Integrated Circuits

& the 555

 Integrated Circuits
History
• tubes and valves
• transistor - 1947 Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ
 IC Families
How logic gates are configured…
• TTL
• CMOS
 IC Families
• TTL - Transistor-Transistor Logic

• CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

 IC Families
TTL - Transistor-Transistor Logic
• 74xx designation, i.e., 7447,7490, etc. digital devices
• Requires 5 volt supply (max. 5.5 volts)
• moderately high current draw
• Includes 74Lxx & 74LSxx designations (74L47, 74LS47) that have significantly lower current requirements
 IC Families
CMOS - Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
• 4000 designation, i.e., 4001, 4511, 4517, etc.
• Works within a range of voltage: 3-15 volts
• Low current requirements
• slightly higher cost than TTL
• very sensitive to static charges (it ruins them)
 555
• Introduced in 1972
• Can accurately time from 0.0000011 seconds to
11,000 seconds (just over 3 hours)
• Uses external capacitor and 1 or 2 resistors to
control timing
• Output is always a digital signal (on-off square
wave)
• Contains 28 transistors, 12 resistors
• Requires 4.5 - 18 volts
• Will switch 200mA
 555 Timer

1 8
DIP chip
2 7
Dual
In-Line 555
Pins 3 6

4 5

top view
 555 Timer

Ground (-) 1 8 +5 to +15VDC

2 7
555
3 6

4 5

top view
• High state output
is always 1.7V less
than supply 555 Timer
• Output is 7.3V @
9V supply

Ground (-) 1 8 +5 to +15VDC

2 7
555
Output 3 6

4 5

top view
 555
Monostable timing
• “One shot” timing
• One stable state (off)
• Switches on for duration of time then goes
back to stable (off) state
 555
Astable timing
• No stable state (keeps flip-flopping between
states)
• On time called “mark”
• Off time called “space”
• Mark-space timing can be adjusted with
external capacitor and two resistors
 Monostable circuit
+9VDC

R1 = 470K

R2 = 1K 7 8
6
555 4
2 3
1

LED
C1 = 47mf
R3 = 330
 Monostable circuit
+9VDC +9VDC

R1 = 470K
R1 = 470K
R2 = 1K
R2 = 1K 7 8 1 8
6 555 4 2 555 7
2 3 3 6
1 4 5
LED
C1 = 47mf
R3 = 330
C1 = 47mf
LED
R3 = 330
 Monostable circuit
+9VDC

R1 = 470K Timing
Control
R2 = 1K 7 8
Components
6
555 4
2 3
1

LED
C1 = 47mf
R3 = 330
 Monostable circuit
+9VDC

R1 = 470K Output
Components
R2 = 1K 7 8
6
555 4
2 3
1

LED
C1 = 47mf
R3 = 330
 Monostable circuit
+9VDC

R1 = 470K
LED
R2 = 1K 7 8
6 R3 = 330
555 4
2 3
1

C1 = 47mf Note LED polarity