËjsruk;
fmk)kdukaj# , Tf[ af\jhk; , pkRulikhk;
dkq/aldk'k LfjsRy egjnjf Eh;
LyjuseMfkaldk'k .
Trj Dp[y[ sdl![ sfxji[ ejmj)k'iSrlm[

rak)[ eyul; rJ cIGz\jShl rgd\jShlsu
iUd[falu Lyji[ rjsRyumk\kS!lsu'[ ,
rjr)*sr Lyjukalujgks'(jH rl; rjS'lm[
dHej)kdsul ijSglPj)kdSul sv$kalujgj'j# ,
:ufjrlH cS|lpgl rJ egjYCaj)kd vjhS/X
L#l|k rjr)[ cIGz\jH YeSiCj)kilR
KfijrHdjSu)l; .
)* N03 k 92" Y,_
0O" : 5 +GH !O Yv k
!" %/ !" )QT9 YC& YT 9229_ QT9 YC& !" %/ !_
".L YC& YT 9229_ L YC&
Dp[yjsRy |pJc[ SdMS/lX vjh cI|l~jdX
eyÉk , TS/lX akfH BlR dkmkfH
egjYCaj)k'irldk'k , Dp[y[ sdl![ sfxji[
ejmj)k'fjsr eËj Svlpj&S/lX r~j - c -
eyÉk rj*X YeiG\j)o , Lfjr[ Si!j
c{<[mj& t#l txk/alGz\jhosmuk; , :sg(jhk;
cO>lzU\jrkmauln(jH cO>lzU; h>j)kilrk=
YeiG\r*X Li'[txk/al)jsdlmk)k'k ,
:sg(jhk; pOG>lzU\jrkmauln(jH Li'[
Lfjrk= alGzik; txk/al)jsdlmk)k'k ,ejs'
TO :uS\lfj ,
ΣΣ≤ΠΨ♥ΩΤ∼Σ⇒Ω♥ΩΤ⊇ (6) υΩ⇒πΤ♥Σ™<√≅†ΨŠ Ω⊄ϑðŸΩ″Ω (5) υΩ⊆ΤΠςΤZ≅…Ω υς≠∅ςΚ… ⌠⇑Ω∨ †Πς∨ςΚ†ΩΤ⊇ …
υΩ⇒πΤ♥Σ™<√≅†ΨŠ ð‡ΠςϒΩ{Ω (8) υΩΤ⇒πΤΤ⊕ΩΤ,♠≅…Ω ΩΨµð ?⇑Ω∨ †Πς∨Κς…Ω (7) υΩ≤♥Σ∼<∏Ψ√
.[S=:m )Y20
] ≈ (10) υΩ≤π♥Σ⊕<∏Ψ√ ΙΣΣ≤ΘΨ♥ΩΤ∼Σ⇒Ω♥ΩΤ⊇ (9)
t'lH ]sflglX plr; rh[dkduk; ,
coÊ[af elhj)kduk; ,]Ëik; K\aalufjsr
cfUs/mk\kduk; svu[fkSil Li'k rl; ]Ëik;
txk/alufjSh)[ cOdgUs/mk\jsdlmk)k'fln[ .
t'lH:G ejCk)[ dlnj)kduk; , cIu;
egUle[ff rmj)kduk; , ]Ëik; K\aalufjsr
rjS<Pj&f=kduk; svu[fkSil Li'k rl;
]Ëik; sBgk)ak=fjSh)[
cOdgUsalgk)jsdlmk)k'fln[ . sshH - 5 -- 10
14 -- dlgns\ cIJdgj)H .
g![ dlgUa#lsf Lmjauksm SaH Q'k;

YefUÊs/mk'j# , Q'[ Li'fjsr fmk)kilR
clPj)k'k , asËl'[ Lfi'[ fmk)kilR
clPj)k'j# , K'frk; egjCkÓrkalu L#l|k
Qgk ije\[ igk'fjr[ akSÙ Lfjsr eËj
Lyjuk'k , t'lH LiR Lfjsr
LyjÉksi'f# : akcJ~\[ akcJ~\luj
c;>ij)kilR dlgn; , ayj&[ fkmG&ulu vjh
dlgn*xldk'k Lf[ c;>ij/j&f[ ,Trj
:ije\jH rj'[ fs' c;gÊj)k'
alGz*sxuk; , dlgn*sxuk; cIJdgj&[ sdl![
:ije\jsr f'jH rj'[ fmSu!f[ Li'[
~lPUfuldk'k ,Tf[ af\jH
dHej)seMfkaldk'k ,Trj :dlgn*sxl'k;
fs' cIJdgj)lsf LSrI<j)lsf :ije\jH
sv'[ vlmkduln(jH LiR :SÊelG|rldk'k
, Trj LiR :dlgn*sx cIJdgj)k'fjhk;
LSrI<j&[ d![ejmj)k'fjsr sflMk; LiR
LCd[frln(jH LiR Qqji[dqjik=irldk'k .
dlgn*sxcIJdgj)kdsu'f[ Dp[yjsruk; ,
fi)khjsruk; rjS<Pj)h# ayj&[ Lf[
LfjsRysulgk >lzaldk'k , t'lH Qgk ijPj
i'lH Lfjsr f{e[fjs/mhk; , cIJdgj)hk;
rjG^r[Paldk'k , fkmG'[ rJ TO il)jSh)[
am*kduk; sv$kd " L#l|k ijPj&k LiR
KS`Cj&f[ YeiG\j)kduk; svu[fk " t'lH
Lf[c;>ij)k'fjr[ akÙ[ ijPjsu ijPjsdl![
fmk)hk; , afrjua\jH LrkiprJualu
dlgn*X cIJdgj)hk; ~kÓjuk; ijSidikak=
Qgk\r[ ~lPUfuldk'k , L#l|kijsRy
ckgÊjffIak!lujMk; pjiU cSÕC\lH
Cd[fglujMk; YeilvdØlG CYfk)xjH rj'k;
gÊdjMkilR Si!j alGÏ*xk; dlgn*xk;
cIJdgj&jgk'k , fi)kH sv$k'igksm Srflilu
ak|+p[ r~j - c - dlgn*X cIJdgj&jgk'k
fsRy gÊjflijH Cd[falu >gSaHej&jM[domj .
Ξ∼Ω<√≅… γ•†ΩΤŠΘΨ⁄ ⇔Ψ∨Ω ω〈ΘΩΣΤ∈ ⇑ΨΘ∨ ψΣ,Τ⊕ς≠ΩΤ,♠≅… †ΘΩ∨ ¬Σς√ Ν…ΘΣŸΤΤΨ∅ςΚ…Ω …
.[AS: ):;<

] ≈ ¬Σ{ΘΩΣŸΩ∅Ω ϑðΨ/≅… ΘΩΣŸΩ∅ −ΨΨŠ φΣ‰Ψ∑⌠≤ΣΤZ
"Lisg SrgjmlR Si!j rj*xksm
dqjijH seM t#l Cd[fjuk; , sdMjrjG\ju
dkfjgdsx
uk; , rj*X Qgk)kd . LfkakSDr
L#l|kijsRyuk; ,rj*xksmuk; CYfk)sx
>us/mk\kilR Si!j " - LRElH -- 60
Ν…ΣΤ∏Σ{Ω †ΩΞ‰Ψ†ΩΤ⇒Ω∨ ℑ Ν…Σ↑∨≅†ΩΤ⊇ ‚⊥"ΣΤ√ς′ ð≥⁄Κς‚≅… Σ¬Ρ∇ς√ ΩΩ⊕Ω– ΨϒΠς√≅… ΩΣ∑ …
.[: )h0k

] ≈ (15) Σ⁄ΣΣ↑ΠΡ⇒√≅… ΨΤ∼ς√ΜΞ…Ω −∃ΨΨπ∈ƒΘΞ⁄ ⇑Ψ∨
"Lirldk'k rj*X)[ Si!j >oajSu
ijSPual)j f'iR . LfjrlH LfjsRy "vkahk"
dxjhosm rj*X rm)kduk; , LisRy
KewJir\jH rj'[ rj*X >Êj)kduk;
svu[f[sdl=kd , Li(Sh)[ fs'uln[
KujGs\qkS'He[ - akHd[ -- 15 ,
d )2T !"#k !" U [G& 43 r
!"#k" :
h & %U )ET$ H !T+ )hT:? " w0O ³G )43 Y/
" 5 :Y !, )s/ s/ %, s/ ^0T_ D&
:Y$ ._ >o7
.[809" 6 ] ".%x2L YO B+:$
%µ_ )YT_ >7
" r~j - c - eyÉk " pkG^hrlu
ijCIlcjSu)lX L#l|k T<[ms/mk'f[ Cd[frlu
ijCIlcjSuuldk'k , t#l\jhk; rØuk![ , rjr)[
Kedlgak= dlgUs\sflM[ rJ egjYCaj)kd ,
rjr)[ ~lPj& dlgUs\ dkyj&[ rJ
LCd[frldgkf[ , Lf[Selsh BlR T*sr
YeiG\j&jgks'(jH T*sr
c;>ij)kalujgk'ksi'[ rJ eyugkf[ , esÊ rJ
eyukd L#l|k ijPj&fk; , LiR KS`Cj&fk;
BlR YeiG\j&k , dlgn;-t(jH-t' il)[
ejClvjsRy YeiG\raldk'k fkm); dkyj)k'f[ .
" akc[hj; ,
15 -- Dp[yjsr rjS<Pj&isRy ijPj .
:sg(jhk; Dp[yjsr rjS<Pj&lH LiR af

rjua\jsRy Lmj\ysuuldk'k
rjS<Pj&jgj)k'f[ :ufjrlH LiR
dlEjylujgj)k'k , chEj - y - dX vjhG
eyÉjMk![ ijw[Élr; sdl![ Dp[yjsr
rjS<Pj&iSglm[ rj*X ilpYefjilp; rm\kd ,
Trj LiG Lfjsr rjS<Pj&lH Lisg rj*X
dlEjykdxl)kd Trj LiG L;zJdgj&lH
Lisg doMkdlgkal)kd .
16 -- Dp[yjsh ijCIlc; sdl!k= Eh*X

.
iUd[fjdX)k; , cao|\jrk; rØrHdk' r#
Lmulx*xk; , K\aalu Eh*xkak![ DxlL[
Dp[yjsh ijCIlc\jr[ .
1 -- Tf[ cfkfUG|alu ijSC<n*xksmuk; ,

c;CkÓalu :glPruksmuk; ijijPujr*X
iGÓj/j)k'k , Kpl|gnaluj . L#l|kijr[ alYf;
rjC[dx(s/mkd , LirjH >gSaH/j)kd ,
LirjH rj'k= >u; , LirjH YefJÊuGej)kd,
LirjH r#f[ alYf; KO|j)kd , Êauk;
arîdgk\k; h>j)k'k , rjglCsu LdËkd ,
L#l|kijH f{e[fjs/mkd ,LisRy dlgknU\jhk;
, SYC<[mfujhk; , cSÔl<\jhk; Li'[ alYf;
rÕjsv$kd. a|lrk; Yeflejukalu L#l|kij'[
ijrulrIjfglikd. L|(lg; KSeÊj)kd ,
L#l|kijH ijCIcj&[ r#alGz\jhk= Pr;
vjhiqj)H iGÓj/j)k'k , ssc[fgUik; ,ak'jmhk;
, f{e[fjuk; ,arÍjr[ Yefleik; iGÓj)k'k.
arî)gk\k; ,p{@rjC[vuik; , egjYCaik; ,
~kÓjakMkdxjhk;, rØujhk; cÔkhf ekhG\k'k.
ejÔjgjuhjHrj'k; , LcouujH rj'k;
gÊh>j)k' Sflm/; sdM[dFdxjH rj'k; ,
rjgGÒdalufjH rj'k; ~kÓj cIfYÔaldk'k
arÍjr[ calPlrik; , |{pu\jr[ ClÔjuk;
h>j)k'k.
2 -- Dp[yjH ijCIcj)k'isRy wJijf; r#

elr[Flijhosmuln[ vhj&[sdl!jgj)k'f[ ,
rØujH L|(gj)kdSul , ije\kdxjH
rjglCs/mkdSul sv$j# , Li'[ ~lPj&
~kÓjakMkdX L#l|kijsRy ijPjuk;
egJÊnikaln'[ LiR Ky&[ ijCIcj)k'k ,
LiR egjY>as/mlsf Êaj)kduk; ,YefjEh;
dl;Êj)kduk; sv$k'k .
3 -- vJ\ulu egUliclr\jH rj'k; ,

iqjSdmjsRy dlgn\jH rj'k; Lisr
c;gÊj)k'k , cHdG+*X LPjfgj/j)kilrk; ,
r#alGÏ\jH Ky&[ rjH)kilRk; Si!j tS/lqk;
egjYCaj)k'k , sfËjH rj'k; ,ele\jH rj'k;
ijM[rjH)kduk;sv$k'k.
4 -- cfU ijCIlcjdX)[ dlgn*sx

cIJdgj)k'Sflm/; ~kÓjakMkdsxuk; ,
d<[m/lmkdsxuk; L>jakdJdgj)kilR Ky& arÍk;
, eoGnalu Ky/k; h>j)k'k .
HU hn 2 )43 * *0/ 6"& %U !"#k "< VO" :
> *+ & %U )* V43 %,_ ,7 > *+ & %U )!"#0
.[809" 6 ] ".* V43 %,_
" r~j - c - eyuk'k Qgk cfU ijCIlcjuksm
dlgU; :C[vgUdg; fs' Li'[ tÔ[
~lPj&lhk; Lfi'[ zkndgaldk'k , Tf[
ijCIlcj)#lsfaËlG)kaj# , Li'[tsÔ(jhk;
rØ h>j&lH LiR rÕjsv$k'k Lfi'[
zkndgaldk'k , Trj Li'[ tsÔ(jhk;
~kÓjakM[ ~lPj&lH LiR Êaj)kduk; sv$k'k
Lfk; Li'[ zkndgaldk'k . akc[hj; .
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Ijcilc Dlgu X: Copj Lsy U K'F Ijpul Ulc Ayôlhu TC (Hlajd (CG%DHLCLH Apjr Akr%Y Ijw (Élr Zsi L LZ

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cOpj LSy~U

K'f ijpUl>Ulc aYÔlhu;

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(2) Ω⇐ΣΤ∏Πς{ΩΩ,Ωÿ ψΞΨΘΤŠΩ⁄ υς∏Ω∅Ω †_Τ⇒ΗΤΩ∧ÿΜΞ… ¬ΣΤZΩ …Ωƒ ΙΣΣ,ΗΤΩΤÿ…ƒ∫ ¬Ξ∼ς∏Ω∅ πŒΩ∼Ψ∏ΣΤZ

Σ¬Σ∑ ð∠ΜΞ;ΗΤΤς√ΟΚΡ… (3) Ω⇐Σ⊆Ψ⊃⇒Σÿ ¬ΣΗΤΩΤπ⇒∈ΩƒΩ⁄ †ΘΩ∧Ψ∨Ω Ω〈λς∏ϑð±√≅… Ω⇐Σ∧∼Ψ⊆Σÿ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅…

.[=  ::;<

.[@A  :>9?

.[  :B+:

.[  :>9?

LiR KS`Cj)k'f[ s&$k'k , LiR

.[ )  %+ :

.[A :  )%O P

φΣŸΨ™<∏ΣΤÿ Ω⇑ÿΨϒΠς√≅… Ν…Σ⁄Ω′Ω †∃ ΩΨŠ ΣΣ∅ ≅†ΩΤ⊇ υΩ⇒π♥Σ™<√≅… Σ∫:†Ω∧♠Κς‚≅… ΨΠς∏Ψ√Ω …

TO ijCIlc; rjhsdl=k'f[ a|\lu g![

.[ :  )

2- Ky)[, dqjij#lu[a, Ld[Éf, LYda;

.[ :  )`_

L#l|kijsRy K'f rla*xjhk; LfUk\a

1-- ijCkÓDkG:rk;, fjgk ck'\k;, rak)[

†ΘΩ∧∅ ϑðΨ/≅… Ω⇑ΗΤΩ™‰ΤΣ♠ Σ⁄& ΘΨιΩ|Ω,Σ∧<√≅… Σ⁄†ΘΩ‰φΤΤ•<√≅… Σ∞ÿΞ∞Ω⊕<√≅… 〉⇔Ψ∧∼ΩΣ∧<√≅…

.[@ :  )Lb

2 -- TO rla*X t#l; fs' L#l|k cIu;

3-- TO K'falu rla*X ixsg egjeoGnalu

4--- : rla*X KXsdl=k' :Cus\

5 -- : rla*xksm SfMsaS'ln; igk' t#l

SaHijigj& LÖ[ dlgU*xk; L#l|k cIu;

1- ijCkÓ DkG:rjhk; fjgk

2- ijCkÓ DkG:rjhosm TO rla; L#l|k

4-- (ّ‫ )ا‬SdXij t' K'falu ijSC<ns\

5-- L#l|k t#l; SdX)ksa'[ rl;

L#l|kijsRy K'f ijSC<n*X

4 -- : ijSC<n\jsRy goe; t*jsruln'[

SaHijigj& LÖ[ dlgU*X )

1 --- af\jsRy Lmjc[Flr Yealn*X

3 -- cj;|lcr\jhk= LisRy :Sgl|ns\

5 -- TfjsRy fkmG&suS'ln; K!ldk'

.[@A :  )Yz?

.[ :  ) ?2

uplGÒ sspisa'lH .. |{pu;

.[A :  )|b

1 -- af\jsRy YeFaik; , YePlrik;

3 -- ~kÓjuk;, ijSidikak= YelueoG\jukalu

fO|JpjsRy ---- ّ‫  ا‬

Tf[ g![ ijPaldk'k. Q'[- rjG^r[Palufk;,

2 -- L#l|kij'[ rjG^r[Paluk; eoGnalS)!

3 -- fsRy YefjEh\jH rUorf igk', LfjsRy

ck'\lu dlgU; ......

Tf[ ck'\lujuln[ dHej)s/Mjgj)k'f[.

1 -- (‫ إ ن‬ê rØuksm t#l ZM*Sxuk;

2 -- (&') pU@rjC[vu\jsRy t#l ZM*Sxuk;

4 -- L#l|kijSrlm[ alYf; Svlpj&[ c{<[mjdsx

6 -- ck'\lu dlgU*sx#l; svu[f[

T*sr SaHeyÉgoe\jH fO|Jpjsr

.[ :  )>9?

.[:  )1T;<

fO|JpjsRy ijegJf; CjG)ldk'k.

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.[ :B+:

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4-- (ّ‫ )ا‬SdXij t' K'falu ijSC<ns\

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fO|JpjsRy ---- ّ‫ ا‬

1 -- (‫ إ ن‬ê rØuksm t#l ZM*Sxuk;

2 -- (&') pU@rjC[vu\jsRy t#l ZM*Sxuk;

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ð♦∧ϑðΤ↑√≅…Ω Ω⁄†ΩΘΩΤ⇒√≅…Ω ΩΤΤ∼Πς√≅… Ω⊂ς∏Ω ΨϒΠς√≅… ΩΣ∑Ω (32) Ω⇐Σ∂Ξ≤⊕Σ∨ †ΩΨ,ΗΤΩΤÿ…ƒ∫

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