Centre Number Candidate Number Name

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY 0620/02
Paper 2
May/June 2003

1 hour
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials required

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE

3
If you have been given a label, look at the
details. If any details are incorrect or 4
missing, please fill in your correct details
in the space given at the top of this page. 5

Stick your personal label here, if 6

provided.
TOTAL

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

SP (SC) S33034/4
© CIE 2003 [Turn over
 2 For
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1 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

I II III IV V VI VII 0
He
Li C N O F Ne
Na S Cl Ar
K Fe Cu Zn Br Kr

(a) Answer these questions using only the elements shown in the diagram.

Write down the symbol for an element which

(i) is a transition metal. Fe [I]

(ii) forms an acidic oxide. C [I]

(iii) has six electrons in its outer shell. O [I]

(iv) has a giant covalent structure. C [I]

(v) reacts rapidly with water. Li [I]

(vi) has a higher proton (atomic) number than iron. Cu [I]

[6]

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(b) Some uses of some non-metallic elements are show below.

Draw lines between the boxes to link the elements to their correct uses.

The first one has been done for you.

element use

oxygen in light bulbs

in oxygen tents in
argon
hospitals

to kill bacteria in water

chlorine
purification

carbon (graphite) in balloons

helium as a lubricant

[4]

(c) The structures of some halogen compounds are shown below.

Na+ Cl – Na+ F
I F
Cl Cl Cl – Na+ Cl – Br F
F
Cl F
Na+ Cl – Na+

A B C

(i) Describe the type of bonding in compound A.

covalent - NB 2 non-metals bonded together

................................................................................................................................... [I]
(ii) State the simplest formula for compound C.
Br F 5 or F 5 Br
................................................................................................................................... [I]
(iii) Explain why compound B does not conduct electricity when solid but does conduct
when molten.

I Compound B has ions or charged particles

...................................................................................................................................[I]
2 These cannot move in the solid but are free to move in
...............................................................................................................................[4] [I]
liquid.
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2 A student investigates the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
The hydrochloric acid is in excess.
The student uses the apparatus shown in the diagram.

hydrogen gas
gas syringe

small test
tube held by
a piece of
cotton

zinc power
hydrochloric acid

(a) What should the student do to start the reaction?

drop tube into acid or loosen cotton or allow zinc and acid to
......................................................................................................................................[1] [I]
mix, or let go of cotton
(b) The student reads the volume of gas in the syringe every minute.
The results are shown in the table.

time in minutes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
volume of gas in cm3 0 23 35 45 50 53 55 55

(i) Plot the results on the grid on page 5.

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60

50

40
volume of gas / cm3

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
time / min

(ii) Draw the best curve through the points.

[I]
(iii) Explain why the volume of gas stays the same after six minutes.

no more gas produced / reaction has stopped

...................................................................................................................................[I]
all zinc used up
...............................................................................................................................[5] [I]
a
(c) The student does the experiment again.
The only difference is that the student uses warm, rather than cold,
hydrochloric acid.
On the grid, draw the shape of the graph you would expect for the
experiment with the warm hydrochloric acid. [I]
[2]
[I]
.

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 6 For
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(d) (i) Balance the equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
I x Zn + 2 x Cl + 2 x H atom
Zn + 2
… HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

(ii) Name the compound which has the formula ZnCl2.

zinc chloride
................................................................................................................................... [I]
(iii) Calculate the relative formula mass of ZnCl2.

Zn = 65
2 x Cl= 2x35.5 = 7I
I36
[3]

(e) Zinc is an element.

State the meaning of the term element.

The best definition of an element is that all the atoms have

......................................................................................................................................
the same proton number
..................................................................................................................................[1]

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3 The states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
The diagram below shows how the molecules are arranged in these three states.

melting A

B C

SOLID LIQUID GAS

(a) State the name given to the change of state labelled

(i) evaporation or boiling or vaporisation (NB liquid -> gas)

A ...............................................................................................................................

(ii) freezing or solidification (NB liquid to solid)

B ...............................................................................................................................

(iii) condensing or condensation or liquefaction (NB gas to liquid)

C ................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Which one of the following best describes the movement of molecules in the liquid
state?

Tick one box.

The molecules are not moving from place to place.

The molecules are sliding over each other.

The molecules are moving freely.

[1]

(c) Which of the changes A, B or C, is endothermic?

Explain your answer.

I A
.......................................................................................................................................... [I]
2......................................................................................................................................[2]
You need to heat a liquid to boil it that is supply energy or [I]
energy is needed to overcome the forces that hold the particles
together in the liquid state.

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 8 For
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(d) Choose from the following list of substances to answer the questions below.

bromine
chlorine
iron
mercury
sodium chloride
sulphur

Name a substance which is

(i) chlorine
a gas at room temperature. ......................................................................................

(ii) bromine
a non-metallic liquid at room temperature. ...............................................................

(iii) Sodium chloride

a compound which is a solid at room temperature. ...................................................
[3]

(e) A student set up the apparatus shown in the diagram below.

glass tube

X rubber bung

cotton wool soaked in cotton wool soaked in

ammonia solution concentrated hydrochloric acid

The white solid is formed because the molecules of hydrogen chloride gas and
ammonia gas move at random throughout the tube and eventually react with each other.

(i) State the name given to this random movement of molecules.

Diffusion
................................................................................................................................... [I]
(ii) State the name of the white solid formed at X.

ammonium chloride
................................................................................................................................... [I]
(iii) Suggest why the white solid is formed towards one end of the tube and not in the
middle.

ammonia diffuses or moves faster or hydrogen chloride diffuses

...................................................................................................................................
more slowly or molecules of ammonia and hydrogen chloride
...............................................................................................................................[3] [I]
move at different speeds or ammoniia molecules are lighter than hydrogen chloride.
(f) What type of chemical reaction takes place when ammonia reacts with hydrochloric
acid?

neutralisation or acid/base
......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(g) The diagram below shows a simple apparatus that can be used for measuring the
melting point of a solid.
The liquid in the beaker is heated slowly and the temperature at which the solid B melts
is recorded.

small tube

stirrer

liquid solid B

heat

(i) State the name of the piece of apparatus labelled A.

thermometer
...................................................................................................................................
[I]
(ii) Solid B melted at 155oC.
Why would water not be a suitable liquid to put in the beaker when using this
apparatus to find the melting point of solid B?

boiling point of water is too low to melt solid

................................................................................................................................... [I]
boiling point of water cannot get to I55 C
...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest why the liquid needs to be kept stirred.

To ensure all liquid at the same temperature or so that tube

...................................................................................................................................
is at the same temperature as thermometer
...............................................................................................................................[3]
[I]

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4 Catalytic cracking is carried out by oil companies to produce high grade petrol.
The process is carried out using an aluminium oxide catalyst.
The reaction is a type of thermal decomposition.

(a) Explain the meaning of

(i) thermal decomposition.

breaking down of a substance using heat

................................................................................................................................... [I]
...................................................................................................................................

(ii) catalyst.

substance which speeds up a reaction

................................................................................................................................... [I]
..............................................................................................................................[2]

(b) A typical ‘cracking’ reaction is

C10H22 → C8H18 + C2H4

State the name of the unsaturated compound in this equation.

ethene
......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The table shows some of the products obtained by cracking 100g of different ‘fractions’
under the same conditions.

products obtained / g per 100g of ‘fraction’ cracked

‘fraction’
cracked hydrogen methane ethene petrol

ethane 10 5 75 2

paraffin 1 15 30 23

diesel 0 6 20 17

(i) Which ‘fraction’ is the best source of fuel for cars?

paraffin
................................................................................................................................... [I]
(ii) Calculate the amount of paraffin ‘fraction’ needed to make 600g of methane.

From table:
I5g of methane from I00 g of paraffin fraction
Ig " " " I00 " " "
I5
600g " " " I00 x 600 = 4000g [I]
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(iii) Complete the equation for the cracking of ethane to produce hydrogen and ethene.
C H
2 4 H
C2H6 → ……………… + 2
……………… [2]
[4]

(d) Ethene can be polymerised to form poly(ethene).

(i) Complete the equation below to show the structure of two units in the
poly(ethene) molecule.

H H H H H H H H
C C + C C → C C C C [I]
H H H H H H H H
or -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH2 -CH 2
(ii) State the name given to this type of polymerisarion.

addition
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[I]

5 A precipitate may be formed when two aqueous solutions are mixed. The colour of these
precipitates may be used to identify particular aqueous ions.

(a) Complete the following table.

solution to be added to
ion under test test for the ion colour of precipitate
sodium hydroxide or green or green-grey
iron(II)
aqueous ammonia precipitate
silver nitrate or lead yellow precipitate
iodide
nitrate yellow precipitate
chloride silver nitrate white precipitate

sulphate barium chloride/nitrate white precipitate

[8]

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 12 For
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(b) When a solution of iron(III) chloride is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide, a
precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide is formed and sodium chloride remains in solution.

sodium chloride solution

iron(III) hydroxide

Explain how you would obtain a pure dry sample of sodium chloride from this mixture.
You may use diagrams to help with your explanation.

I filtration filter paper

iron(iii) hydroxide [I]

sodium chloride solution [I]

2 Evaporate water water evaporating
from sodium
chloride solution to evaporating dish
obtain a dry sample solution of sodium
chloride
heat [3] [I]
(c) Sodium chloride and iron(III) hydroxide are both compounds.
Explain the meaning of the term compound.

different elements or atoms

..........................................................................................................................................[I]
chemically joined or bonded or combined
..................................................................................................................................... [2] [I]

(d) Molten sodium chloride can be electrolysed using graphite electrodes.

Predict the products of this electrolysis

(i) chlorine or CL 2
at the anode .............................................................................................................. [I]
(ii) at the cathode sodium or Na
.......................................................................................................... [I]
[2]

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6 This question is about different metals.

The list below shows part of the metal reactivity series .

potassium more reactive

magnesium
aluminium
zinc
iron
copper less reactive

(a) From this list, choose a metal which is extracted using electrolysis.
Any one of the top three K, Mg or AL
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[I]
(b) Two thousand years ago, people were able to extract iron and copper from their ores.
They were not able to extract aluminium.

Suggest why they were not able to extract aluminium from its ore.
they did not have electricity or they did not know about electrolysis
..........................................................................................................................................
or......................................................................................................................................[1]
they did not know the metal existed
[I]
(c) Uranium is between magnesium and zinc in the reactivity series.

Equal sized strips of magnesium, uranium and zinc were placed in hydrochloric acid.
The hydrochloric acid was the same concentration.
The results are shown in the table.

(i) Complete the result for uranium and hydrochloric acid.

metal observations on adding to hydrochloric acid

magnesium many bubbles of gas produced very rapidly and

magnesium dissolves quickly

uranium bubbles produced slower than magnesium

but faster than zinc
zinc a few bubbles produced at a steady rate and zinc [I]
dissolves slowly

(ii) Uranium has several isotopes which are radioactive.

One of these isotopes is uranium – 235 (235U).

What do you understand by the term isotopes?

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers or

................................................................................................................................... [I]
different number of neutrons or different number of nucleons
...................................................................................................................................

(iii) State one use of uranium –235.

Nuclear energy or nuclear power stations or atomic bomb

...............................................................................................................................[3] [I]
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 14 For
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(d) Metals high in the reactivity series react readily with oxygen.
Name the compound formed when magnesium reacts with oxygen.
Magnesium oxide
......................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) Copper is alloyed with tin to make bronze.

(i) State what is meant by the term alloy.

Mixture of different metals

................................................................................................................................... [I]
...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest why metals are often used in the form of alloys.
because harder or stronger or less malleable or tougher or more
...................................................................................................................................

resistant to corrosion or heat or electrical resistance increased.

...................................................................................................................................
[I]
...............................................................................................................................[2]

(f) Zinc can be extracted by heating zinc oxide with carbon.

ZnO + C → Zn + CO

Explain why carbon is a reducing agent (reductant) in this reaction.

removes oxygen from zinc oxide, it is reduced to zinc.
.......................................................................................................................................... [I]
..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(g) Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber Process for making ammonia.

3H2 + N2 2NH3

(i) What does the sign mean?

reversible or equilibrium
................................................................................................................................... [I]
(ii) What is the approximate percentage of nitrogen in the air?

78%
...............................................................................................................................[2]

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(h) Magnesium is in group II of the Periodic Table.

(i) Draw a diagram to show the electronic structure of magnesium.

[I]
Mg 2+8+2
(ii) Explain what happens to the magnesium atom when it reacts and forms a
magnesium ion.

loses two electrons or loses its valency electrons or forms

...............................................................................................................................[3] [2]
Mg 2+ by losing electrons
[I] + [I]

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 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

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Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

226 227

Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
†90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
Summary of Examiner’s Notes in IGCSE Chemistry
Paper 2 June 2003
Page: 2
Q1 (a) i Any one from Fe, Cu and Zn

Q1 (a) ii Most non-metals except hydrogen and noble gases

Q1 (a) iii an element in Group VI, O, S

Q1 (a) iv Only carbon in table above

Q1 (a) v Metals in Group I

Li, Na and K

Q1 (a) vi Any element in the same period as Fe and to the right of it

Cu, Zn, Br, Kr

Page: 3
Q1 (b) (oxygen) oxygen supports respiration

Q1 (b) (carbon) because of its layer structure graphite is slippery

Q1 (b) (in light bulbs) Argon is inert, it does not react with filament

Q1 (b) (in balloons) Helium is less dense than air

Page: 4

Q2 need to answer a

Q2 You are told that hydrochloric acid is in excess therefore all the zinc will
react

Q2 (b) i All points plotted correctly scores 2

-1 per mistake or omission
Page: 5

Q2 (b) i NB every square = 1 cm³

Q2 (b) ii Smooth curve and through origin (0, 0)

Q2 (c) The reaction will go faster but because the amounts of chemicals are the
same it will produce the same final volume of gas.
Faster initial rate (steeper slope initially) through (0, 0) ends up at 55cm³

Page: 6

Q2 (d) I x Zn + 2 x Cl + 2 x H atom
Need to multiply HCI by 2. Balance hydrogen and chlorine atoms

Q2 (d) iii Remember the '2' only multiplies the chloride. Use relative atomic mass
65
Zn i.e. is 65 for zinc.
30

Q2 (e) Other acceptable definitions are:

Substance containing only one type of atom.
Substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by
chemical means. This is essential to gain mark.
Common mistake - an element is a pure substance, as compounds
can be pure, e.g. you can have pure water but it contains two elements
so it is a compound.

Page: 7

Q3 To avoid mistakes label diagram

Q3 (a) ii NOT fusion

Q3 (b) Do NOT be tempted to tick more than one box.

Q3 (b) This refers to solid when the molecules can only vibrate about their
position.
Q3 (b) They are close together but can move past each other - so sliding over
each other is a good description.

Q3 (b) This relates to gases where the molecules are far apart and the inter-
molecular forces are very weak

Page: 8

Q3 (d) ii bromine and mercury are both liquids at room temperature but mercury
is a metal

Q3 (d) iii in fact it is the only compound; all the others are elements

Q3 (e) ammonia molecules have moved further in the same time

Q3 (e) Hydrogen chloride molecules move more slowly and travel less distance, so
they meet and react nearer the hydrogen chloride end.

Q3 (e) i NOT Brownian motion

Q3 (e) ii ammonia chloride is wrong

Q3 (e) iii They would only meet in the middle if the molecules moved at the same
speed.

Q3 (e) iii The best answer is:

ammonia molecules are lighter than hydrogen chloride molecules so
they move/diffuse faster

Page: 9

Q3 (g) ii Must refer to melting point of solid to gain mark.

Q3 (g) ii NOT boiling point of water is only 100°C

Page: 10

Q4 (a) ii Idea of increasing rate is essential.

NOT alters or changes rate.

Q4 (b) Cn H2n + 2
alkane

Q4 (b) CnH2n
alkene

Q4 (c) greatest amount of petrol per 100g

Q4 (c) ii Must have units

Page: 11

Q4 (c) iii ethene

Q4 (c) iii hydrogen

Q4 (d) i Must show continuation

Q4 (d) ii Only one product, monomers adds to produce a single product

Page: 12

Q5 (b) NOT decant

Q5 (b) NOT just filtrate

Q5 (d) i NOT chloride

'2' is essential

Q5 (d) ii Anode is + electrode, CL¯ attracted, becomes chlorine gas

Cathode is - electrode, Na+ attracted, becomes sodium metal
Page: 13

Q6 (a) K is potassium

Q6 (b) A specific comment is needed, NOT a general comment - 'they did not
have the right technology'

Q6 (c) i any statement that indicates that the reactivity is between magnesium and
aluminium

Q6 (c) ii 'Atoms' is essential; not molecules or compounds

Q6 (c) ii The best answer is;

isotopes are atoms of the same element which have the same proton
number but different nucleon numbers

Page: 14

Q6 (d) a correct formula MgO is acceptable

Q6 (e) ii Must be a specific reason.

You are advised to select just one reason (only one mark) and do not offer
a list.

Q6 (e) ii NOT to improve properties; NOT cheaper; NOT higher melting point

Q6 (f) Explanations based on oxidation number and electron transfer would be

acceptable but the above is a simple and clear answer.

Q6 (g) ii Answer marked as correct limits 76 → 80%

Page: 15

Q6 (h) i You have to give a diagram as requested in the

question.