Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Intercultural Education, Practical Guide For Teachers, Shalva Tabatadze, Maya Inasaridze, Keti Chachkhiani, Chabuki Kiria (CCIIR) 2010
Intercultural Education, Practical Guide For Teachers, Shalva Tabatadze, Maya Inasaridze, Keti Chachkhiani, Chabuki Kiria (CCIIR) 2010
The book was developed and printed as part of the project “Supporting
non-Georgian Schools in Multilingual Educational Reform” implemented by the
Centre for Civil Integration and Inter-Ethnic Relations (CCIIR). The project is
implemented in the framework of the United Nations Association of Georgia
(UNAG) and Eurasia Partnership Foundation (EPF) program “Integration and
Tolerance Program in Georgia”. The program is funded by United Stated Agency
for International Development (USAID).
interkulturuli ganaTlebis praqtikuli
saxelmZRvanelo maswavleblebisTvis
avtorebi:
Salva tabataZe
maia inasariZe
qeTevan CaCxiani
Wabuki qiria
redaqtorebi:
kaxa gabunia
qeTevan goCitaSvili
ISBN:
`saimedo~
Tbilisi
2010
2
s a r C e v i
Sesavali
Tavi pirveli: interkulturuli ganaTlebis Teoriuli sakiTxebi . 6
interkulturuli / multikulturuli ganaTlebis arsi . . . . . . . . . . 7
kultura da misi gavlena swavla-swavlebis procesze . . . . . . . . . . . 9
kultura da swavla-swavlebis procesi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
mravalferovnebis dadebiTi mxareebi swavlebis procesSi . . . . . . . . 18
interkulturuli ganaTleba saqarTveloSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
interkulturuli mgrZnobelobis ganviTarebis etapebi . . . . . . . . . . 25
interkulturuli swavlebis midgomebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Tavi meore:
interkulturuli ganaTlebis zogadi meTodebi da strategiebi . . 61
Sesavali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
TanamSromlobiTi swavla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
efeqturi jgufuri muSaobis strategiebis mTavari elementebi . . . . . 66
jgufebis optimaluri zomis SerCeva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
intervenciis efeqturi strategiebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
jgufuri muSaobis formebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
wyvilebSi muSaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
STAD (moswavleTa gunduri miRwevebis jgufebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Jigsaw II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
saklaso diskusia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
interkulturuli swavlebis praqtikuli magaliTebi . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
proeqti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
mowveuli stumari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
kuTxeebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
TanatolTa swavleba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
roluri TamaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Tavi mesame: interkulturuli ganaTleba da praqtika . . . . . . . . . . 109
Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
eTnikurad mravalferovan klasSi swavlebis strategiebi . . . . . . . . 111
ena da swavlis stili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
religiuri pluralizmi sekularul klasSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
socialuri klasisa da mdgomareobis gavlena
swavla-swavlebis procesze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
terminTa ganmarteba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3
Sesavali
4
teqstSi. es konteqstebi moicavs religiur, eTnikur, lingvistur,
socialur mravalferovnebas da kritikuli incidentebi ganxilu-
lia religiis, enis, eTnikuri warmomavlobisa Tu socialur
jgufebTan mimarTebiT. saxelmZRvanelos meoTxe nawili eTmoba
saqarTvelos araqarTulenovani skolebis multilingvuri ganaT-
lebis sapilote programebSi monawile maswavlebelTa gamocdile-
bas interkulturuli ganaTlebis konteqstSi da moyvanilia maT
mier saklaso oTaxSi ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebis magaliTebi,
roca maT transformaciuli midgomebis gamoyenebiT warmarTes
kulturulad adekvaturi saswavlo procesi.
5
pirveli Tavi
interkulturuli / multikulturuli
ganaTlebis arsi
6
pirveli Tavi
interkulturuli ganaTlebis Teoriuli sakiTxebi
______________________________________________
7
SesaZlebelia iyos multikulturuli ganaTlebis Sedegebi, magram
ara misi mizani. multikulturuli ganaTlebis mTavari mizania, rom
xeli Seuwyos sakuTari potencialidan gamomdinare, yvela
moswavlis ganaTlebasa da akademiur miRwevebs.
interkulturuli ganaTlebis mizans, sazogadod, warmoadgens
rogorc umravlesobis, aseve umciresobebis mozardTa warmatebuli
integracia Tanamedrove polieTnikur sazogadoebaSi da
interkulturuli pirovnebis Camoyalibeba, romelic adekvaturi
iqneba polikulturuli garemos pirobebSi. interkulturuli
aRzrda mowodebulia, Camouyalibos Semswavlelebs msoflxedva da
qceva, romelic daemyareba humanurobis, pasuxismgeblobis,
solidarobis, urTierTgagebis, demokratiisa da tolerantobis
principebs.
interkulturul ganaTlebas moepoveba ori gamoxatuli
maxasiaTebeli: 1) es aris ganaTleba, romelic aRiarebs, pativs
scems da iRebs adamianuri cxovrebis yvela sferoSi
mravalferovnebis arsebobas, rogorc normas; 2) es aris ganaTleba,
romelic xels uwyobs Tanasworobasa da adamianis uflebebs,
ewinaaRmdegeba usamarTlo diskriminacias da xels uwyobs iseTi
Rirebulebebis ganviTarebas, romlebzec SesaZlebeli iqneba
Tanasworobis cxovrebis wesis ageba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom, gansakuTrebiT evropuli ganaTlebis
samecniero literaturaSi, mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa terminebs
`interkulturul ganaTlebasa~ da `multikulturul ganaTlebas~
Soris. erT-erTi yvelaze martivi da mkafio gamijvna am or termins
Soris ekuTvnis kamileris (1992), romelic aRniSnavs, rom
`multikulturuli~ aris aRweriTi termini, romelic ubralod
afiqsirebs pluralizmis arsebobas da sxvadasxva kulturis
matarebeli xalxis faqtobriv Tanacxovrebas, xolo termini
`interkulturuli~ asaxavs arsebul interaqcias gansxvavebuli
kulturis mqone xalxs Soris.
8
winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi multikulturuli da
interkulturuli ganaTleba erTi da imave mniSvnelobiT iqneba
warmodgenili, rac gulisxmobs swavlisa da swavlebis
procesisadmi arsebul midgomas, romelic efuZneba demokratiul
Rirebulebebsa da faseulobebs da mxars uWers kulturul
pluralizms kulturulad mravalferovan sazogadoebebSi. es
midgoma efuZneba mosazrebas, rom ganaTlebis mTavari daniSnulebaa,
xeli Seuwyos yvela moswavlis potencialidan gamomdinare
inteleqtualur, socialur da pirovnul ganviTarebas.
multikulturuli ganaTleba moicavs oTx urTierTdamokidebul
postulats:
(a) es aris moZraoba Tanasworobis misaRwevad;
(b) es aris moZraoba kurikulumis transformaciisTvis;
(g) es aris procesi individis interkulturuli kompetenciis
gasazrdelad;
(d) es aris brZola winare gansjisa da diskriminaciis wi-
naaRmdeg.
9
aris adekvaturi swavla-swavlebis procesisa da kulturis dasa-
kavSireblad. Tumca, yvela am ganmartebas aqvs erTi saerTo, rom
`kultura aris adamianis mier Seqmnili garemo~. kultura ga-
moxatavs adamianis fiqrebs, ideebs, interaqciis maxasiaTeblebs.
kuni aRniSnavs, rom `kultura aris socialuri qmedebebis,
rwmenis, xelovnebis, institutebis mTlianoba, romelsac aqvs
transmisiuri xasiaTi, Seqmnilia adamianTa garkveuli jgufis
Sromisa da fiqris Sedegad~. kulturis mTavari Semadgeneli ele-
mentebi aris geografiuli mdebareoba, eTnikuri kuTvnileba, ena,
religia da istoria.
termin kulturasTan dakavSirebulia araerTi sxva terminic,
romlebic gvxvdeba yoveldRiuri komunikaciis dros, magaliTad,
subkultura, mikrokultura, eTnikuri jgufebi, umciresobebi, mul-
tikulturuli ganaTleba da sxva. terminebis gasaazreblad da gan-
martebisTvis SegiZliaT isargebloT saxelmZRvanelos boloSi
arsebuli ganmartebiTi leqsikoniT.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, termin `kulturis~ araerTi gan-
marteba arsebobs, romelTac saerTo maxasiaTeblebi aqvT. Aterminis
analizisas ZiriTadad sami mniSvnelovani saerTo maxasiaTebeli ik-
veTeba:
1) kultura adamianis mier aris Seqmnili;
2) kultura aris gaziarebuli adamianTa jgufis mier;
3) kultura aris rogorc obieqturi, agreTve subieqturi.
ganvixiloT cal-calke es saerTo maxasiaTeblebi, raTa
ufro Rrmad CavwvdeT kulturis arss.
10
bic zrunaven maTze da aswavlian maT. Sesabamisad, adamianebma unda
miagnon efeqtur gzebs rogorc erTmaneTTan, aseve garemosTan in-
teraqciisTvis. adamianebma unda iswavlon, rogor SeiZinon codna,
maT Soris cxovrebis wesebis Sesaxeb, rac maT miscems gadarCenis
saSualebas. swored am codnas (warmoqmnils ojaxSi, samezobloSi,
literaturaSi, xelovnebaSi, klasSi...) da am codnis arss ewodeba
kultura.
kultura, Cveulebriv, aris adamianis fizikuri Tu gonebrivi
zemoqmedebis Sedegad Seqmnili materia, anu yvelaferi is, rac
bunebrivad ar xdeba cxovrebaSi. magaliTad, zRvaze an okeaneSi arc
wyali da arc horizonti ar aris kultura, aramed aris bunebrivi
mdgomareoba, Tumca, Tu rogor aris mowyobili am zRvis sanapiro _
es ukve kulturis nawilia da am kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
niSnebiT xdeba sanapiros mowyoba. magaliTad, amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi, maiamiSi, sanapiroze aSenebulia uamravi sastumro, gasar-
Tobi kompleqsebi, saseirno bilikebi da marinadebi. msgavsi tipis
sanapiro sxva kulturis mqone xalxis mier, SesaZlebelia, Seracx-
uliyo wminda adgilad, sadac adamianis Careva arsebul bunebriv
garemoSi minimaluri iqneboda.
amerikis SeerTebuli StatebSi arsebuli maiamis sanapiro mi-
uTiTebs amerikeli xalxis codnaze, damokidebulebasa da Rire-
bulebebze bunebrivi garemos mimarT, Tumca msgavsi damokidebuleba
ar iyo amerikis Seqmnis pirvel wlebSi da maSin miiCneoda, rom ada-
miani bunebis ganuyofeli nawilia da vinaidan adamiani cxovrobs
bunebis SigniT da ara gareT, adamiani ar unda Caerios arsebul
bunebriv garemoSi.
es magaliTi miuTiTebs, rom sxvadasxva sociokulturuli
jgufi aRiqvams samyaros sxvadasxvanairad, amasTanave, xazs usvams,
rom kulturuli rwmenebi da damokidebulebebi erTi da imave so-
ciokulturuli jgufis SigniT droTa ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba da
unda Seicvalos.
11
2) kultura aris gaziarebuli adamianTa garkveuli jgufis mier
12
moqmnian interkulturul gaugebrobebs da razec unda moxdes fo-
kusireba multikulturuli Tu interkulturuli ganaTlebis dros.
13
am Tormet wyaros, rasakvirvelia, moepoveba gadakveTis wer-
tilebi. arsebiTia, rom individis kulturuli identoba (Rirebule-
bebi, rwmena, codna, unarebi, damokidebulebebi) yalibdeba am Tor-
meti wyaros mimarTebiT arsebuli gamocdilebiT. am gamocdilebis
SeZena ki xdeba individis urTierTobiT socializaciis iseT agen-
tebTan, rogoricaa ojaxi, eklesia, samuSao adgili, skola, medi-
asaSualebebi da a.S. (ix. sqema). swored socializaciis am agentebis
meSveobiT iZens individi kulturul codnas.
14
kulturuli codnis dagroveba: socializaciis agentebi
15
aleduri socializaciis procesis dros. aseTi tipis so-
cializacias ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, qorwineba, mSobloba,
sacxovreblad sxva qveyanaSi gadasvla, axal samuSaoze
gadasvla da a.S.
16
socializaciis samive es limiti resursia pedagogis xelSi,
Tumca, rogorc diui aRniSnavs, yvelaze efeqturia swavla maSin,
rodesac igi iwyeba im codnidan, rac bavSvs ukve gaaCnia. Sesa-
bamisad, maswavleblisTvis mniSvnelovania icodes ara mxolod
kulturuli socializaciis zogadi aspeqtebi, aramed unda icnob-
des TiToeuli moswavlis kulturul maxasiaTeblebs, romelTa
farglebSic xdeboda maTi socializacia.
K
kulturuli sxvaobebis gaazreba
17
rogorc sqemebidan Cans, kulturuli wyaroebi socializaciis
sxvadasxva agentebis meSveobiT ayalibeben individis kulturul
identobas. mniSvnelovania, maswavleblebs axsovdeT, rom kultu-
ruli identoba mkveTrad gansxvavebulia rogorc sxvadasxva kul-
turis urTierTmimarTebiT, agreTve erTi da imave kulturis Signi-
Tac. Aam kulturulma gansxvavebebma SeiZleba warmoSvas garkveuli
gaugebroba an konfliqti skolasa Tu klasSi swavlebis procesSi.
am saxelmZRvanelos daniSnulebaa, zogadi warmodgena SegiqmnaT in-
terkulturul ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelic xels Seuwyobs, erTi
mxriv, gaugebrobebis aRmofxvras da acilebas da, meore mxriv,
SesaZlebels gaxdis, rom kulturuli sxvaobebi klasSi pedagogma
gamoiyenos, rogorc pozitivi da resursi ufro efeqturi saswavlo
garemos Sesaqmnelad. am saxelmZRvanelos mizania, maswavleblebma
daiwyon garkveuli sakiTxebis axleburad gaazreba da analizi da,
Sesabamisad, gaxdnen yvela moswavlis maswavlebeli da ara mxolod
im moswavleTa maswavleblebi, romlebic ufro axlos dganan maT
kulturul identobasTan.
18
hqonda farTo mxardaWera. Tumca globalizaciis procesma da saWi-
roebam, rom moswavleebi unda moemzadon pluralistur da mraval-
ferovan msoflioSi sacxovreblad, radikalurad Secvala mraval-
ferovnebisadmi damokidebuleba da naTlad gamokveTa interkultu-
ruli ganaTlebis aucilebloba.
mravalferovnebis saganmanaTleblo paradigma xazs usvams, rom
mravalferovneba sasargebloa, rogorc umravlesobis, aseve umci-
resobis kulturuli jgufis moswavleTaTvis. mravalferovneba `am-
didrebs~ saswavlo garemos. swored es mosazrebaa yvelaze mkafio
argumenti interkulturuli ganaTlebis mxardasaWerad. mraval-
ferovan garemoSi interkulturuli ganaTlebis elementebis gamo-
yenebiT moswavles uviTardeba:
a) mravalmxrivi xedva;
b) konfliqtis Tavidan aridebis unari;
g) saerTo Rirebulebebis mimarT pativiscema. G
es mosazreba dadasturebulia araerTi saganmanaTleblo
eqspertisa da mecnieris kvlevebiT. mecnierebi mravalferovnebis
dadebiT mxareebs ZiriTadad or kategoriad yofen:
1) saswavlo (akademiuri) Sedegebi;
2) demokratiuli Sedegebi.
dResdReobiT yvela Tanxmdeba saswavlo garemoSi
mravalferovnebis dadebiT mxareebsa da interkulturuli
ganaTlebis saWiroebaze. Tumca swavlebis procesSi mTavari
problema mravalferovnebis efeqturad marTva da interkulturuli
ganaTlebis strategiebis sworad gamoyenebaa, rac sakmaod rTulad
gadasaWrel amocanas warmoadgens, radgan, gadaulaxav gamowvevad
rCeba sakiTxis kompleqsuroba, romelsac kulturuli sxvaobebis
simravle ganapirobebs.
19
interkulturuli ganaTleba saqarTveloSi
20
da istoriuli TariRebis aRniSvnas, agreTve iseTi RonisZiebis
Catarebas, romlebic mimarTulia erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio
Rirebulebebis damkvidrebisaken. imave muxlis me-6 punqtSi ki
aRniSnulia: `skola valdebulia daicvas da xeli Seuwyos
moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da maswavleblebs Soris Semwynareblobisa
da urTierTpativiscemis damkvidrebas, ganurCevlad maTi
socialuri, eTnikuri, religiuri, enobrivi da msoflmxedvelobrivi
kuTvnilebisa.~ me-7 punqtis Sesabamisad ki, `skola Tanasworobis
safuZvelze icavs umciresobebis wevrebis individualur da
koleqtiur uflebas, Tavisuflad isargeblon mSobliuri eniT,
SeinarCunon da gamoxaton TavianTi kulturuli kuTvnileba~.
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis me-18 muxlis pirveli punqtiT
garantirebulia moswavlis, mSoblis da maswavleblis rwmenis,
aRmsareblobisa da sindisis Tavisufleba. aRniSnuli muxlis meore
punqtis Sesabamisad, `dauSvebelia, moswavles, mSobels da
maswavlebels daekisroT iseTi valdebulebis Sesruleba, romelic
Zireulad ewinaaRmdegeba maT rwmenas, aRmsareblobas an sindiss~.
interkulturuli ganaTlebis aspeqtebi asaxulia 2004 wlis
18 oqtombers damtkicebul ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis
dokumentSi, kerZod: `z) komunikacia individebTan da jgufebTan:
saskolo ganaTlebam unda uzrunvelyos rom sazogadoebis momaval
wevrebs ganuviTaros zogadi sakomunikacio unarebi, saorganizacio
da jgufuri muSaobis Cvevebi, maT Soris imaT, visTvisac
saxelmwifo ena mSobliuri ar aris~ T) iyos kanonmorCili,
toleranti moqalaqe: dRevandel dinamikur, eTnikurad da
kulturulad mravalferovan samyaroSi sazogadoebis
funqcionirebisTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens
urTierTpativiscemis, urTierTgagebisa da urTierTSemecnebis
Cvevebi. skolam unda gamoumuSaos mozards adamianis uflebebis
dacvisa da pirovnebis pativiscemis unari, romelsac igi gamoiyenebs
sakuTari da sxvisi TviTmyofadobis SesanarCuneblad. mozards unda
21
SeeZlos adamianis arsebiTi uflebebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Teoriuli
codnis ganxorcieleba da am principebiT cxovreba~.
moswavlis mier interkulturuli kompetenciebis ganviTareba
asaxulia sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis, ucxo enisa da mSobliuri
enis saswavlo gegmebSi, magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis
saswavlo gegmebis amocanad toleranti, adamianis Rirsebebis da
uflebebis mqone moqalaqis Camoyalibebaa dasaxuli, amasTanave,
kulturul da religiur aspeqtebs mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba
sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis saswavlo sagnebSi: `sazogadoebis
swavlebam moswavles unda daanaxos adamianis gamocdilebis
mravalferovneba uZvelesi droidan dRemde da agreTve Tavisi
qveynis miRwevebi kacobriobis monapovarTa fonze. moswavles unda
miewodos informacia rogorc saqarTvelos, aseve msoflios
politikur, socialur, kulturul, religiur da eTnikur
mravalferovnebaze. am informaciaze dayrdnobiT man unda SeZlos
gaaanalizos warsulisa da Tanamedroveobis umniSvnelovanesi
istoriuli Tu geografiuli movlenebi da sxvadasxva epoqebisa da
sazogadoebebis ganviTarebis msgavseba gansxvavebebi”, ufro metic,
`istoriuli procesis sxvadasxva kuTxiT (politikuri, socialuri,
ekonomikuri, kulturuli, religiuri) danaxva; istoriuli
movlenisa da/an pirovnebis moRvaweobis, gansxvavebuli
interpretaciebis arsebobis mizezebis axsna, gansxvavebuli,
interpretaciebis Sedareba da Sefaseba~; samoqalaqo ganaTlebis
sagnis saswavlo gegmaSi aRniSnulia _ `ganuviTaros mniSvnelovani
samoqalaqo unar-Cvevebi: sakuTari poziciis Camoyalibeba da dacva,
sakuTari saqcielis kritikulad Sefaseba, gansxvavebuli azris,
erovnebis, sarwmunoebisa da kulturis mqone adamianebis
pativiscema~.
mravalferovnebisa da interkulturuli ganaTlebis moTxov-
nebi wayenebuli aqvT saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis gamomcemlebs,
kerZod, 2009 wlis 30 martis erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Se-
fasebis centris direqtoris #072 brZanebis Sesabamisad, romelic
22
gansazRvravs grifirebis wess, TandarTul intruqciaSi sax-
elmZRvaneloebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis Taobaze miTiTebulia:
`d) saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarsi iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos moswav-
leTa mravalferovnebas rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, religiis,
politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri da so-
cialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgo-
mareobis da sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. e) saxelmZRvanelo
uwyobs xels arastereotipuli, mravalmxrivi azrovnebisa da
Sexedulebebis ganviTarebas moswavleebSi.
interkulturuli swavlebis moTxovna asaxulia 2008 wlis 21
noembers gamocemul maswavlebelTa profesiuli standartSi `mas-
wavlebeli icnobs inkluziuri ganaTlebis, aseve multikulturul
da multilingvur midgomebsa da principebs da iyenebs mas sakuTari
praqtikis dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebaSi”, ufro detalurad in-
terkulturuli aspeqtebi agreTve asaxulia maswavleblis sagno-
briv standartebSi, kerZod qarTuli, rogorc meore enis, sa-
zogadoebrivi mecnierebebis da ucxo enis maswavleblebis stan-
dartebSi.
interkulturuli ganaTlebis politikis nawilia saqarT-
velos mTavrobis mier 2009 wlis 8 maiss damtkicebuli `Semwynare-
blobisa da samoqalaqo integraciis erovnul koncefcia da samo-
qmedo gegma~. umciresobaTa integraciisken mimarTuli kidev erTi
nabiji iyo 2009 wels ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministros mier
SemuSavebuli `multilingvuri ganaTlebis koncefcia da samoqmedo
gegma”, romlis safuZvelze 2009 wlis 31 marts damtkicda `multi-
lingvuri ganaTlebis programa~, romlis farglebSic 40 araqarTu-
lenovani skola moaxdens bilingvuri ganaTlebis programis pi-
lotirebas.
saqarTvelo gawevrebulia sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organi-
zaciaSi, romelTaTvisac interkulturuli ganaTleba mniSvnelovan
faqtors warmoadgens da saqarTvelo, rogorc wevri saxelmwifo,
uerTdeba am organizaciebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs. Aam
23
mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva evropis sabWo, romelmac bolo
wlebSi miiRo 4 fundamenturi dokumenti, romlebic gansazRvraven
evrosabWos wevr-qveynebSi interkulturuli ganaTlebis politikas.
kerZod, ganaTlebis ministrTa mudmivmoqmedi komisiis 21-e sesiis
bolo deklaracia (aTeni, 2003 wlis 10-12 noemberi). aRniSnuli dek-
laracia uSualod interkulturul ganaTlebas exeba. agreTve vro-
clavis deklaracia (2004 wlis 9-10 dekemberi) da saxelmwifos da
mTavrobis meTaurTa mesame samitze miRebuli samoqmedo gegma (var-
Sava, 2005 wlis 16-17 maisi) da 2005 wlis 4 oqtombris evropis sab-
Wos saparlameto asambleis #1720 rekomendacia religiisa da ga-
naTlebis Sesaxeb.
aTenis deklaraciis Tanaxmad, mniSvnelovania, evropis sabWom
`a) xelaxla daiwyos interkulturuli ganaTlebis sferoSi kon-
ceptualuri kvleva; b) xeli Seuwyos urTierTndobis Camoyalibe-
bas... adamianis uflebaTa da mravalferovnebis mimarT pativiscemis
gaRvivebas. g) gaataros RonisZiebebi swavlebis meTodebisa da sas-
wavlo saSualebebis sferoSi; e) SeimuSavos komunikaciasa da
urTierTgagebaze gamiznuli programebi, gansakuTrebiT enobrivi
swavlebis gziT. v) daexmaros wevr saxelmwifoebs ganaTlebis
politikaSi interkulturuli elementis SetanaSi; i) SeimuSavos
xarisxis uzrunvelyofis meqanizmebi demokratiuli da interkul-
turuli principebis gaTvaliswinebiT; l) gaaZlieros interkultu-
ruli ganaTleba da mravalferovnebis marTva amgvari wvrTniT.... r)
daexmaros wevr saxelmwifoebs imis gacnobierebaSi, rom kultu-
rul, eTnikur Tu religiur mravalferovnebasTan dakavSirebuli
problemebis mogvareba mxolod skolebisTvis ki ar aris saWir-
boroto sakiTxi, aramed mTlianad sazogadoebisTvis~.
2005 wlis 4 oqtombris evropis sabWos saparlameto ansam-
bleis #1720 rekomendacia religiisa da ganaTlebis Sesaxeb agreTve
konkretul rekomedaciebs uwevs ministrTa komitets interkultu-
ruli ganaTlebis dasanergad evropis maStabiT saganmanaTleblo
sistemebSi.
24
Tuki arsebul viTarebas da deklarirebul politikas
gadavxedavT, saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia mravalferovani sas-
wavlo garemo da interkulturuli ganaTlebis aspeqtebi asaxulia
ganaTlebis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis yvela mniSvnelovan
dokumentSi.
25
bebisa da qcevebis erTobliobas, romelic ukve formire-
bulia garkveuli saxiT.
d) ganviTarebis sxva modelebisgan gansxvavebiT, asaxulia
interkulturuli kompetencia;
e) sxva modelebi fokusirebulia eTnikuri identobis for-
mirebaze da ignorirebulia ganviTarebis etapobrioba.
beneti Tavis modelSi gamoyofs interkulturuli mgrZnobe-
lobis ganviTarebis eqvs safexurs, romlebic dayofilia or fazad:
I. eTnocentruli faza (1. sxvaobaTa uaryofa; 2. sxvaobaTagan
Tavdacva; 3. sxvaobaTa minimizacia) da eTnorelatiuri faza: (4.
sxvaobaTa mimRebloba; 5. sxvaobaTa adaptacia; 6. sxvaobaTa integra-
cia).
1) sxvaobaTa uaryofa aris safexuri, rodesac individs
ar gaaCnia unari, SeamCnios kulturuli sxvaobebi. am
dros individi ignorirebas ukeTebs arsebul mraval-
ferovan realobas da, rogorc beneti aRniSnavs, mas ax-
asiaTebs `suleluri SekiTxvebis sindromi”, romelic
efuZneba stereotipebs. Aam safexurze myofi indi-
vidisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi gamoTqmebi da mo-
sazrebebi: `isini aq daibadnen da cxovroben amitom
unda moiqcnen rogorc qarTvelebi”, ` Cemi gamocdile-
bidan gamomdinare me SemiZlia viyo warmatebuli nebis-
mier qveyanaSi da nebismieri kulturis pirobebSi,
yovelgvari damatebiTi Zalisxmevis gareSe”, `me ara-
sodes ganvicdi kulturul Soks”, `biznesi biznesia
msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi”,
2) sxvaobaTagan Tavdacva warmoadgens Semdgom safexurs
interkulturuli sensitiurobis ganviTarebis modelSi.
Aam etapze xdeba kulturuli sxvaobebis aRiareba,
Tumca, amasTanave, gansxvavebuli kulturis Sefaseba
26
xdeba mxolod negatiur konteqstSi. aRniSnuli safex-
urisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Semdegi da msgavsi Sinaar-
sis frazebi: `genetikurad maT ar aqvT unari, Cawvdnen
amis arss”, `Cven gamovigoneT es sagani da mxolod Cven
SegviZlia uzrunvelvyoT misi Semdgomi funqcionireba~,
`es dawesebuleba Seiqmna Cveni Rirebulebebis garSemo
da, Sesabamisad, mxolod Cveni mosazrebaa
mniSvnelovani”, `Cven gvaqvs qarTuli skolebi da maT
unda imuSaon efeqturad qarTvelebisTvis, sxvebma rac
undaT, is qnan”, `azielebi ar arian Tavdajerebulebi,
Sesabamisad, isini ver iqnebian liderebi~.
3) sxvaobaTa minimizacia aris eTnocentruli fazis bolo
safexuri. Ainterkulturuli sensitiurobis am etapze
myofi pirovneba axdens kulturuli sxvaobebis zed-
apirul aRiarebas, Tumca, amave dros, aRiqvams yvela
individs, rogorc arsebiTad msgavss. aRsaniSnavia, rom
es etapi aris yvelaze xSiri maswavleblebis in-
terkulturuli mgrZnobelobis gazomvisas da, amave
dros, aris yvelaze rTuli safexuri Semdgom safex-
urze gadasasvlelad. Aam safexurze yvelaze naTeli
maxasiaTebeli fraza gaxlavT: `kargi adamiania, magram
araqarTvelia”, `me momwons is yvela Tavisi TvisebiT,
magram, samwuxarod, ar aris qarTveli~. am safexurisT-
vis damaxasiaTebelia agreTve Semdegi da msgavsi Si-
naarsis frazebi: `maTi Cveulebebi TiTqos gansxvavebu-
lia, Tumca, Tu kargad daakvirdebiT, maTac Cvennairi
Cveulebebi aqvT”, `Cemi intuiciis wyalobiT amovicnob
xalxs; mniSvneloba ar aqvs, romel kulturas
ekuTvnis”,
27
4) sxvaobaTa mimRebloba gaxlavT eTnorelatiuri fazis
pirveli safexuri. eTnorelatiuri fazis dros
zogadad icleba midgoma da imis aRqma xdeba, rom
`kulturuli sxvaobebi ar aris saxifaTo~. sxvaobebis
mimReblobis safexuri gulisxmobs sxvaobis, rogorc
Rirebulebis, pativiscemas da interess kulturuli
sxvaobebis mimarT. magaliTad, am etapze pedagogi acno-
bierebs sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgeneli
moswavlis mSoblis CarTulobis xarisxs swavlebis
procesSi da am kulturuli aspeqtebis gaTvaliswine-
biT muSaobs rogorc MmSobelTan, aseve moswavlesTan.
am safexurze myofi individisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
frazebia: `arc kargi da arc cudi, ubralod -
gansxvavebuli”, `me mudmivad vcdilob Seviswavlo sxva
xalxis kultura, rac gamiadvilebs am kulturis mqone
xalxTan urTierTobas”, `rac ufro meti kultura vici,
miT ufro meti SedarebiTi analizis unari maqvs”,
`zogjer vibnevi xolme, radganac vici, rom sxvadasxva
kulturaSi RirebulebaTa sistema aris gansxvavebuli
da minda vaRiaro es Rirebulebebi, Tumca mainc yov-
elTvis Cemi kulturis ZiriTadi Rirebulebebidan ga-
momdinare vmoqmedeb~.
5) sxvaobaTa adaptacia gaxlavT eTnorelatiuri fazis
meore safexuri, romelic gulisxmobs unaris ganvi-
Tarebas, romelsac SeuZlia gaarRvios kulturuli
CarCoebi da individs ukve SeuZlia kulturaTaSorisi
efeqturi komunikacia. Aam safexurisTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia Semdegi frazebi: `raTa realurad davexmaro
moswavles, rom SeZlos kargad swavla, me unda
Sevcvalo mTlianad Cemi midgoma”, `me vici, rom
28
moswavleebma iSromes gulmodgined, raTa ahyolodnen
Cems stils, magram radgan maT es ver SeZles, me unda
gadavdga maTken nabiji da movaxdino Cemi stilis maTT-
vis ufro misaRebi stiliT adaptireba”, `me gansxvave-
buli urTierToba maqvs Cemi moswavleebis mSoblebTan
imisda mixedviT, Tu romel eTnikur an religiur
jgufs ekuTvnian da ra kulturuli Rirebulebebi da
faseulobebi gaaCniaT~.
6) sxvaobaTa integracia interkulturuli sensitiurobis
ganviTarebis bolo stadiaa, romlis miRweva Zalian
rTulia da rac Zalian iSviaTad gvxvdeba realobaSi.
Aam safexurze individs SeuZlia Tanabrad da
efeqturad imoqmedos ori, SesaZloa, sruliad
gansxvavebuli kulturis farglebSi. Aam safexurisaT-
vis yvelaze metad damaxasiaTebeli frazebi da ga-
moTqmebia: `yvelgan saxlia, Tuki Sen ici, rogor
icxovro im garemoSi”, `me vgrZnob Tavs yvelaze kargad,
roca vaSeneb xidebs or sxvadasxva kulturas Soris,
romlebsac me piradad Zalian kargad vicnob”, `rogori
situaciac ar unda iyos, me SemiZlia davinaxo da ga-
vaanalizo is sxvadasxva kulturuli perspeqtividan
gamomdinare~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom benetis modelis asaxva saswavlo procesSi
aris yvelaze mosaxerxebeli, rameTu igi efuZneba blumis kognituri
ganviTarebis taqsonomias martividan rTulisaken da, Sesabamisad,
SesaZlebels xdis interkulturuli kompetenciis ganviTarebis Se-
fasebas. Sesabamisad, saswavlo gegmis yvelaze martivma donem unda
asaxos, sul mcire, sxvaobebis minimizaciis unaris ganviTareba
moswavleebSi. xolo am mimarTulebiT yvelaze metad Sorsmimavalma
saswavlo gegmam SeiZleba moicvas moswavlis mier sxvadasxva soci-
29
okulturul konteqstSi sxvaobebis Sesaxeb sakuTari azrebis re-
organizeba, Sefaseba da Sesabamisi qmedeba.
radgan blumis kognituri ganviTarebis taqsonomia vaxseneT,
albaT sainteresoa aRniSnuli taqsonomiis ganxilvac da in-
terkulturuli sensitiurobis ganviTarebis konkretuli magaliTis
Cveneba blumis taqsonomiis gaTvaliswinebiT.
benJamen blumma SeimuSava saazrovno (kognituri) unarebis
ganviTarebis taqsonomia specialurad ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis.
blumis mixedviT, azrovnebis an Semecnebis unari eqvs doned
SeiZleba daiyos: codna, gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi, sinTezi da Se-
faseba. codna, gageba da gamoyeneba aris azrovnebis dabali don-
eebi, xolo analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba – maRali doneebi.
შეფასება
სინთეზი
ანალიზი
გამოყენება
გაგება
ცოდნა
30
codna – I done:
faqtebis, movlenebis, meTodebis, procesebis, xerxebis damaxsovreba
da codna
31
gageba – II done:
moswavles esmis Seswavlili masalis mniSvneloba da SeuZlia misi
gamoyeneba, Tumca ar SeuZlia misi sxva masalasTan dakavSireba an
misi farTo WrilSi xedva.
moswavles informaciis gageba
SeuZlia: faqtebis interpretireba da Sedareba
faqtebis da ideebis organizeba da
SerCeva
mosalodneli Sedegebis / ganviTarebis
prognozireba
sakuTari sityvebiT aRwera
kiTxvebis moyeviT...
magaliTebi gadmoeciT Tqveni sityvebiT ...
SegiZliaT mokle monaxazis gakeTeba?
ra moxdeba Semdeg?
ra aris mTavari idea / arsi?
vin aris mTavari personaJi?
SegiZliaT ganasxvavoT?
ra gansxavebaa ... Soris?
SegiZliaT Tqveni mosazrebis Sesaxeb
moiyvanoT magaliTi?
SegiZliaT gansazRvroT?
32
gamoyeneba – III done:
abstraqciebis (mag: principebis, Teoriebis, ideebis) praqtikaSi
gamoyeneba
moswavles SeuZlia: informaciis, faqtebis, wesebis,
principebis gamoyeneba
meTodebis, cnebebis, Teoriebis
sxvadasxva situaciebSi gamoyeneba
problemebis gadaWra savaldebulo
unarebisa da codnis gamoyenebiT
33
analizi – IV done:
mTliani sagnis calke nawilebis, mxareebis da Tvisebebis gamoyofa
da maT Soris kavSiris danaxva.
moswavles erTi mTlianobis calkeul komponentebad
daSla
SeuZlia:
mTlianobis / mocemulobis struqturis
gansazRvra
msgavsebebis aRmoCena
calkeuli komponentebis / nawilebis
organizeba
dafaruli azris / mniSvnelobis mixvedra
da amocnoba
procesebis kanonzomierebebis gamovlena
mizezebsa da Sedegebs Soris kavSiris
damyareba
ZiriTadi tendenciebis gamovlena
34
gamoTvla, kategorizacia, kritika, Semowmeba, Seswavla,
eqsperimentis Catareba da a.S.
aqtivobebis magaliTebi: SeimuSaveT kiTxvari, romlis saSualebiTac
SeZlebT informaciis Segrovebas; SeqmeniT masalis reklama,
SeiswavleT sakiTxi siRmiseulad Tqveni mosazrebis dasabuTebis
mizniT; SeqmeniT sqema, sadac asaxuli iqneba mniSvnelovani
movlenebis Tanmimdevroba; SeqmeniT „ojaxis xe“ sadac aCvenebT
miTiTebul adamianebs Soris naTesaur kavSirs; dawereT Seswavlili
personaJis avtobiografia; ganixileT xelovnebis nimuSi
gamoyenebuli ferebisa da teqsturis WrilSi da a.S.
sinTezi – V done:
axali mTlianobis / erTeulis Seqmna calke mocemuli elementebis
(nawilebis, Tvisebebis) gaerTianebis saSualebiT.
moswavles misTvis cnobili ideebis / codnis
SeuZlia: gamoyenebiT axali erTeulis Seqmna
mocemuli faqtebis / informaciis
ganzogadeba
sxvadasxva sferoSi miRebuli codnis
dakavSireba
prognozireba, daskvnebis gakeTeba
35
zmnebi: kombinacia, integrireba, modificireba, Secvla / gadawyoba,
Canacvleba, dagegmva, Seqmna, gamogoneba, formulireba, ganzogadeba,
Segroveba, ganviTareba, marTva, organizeba, SeTavazeba, awyoba da
a.S.
aqtivobebis magaliTebi: gamoigoneT mowyobiloba, romelic
Seasrulebs mocemul funqcias; SeqmeniT Senobis proeqti mocemuli
daniSnulebisaTvis; moifiqreT saxeli da SeimuSaveT gegma
miTiTebuli marketinguli kompaniisTvis; aRwereT Tqveni
damokidebuleba ... mimarTebiT; SeqmeniT leqsi, moTxroba, piesa ...
Sesaxeb; SeqmeniT wignis / Jurnalis Tavfurceli da a.S.
Sefaseba – VI done:
masalis, meTodebis, ideebis Sesaxeb msjeloba da daskvnebis
gamotana
moswavles Sedareba da gamoyofa
SeuZlia: Teoriis mniSvnelobis / Rirebulebis
Sefaseba
arCevanis gakeTeba racionaluri da
argumentirebuli gadawyvetilebis
safuZvelze
Sexedulebebis, msjelobis,
gadawyvetilebebis Camoyalibeba
kiTxvebis eTanxmebiT?
magaliTebi ras fiqrobT ... Sesaxeb?
ra aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani ...?
ganalageT mocemuli ...
prioritetulobis mixedviT
rogor miiRebT gadawyvetilebas ...
Sesaxeb?
ra kriteriumebs gamoiyenebT ...
Sesafaseblad?
arsebobs Tu ara problemis
mogvarebis ufro efeqturi saSualeba?
SegiZliaT daasabuToT Tqveni
pozicia?
Tqveni SefasebiT ... aris pozitiuri Tu
36
negatiuri?
rogor moagvarebdiT...?
ra cvlilebebs SemogvTavazebdiT ...?
ramdenad efeqturia ... ?
ra reaqcia geqnebodaT, Tu ...?
37
მაგალითად, საქართველოს ეთნიკური, რელიგიური და
ლინგვისტური შემადგენლობის საქართველოს რუქაზე გადმოტანა
და ასახვა ან ეთნიკური, რელიგიური, ლინგვისტური რუქის
შედგენა.
38
Kkritikuli SemTxvevebi
39
saganmanaTleblo banakis organizebas, sadac mTavari aqcenti
gakeTdeba qarTulisa da azerbaijanuli enisa da kulturis
Seswavlaze moswavleebis mier. Kkidev araerTi saintereso
RonisZieba maqvs dagegmili, Tumca mTavari problema isev da isev
finansebia, skolis finansebiT yvela Canafiqris ganxorcieleba ver
xerxdeba, Tumca, albaT, mTavari survilia da TandaTanobiT
Sevasxam frTebs Cems Canafiqrebs.
rac mTavaria, me TvalnaTliv davinaxe, Tu ramdenad
mniSvnelovania, Sexedo sakiTxebs sxvadasxva perspeqtivis
gaTvaliswinebiT. Cemi Camosvlis Semdeg TbilisSi megobrebi xSirad
ver migeben, meubnebian, rom sxvanairi gavxdi, ar ainteresebT Cemi
naambobi azerbaijanuli kulturis, tradiciebisa Tu Cveulebebis
Sesaxeb.
40
es aris. vcdilob rom moswavleebma gaaanalizon konkretuli
nawarmoebebi Tu gmirTa qmedeba ara mxolod qarTuli kulturisa
Tu religiis, aramed gansxvavebuli kulturis perspeqtividan,
imsjelon mravalferovnebis sakiTxebze da a.S. xSirad amis miRweva
Znelia, Tumca me viqnebi bednieri, Tu SevZleb moswavleebSi am
unaris ganviTarebas, Tu SevZleb garkveuli xidebis gadebas
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva eTnikur Tu religiur jgufebs
Soris.
41
Sesaxeb saswavlo procesSi.
me vfiqrob, rom kultura arafer SuaSia, aq saqme mxolod
TviTon moswavlesa da mSobelSia, mniSvneloba ar aqvs moswavlis
kulturul warmomavlobas... me vfiqrob, rom moswavleebi
daaxloebiT erTnairebi arian, aris maT Soris raRac sxvaoba,
zogierTi iTvisebs sagans ufro advilad, zogierTi _ ufro Znelad,
zogierTi Zlieria esTetikur sagnebSi, zogic sabunebismetyvelo da
zogic sazogadoebrivSi, magram ZiriTadad yvela moswavle mainc
erTnairia. me minda, rom TiToeuli maTgani iyos warmatebuli da,
Sesabamisad, maT yvelas vaswavlo Tanabrad. moswavlisaTvis
mTavaria, hqondes stabiluri ojaxi da mas warmateba
garantirebuli eqneba skolaSi. Aam bolo dros imata ganqorwinebis
ricxvma, anu ojaxi gaxda arastabiluri da aq aris mTavari
problema da ara moswavlis kulturaSi da maswavleblis mier am
kulturuli maxasiaTeblis gauTvaliswineblobaSi. swored
ojaxebSi unda veZioT moswavlis warumateblobis mizezebi.
SemTxveva 3.
42
moswavlis izolirebas axdens da ar rTavs mas saswavlo procesSi,
rasac Sesabamis axsnasac uZebnis: `Sen xom qarTulad ramdenime
sityvas Zlivs abam~.
mniSvnelovania, yvela maswavlebelma gaisigrZeganos, rom
dabali enobrivi kompetencia ar niSnavs dabali kognituri
ganviTarebis unars. dabali enobrivi kompetenciis mqone moswavle
ar niSnavs, rom ver azrovnebs da ar gaaCnia gansjis unari.
Sesabamisad, misi saswavlo procesidan izolirebis nacvlad,
pedagogma unda gamoiyenos yvela strategia da resursi misi
maqsimalurad integrirebisaTvis da misi codnis warmosaCenad.
miuxedavad dabali enobrivi kompetenciisa, moswavle SeiZleba erT-
erTi yvelaze warmatebuli gaxdes, amitom ar SeiZleba moxdes misi
daTrgunva da masSi swavlis motivaciis Cakvla.
43
kontribuciuli midgoma
44
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, es midgoma aris yvelaze
popularuli misi simartivis gamo. is ar iTxovs damatebiT
cvlilebebs saswavlo gegmaSi da am gziT SesaZleblia Seiqmnas
STabeWdileba, rom mravalferovneba aris asaxuli saswavlo
procesSi. Tumca am midgomas aqvs Zalian bevri limitebi. kerZod, es
midgoma ar aZlevs saSualebas moswavleebs, dainaxon is
mniSvneloba, rac eniWebaT umciresobebs qarTuli saxelmwifos
mSeneblobaSi. gmirebis da dResaswaulebis Sesaxeb RonisZieba
mxolod danamatia saswavlo procesze da ar iZleva safuZvels rom
msjeloba gaimarTos iseT Temebze rogoricaa diskriminacia,
socialuri samarTlianoba, socialuri uTanasworoba,
eTnocentrizmi da qsenofobia, rac damaxasiaTebelia
sazogadoebisTvis da ris gaazrebac da Secvlac aris
mniSvnelovani. mxolod aRniSnuli RonisZiebebiT Semofargvlam
SeiZleba ukuSedegic gamoiRos da moswavleebSi Camoayalibos
stereotipi: `Tu Zlieri xar, SeZleb, iyo warmatebuli;
umciresobebi warumateblebi arian imitom, rom maT meti ar
SeuZliaT, Torem vinc marTla moindoma, warmatebas miaRwia~.
damatebiTi midgoma
45
lisSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis moqalaqeebis
Tanacxovrebaze, magram ar auxsna, Tu ra roli Seasrules
umciresobebis warmomadgenlebma Tbilisuri Tu qarTuli kulturis
formirebaSi.
transformaciuli midgoma
46
aRmoCenil miwebze kulturuli eqspansia da am teritoriebis
`gakultureba~. Tumca, aRniSnuli sakiTxis ganxilvisas ar xdeba
ganxilva da moswavlis informireba, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina am
moZraobam amerikel aborigen mosaxleobaze, Tu rogor gaCnda
indielTa da sxva tomebis rezervaciebi, maTi skolebi, misionerTa
saqmianoba, am mosaxleobis genocidis faqtebi, afroamerikeli
mosaxleobis monobis da datyvevebis faqtebi. transformaciuli
midgomis mixedviT, moswavles miewodeba yvela saxis informacia
geografiuli aRmoCenebis Sesaxeb, rogorc pozitiuri, aseve
negatiuri faqtorebi, rac am moZraobas axlda Tan da adgili aqvs
am movlenaTa analizs da Sefasebas moswavleebis mier.
47
amerikelTa aqcias ganixilavdnen, rogorc agresias da
damoukidebeli saxelmwifos aneqsias da ara maTi
gaTavisuflebisken mimarTul qmedebas. analogiurad, kosovos
precedentis swavlebisas, moswavles an students miewodebaT
serbebis pozicia da xedva maTi saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi
Semavali erTeulis aRiarebis Sesaxeb. transformaciuli midgomisas
xdeba Tundac Zalian tabudadebuli faqtebis miwodeba, ganxilva da
analizi da moswavle absoluturad damoukidebeli xdeba sakuTari
poziciisa da Rirebulebis formirebisas. mas aqvs yvelanairi xedva
miwodebuli da igi TviTorganizebiT axdens ama Tu im movlenaze
ukve azris, poziciisa da msoflmxedvelobis formirebas.
transformaciuli midgomis mTavari gamowveva saswavlo
procesis mTlianad transformirebaa. maswavlebeli am SemTxvevaSi
axdens sakuTari poziciis transformirebasac swavlebis procesSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom TiToeul zemoT CamoTvlil sakiTxze
maswavlebels aqvs sakuTari pozicia, saswavlo procesSi xdeba am
poziciis transformireba da ama Tu im sakiTxze moswavles
informacia miewodeba sxvadasxva kulturuli perspeqtividan
gamomdinare. transformaciuli midgomis praqtikaSi
gansaxorcieleblad mniSvnelovania maswavlebelTa mier sakuTari
codnis dekonstruqcia da sakiTxis analizi mravalmxrivi, maT
Soris sxva kulturuli perspeqtividan gamomdinare.
48
mis Sesabamisad moqmedebas. magaliTad, moswavle an studenti ara
mxolod iRebs da aanalizebs informacias diskriminaciis an
socialuri usamarTlobis Sesaxeb skolaSi an sazogadoebaSi,
aramed gadadgams SesaZleblobebis farglebSi garkveul nabijebs
am diskriminaciisa da socialuri usamarTlobis aRmosafxvrelad.
miuxedavad gansxvavebuli religiuri Tu politikuri
Sexedulebebisa, moswavle aanalizebs sakiTxs sxva kulturuli
perspeqtividan da mzad aris, daicvas gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis
mqone adamianis uflebebi. am midgomis mTavari mizania, moswavleSi
ganaviTaros fiqrisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari da xeli
Seuwyos aqtiuri moqalaqis formirebas.
49
formulirebuli kontribuciuli da damatebiTi midgomebiT
Semoifargleba da uWirT sakuTari xedvebis transformireba da
transformaciuli kurikulumis Sedgena da ganxorcieleba.
mniSvnelovania, saswavlo gegmebSi moxdes transformaciuli da
socialuri qmedebebis midgomebis inkorporacia da dagegmili
maswavlebelTa treningebi maswavleblebis mier am midgomebis
ganxorcielebisken iyos mimarTuli.
saswavlo procesis transformireba moswavlis kulturuli
faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT Zalian mniSvnelovania. i. hiunma (2006)
gamoyo 3 tipis saswavlo procesi, rac mniSvnelovani kurikulumis
transformaciisTvis da moswavleTa kulturis Tanmxvedri
meTodikiT swavlebisTvis: (1) swavlebaze orientirebuli
kurikulumi; 2) aRmocenebuli kurikulumi; (3) SeTanxmebaze
orientirebuli kurikulumi. mokled ganvixilavT TiToeuli am
midgomis magaliTebs:
50
2006).
maswavleblebisTvis mniSvnelovania, kargad gaiazron
individebis kulturuli faqtorebi da swavlebaze orientirebuli
saswavlo procesi moswavleTa kulturul maxasiaTeblebTan
TanxvedraSi moaqcion. qvemoT warmogidgenT magaliTs
moswavlisaTvis qarTuli enis anbanis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT,
sadac maswavlebelma moaxerxa swavlebaze orientirebuli midgomis
gamoyeneba. magaliTi adaptirebulia i. hiunis saxelmZRvanelodan da
relevanturia saqarTvelos konteqstTan.
`marneulis raionis qarTuli skolis maswavlebeli var. Cvens
skolaSi bolo periodSi imata azerbaijanulenovani moswavleebis
raodenobam, romlebic ver floben qarTul enas da maTTan muSaoba
rTulia. erT-erT gakveTilze aso `b~-s vswavlobdiT.
bavSvebs vaswavle, rogor
iwereba aso `b~ da amis
saswavleblad adamianis
saxelebi gamoviyene.
warmovadgine suraTebi da
moswavleebs avuxseni, rom
es iyo batoni badri,
batoni besarioni, batoni
bairami, batoni bioli da
a.S. raminma, romelic
azerbaijanulenovani
moswavlea, uceb aqcenti
klasSi patara burTebze
gaamaxvila da
azerbaijanul enaze daiwyo Tvla da qarTulad sityva burTis
warmoTqma `erTi burTi”, `ori burTi”, `sami burTi~.
Tavdapirvelad, roca davinaxe, rom moswavle Cems instruqciebs ki
ar asrulebda aramed TviTneburad gadaerTo sxva rameze,
gavRiziandi da mkacrad vuTxari: `azerbaijanulad laparaki morCa,
51
daiviwye, am gakveTilze mxolod qarTuls vswavlobT~.
Cemma reaqciam ramini monusxa da igi gaCumda da Sevatyve, rom
mowyda Tavisi fiqrebiT saswavlo process. gavaanalize, rom
swavlebis procesSi Secdoma davuSvi, gamaxsenda moswavlis
individualuri saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebis aucilebloba da
kulturulad Tanmxvedri pedagogikis kursebi da gavaanalize, rom
SemeZlo am Teoriuli codnis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba da gavaanalize,
Tu ras gulisxmobda is Teoriuli saubrebi, romlebic im dros
meCveneboda absoluturad zedmetad da mimaCnda, rom me isedac
moswavleTa individualur saWiroebebze orientirebul da
kulturulad Sesabamis gakveTilebs vatarebdi. yovelives gaazrebis
Semdeg mivedi raminTan da vTxove, kidev erTxel daeTvala
azerbaijanulad da azerbaijanuli enis TvliT warmoeTqva sityva
burTi da daewera azerbaijanulad sityva xolo burTis pirveli
aso qarTulad daewera da sityvis danarCeni ubralod daexata da
masTan erTad mec daviwye azerbaijanuli sityvebis gameoreba.
ramini am damokidebulebam Secvala, Tavi maswavleblis rangSi
warmoidgina da gaaTkecebuli energiiT mixsnida azerbaijanulad
Tvlas da gaaskecebuli energiiT cdilobdi Seeswavla aso-bgera
`b”-s rogorc warmoTqma, agreTve wera”.
aRniSnuli magaliTi saintereso da saxasiaTo SeiZleba iyos
bevri maswavleblisTvis. hiuni aRniSnavs, rom `moswavleTa
arsobrivi ganviTarebisa da kulturulad adekvaturi pedagogikis
dasamkvidreblad maswavlebels moswavled transformireba unda
SeeZlos~ (hiuni, 2006, gv. 86). anu maswavlebelma unda moaxdinos
swavlebis procesSi moswavlis TvalTaxedviT da saWiroebebidan
gamomdinare warmarTos saswavlo procesi da ara mxolod sakuTari
TvalTaxedviT gansazRvros, ra saWiroeba aqvs am moswavles. anu
swavlebisa da swavlis momentebi unda daemTxves erTmaneTs, raTa
efeqturi swavla ganxorcieldes. amisaTvis ki mniSvnelovania,
maswavlebelma kargad icodes moswavleTa kultura da am
52
kulturidan gamomdinare _ maTi xedvebi, rwmenebi da Rirebulebebi.
Ees dinamika sqematurad Semdegnairad SeiZleba gamoixatos:
aRmocenebuli kurikulumi
aRmocenebuli kurikulumi
53
TvalnaTels xdis ra upiratesobebi aqvs saswavlo procesSi aRmo-
cenebuli kurikulumis midgomis gamoyenebas:
“pirveli klasis maswavlebeli var. ukve 10 welia, dawyebiT
klasebs vaswavli. yovel wels 3 martis moaxloebasTan erTad,
bavSvebs vamzadebineb saCuqars TavianTi dedebisTvis, riTac vaxden
sagnis Sinaarsisa da bavSvis interesebis integrirebas, radgan bavS-
vebi, erTi mxriv, saCuqars umzadeben dedas da, meore mxriv, ivi-
Tareben saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul unarebs. Sesabamisad, welsac
davgegme gakveTili, movimarage bevri wiTeli da TeTri feris
furclebi, agreTve wiTeli da Savi feris markerebi, raTa moswav-
leebma gaakeTon baraTebi dedebisTvis yvavilebiT da maT mier
gakeTebuli misaloci warweriT. moswavleebs davurige wiTeli da
TeTri furclebi, markerebi, makrateli da webo da vTxove, gaekeTe-
binaT dedisTvis yvavilebiani dedis dRis misaloci baraTi. erT-
erTma
54
rom mas unda gaekeTebina wiTeli yvavilebiT misaloci baraTi da
unda mihyoloda Cems instruqciebs, razec misi reaqcia uaryofiTi
iyo da amitom iZulebuli gavxdi, misTvis SemTxveviT maswavleblis
ujraSi aRmoCenili zurmuxtisferi qaRaldis furclebic mimewode-
bina. yvela moswavlem Seasrula davaleba da dedebisTvis gaamzades
misaloci baraTebi da gaakeTes Sesabamisi warwerac. nanamac Seas-
rula Tavisi davaleba, oRond baraTze wiTeli yvavilis nacvlad,
zurmuxtisferi didi mZivi gaakeTa.
gakveTilebis dasrulebis Semdeg mSoblebma, ZiriTadad
dedebma, moakiTxes bavSvebs wasayvanad. yvela bavSvma sakuTar dedas
gadasca Tavisi misaloci baraTi warweriT, ramac mSoblebis sixa-
ruli gamoiwvia. analogiurad, nanamac Tavisi saCuqari gadasca
dedas, rasac dedamisis aRfrTovaneba moyva.
meore dRes moswavleebs vTxove, moeyolaT, Tu rogor
gaatares dedis dRe da aReweraT, Tu ra reaqciebi hqondaT maT
dedebs mirTmeul sasaCuqre baraTebTan dakavSirebiT. nanac mohyva
Tavis istorias, rom dedamiss Zalian gaexarda misi baraTi, radgan
Turme mas ramdenime dRis win hqonia dabadebis dRe da mamamisma
saCuqrad zurmuxtis mZivi moutana, ramac dedis aRfrTovaneba ga-
moiwvia da axlac mis mier zurmuxtisferi mZiviT gakeTebuli dedis
dRis misaloci baraTi dedamisisTvis Zalian sasiamovno aRmoCnda...
nanas monaTxrobis mere yvela moswavlem aRniSna, rom, principSi,
maTac surdaT gansxvavebuli misaloci baraTis gakeTeba da amitom
momTxoves, misaloci baraTebi kidev erTxel dagvemzadebina da
yvela moswavlem ukve sakuTari cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan ga-
momdinare gaakeTa misaloci baraTi da arc erT maTganze ar yo-
fila wiTeli yvavili. amasTanave, moswavleebma erTmaneTs gauziares
sakuTari emociebi, Tu ratom gaakeTes am tipis baraTebi. moswav-
leebma gadawyvites, gaekeTebinaT yvela dResaswaulze analogiuri
principiT baraTebi, xolo wlis bolos moewyoT TavianTi baraTe-
bis gamofena.
55
molaparakebebze / SeTanxmebaze orientirebuli kurikulumi
56
gamocdilebas da saswavlo masalas Soris arsebuli disbalansis
aRmofxvris gareSe swavlis procesi garTulebulia.
kritikul-demokratiuli midgomisas moswavle aris codnis
matarebeli, codnis maZiebeli, codnis Semqmneli da codnis
Semcvleli. anu, es aris midgoma, romelic gansxvavdeba codnis
tradiciuli maswavleblidan moswavlisTvis gadacemis midgomisgan.
aRniSnuli Teoriuli nawilis efeqturad gasaazreblad gTavazobT
praqtikul magaliTs, romelic naTels xdis am midgomis gamoyenebis
mniSvnelobas.
`nikuSa abaSis erT lamaz sofelSi cxovrobda. nikuSas mama
aqtiurad iyo CarTuli Svilis aRzrdis procesSi. nikuSas kargad
axsovda mamis mier misTvis wakiTxuli iuri nagibinis moTxroba,
romelic Seexeboda zamTris muxas da patara biWs. es moTxroba Ta-
vis cxovrebas axsenebda nikuSas, radgan misi saxlidan skolamde,
romelSic is swavlobda, xuTi kilometri iyo. gzad gaSlili veli
unda gaevlo, romlis SuagulSi erTaderTi uzarmazari muxa idga,
romelic gansakuTrebulad lamazi zamTarSi iyo da mamis mier
wakiTxuli moTxrobidan gamomdinare, nikuSa mas `zamTris muxas~
eZaxda. dadga zamTari. abaSaSi didi Tovli movida. irgvliv yve-
laferi TeTrad gadaipenta. nikuSa skolaSi sistematurad ag-
vianebda. erTxelac klasSi maSin Sevida, roca nato maswavlebeli
moswavleebs arsebiT saxels uxsnida. nikuSas xSiri dagvianebiT
gabrazebulma maswavlebelma swored mas mimarTa SekiTxviT: `aba,
miTxari arsebiTi saxeli!~ nikuSas TiTqos Tvalebi erT adgilas
gauSterda, sadRac, fanjrebs miRma, iyureboda. cota xnis fiqris
Semdeg Tqva: `zamTris muxa~. `xom xedav, rogor getyoba araferi
rom ar ici. `zamTris~ ra SuaSia?!~ _ kidev ufro gabrazda maswav-
lebeli. `zamTris muxaze arsebiTi ra SeiZleba iyos,~ _ Cailaparaka
nikuSam. maswavlebelma nikuSas pasuxi mis xSir dagvianebebs
daabrala da auxsna, rom arsebiTi saxelia `muxa”, xolo `zamTris~
zedsarTavis saxeli iyo da Sesabamisad dabali qulac dauwera ni-
kuSas. aRniSnulma faqtma mZimed imoqmeda bavSvze. saxlSi misulma
57
mamas sTxova, eCvenebina iuri nagibinis moTxroba zamTris muxis
Sesaxeb da mouyva skolaSi momxdari faqti. meore dRes nikuSa da
mamamisi iuri nagibinis moTxrobis wigniT xelSi wavidnen skolaSi,
maT agreTve saxlidan skolisken mimaval gzaze arsebuli muxis
suraTebi gaayoles. suraTebi iyo zamTarsa da zafxulSic gadaRe-
buli da aSkarad SeimCneoda kontrasti muxis silamazeSi, muxa
namdvilad zamTarSi iyo aseTi lamazi. nikuSas mamam sTxova mas-
wavlebels, rom CarTuliyo saswavlo procesSi. man moswavleebs
waukiTxa iuri nagibinis moTxroba da aCvena sofelSi myofi `zam-
Tris muxac~. moswavleebi da maswavlebeli aRfrTovanebuli us-
mendnen mama-Svils da maT yvela daeTanxma, rom swored `zamTris
muxa~ SeiZleba iyos arsebiTi saxeli. nato maswavlebelma gadawy-
vita diliT, sanam skolaSi wamovidoda, nikuSas sofelSi misuliyo
da im velze moxvda, romelzec nikas `zamTris muxa~ idga. nato mas-
wavlebeli karga xans idga gaognebuli am sanaxaobiT. im dRes man
gakveTilze pirvelad daigviana... “
am moTxrobaSi maswavlebeli Tavdapirvelad iyenebs saswavlo
gegmasa da swavlebaze orientirebul midgomas, Tumca Semdgom
etapze acnobierebs, rom moswavlis gamocdileba ganapirobebs mis
codnas da es problemas ar qmnis saswavlo procesSi, aramed
piriqiT _ amdidrebs process. maswavlebelma saswavlo procesSi
CarTo mSobeli, rac agreTve mniSvnelovania da gakveTili ufro
mravalmxrivi da saintereso gaxada yvela moswavlisTvis da, amas-
Tanave, ar daTrguna nikuSa, Tumca nikuSa rom ar yofiliyo aqtiuri
moswavle, bolomde ar daecva sakuTari codna da ar hqonoda mamis
mxridan mxardaWera, SeiZleba seriozuli fsiqologiuri probleme-
bis winaSe aRmoCeniliyo. amitom mniSvnelovania saswavlo procesSi
maswavleblis mier SeTanxmebebze / molaparakebebze orientirebuli
kurikulumis ganxorcieleba.
58
TavSi gamoyenebuli literatura:
59
valferovnebis Sesaxeb
Salva tabataZe, naTia nacvliSvili- interkulturuli ganaTleba,
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, 2008
Bennett, M. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercul-
tural sensitivity. In M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experi-
ence (pp. 21-71). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Cushner, K,,McClelland A.,& Safford, P.(2006) Human Diversity in Education,
an integrative approach: McGrow Hill. Higher Education
Carter, R.T. & Goodwin, A.L., (1994). Racial identity and education. Review of
Research in Education. Washington, DC: AERA, 291-336.
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cultural Society”(by James A.Banks,Peter Cookson,Geneva Gay,Willis
D.Hawley,Jacquiline Jordan Irvine,Sonia Nieto,Janet Ward
Schofield,&Walter G.Stephan).Phi Delta Kappan,83(3),pp 196-203.
Gurin, P., Dey, E., Hurtado, S., & Gurin, G. (2002). Diversity and higher educa-
tion: Theory and impact on educational outcomes. Harvard Educational
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ings. New-Yourk: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc
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turity. Journal of College Student Development, 46 (6), 571-592.
Ligo, V. Evaluation as Pedagogy: Models of Theological and Pastoral Formation.
Catholic Education v. 11 no. 1 (September 2007) p. 52-66
Lorin W. Anderson, David Krathwohl, Peter W. Airas, 2001 A taxonomy for
learning, teaching, and assessing : a revision of Bloom's taxonomy of edu-
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Zuniiga, X., Williams, E., & Berger, J. (2005). Action-oriented democratic out-
comes: The impact of student involvement with campus diversity. Journal
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60
Tavi meore
interkulturuli ganaTlebis zogadi meTodebi
da strategiebi
Sesavali
TanamSromlobiTi swavla
efeqturi jgufuri muSaobis strategiebis
mTavari elementebi
jgufebis optimaluri zomis SerCeva
wyvilebSi muSaoba
Jigsaw II
saklaso diskusia
proeqti
mowveuli stumari
kuTxeebi
TanatolTa swavleba
roluri TamaSi
daskvna
61
Tavi meore
interkulturuli ganaTlebis zogadi meTodebi da
strategiebi
______________________________________________
Sesavali
62
Tods. swori strategiis SesarCevad Semdegi faqtorebis gaTvalis-
winebaa aucilebeli:
1. ra aris Cveni saganmanaTleblo praqtikis amocanebi;
2. rogor aRviqvamT swavla-swavlebis process;
3. ra realuri saWiroebebi aqvT Cvens moswavleebs konkretul
saklaso oTaxsa da konkretul saswavlo situaciaSi;
4. yvela moswavles aqvs ufleba, gaxdes sazogadoebis srulyo-
fili wevri da maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos am
uflebis realizebaSi;
5. maswavlebeli aRiarebs moswavleTa sxvadasxva SesaZleblo-
bas, qcevis wesebs, codnasa da interesebs;
6. moswavleebs unda ganuviTardeT unarebi da kompetenciebi da
ar aevsoT goneba sxvadasxva informaciiT;
7. mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT moswavleTa rwmena da grZnobebi,
iseve, rogorc moswavleTa kognituri da inteleqtualuri
ganviTareba.
8. moswavleTaTvis xelmisawvdomi unda iyos damatebiTi sas-
wavlo resursebi.
63
moswavleebisa da maswavleblis gamocdilebas da TanamSromlobis
principebs. E radgan TanamSromlobiTi swavleba warmoadgens
interkulturuli ganaTlebis qvakuTxeds, mokled gagacnobT
TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis strategiebs da am strategiis praqti-
kul magaliTebs.
TanamSromlobiTi swavla
64
მოსწავლეები ვერ ახერხებენ მოჩვენებითი
წარმატების მიღწევას რამდენიმე წარჩინებული
მოსწავლის ხარჯზე.
ჯგუფური ჯგუფს აქვს თითოეული წევრის მიერ
პასუხისმგებლობა / გაზიარებული საერთო მიზანი.
ჯგუფური მიზნები მოსწავლეებს უვითარდებათ გუნდური
სულისკვეთება. ინდივიდუალური და
კონკურენტული სისტემის ნაცვლად კლასში იქმნება
კოოპერაციული / თანამშრომლობითი გარემო.
უკეთესი ჯგუფური შედეგის მიღწევის მიზნით
მოსწავლეები აქტიურად ეხმარებიან ერთმანეთს.
65
efeqturi TanamSromlobiTi swavlis / jgufuri muSaobis
strategiebi
66
გაეცნონ მეთოდების შესახებ
განსხვავებულ
მოსაზრებებს. საჭიროა ჯგუფების
გადახალისება
მოსწავლეებისთვის
მისაღებია, როგორც
ჯგუფების
ფორმირების
დემოკრატიული
მეთოდი
67
წყვილები მოსწავლეების გადაჭარბებული განიხილება
აქტიური ერთსულოვნება შედარებით
ჩართულობა წყვილს შორის პირადული და
ჯგუფის მუშაობის დელიკატური
პროცესში განსხვავებული საკითხები
მოსაზრებების
მშვიდი სამუშაო სიმცირე ჯგუფური
გარემო ჯგუფებში მუშაობისათვის
დისკომფორტი განკუთვნილია
არ საჭიროებს მოსწავლეებისთვ მცირე დრო
მერხების ის, რომლებსაც
გადაადგილებას ურჩევნიათ
ინდივიდუალუ
საჭიროებს მცირე რად მუშაობა
დროს
მცირე ზომის იძლევა აზრთა მოსწავლეებს საჭიროა
ჯგუფები მრავალფეროვნების ეძლევათ სოციალური
(3–4 მოსწავლე) შესაძლებლობას პასიურობის ინტერაქციის
მოსწავლეთა მცირე საშუალება გაზრდა კლასში
რაოდენობის
პირობებში საჭიროა
მოსწავლეების
არ საჭიროებს მომზადება საკლასო
მერხების დისკუსიითვის
გადაადგილებას და
საკლასო სივრცის
განსაკუთრებულ
ორგანიზებას
დიდი ზომის აზრების, საჭიროებს თემის
ჯგუფები შეხედულებების, სივრცის განხილვისთვის
(5–7 მოსწავლე) გამოცდილების ორგანიზებას საჭიროა აზრთა
მრავალფეროვნება მრავალფეროვნება
საჭიროებს
ფასილიტაციას პრიორიტეტულია
და სოციალურ გუნდური მუშაობის
უნარ–ჩვევებს უნარების
იქმნება განვითრება
ზედმეტად
აქტიური და
ზედმეტად
პასიური
მოსწავლების
რისკი
შესაძლო
დისციპლინური
დარღვევები
68
მთელი კლასი ყველას აქვს იქმნება არსებითია, რომ
ერთნაირი ზედმეტად ყველა მოსწავლემ
გამოცდილების აქტიური და მიიღოს ერთნაირი
მიღების საშუალება ზედმეტად ინფორმაცია და
პასიური გამოცდილება
მასწავლებელს მოსწავლების
შეუძლია რისკი
მონიტორინგი
გაუწიოს და ჩართულობის
დაეხმაროს კლასს შეზღუდული
დისკუსიის შესაძლებლობა
წარმართვაში (მოსწავლეთა
დიდი
რაოდენობის
გამო)
მასწავლებელი –
დისკუსიის
მთავარი
მონაწილე
69
ჯგუფური შეახსენეთ მოსწავლეებს დავალების შესრულებისათვის
დავალების წინასწარ დარჩენილი დროის შესახებ.
განსაზღვრულ
დროში შესრულება სთხოვეთ მოსწავლეებს დააკონკრეტონ, დავალების რა
ნაწილი დარჩათ შესასრულებელი და რამდენი დრო
დასჭირდებათ მის დასასრულებლად.
70
socialuri unar–Cvevebis ganviTareba
71
ჯგუფებს მიეცით ისეთი დავალება, რომლის
წარმატებით შესრულებას შეძლებენ მხოლოდ
ერთმანეთის დახმარების საშუალებით. მაგ: ჯგუფის
წევრებს დაურიგეთ სხვადასხვა სახის ინფორმაცია.
ჯგუფს სთხოვეთ შეასრულონ დავალება
ინდივიდუალურად დარიგებული ინფორმაციის
შეჯამებისა და ანალიზის საშუალებით.
wyvilebSi muSaoba
72
wyvilebis dajgufeba
73
STAD (moswavleTa gunduri miRwevebis jgufebi)
74
akademiuri disbalansi – umetes SemTxvevaSi, maRali akademi-
uri moswrebis moswavleebi partniorebad irCeven maRali
akademiuri moswrebis mqone moswavleebs.
genderuli da eTnikuri disbalansi – umetes SemTxvevaSi
moswavleebi amjobineben msgavsi sqesis da eTnikuri warmo-
mavlobis moswavleebTan muSaobas;
disciplinuri darRvevebi – megobrebs jgufuri muSaobis
dros meti cduneba aqvT saubris/xmauris, uyuradRebobis, da
a.S.
moswavleebis akademiuri miRwevebis niSniT gadanawilebisaTvis
maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos wina semestris niSnebi an Caata-
ros diagnostikuri testireba.
STAD–is ganxorcielebisaTvis maswavlebelma unda SeZlos sa-
bazo da progresis qulebis sworad gamoyeneba.
75
progresis qula aris
gansxvaveba moswavlis ინდ. ტესტის პროგრესის ცვლილება
sabazo qulasa da ქულა ქულა ნიშანში
moswavlis mier
საბაზოსთან
individualurad
მიმართებაში
Sesrulebuli testis
< ან = 0 ––
qulas Soris. progresis
qulebis gamoTvlis > 1–9 10 0.5 ( მაგ. 6
76
samuSao kiTxvari, romelSic asaxuli iqneba is ZiriTadi
sakiTxebi, romlebzec unda imuSaon jgufebma;
testebis SemuSaveba – testebi, romlebsac moswavleebi
individualurad Caabareben, Sedgenili unda iyos samuSao
kiTxvaris mixedviT da unda moicavdes jgufuri muSaobis
dros Seswavlil yvela sakiTxs;
sabazo da progresis qulebis gamoTvlis sistema –
maswavlebelma aRniSnuli sistema winaswar unda gaacnos
jgufebs;
jgufuri waxalisebis formebis SemuSaveba – STAD – is
dasrulebis Semdeg, garda individualuri Sefasebisa,
maswavlebelma unda Seafasos jgufuri muSaoba. jgufebis
waxaliseba unda moxdes jgufis wevrebis testis qulebis
saSualo maCveneblis mixedviT. waxalisebis formebi SeiZleba
iyos: Tavisufali dro, serTifikatebi, Seqebis werilebi
mSoblebs, da a.S;
jgufebis Semadgenloba – maswavlebelma winaswar unda
gansazRvros jgufebis Semadgenloba zemoT aRwerili
kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
jgufebis muSaobis formati, dro da adgili.
jgufebSi muSaobis organizebulad warmarTvisaTvis
maswavlebelma unda ganaxorcielos Semdegi RonisZiebebi:
saklaso sivrcis organizeba / merxebis gaadadgileba;
jgufebis saxelebis SerCeva – moswavleebs SeuZliaT
TviTon SearCion jgufis saxeli;
SerCeul jgufebSi wyvilebis (an 5–kaciani jgufis
SemTxvevaSi – wyvilis da trios) gamoyofa;
samuSao kiTxvarebis darigeba – TiTo jgufs unda
daurigdes mxolod 2 kiTxvari, raTa moswavleebma
dainaxon erToblivad muSaobis aucilebloba;
77
kiTxvarebze muSaoba: moswavleebi jer individualurad
muSaoben kiTxvaris sakiTxebze, romlebsac ganixilaven
jer wyvilebSi (an trioSi) da Semdeg jgufebSi. Tu
jgufi ver SeTanxmdeba swor pasuxze, maswavlebeli
exmareba maT sirTulis gadalaxvaSi;
jgufuri muSaobis dasruleba – jgufebi erTobliv
muSaobas asruleben mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
ganixilaven da gaarkveven yvela sakiTxs;
jgufuri muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi
individualurad abareben tests;
maswavlebeli afasebs testebs da gamoiTvlis
progresis qulebs;
maswavlebeli ajildoebs jgufebs testebis qulebis
saSualo maCveneblis mixedviT.
78
Jigsaw II
79
Jigsaw–is SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi gamoiyeneben informacias
sxvadasxva wyaroebidan, rogoricaa, saxelmZRvaneloebi,
klasgareSe literatura, a.S. da STAD-is SemTxvevaSi
moswavleebi mTlianad eyrdnobian maswavleblis mier
miwodebul sabazo informacias.
Jigsaw–is SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs urTierTdamokidebulebis
gacilebiT maRal xarisxs, radgan moswavleebs Soris xdeba
funqciebis gadanawileba da erTi moswavlis mier mopovebul
informaciaze aris damokidebuli meore moswavlis warmateba.
Jigsaw–sa da STAD-s Soris amasTanave aris bevri msgavseba,
kerZod:
moswavleebi jgufurad Seiswavlian sakiTxebs, Tumca
individualurad abareben testebs;
TanamSromlobiTi swavlis orive forma iyenebs
Sefasebisa da waxalisebis msgavs sistemas (sabazo da
progresis qulebi, jgufuri waxaliseba);
orive SemTxvevaSi moqmedebs heterogenuli dajgufebis
principi;
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba samuSao
kiTxvarebs da instruqciebs.
Jigsaw–is ganxorcieleba moicavs Semdeg etapebs:
დაგეგმვა
80
განხორციელება
saklaso diskusia
saklaso diskusia TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis farTod
gavrcelebuli formaa. igi gulisxmobs winaswar SerCeuli Temis
irgvliv kiTxva–pasuxs da sakiTxis analizs. saklaso diskusia
gansakuTrebiT efeqturi meTodia kritikuli azrovnebis, moraluri
da komunikaciis unarebis ganviTarebisaTvis.
81
სხვების აზრის გათვალისწინება და
პერეფრაზირება;
სხვების მოსაზრების დაკონკრეტება და განვრცობა;
პასიური მოსწავლეების ჩართვა დისკუსიაში, და
ა.შ.;
82
– diskusiis fokusireba mTavar Temaze;
proeqti
problema gamokveTilia;
83
proeqtis ori tipi arsebobs: (1) individualuri da (2) jgufuri
(jgufuri proeqti SeiZleba moicavdes mTel klass an masSi
SeiZleba CarTuli iyos ramdenime moswavle, romlebic erToblivad
Seecdebian dasaxuli miznis miRwevas).
84
moswavles uviTarebs gunduri muSaobisa da
TanamSromlobis unars;
moswavles uviTarebs moTminebis da mosmenis unars.
proeqtis dadebiTi efeqtebis garda, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom
proeqts, rogorc saswavlo aqtivobas, moepoveba garkveuli lim-
itebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac mniSvnelovania am aqtivobis gans-
axorcieleblad. kerZod:
1. proeqtis ganxorcielebisas xSirad rTulia proeqtis Temis
gansazRvra da xSirad xdeba, rom proeqts ar gaaCnia sagan-
manaTleblo Rirebuleba;
2. proeqtis ganxorcieleba moiTxovs xangrZliv dros, xolo
swavlebis procesSi maswavleblebi xSirad SezRudulebi
arian droSi;
3. proeqtis ganxorcieleba moiTxovs met resurs, anu SesaZle-
belia, maswavlebelma gamoiyenos aqtivobad proeqti, Tumca
skolaSi ar arsebobdes Sesabamisi resursi, rom moswav-
leebma SeZlon am proeqtis srulyofilad dagegmva da
ganxorcieleba;
4. proeqtis ganxorcielebisas SeiZleba moxdes sagnis Sinaar-
sis gadafarva;
5. arsebobs didi safrTxe, rom proeqtis dasruleba ver mox-
erxdes winaswar gansazRvrul droSi;
6. miuxedavad imisa, rom proeqtis erT-erTi dadebiTi efeqti
gunduri muSaobisa da TanamSromlobis unarebis ganviTare-
baa, arsebobs didi riski, rom proeqtis ganxorcielebam
ukuSedegi gamoiRos da moswavleebSi ganaviTaros individu-
alizmi, moaxdinos moswavleTa izolacia da ar moxdes
TanamSromloba, funqciebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis
gadanawileba proeqtSi CarTul moswavleebs Soris.
proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad mniSvnelovania moswavleTaTvis
im funqciis micema, rasac isini yvelaze efeqturad ganaxorciele-
85
ben. erTi proeqtis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba moiTxovdes sxvadasxva
sferoSi codnas, Sesabamisad, maswavlebelma moswavleebisTvis fun-
qciebi ise unda gadaanawilos, rom TiToeuli moswavle maqsimalu-
rad iyos CarTuli da maqsimaluri kontribucia gaakeTos proeqtis
ganxorcielebisas. P
proeqtis, rogorc saswavlo aqtivobis, SesarCevad, Semdegi au-
cilebeli faqtorebi unda arsebobdes: (1) proeqtis Temas unda
gaaCndes saganmanaTleblo Rirebuleba; (2) ar unda waiRos damate-
biTi da zedmeti dro; (3) unda iyos problematuri da am proeqtis
ganxorcieleba moswavleTaTvis unda iyos erTgvari `gamowveva~. (4)
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos arsebuli resursebi, ramdenad adekva-
turia proeqtis ganxorcielebisTvis. (5) sagnis swavlebisas Zalian
xSirad ar unda gamoiyenebodes es meTodi; (6) proeqti unda SeirCes
moswavleTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
proeqts, rogorc saswavlo aqtivobis, gansaxorcieleblad,
oTxi etapi gamoiyofa: (a) proeqtis miznis gansazRvra; (b) proeqtis
dagegmva; (g) proeqtis ganxorcieleba; (d) proeqtis Sefaseba.
proeqtis, rogorc saswavlo strategiis, efeqturobis dasa-
dastureblad, gTavazobT erT-erTi zrdasruli adamianis
monaTxrobidan amonarids, romelic Seexeba mis mier meoTxe klasSi
ganxorcielebul proeqts, rac saSualebas mogcemT, gaaanalizoT
proeqtis, rogorc strategiis, dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis sa-
kiTxebi da misi efeqturoba. `maswavlebelma SemogvTavaza gang-
vexorcielebina proeqti `saberZneTi~. Cven daviyaviT ramdenime jgu-
fad da TiToeul jgufs evaleboda emuSava klasikuri saberZneTis
specifikur aspeqtebze, istoria, miTologia, yoveldRiuri cxovreba
da xelovneba da proeqtis bolos gamovlindeboda proeqtze mo-
muSave saukeTeso jgufi.. jgufis TiToeulma wevrma moiZia infor-
macia im mimarTulebiT, razec isini muSaobdnen. informaciis
moZieba xdeboda saskolo saxelmZRvaneloSi, skolis biblioTekaSi
arsebul wignebsa da internetSi. informaciis mogrovebis Semdeg
unda mogvexdina prezentacia. Cven avirCieT, ra tipis prezentacias
86
gavakeTebdiT da rogor mivawvdidiT davalebis Cvens nawils mTel
klass. jgufma, romelic saberZneTis istoriaze muSaobda, airCia
komikuri Janri; miTologiaze momuSave jgufma Teatralizebuli
warmodgena moawyo, yoveldRiur cxovrebaze momuSave jgufma -
skolis derefani namdvil qalaqad aqcia, sadac iyo bazroba,
Teatri da sxva, xolo xelovnebaze momuSave jgufma moawyo ga-
mofena, romelzec warmodgenili iyo arqiteqturuli nimuSebi,
sxvadasxva skulptura da Zegli, poeziisa da mwerlobis nawarmoe-
bebi.
87
moviwvieT mTeli skola Cveni warmodgenis sanaxavad, Cven viyaviT
namdvili berZnebi. mogvianebiT maswavlebelma wagviyvana suraTebis
gamofenaze. Ggamofenaze gamofenili naxatebi asaxavda sxvadasxva
erovnebis kulturas. maswavlebelma gvTxova, aRmogveCina is
naxatebi, romlebic saberZneTis kulturas gamoxatavda. amJamad
namdvilad aRar maxsovs, proeqtSi romeli jgufis muSaoba Sefasda
yvelaze warmatebulad da romelma jgufma gaimarjva, magram
namdvilad maxsovs yvelaferi, rac saberZneTis Sesaxeb im proeqtis
farglebSi Sevityve~.
mowveuli stumari
88
kuTxeebi
89
qmedebebs. bolo etapze yvela SevikribeT saerTo aqtivobebisTvis
dasajdom (skamebis) kuTxeSi da TiToeuli maTgani yveboda, romel
kuTxeSi iyo, ratom airCia es kuTxe, ra gaakeTa am kuTxeSi, rogor
gaakeTa, visTan erTad gaakeTa da a.S. swored am monaTxrobebis
Sedegad gavicani me Cemi moswavleebi ukeTesad. . . TandaTanobiT me
aRmovaCine, ras aniWeben isini upiratesobas, ra unari aqvT, urTier-
Tobebi daamyaron sxvebTan, rogor axdenen sxvaze gavlenas an eqce-
vian gavlenis qveS, maTi iniciativebi, maTi drois marTvis unari... am
gziT moswavleebs klasSi swavlis paralelurad mouwiaT yovel-
dRiuri cxovrebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba,
maT unda aerCiaT raRac, maT monawileoba unda mieRoT, isini unda
CarTuliyvnen diskusiaSi. . . me yovelTvis mainteresebda skola, ro-
melic ar iyo gansxvavebuli da mowyvetili yoveldRiuri cxovre-
bidan, radgan mimaCnia rom ganaTlebas mxolod am dros aqvs
mniSvneloba Tu misi realizeba xdeba yoveldRiur cxovre-
baSi.…xSirad vfiqrob da verafriT gamigia maswavleblebi ratom ar
iyeneben kuTxeebis strategias moswavleebTan ufro maRal klaseb-
Sic da iwyeben gakveTils Semdegi SekiTxviT `aba, raze gavCerdiT
guSin?~
90
Tari azri da daicvan TavianTi pozicia, amasTan yuradRebiT mous-
minon sxvebis argumentebs da gaiziaron an ar gaiziaron gansxvave-
buli mosazrebebi, Seicvalon an ar Seicvalon pozicia.Aaqve gTa-
vazobT kidev erT situacias, romelic ukavSirdeba maswavleblis
mier `kuTxeebis~ meTodis gamoyenebas skolaSi gansxvavebuli
midgomebis gasaanalizeblad:
situaciis analizi
91
isini ar utoveben nikas Tavisufali arCevanis saSualebas, rac misi
pirovnuli uflebaa. rogorc situaciidan Cans, aravin dainterese-
bula, ra aris Tanatolis gansxvavebuli Cacmulobisa da
varcxnilobis mizezi. bavSvis gamomwvevi garegnuli ieri SesaZloa
iyos protestis niSani, sakuTri individualobis xazgasma an sulac
msoflmxedvelobrivi kuTvnilebis gamoZaxili. rac ar unda iyos
amis safuZveli, nika unda miiRon iseTi, rogoric is aris.
aqtivobebi:
aqtivoba 1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs uambobs ambavs, momxdars
samarSruto taqsiSi. manqanaSi sxedan: aTleturi garegnobis
mamakaci, dakunTul tanze Semotmasnili perangiT, Suaxnis
simpaTiuri mamakaci Sarval-kostumiT, halstuxiTa da Zvirfasi
saTvaliT, axalgazrda gaxunebul da siZvelisagan gacrecil
qurTukSi, studenti biWi muxlebze gadaxeuli jinsebiT, mklavze
sviringiTa da sayuriT, uCveulod lamazi gogona gamokvarTuli
SarvliTa da Rrmad dekoltirebuli maisuriT. gogona
fanjarasTan oradgilian skamze ganTavsda. mas gverdiT miujda
respeqtabeluri garegnobis mamakaci Zvirfasi saTvaleebiT.
Tavdapirvelad mgzavrebs isini nacnobebi egonaT, radgan mamakaci
raRacas eCurCuleboda. gogona jer Tavdaxrili usmenda, Semdeg
92
wamodgoma da sxva skamze gadasvla scada, magram mamakacma mklavSi
xeli waavlo da uxeSad uTxra: `ra Zalian ipranWebi, garegnobaze
ar getyoba, ra Citic xar?~ gogonas Tvalebi cremlebiT aevso... mas
erTaderTi adamiani gamoesarCla, romelmac Tavxedi mamakaci
samarSruto taqsidan `CaabrZana~.
ambis mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebma unda amoicnon, vin
gamoesarCla gogonas da Tan daasabuTon, ratom fiqroben ase.
93
diskusiis Sefasebis kiTxvari
saxelebi: _______________________________________
TariRi: ___________
sadiskusio Tema: ____________________________________
diax ara zogjer monacemebi
diskusiis procesSi yvela
monawileobda, gamoTqvamda
azrs da asabuTebda
monawileebi icavdnen
diskusiis wesebs
diskusia jgufSi Temas ar
gascilebia
jgufi konstruqciuli iyo,
akritikebda mosazrebas da
ara pirovnebas
TanatolTa swavleba
94
(a) is uzrunvelyofs saswavlo procesSi yvela moswavlis
CarTvas (SezRuduli SesaZleblobis moswavlis, akademiurad Camor-
Cenili moswavlis, romlebic xSirad izolirebulni arian, ling-
visturi umciresobebis moswavlis da a.S.);
(b) iZleva dadebiTi ukukavSirisTvis met dros;
(g) iZleva saSualebas maswavlebelma yuradReba gaamaxvilos
moswavleTa individualur saWiroebebze;
TanatolTa swavlebis strategia klasSi or SemTxvevaSi ga-
moiyeneba: (a) Semswavlelebs Soris inteleqtualur monacemebSi
sxvaobis SemTxvevaSi; (b) moswavleebSi urTierTTanamSromlobis da-
bali xarisxis SemTxvevaSi. maswavlebeli qmnis ori moswavlisagan
Semdgar jgufs da ayalibebs asimetriul urTierTobebs maT Soris,
erTi aswavlis, meore ki swavlobs. mniSvnelovania maswavlebelma
saWiro dro SearCios da efeqturad gamoiyenos aRniSnuli strate-
gia. TanatolTa swavlebis ganxorcieleba Semdeg aqtivobebs moi-
cavs:
● maswavlebeli amzadebs moswavleebs rogorc maswavleblis,
agreTve moswavlis rolis Sesasruleblad da acnobs sxvadasxva
strategias;
maswavlebeli awyvilebs moswavleebs;
maswavlebeli umzadebs moswavleebs saswavlo masalas
da moswavleebi iyeneben maswavleblis mier momzadebul
masalas;
moswavle meore moswavles acnobs xelaxla im sakiTxs,
romelic maswavlebelma ukve axsna da iRebs meore
moswavlis ukukavSirs;
moswavleebi cvlian rolebs garkveuli periodis Sem-
deg;
maswavlebeli akvirdeba da monitorings uwevs yvela
wyvilSi mimdinare swavlebis process da ukukavSirs
akeTebs moswavleTa qmedebebze.
95
TanatolTa swavleba efeqturia orive moswavlisTvis, radgan
orive moswavle iRrmavebs codnas. amasTanave, kargia, Tu am strate-
gias gancalkevebulad, mxolod erTxel ar gamoviyenebT da es
gagrZeldeba, magaliTad, mTeli trimestris ganmavlobaSi, radgan
moswavleebi erTmaneTs daexmarebian mTeli trimestris farglebSi
da Tan es ise moxdeba, rom uxerxuloba ar Seiqmnas, radgan orive
moswavle orive rols TamaSobs, garda amisa, moswavles, romelsac
sWirdeba daxmareba, ar esaWiroeba amis Txovna, is avtomaturad
iRebs am daxmarebas sxva moswavlisgan. aqve gTavazobT ramdenime
miniSnebas, romlebic gansazRvraven TanatolTa swavlebis strate-
giis efeqturad gamoyenebas:
(1) dagegmeT gakveTili ise, rom gaafarTooT
moswavleTa arsebuli codna;
(2) konkretul wyvilebSi gaakeTeT aqcenti moswav-
leTa saWiroebebze da SeecadeT maswavlebelma–
moswavlem am saWiroebebze gaakeTos aqcenti;
(3) aswavleT moswavleebs, rogor SeiZleba aswav-
lon Tanatolebs;
(4) gaakeTeT moswavle–maswavlebelTaTvis sax-
elmZRvanelo miTiTebaTa nusxa;
(5) TanatolTa swavlebis TiToeul gakveTilze Ti-
Toeuli wyvilis Sesaxeb gaakeTeT Canawerebi;
(6) maqsimalurad uzrunvelyaviT TvalsaCinoebebiT
moswavleebi, radgan moswavleebs uadvildebaT
TvalsaCinoebebis daxmarebiT masalis miwodeba
da agreTve aRqma.
gTavazobT gakveTilis magaliTs, sadac maswavlebelma gamoi-
yena TanatolTa swavlebis strategia. magaliTi moyvanilia maTe-
matikis gakveTilidan, Tumca am gakveTilze mizani iyo moswavleebis
kiTxvis unaris ganviTarebac meore enaSi, amasTanave, nawilebis
identificireba da informaciis interpretacia, radgan gakveTili
tardeboda bilingvuri programis klasSi enisa da sagnis integri-
96
rebuli swavlebis midgomiT. am magaliTis SemTxvevaSi Semswav-
lelebs Soris inteleqtualur monacemebSi sxvaobaa da maswavle-
beli mimarTavs TanatolTa swavlebis strategias da awyvilebs
maRali akademiuri da SedarebiT dabali akademiur moswrebis
moswavleebs:
არმენი
რამინი
მარინა
97
rad 4 vaSls udris, maSin suraTze gamoxatuli 2 vaSli ramden
realur vaSls utoldeba? suraTze gamoxatuli 3 vaSli ramden
realur vaSls udris?
moswavle–moswavle: suraTze gamoxatuli 2 vaSli niSnavs, rom
ramins aqvs: 2 unda gavamravloT 4–ze anu 8 vaSli, xolo 3 vaSli
niSnavs: armens aqvs 3 vaSli gamravlebuli 4–ze, anu… realurad 12
vaSli.
moswavle–maswavlebeli: saidan gamoiangariSe, rom ramins realurad
8 vaSli aqvs, xolo armens 12?
moswavle–moswavle: davTvale, I vaSlze ramins aqvs IIII realuri
vaSli, xolo II vaSlze gamouva IIII IIII vaSli, anu sul 8 vaSli.
moswavle–maswavlebeli: Seni azriT, ras unda aRniSnavdes suraTze
gamoxatuli es vaSli?
moswavle–moswavle: albaT, imas, rom anim SeWama suraTze ga-
moxatuli 1 vaSli, anu realurad 4 vaSli.
98
moswavle–maswavlebeli: da anis darCa suraTze gamoxatuli 1 vaSli
anu realurad 4 vaSli, amas gvekiTxeba amocanac?
moswavle–moswavle: ara, amocana gvekiTxeba, ramdeni mokrifa anam,
anis marTalia exla aqvs erTi vaSli naxatze anu 4 realuri vaSli,
magram aqvs kidev 1 SeWmuli vaSli naxatze, anu 4 realurad SeW-
muli vaSli. radgan amocana gvekiTxeba, ramdeni vaSli mokrifa anim,
gamodis, rom unda davTvaloT rac aqvs is vaSlebic da rac SeWama
_ is vaSlebic. aqedan gamomdinare, gamodis, rom anim dakrifa su-
raTze gamoxatuli 2 vaSli (1 mTeli da 1 SeWmuli), anu realurad 8
vaSli. anu, am amocanis pasuxia, rom anim dakrifa 8 vaSli.
magaliTis komentari
aRniSnul magaliTSi warmodgenili strategiiT moswavleeebma
SeZles:
vaSlebiT gamoxatuli simboloebis cifrebSi gadayvana da
maTematikuri operaciebis warmoeba;
naxatze arsebuli winadadebebis da sityvebis wakiTxva;
naxatze warmodgenili winadadebebis, sityvebis da simboloe-
bis dakavSireba da interpretacia;
moswavleebis saubris Sedegad moswavleTa saubris unari gan-
viTarda da leqsikuri maragi gamdidrda, rac gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania bilingvur klasebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom warmodgenil magaliTSi moswavle–moswavle
sworad scems pasuxs moswavle–maswavleblis SekiTxvebs, Tumca,
xSiri iqneba SemTxvevebi, roca pasuxi mcdari iqneba da moswavle–
maswavlebels dasWideba Zalisxmeva, raTa cxovrebiseuli ga-
mocdilebidan da praqtikuli magaliTebiT, bavSvur, martiv da
gasageb enaze auxsnas moswavles konkretuli sakiTxi da daexmaros
mis amoxsnasa da gadaWraSi.
aqve gTavazobT erT-erTi moswavlis monaTxrobs, Tu ra Sedegi
mohyva TanatolTa swavlebis strategias: `me gamovicvale skola da
99
rusuli skolidan gadavedi erTenovan qarTul skolaSi,
Tavdapirvelad sakmaod dabneul viyavi, faqtobrivad, dakarguliviT
viyavi klasSi. verafers vigebdi, roca maswavlebeli iwyebda axsnas,
gansakuTrebiT gamiWirda maTematika, maswavlebeli gvaswavlida
gayofas, magram dafaze werda cifrebs da gayofis niSnebs iseTi
formiT, romelic absoluturad ucxo iyo CemTvis da verafers vge-
bulobdi, me gayofis swavlisas viyenebdi sxva meTods, magram raSi
iyo gansxvaveba, ver vamCnevdi da verc maswavlebeli xvdeboda, ra-
tom ver vigebdi da ras mixsnida gansxvavebulad. amitom maswavle-
belma gamoiyena TanatolTa swavlebis strategia. erT–erT Tanak-
laselTan damawyvila da mogvca gayofis erTi amocana. Tanak-
laselma Taviseburad, Zalian BbavSvurad da martivad amixsna,
rogor asrulebda gayofas. misi axsnis Semdeg CemTvis yvelaferi
naTeli gaxda da aRarasodes Semqmnia problema swavlis periodSi.
zogjer Tanatoli namdvilad ukeTesad gagebinebs; garda amisa,
zogjer TanatolTan girCevnia aRiaro, rom swavlasTan dakavSire-
biT raRac problema gaqvs da is dagexmaros am saswavlo problemis
mogvarebaSi, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania am TanatolTan
kargi da megobruli urTierToba gqondes. . . ~
roluri TamaSi
roluri TamaSi _ es aris cxovrebiseuli situaciis
imitireba romelime konkretuli problemis gasaazreblad da
gadasaWrelad. es meTodi moswavleebs aZlevs imis saSualebas, rom
maT ganiviTaron da Seamowmon sakuTari codna, unarebi da ga-
mocdileba mocemul situaciaSi moqmedi pirebis azrebisa da grZno-
bebis gaTavisebiT. am meTods SeuZlia Seasrulos moswavleebSi da-
moukidebeli azrovnebis ganviTarebisa da swavlis xelSemwyobis
roli.
roluri TamaSi moswavleebs exmareba:
• Tanagancdis ganviTarebaSi, radganac isini ganixilaven da
100
iTaviseben sxvebis azrebs, grZnobebs da Tvalsazrisebs;
• zepiri gamoxatvisa da interpretaciis unarebis ganviTare-
baSi, radgan isini iyeneben metyvelebas imisaTvis, rom gadmo-
scen emociebi da gamoxaton reaqciebi;
• gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da problemis gadaWris unarebis
ganviTarebaSi, radganac cxovrebiseuli situaciebis ga-
TamaSebisas isini iReben unikalur gamocdilebas;
• zepirmetyvelebisa da mosmenis unarebis ganviTarebaSi.
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roluri TamaSisaTvis momzadebis Semdegi safexurebia:
• scenaris Seqmna roluri TamaSisaTvis (scenarSi unda Candes
gadasaWreli problema);
• rolur TamaSSi moswavleTa valdebulebebis gansazRvra (ma-
galiTad, vin iqneba mTxrobeli, vin dasvams SekiTxvebs, vin
daxatavs da a.S.);
• rolebis ganawileba (sasurvelia, Tu baraTebze dawerili
iqneba roli da TiToeuli monawilis funqcia);
• oTaxis momzadeba (oTaxSi merxebis ganlagebis SecvliT
dawyebuli, damTavrebuli avejiTa da ganaTebiT);
• moswavleebma unda moifiqron, rogor Sevidnen Tavidan
rolSi (Tavidanve imis gamJRavneba, vin arian, sad arian da ra
xdeba);
• garkveuli daZabulobis Setana, raTa yvela dainteresdes (ma-
galiTad, urTierTsawinaaRmdego ideebi an am ideebis ga-
momxatveli personaJebi, gadasaWreli problemis aqtualoba,
situaciis idumaleba da sxva).
102
roluri TamaSis Semdeg
roluri TamaSis Sefaseba moxdeba gansjiTi diskusiis meS-
veobiT. isic dasaSvebia, rom moswavleebma sakuTari STabeWdilebebi
werilobiT gadmoscen. aseT dros SeiZleba moswavlem, romelic
pasiuri iyo roluri TamaSis dros, Zalian gaazrebulad daweros
am gamocdilebis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli strategia ukve farTod gavrcelebulia saswavlo
procesSi da yvela maswavlebeli iyenebs mas. Aam SemTxvevaSi mTa-
varia, sworad iyos SerCeuli am strategiis gamoyenebis dro da
adgili. mniSvnelovania agreTve rolebis sworad gadanawileba,
xSir SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi arakomfortulad da mouxerxeblad
grZnoben Tavs, Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania moswavlis rolidan
Sesasrulebel rolze gadasvlis periodi raRac aqtivobebiT dat-
virTos pedagogma, rac ufro uSualos gaxdis moswavles da axali
rolis Sesrulebis diskomforts garkveulwilad mainc mouxsnis.
gTavazobT aseTi gardamavali tipis aqtivobebis ramdenime savar-
jiSos:
movaWreebi
moswavleebi muSaoben wyvilebSi. TiToeuli aris gamyidveli
(movaWre) sakuTari Tvisebis an maxasiaTeblis, romlis gacvlasac
cdilobs, magaliTad, iumoris grZnobis, sibrZnis, kargi garegnobis,
sinatifis, musikaluri monacemebis, fexburTelis niWis da a.S. Ti-
Toeuli movaWre cdilobs karg fasad gayidos an iyidos esa Tu is
Tviseba Tu maxasiaTebeli, cdilobs TavisTvis momgebiani garigeba
dados. aRniSnuli savarjiSo xels uwyobs moswavleTa Rirebulebe-
bisa da damokidebulebis garkvevas maswavleblis mier, rac xels
Seuwyobs maswavlebels, sworad SeurCios moswavles konkretuli
roli. savarjiSo moswavleSi aviTarebs komunikaciis unars da
amzadebs mas garkveuli rolis Sesasruleblad.
103
gadawyvetilebis swrafad miReba
wyvilebSi an jgufSi momuSave moswavleebs miecemaT rolebi
an garkveuli situaciis monaxazi. maT eZlevaT garkveuli problema
an konfliqturi situacia, romelic drois mokle, gansazRvrul pe-
riodSi unda gadaWran (erT an or wuTSi). gansazRvruli drois
gasvlis Semdeg moswavlem problemis gadaWris Taviseburi xedva
unda gaacnos mTel jgufs. problemis gadaWris gzis gacnobis Sem-
deg iwyeba diskusiebi imis Taobaze, Tu rogor mivida monawile am
gadawyvetilebamde, ratom aris es gadawyvetileba kargi, rogor mo-
qmedebda SezRuduli drois faqtori moswavleze swrafi gadawy-
vetilebis miRebisas. aRniSnuli aqtivobac xels uwyobs moswavles
rolis SesrulebisTvis moemzados, xolo maswavlebels - adekva-
turad gadaanawilos rolebi moswavleTa Soris.
gTavazobT im gakveTilis scenars, romelSic gamoyenebulia
roluri TamaSi.
gakveTilis msvleloba:
104
Cemodans.
aqtivoba 2. moswavleebi am teqstis mixedviT amzadeben arCeul
rolebs da azusteben detalebs. amis Semdeg amzadeben saubris
SesaZlo variants:
mebarguli: ai, Tavisufali kaiuta, mgoni, aq unda iyos Tqveni
adgili.
qmari: gmadlobT, Tu SeiZleba, es didi Cemodani ai, aq, qvemoT
moaTavseT, patara Cemodans me TviTon mivxedav. ai, aiReT (aZlevs
fuls).
mebarguli: gmadlobT. sasiamovno mgzavrobas gisurvebT.
coli: gesmis? vaime, ra xmaa es?
qmari: o, es ra Cemodania aq! aha, xmac aqedan ismis, albaT maRviZaraa.
coli: ra maRviZara, sad gagigia, maRviZaras aseTi xma rom hqondes!
qmari: ra vqnaT? albaT, kapitans unda SevatyobinoT.
coli: ra dros egaa, SeiZleba avfeTqdeT (CemodniT xelSi gamorbis
kaiutidan)! modi, droze! (oriveni miaTreven Cemodans da Ria
zRvaSi agdeben.
coli: (kmayofili): uh, Zlivs ar movaswariT!
axalgazrda kaci (Semodis da TvalebiT eZebs Cemodans): e, sad
gaqra, aq davtove (bileTze amowmebs adgils)!
meToduri komentari: SeiZleba moswavleebs mieceT davaleba,
umniSvnelod Secvalon scenari, magaliTad, axalgazrda col-qmari
ki ara, es aris ori mSiSara moxuci. maT SeuZliaT daamaton infor-
macia mgzavrebis Sesaxeb: vin arian, sad midian, ramdeni wlis arian,
rogor gamoiyurebian da a.S. amis Semdeg iZlevian saubris SesaZlo
variants.
klasis donidan gamomdinare, moswavleebs winaswar SeiZleba
mieces roluri TamaSisaTvis saWiro enobrivi konstruqciebi, ma-
galiTad, `sasiamovno mgzavrobas gisurvebT.~ `me TviTon mivxedav
bargs~ da sxva...
105
daskvna
yvela zemoT aRwerili strategia xels uwyobs komunikaciis
damyarebas saswavlo procesSi CarTul yvela pirovnebas Soris. ga-
naTleba aris yovelTvis komunikacia, interkulturuli midgoma
gulisxmobs iseTi saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebis gamoyenebas, ro-
melic xels uwyobs, erTi mxriv, swavlebis procesSi CarTuli
yvela adamians Soris azrebis gacvlas, xolo, meore mxriv, axali
codnisa da mosazrebebis formirebas yvela moswavlisa da maswav-
leblis saerTo gamocdilebidan gamomdinare. aqve gTavazobT niedas
mier SemuSavebul rekomendaciebs, romelic xels Seuwyobs maswav-
lebels klasSi jansaRi garemos SeqmnaSi da gauadvilebs efeqtur
komunikacias moswavleebTan:
• daafaseT moswavlis miRweva, rac ar unda mciredi iyos;
• arasodes misceT uaryofiTi Sefaseba moswavleebis na-
muSevars, aucileblad aRmoaCine pozitiuri momentebi naS-
romSi;
• Tuki miuTiTebT moswavles warumateblobaze, aucileblad
SesTavazeT am warumateblobis gamosworebisa da daZlevis
gzebi;
• daafaseT moswavlis nebismieri qmedeba, romelic problemis
mogvarebiskenaa mimarTuli, miuxedavad imisa, efeqturad
geCvenebaT Tu ara moswavlis mier dasaxuli problemis mog-
varebis gza;
• daafaseT moswavlis yvela mcdeloba, romelic mimarTulia
davalebis Sesrulebaze;
• daafaseT moswavleTa damoukidebeli azrovneba da Sesabamisi
damoukidebeli qmedeba;
• moswavleebTan gaaformeT qcevis wesebze SeTanxmeba da See-
cadeT, yvelam pativi sces yvelasTan SeTanxmebul saerTo we-
sebsa da normebs;
• Tu konfliqti warmoiSveba klasSi, sTxoveT moswavleTa ko-
106
misias, rom Seiswavlon konfliqti da SemogTavazon gadaWris
gzebi;
• unda SeZloT aRiaroT Secdomebi aseTis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi da bodiSi moixadoT moswavleebTan am Sec-
domisTvis;
• roca moswavleebi raime davalebas Seasruleben, mniSvnelova-
nia, moxdes aqtivobis, procesis da Sedegis Sefaseba, gaanal-
izdes pozitiuri da negatiuri momentebi, daiweros mosazre-
bebi Semdegi davalebis Tu aqtivobis gasaumjobeseblad;
• xSirad moiwvieT mSoblebi, moxaliseebi da profesionalebi
sakuTari gamocdilebis moswavleTaTvis gasaziareblad;
• miuZRveniT specialuri dro im adamianebze saubars, romelTa
moRvaweobam humanurobis ganviTarebas da keTildReobas Seu-
wyo xeli;
• moawyveT samecniero gamofenebi, proeqtis prezentaciebi, Sek-
rebebi da sxva aqtivobebi, rac moamzadebs yvela moswavles
aqtiuri cxovrebisTvis;
• ganaxorcielebineT moswavleebs damoukidebeli kvlevebi,
raTa xeli SeuwyoT maTSi damoukidebeli azrovnebis ganvi-
Tarebas da sakuTar TavSi rwmenis amaRlebas.
107
TavSi gamoyenebuli literatura
108
Tavi mesame
109
Tavi mesame
interkulturuli ganaTleba da praqtika
______________________________________________
Sesavali
110
eTnikurad mravalferovan klasSi swavlebis strategiebi
111
სწავლების ენა სკოლები შერეული ენობრივი სკოლები სუფთა ენობრივი
სექტორებით სექტორებით
სკოლების მოსწავლეების სკოლების მოსწავლეების
რაოდენობა რაოდენობა რაოდენობა რაოდენობა
აზერბაიჯანუ 124 27442 94 18462
ლი
სომხური 140 15592 124 14944
რუსული 135 24512 14 3748
ოსური 3 165 1 60
სხვა 2 242 1 37
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2009 (EMIS)
112
klasTan dakavSirebul kritikul situaciebs
situacia 1:
moswavle gviambobs: `me mamiT afxazi var, deda qarTveli
myavs. afxazeTTanKkonfliqtis gamo Cemi mSoblebi daSordnen. eqvsi
Tvis viyavi, roca dedam TavisianebTan wamomiyvana. mamas sxva ojaxi
hyavs. masTan, faqtobrivad, urTierToba ar maqvs. ramdenjerme
Segvexmiana, magram mere misgan zarebic Sewyda... erTxel istoriis
gakveTilze, roca maswavlebeli saqarTvelo-afxazeTis konfliqtze
saubrobda, ise `SeiWra rolSi”, rom ver damala gaRizianeba.
afxazebi umadurebad monaTla. Cveni uxerxemlo mTavrobis bralia,
amdeni ufleba rom misca afxazebso. mokled, konfliqtSi brali
mTlianad meore mxares dasdo. maswavlebeli rom laparakobda,
vigrZeni, klaselebi xSir-xSirad gadmomxedavdnen. daviZabe. erTma
metiCara gogom isic ki miTxra: me rom Sens adgilze viyo, gvars
gamovicvlidio. karga xans skolaSi siarulis survili davkarge.
rom ara Cemi ramdenime axlo Tanaklaseli Zmakaci da qarTulis
maswavlebeli, romelmac `haki aZbas~ swavlebisas sul sxva TvaliT
dagvanaxa afxazebi, maTi tradiciebi da wes-Cveulebebi, an sxva
skolaSi gadavidodi, an saerTodac aRar vivlidi...”
situaciis analizi
ukanasknel aTwleulebSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma
tragikulma movlenebma mraval ojaxs dautova mZafri tkivilis
gancda. Ees tkivili irekleba bavSvebis sulzec. maTi saTuTi buneba
reagirebs yovel wvrilmanzec ki. miT umetes, roca saubaria
bavSvze, romelsac omma ojaxi daungria, faqtobrivad, umamod
datova. sruliad gaugebaria maswavleblis pozicia, romelic Tavs
axvevs moswavleebs sakuTar xedvas, movlenis calmxriv Sefasebas
da ar iTvaliswinebs imas, rom klasSi afxazi erovnebis moswavle
uzis. imis magivrad, rom man istoriuli movlenebis sxvadasxva
113
perspeqtividan Wvreta aswavlos bavSvebs, izrunos maTSi
Semwynareblobis unaris ganviTarebaze, is Tavisi mkveTrad
gamoxatuli Seurigebeli poziciiT qsenofobiis damkvidrebas
uwyobs xels. radganac gakveTilis Tema qarTul-afxazuri
konfliqti iyo, maswavlebels, upirveles yovlisa, unda
gaeTvaliswinebina is elementebi, romlebic aucilebelia
konfliqtis analizisas, kerZod:
konfliqtis istoriisa da misi gamomwvevi mizezebis garkveva;
konfliqtSi CarTuli yvela mxaris gansazRvra;
konfliqtSi CarTuli yvela mxaris qmedebis motivisa da maTi
urTierTdamokidebulebebis garkveva;
im faqtorebisa da tendenciebis gansazRvra, romlebic
safuZvlad udevs konfliqts;
gamocdilebis swavla rogorc gamarjvebidan, ise marcxidan.
A analizis nacvlad maswavlebeli mxolod emociuri
damokidebulebis gamoxatviT dakmayofilda da klasSi Seqmna
garemo, romelmac afxazi warmoSobis biWunas ucxod da
`damnaSaved~ agrZnobina Tavi mxolod imitom, rom is afxazia.
istoriis maswavlebels SeeZlo gamoeyenebina roluri TamaSi
(magaliTad, saxalxo diplomatebis Sexvedra an konfliqtis
analizi sami poziciidan: qarTvelebis, afxazebisa da neitraluri
mxaris.) sxvis `tyavSi~ yofna moswavleebs ukeT acnobierebinebs
`mowinaaRmdegis pozicias, imas, rom marto misi pozicia ar aris
erTaderTi WeSmariteba; uviTarebs empaTiis unars.
samwuxarod, situaciaSi ar Cans, ra gaakeTa iseTi qarTulis
maswavlebelma, rom moswavles nawilobriv Seumsubuqa `ucxoobis~
gancda, daubruna skolaSi siarulis survili. Cven mxolod
SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom man SeZlo afxazi xalxis Rirsebebis
Cveneba da im Semxebi wertilebis, saerTo Rirebulebebisa da
interesebis monaxva, romlebic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi am ori
xalxis harmoniul Tanacxovrebas ganapirobebda.
114
gTavazobT erTi gakveTilis scenars romelic transformaciuli
midgomis nimuSs warmoadgens. masalad gamoyenebulia TxuTmeti
wlis mozardis, 123-e sajaro skolis X klasis moswavlis elene
ramiSvilis moTxroba, romelmac gaimarjva literaturul
konkursSi `Cemi afxazeTi~.
Cemi afxazeTi
115
dReebi gadioda. Cven erTmaneTs ufro da ufro davuaxlovdiT.
mTel dReebs erTad vatarebdiT. skolaSi rom midiodnen, guli
mwydeboda, xolo roca brundebodnen, sixarulisagan vyefdi da
adgilze veRar vCerdebodi. bevrjer damikawravs giorgi da saidi.
mikbenia kidec, magram, geficebiT, es zedmeti siyvaruliT Tu
momsvlia.
zafxulis ardadegebi daiwyo. axla ufro xSirad gavdiodiT
zRvaze. xan qviSaSi vkotrialobdiT, xanac talRebs veTamaSebodiT.
mec, giosac da saidsac uzomod gviyvarda Sokoladi, amitom
tkbilis gamo xSirad `vomobdiT~. zafxulis ardadegebi yvelaze
bednieri dro iyo CemTvis. . .
mere gio saxlidan aRar gadioda. arc TamaSis survili hqonda.
saidic arsad Canda. ezoSi gasuls CemTvis manamde ucnobi xmebi
mesmoda. raRac gruxunebda, raRac avismomaswaveblad zuzunebda
haerSi. irgvliv rkinis joxebiani kacebi darbodnen. adamianebis
kivils Cemianebis ymuili mohyveboda, Cemianebis ymuilze mec
vymuodi, Tumca ar vici, ratom. ezodan gasvlas ver vbedavdi, rom
gamego, ra aymuvlebdaT. saxlSi Sesuls gio meCxubeboda, gareT nu
gadixaro. Cemi patronebi fanjaraSi gaxedvasac ver bedavdnen.
116
saidic aRar modioda. me rafaze avZvrebodi da iqidan vxedavdi
adamianebs, romlebic sadRac garbodnen. zogierTi miwaze ecemoda
da aRar dgeboda. ramdenime adgilas cecxlis ali avarda.
RamRamobiT Cvens saxlSi mezoblebi Cumad modiodnen da sul imaze
iyo laparaki, daetovebinaT Tu ara soxumi da rogor gaeRwiaT.
Cemma ojaxmac amaze daiwyo fiqri...
almodebuli soxumidan manqanebi, gemebi sadRac midiodnen...
gaTenda is dRe, roca Cvenc unda wavsuliyaviT. Cvenc? me ase
vfiqrobdi, magram viRas axsovda ZaRli bobo. gios, ra Tqma unda,
undoda Cemi wayvana, magram gemze Tavad moxvdeboda Tu ara, aravin
icoda. mSoblebi eubnebodnen: `ra dros ZaRlia, wamodi Cqara!
ZaRli ufro usafrTxod iqneba aq, vidre Cven.~ gios da mis ojaxs
napiramde mivyevi im imediT, rom mainc ar damtovebdnen. sanapiroze
misulma yavaxanis ukan saidis cremliani Tvalebi davinaxe. gemi
daiZra. zRvaSi Sevcure. me mas vsdie iqamde, sanamdec SevZeli.
Semdeg sadRac gemis bolodan giorgis yvirili Semomesma:
`dabrundi, bobo, dabrundi. saidTan midi!~
videqi napirze da vuyurebdi im gems, romelsac gio mihyavda
Cemgan Sors, Zalian Sors, Tumca Zalian axlos, saqarTvelodan
saqarTveloSi. .
elene ramiSvili
Tbilisis 123-e sajaro skolis X klasis moswavle
gakveTilis mizani:
_ moswavleebi gaiazreben moTxrobas moqmedebis adgilisa da drois
mixedviT da gaaanalizeben masSi asaxul movlenebs;
_ imsjeleben moTxrobis gmirebis gancdebze, emociur
mdgomareobaze;
_ imsjeleben omis gamanadgurebel Sedegebze;
_ Seqmnian sxvadasxva saxis teqstebs moTxrobaSi asaxuli
problematikis konteqstSi.
117
aqtivobebi, maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro dro da organizebis
forma:
aqtivoba 1. sanam moTxrobas waikiTxaven, maswavlebeli moswavleTa
daxmarebiT qmnis asociaciur rukas, romlis centrSic moqceulia
sityva `megobroba~. Semdeg maswavlebeli svams kiTxvas: Tqveni
azriT, ram SeiZleba daarRvios WeSmariti megobroba? yvela pasuxi
(varaudis doneze) iwereba formatze. dro _ 5 wT. muSaoba mTel
klasTan.
aqtivoba 2. moswavleebs urigdebaT `aqtiuri kiTxvis sqema (e.w.
kornelis sqema)~. moswavleebi kiTxuloben moTxrobas da avseben am
sqemis pirvel svets, romelSic weren sad da rodis xdeba moqmedeba
da akeTeben pirvelad, emociur komentars. isini gamoxataven
sakuTar grZnobebsa da STabeWdilebebs. dro _ 15 wT. organizebis
forma _ individualuri.
aqtivoba 3. moswavleebi kidev erTxel gadaxedaven moTxrobas da
avseben sqemis meore svets, romelSic weren e. w. mokle kritikul
komentars. komentarebis prezentaciisas isini aanalizeben im
faqtorebs, romlebmac SeiZleba daakavSiros an daaSoros
megobrebi. aqcenti keTdeba qarTvel da afxaz biWebs Soris
arsebul megobrobaze, romelSic omamde ar igrZnoboda maTi
eTnikuri sxvadasxvaoba. maswavleblis fasilitaciiT moswavleebi
aanalizeben bavSvebis grZnobebs dacilebamde da dacilebis
Semdgom. 15 wT. organizebis forma _ jgufuri.
aqtivoba 4. maswavlebeli teqstis SejamebisTvis svams SekiTxvebs:
visi TvaliT aris danaxuli moTxrobaSi movlenebi? ram aiZula
megobrebi daSorebodnen erTmaneTs? romeli detalebi migvaniSnebs
bavSvebis emociur mdgomareobaze? romeli detalebiT mixvdiT, rom
saubaria omze? es SekiTxvebi moswavleebs exmareba gaiazron omis
gamanadgurebeli Sedegebi da adamianTa urTierTsiyvarulis
mniSvneloba. dro _ 10 wT. muSaoba mTel klasTan.
118
moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba, romelic maTi SemoqmedebiTobisa da
kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTarebas uwyobs xels (maT
SeuZliaT gaakeTon arCevani):
_ gaagrZeleT moTxroba;
_ miswereT werili afxazeTisa da saqarTvelos dRevandel
xelisuflebas;
_ dawereT mcire ese: omi da mSvidoba.
resursebi: moTxrobisa da sqemis qseroaslebi, formatebi,
flomasterebi, furclebi, sawerkalmebi.
situacia 2.
119
mzad iyo. skolaSi swavla orive xalxis Svilebma daiwyes.
mSoblebi da maswavleblebi movlenebs Tvals daZabulebi adevnebd-
nen. Tavdapirvelad moswavleebs Soris problemebi arsebobda. isini
xSirad kamaTobdnen da Cxubobdnen kidec, magram, rogorc cnobilia,
bavSvebi erTmaneTs advilad umegobrdebian da TandaTanobiT
mdgomareoba gamosworda. maswavlebeli mkacri iyo, magram
samarTliani. igi orive xalxis warmomadgenlebs erTnairad
eqceoda. bavSvebs skolaSi orive xalxis cxovrebis wesis
pativiscemas aswavlidnen. tyis piras mdebare skolis moswavleTa
ricxvi TandaTan izrdeboda. amave dros, arsebobdnen adamianebi
romlebsac ar surdaT, rom maT Svilebs meore xalxis SvilebTan
erTad eswavlaT. isini imis momxreebi iyvnen, rom orive xalxisTvis
cal-calke skolebi gaxsniliyo. am azrisAmomxreebi gansakuTrebiT
sWarbobda maT Soris, vinc tyis piras cxovrobda. isini
cdilobdnen rom TavianTi nacnob-megobrebi daerwmunebinaT imaSi,
rom saerTo skolaSi Svilebi ar gaeSvaT. erT dilas, rodesac
moswavleebi skolaSi mividnen, maTAskola gadamwvari daxvdaT.
skolis adgilas mxolod nangrevebi iyo darCenili”.
120
moswavleebs sTxoveT, moiyvanon argumentebi skolis aRdgenis
sasargeblod an sawinaaRmdegod. dafaze CamowereT skolis aRdgenis
momxreTa da mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebi. romeli mxaris argu-
mentebia ufro bevri da Zlieri?
Tu warmovidgenT, rom aRdgenili skola saerTo iqneba, kidev
risi gakeTeba SeiZleba imisTvis, rac am skolaSi moswavleTa
integracias daexmareba? ra ufro Seuwyobs xels skolaSi
sxvadasxva kulturuli jgufebis integracias? moswavles unda
SeeZlos sakuTari azris dasabuTeba. es davaleba SeiZleba weriTi
saSinao davalebis saxiTac misceT.
aqtivoba 1:
unda aRdges Tu ara skola? qvemoT motanili argumentebidan
romelia skolis aRdgenis sasargeblo da romeli - sawinaaRmdego?
• moswavleebi tolerantulebi gaizrdebian da mSoblebsac
imaves aswavlian.
• saerTo skola ufro metad gaaRvivebs dapirispirebas.
• skola moexmareba adamianebs, daZlion barierebi da
crurwmenebi.
• skolis megobari mTeli cxovrebisMmegobaria, ase rom kargia,
rodesac sxvadasxva kulturis adamianebi erTad swavloben. E
• azri ara aqvs. axal skolas mainc dawvaven.
• saerTo skolam xalxebs SeiZleba sakuTari kultura
daakargvinos.
• momavali axalgazrdebisaa da maT unda iswavlon erTad
cxovreba.DA A
• moswavleebi sxva kulturis pativiscemas iswavlian.
• maswavleblebisTvis ufro advilia iseT moswavleebTan
muSaoba, romelTac saerTo kultura aqvT.
121
• maswavlebeli Tavad swavlobs, rogor unda iyos ufro
tolerantuli gansxvavebuli kulturis mqone moswavleebis
mimarT.
• kidev ra? daamateT Tqveni mosazrebebi.
aqtivoba 2:
qvemoT motanili mosazrebebidan, Tqveni azriT, romeli ufro
gvaswavlis pativiscemas sxva kulturis mimarT? daalageT
Tanmimdevrulad.
• skolaSi sxvadasxva erovnebis maswavleblebi unda
aswavlidnen.
• moswavleebs unda utardebodeT gakveTilebi adamianis
uflebebze da tolerantobaze.
• im skolebis moswavleebma, sadac sxvadasxva erovnebis
moswavleebi swavloben, saerTo proeqtebSi unda miiRon
monawileoba.
• skolaSi unda aRiniSnebodes sxvadasxva xalxis erovnuli
dResaswaulebi da unda imarTebodes xalxuri koncertebi.
• mkacrad unda daisajos yvela is moswavle, vinc sxva kul-
turis warmomadgenels pativs ar scems an amcirebs.
• Tu erovnuli umciresobis warmomadgenels swavla uWirs, maT
gansakuTrebulad unda daexmaroT.
• kidev ra? daamateT Tqveni mosazrebebi.
aqtivoba 3:
Tqven rogor fiqrobT, unda aRdges skola Tu ara? ra
argumentebi gaqvT Tqveni mosazrebis dasasabuTeblad? Tqven TviTon
Tu iswavlidiT aseT skolaSi
(masala ”skola tyis piras” adaptirebulia britaneTis sabWos
proeqtidan “vicxovroT erTad” da mogvawoda rusudan tyemalaZem)
122
ena da swavla-swavlebis stili
123
umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs sakuTari Svilebi SehyavT
qarTulenovan skolebSi, sadac swavleba mimdinareobs mxolod
qarTulad. xSirad am moswavleebma skolaSi Sesvlis momentisTvis
saerTod ar ician qarTuli ena; (3) 2009 wlidan ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministrom daiwyo bilingvuri ganaTlebis programa.
am programaSi monawileobs 40 sapilote skola, sadac swavleba
xorcieldeba or (saxelmwifo da umciresobaTa mSobliur) enaze.
124
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi
125
aRsaniSnavia, rom mSobliuri enis codna xels uwyobs meore
enis aTvisebas. sveinma da lapkinma (1991) TavianT kvlevaSi
daadgines, rom moswavleebs, romlebic flobdnen mSobliur enas,
ufro kargad hqondaT ganviTarebuli werisa da zepirmetyvelebis
unarebi meore enaSi, mSobliuri enis armcodne moswavleebTan
SedarebiT. mSobliuri enis codna xels uwyobs unarebis transfers
meore enis Seswavlisas.
126
gamartivebis magivrad, maswavlebeli mimarTavs skeifoldings, rac
aris droebiTi instrumenti, rom moswavlem gaiazros sagnis
Sinaarsi. roca maswavleblis daxmarebiT moswavle eufleba codnas,
skeifoldingi aRar aris saWiro da moswavle ukve damoukideblad
umklavdeba saswavlo davalebebs.
vilarealma (1999), augustma (2002), brinma (2002) da smitma (2003)
Camoayalibes is maxasiaTeblebi, romelic saWiroa skolebisTvis,
sadac swavloben bilingvali bavSvebi da swavla xorcieldeba
mxolod saxelmwifo enaze:
maswavleblebi swavlebaze afuZneben moswavlis winare
codnasa da gamocdilebas;
TanatolTa swavleba aqtiurad gamoiyeneba klasSi, raTa
enobrivi daxmareba xdebodes megobrebis saSualebiTac;
enobrivi umciresobebis moswavleebi srulad
integrirebulni arian saskolo cxovrebaSi;
moswavleTa lingvisturi da kulturuli mravalferovneba
dafasebulia;
enobrivi umciresobis moswavleebis mimarT maswavleblebs
aqvT maRali molodinebi;
saswavlo gegma dagegmilia ise, rom moswavlem SeZlos
misi aTviseba, magram amave dros misi daZleva warmoadgens
`gamowvevas~ moswavleTaTvis da uzrunvelyofs moswavlis
interesis gaRvivebas swavlis procesisadmi;
lingvisturi kompetenciebi da sagnis konceptualuri
sakiTxebi erTmaneTSi ar aris areuli, anu, moswavlis
enobrivi kompetencia ar aris kriteriumi moswavlis
azrovnebis donis Sesafaseblad;
enisa da sagnis aTvisebac SesaZlebelia moswavlis mier;
ojaxis enidan dominant enaze gadasvlis procesi
sensitiuri da warmatebulia;
127
wignierebisa da zepirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTareba
integrirebulia swavlebis procesSi;
azrovnebis maRali donis unarebi uviTardebaT
moswavleebs;
Sefaseba unda iyos samarTliani da validuri, Sefaseba ar
unda xdebodes bilingvali da monolingvali moswavleebis
Sedarebis gziT.
maswavlebeli swavlebis procesSi aqtiurad iyenebs
moswavleTa gamocdilebebs, maT Soris im gamocdilebebs,
romlebic ukavSirdeba moswavleTa ojaxsa da socialur
wres;
enobrivi umciresobis mSoblebi arian partniorebi,
romlebic pasuxismgeblebi da Tanamonawileni arian
moswavlis mier miRweul warmatebebze;
maswavlebelTa SerCeva xdeba Zalian faqizad,
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTareba mudmivad
xorcieldeba, gansakuTrebiT umciresobaTa moswavleebis
swavlebis meTodebis mimarTulebiT;
skola aris bavSvTa uflebebis garantori da
uzrunvelyofs moswavlis ojaxTan TanamSromlobiT
socialur servisebis xelmisawvdomobas
situacia 1
moswavle gviambobs: `erovnebiT somexi var. dedam qarTul
skolaSi Semiyvana, saxelmwifo enis codna aucilebeliao. saxlSi
mxolod somxurad laparakoben, amxanagebi, mezoblebis umravlesoba
somexi erovnebis arian. qarTulad saerTod ar vlaparakob, amitom
128
swavla Zalian gamiWirda. zogjer maswavleblis saubarsac ver
vigeb. qarTvel amxanagebTanac ver vurTierTob. mrcxvenia,
SecdomebiT rom vlaparakob, meSinia, ar damcinon, amitom vcdilob,
klasSi somex amxanagebTan viyo, amaze maswavlebeli gabrazda, ase
qarTuls ver iswavliTo. gagvacalkeva. jer TiToeuli Cvengani
qarTveli bavSvis gverdiT dagvsva. mere erTmaneTTan somxurad
laparaki agvikrZala. erTi suli maqvs, gakveTilebi rodis
damTavrdeba da saxlSi rodis waval. skolaSi yofna tanjvad
meqca...~
situaciis analizi
nebismier moqalaqes, ganurCevlad eTnikuri, religiuri,
enobrivi da a.S. kuTvnilebisa, unda mieces qveynis socialur-
politikur, ekonomikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi srulfasovani
integrirebis Tanabari SesaZlebloba, saxelmwifo enis
srulyofili codna ki amis garants warmoadgens. swored amitom
araqarTulenovani bavSvebis mSoblebi dainteresebulebi arian, rom
maTi Svilebi daeuflon saxelmwifo enas da ukve xSiria
SemTxvevebi, roca am enis ukeT Seswavlis mizniT isini qarTul
skolebSi SehyavT. magram, rogorc bavSvis naambobidan Cans, aman mas
seriozuli problemebi Seuqmna ara marto kognituri (igi ar
flobs swavlebis enas, ris gamoc is CamorCeba swavlaSi), aramed
socializaciisa da komunikaciis kuTxiT. problemas ramdenime
faqtori ganapirobebs, kerZod:
garemo, romelic mas ojaxsa da skolis gareT aqvs, ar uwyobs
xels qarTuli enis SeswavlaSi;
rogorc Cans, maswavlebels ar SeuZlia individualurad
miudges moswavleebs, romelTac enobrivi problemebi aqvT;
maswavlebeli ar flobs enis swavlebis efeqtur meTodebs;
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rogorc Cans, skolaSi ar aris pirobebi saxelmwifo enis
Sesaswavlad aseTi moswavleebisaTvis: arc damatebiTi an e. w.
wreobrivi muSaobaa da arc individualuri programa.
Tu davukvirdebiT, CamoTvlilTagan samis mogvareba
SesaZlebelia skolis doneze. rogorc Cans, amis survili
pedagogsac aqvs. is cdilobs, gadaWras problema, magram ver
poulobs swor gzas, radgan saamisod kompetencia ar hyofnis.
maswavleblis gadawyvetilebiT, somxurenovani moswavle
qarTulenovanis gverdiT daesva, bavSvs aRar eqneboda Tavis
mSobliur enaze gadalaparakebis saSualeba. is imedovnebda, rom
amgvari xerxiT xelს Seუwyobda komunikacias qarTul enaze,
sabolood ki mis ukeT Seswavlas (enis aTvisebis erT-erTi yvelaze
efeqturi gzaa am enaze molaparake TanatolebTan intensiuri
urTierToba) da qarTvel da somex bavSvTa urTierToba
arasagakveTilo drosac qarTul enaze gagrZeldeboda. magram ase
ar moxda, radgan qarTuli enis arcodnis gamo erTmaneTSi mxolod
mSobliur enaze saubari maTTvis ufro mosaxerxebeli iyo da
amitom cdilobdnen sul erTad yofnas. somex moswavleebსAenis
Seswavlisas xelis SemSleli faqtorebisagan Tavis daRwevaSi
profesionali maswavlebeli unda daexmaros, romelsac SeuZlia
individualuri midgoma da flobs enis intensiuri swavlebis
meTodebs, `icnobs multikulturul da multilingvur midgomebsa
da principebs da iyenebs maT swavlebis dagegmvisa da
ganxorcielebis procesSi~ (maswavleblis profesiuli standarti (7.
3.). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli aseT profesionalTa
ricxvs ar ganekuTvneba. mSobliur enaze laparakis akrZalvis
nacvlad maswavlebels iseTi saklaso da arasaklaso aqtivobebi
unda daegegma (magaliTad, speqtakli qarTulad, roluri TamaSebi,
situaciuri amocanebi da a.S.), romlebic waaxalisebda bavSvebs,
gaaumjobesebda maT qarTuls. maswavlebelma klasSi unda Seqmnas
usafrTxo garemo, sadac somex moswavleebs ar eqnebaT Secdomis
130
daSvebis SiSi. somxurenovani moswavleebis CarTvis saSualebaa
agreTve TanamSromlobiTi (kooperaciuli) swavla. mcire jgufebSi
maTi monawileoba imgvarad, rom TiToeuls Tavisi wvlili Seetana
imiT, rac exerxeba (Tundac xatviT), xels Seuwyobda komunikacias,
sakuTari saWiroebis SegrZnebas, maT TviTdamkvidrebas. sasurveli
iqneboda, qarTvel da somex moswavleebs ganexorcielebinaT
erToblivi miniproeqti: `sityvaTa salaro”, romlis mizanic
iqneboda somxursa da qarTulSi saerTo sityvebis Segroveba.
proeqts met efeqturobas SesZenda maTi mSoblebis CarTva,
romlebic daexmarebodnen Svilebs mis ganxorcielebaSi. aseve
sasurveli iqneboda, maswavlebels qarTveli da somexi mSoblebis
daaxloebis mizniT moewvia mSobelTa kreba da problema maTTan
erTad ganexila. savaraudod, orive mxare gamoTqvamda problemis
gadaWris survils, radgan amaSi isini sakuTari interesebis srul
Tanxvedras dainaxavdnen.
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mxatvruli teqstis Cum da xmamaRla gamomsaxvelobiT kiTxvas;
teqstis gagebasa da moqmed pirTa xasiaTebis gamokveTas;
dialogis interpretaciasa da gadacemas msmenelebisaTvis;
gagebisa da analizis sqemis Sevsebas igavis ZiriTad problemasa
da dedaazrze.
aqtivobebi:
wakiTxvamde
kiTxvis Semdeg
132
4) imis dasadgenad, Tu ramdenad kargad gaiges teqsti,
maswavlebeli svams kiTxvebs:
waikiTxeT sityvebi, romlebiTac mwerali axasiaTebs mefes.
ra daubara mamam Svils?
axalgazrda mefis ra saqcieli ukvirda xalxs?
ratom iqceoda ase axalgazrda mefe?
5) maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs davalebas, kidev erTxel
gadaikiTxon teqsti da dainawilon igi rolebad (mTxrobeli,
mefe, Svili, is, vinc mefes Svilis ucnauri saqcielis Sesaxeb
uTxra). monawileebi sakuTar rolebs moniSnaven markerebiT.
6) moswavleebi msjeloben imaze, Tu rogor imetyveleben igavis
personaJebi, rogori Jestebi da mimikebi SeiZleba hqondeT.
(meToduri komentari.: moswavleebs imdenjer waakiTxeT
scenari, ramdenjerac saWiro iqneba imisaTvis, rom
darwmundnen sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi; darwmundnen imaSi,
rom SeuZliaT rolTan Segueba, morgeba da Tavisuflad
kiTxva);
Sefaseba
8) moswavleebi winaswar Seqmnili kriteriumebis mixedviT afaseben
Tanatolebs. 10 qula skalaze umaRles niSans warmoadgens. yvela
133
grafaSi SemoxazeT qula da Tqvens gadawyvetilebas mokle
SeniSvnebi gaukeTeT.
134
(meToduri komentari: sqema ivseba mcire jgufebSi. maswavlebeli
adevnebs Tvals imas, rom jgufebSi Sedges TanamSromloba da
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi exmareba maT).
situacia 2
batoni daviTi erT-erTi skolis qarTuli enis maswavlebelia.
Uukve seqtembris Sua ricxvebia da igi emzadeba axali saswavlo
wlis dasawyebad. man, upirveles yovlisa, izruna klasis
mosawyobad. klasis mowyobisas misi mTavari mizani iyo saklaso
oTaxi moewyo moswavleTa aqtiuri muSaobisTvis da ara pasiuri
smenisTvis. man skolis direqcias sTxova iseTi wignebis Taroebis
SeZena, romelTa gadaadgileba Zalian advilad iqneboda
SesaZlebeli, individualur skamebs arCia ramdenime mrgvali magida
moZravi individualuri patara skamebiT da SeiZina araerTi
TvalsaCinoeba da saswavlo nivTi, Tumca SerCevis mTavari principi
am nivTebis advilad gadaadgilebadoba iyo. radgan baton daviTis
skola kulturuli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva da klasSi
sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebi iqnebian, batonma
daviTma iyida qarTuli, afxazuri, rusuli, inglisuri, somxuri,
azerbaijanuli da osuri anbani da gamoakra kedelze. garda amisa,
batonma daviTma gamoakra wina wlis klasis moswavleTa suraTebi,
romelic gamoxatavda moswavleTa CarTulobas sxvadasxva
aqtivobebSi, garda amisa, gamoakra enaTa xe, romelic aCvenebda
msoflios ZiriTadi enebis fesvebs.
Qbatoni daviTi wels axal klasSi Sedis. man specialurad
aarCia mravalferovani klasi, sadac 24 moswavle iqneba.
moswavleebi gansxvavdebian rogorc eTnikuri warmomavlobiT,
agreTve gansxvavebuli mSobliuri ena aqvT, maTi socialuri
mdgomareobac gansxvavebulia da, amasTanave, maTi akademiuri
moswrebac wina wlebSi Zalian gansxvavebuli iyo. saswavlo wlis
135
dawyebamde batonma daviTma kargad Seiswavla TiToeuli moswavlis
saskolo istoria. amasTanave, man aRmoaCina, rom mis klasSi
iqneboda SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone moswavlec. baton daviTs
kargad esmoda, rom moswavleTa gansxvavebuloba niSnavda maT
gansxvavebul swavlis stilsa da gansxvavebul interesebs.
Sesabamisad, mas unda daekmayofilebina yvela moswavlis stili da
interesi, rac aSkarad gamowveva iyo misi profesiuli
saqmianobisTvis da amitomac arCia am klasSi Sesvla.
137
momdevno gakveTili mTlianad klasis gazeTis Seqmnas daeTmo.
moswavleebi akeTebdnen klasis gazeTis dizains da akravdnen
gadaRebul suraTebs da werdnen moswavleze informaciebs masSi.
mTeli es gakveTili am aqtivobas daeTmo. Ggarda amisa, maswavle-
belma sTxova moswavleebs raime iseTi igav-araki gaexsenebinaT, ro-
melic ganTavsdeboda gazeTis SuagulSi da yvelaze metad asaxavda
sagans da klasSi arsebul situacias. moswavlebma Semdegi igav-
araki gaixsenes da Caweres gazeTis SuagulSi:
igav-araki
138
garda imisa, rom damjdariyo im patara naxvretTan da dalodeboda,
Tu rodis gamoZvreboda Tagvi. ucabedad, Tagvs moesma ZaRlis xma
da ifiqra, rom Tu ZaRli iyo saxlSi, kata gaiqceoda da aRar
daiwyebda xvrelTan lodins. Sesabamisad, Tagvi gamoZvra xvrelidan
da moulodnelad Tavi amoyo katis klanWebSi. `ki magram, ZaRli sad
aris? - ikiTxa akankalebulma Tagvma. `araviTari ZaRli ar aris, es
me viyavi, ZaRlis yefis imitacia gavakeTe, rom Sen daimedebuli
xvrelidan gamomZvraliyavi”- gadaixarxara gamarjvebulma katam da
cota xnis Semdeg daamata `Cemo kargo, Tu sul mcire or enas ar
laparakob, veranair warmatebas ver miaRwev dRevandel dRes.
(Tidti, 1995, gv. 168).
SabaT-kviras batonma daviTma Caxeda moswavleTa istoriebs
Tavidan, naxa im gakveTilis Canawerebi, sadac moswavleebs hqondaT
sakuTari saxelebis Sesaxeb interviuebi, agreTve naxa im gakveTilis
Canawerebi, sadac moswavleebi sakuTari enis codnis Sesaxeb
saubrobdnen. am sam wyaroze dayrdnobiT batonma daviTma Seadgina
klasis lingvisturi repertuaris sqema.
139
man uambo moswavleebs istoria sakuTari ojaxis Sesaxeb, romelic
iZulebuli iyo, 1921 wels saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargvis
Semdeg gadasaxlebuliyo safrangeTSi da iq gaegrZelebina
cxovreba. mowveulma stumarma gaacno bavSvebs maTi ojaxis fran-
guli cxovrebis detalebi, mouyva, rogor gaxda saqarTvelodan
devnili misi babua sorbonis universitetis profesori, Tu ras
moRvaweobdnen mamamisi da TviTon safrangeTSi da ra siZneleebTan
iyo dakavSirebuli maTi frangul sazogadoebaSi integrireba. Dde-
talurad isaubra, ratom gadawyvites 1991 wels damoukideblobis
mopovebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi mTeli ojaxiT dabruneba. Mmow-
veuli stumris monaTxrobma gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba
moaxdina bavSvebze.
situaciis analizi
am situaciidan Cans ramdenime strategia, rac batonma daviTma
gamoiyena, rom Seeqmna jansaRi saswavlo garemo, gacnoboda
moswavleebs da moswavleebi gacnobodnen erTmaneTs da Sesabamisad
aego TiToeul moswavlesTan Semdgomi muSaoba. kerZod:
1) maswavlebelma moawyo saklaso oTaxi ise, rom SesaZle-
bloba yofiliyo saklaso oTaxSi mravali moZravi da
dinamiuri aqtivobis ganxorcieleba:
2) maswavlebelma ori kviris ganmavlobaSi misca moswav-
leebs da sakuTar Tavs saSualeba, gaecnoT erTmaneTi
saxelebis interviuebis CatarebiT, klasis gazeTis Seqm-
nis da ojaxebisa da gvarebis Sesaxeb ambebis gadmocemis
gziT. TiToeuli es aqtivoba zrdis moswavleTa Soris
erTmaneTis msgavsebis da sxvaobebis gaazrebis unars;
3) maswavlebelma Seityo sakuTari moswavleebis Sesaxeb
jer saskolo istoriis gacnobis da Semdgom klasis
lingvisturi fonis sqemis Sedgenis safuZvelze;
4) maswavlebelma CarTo saswavlo procesSi mSoblebi da
ojaxis wevrebi, erTi mxriv, rogorc moswavleTa damx-
140
mareebi sakuTari saxelis, gvaris da istoriis
dasamuSaveblad da, meore mxriv, rogorc mowveuli
stumrebi;
5) maswavlebelma daamkvidra demokratiuli da TanamSrom-
lobiTi gamocdileba, radgan xeli Seuwyo moswavleTa
ideas, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi yvela moswavlis
monawileobiT Seqmniliyo `nasesxebi sityvebis
leqsikoni”;
6) maswavlebelma Seqmna enaTa xe, daiwyes muSaoba nasesxebi
sityvebis leqsikonze, riTac daamkvidra tendencia, rom
klasSi arsebuli lingvisturi mravalferovneba aris
resursi da ara Semaferxebeli faqtori qarTuli enis
swavlebis procesSi;
7) maswavlebelma yvela zemoCamoTvlili aqtivoba amave
dros gamoiyena qarTul enaSi moswavleTa kompetenciis
gasazrdelad.
rogorc xedavT, maswavlebels mouwia araerTi mniSvnelovani
strategiis gamoyeneba saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi, Tumca mas mou-
wevs iyos ufro SemoqmedebiTi da gamoiyenos uamravi strategia,
raTa sakuTari klasis lingvisturi da eTnikuri mravalferovneba
aqcios resursad swavlebis procesSi. Aam rTuli miznis misaRwevad
mniSvnelovania interkulturuli midgoma swavlebis procesSi
situacia 3
aqve SemogTavazebT dawyebiTi maswavleblis qalbatoni ele-
nes monaTxrobs, romelic exeba interkulturuli ganaTlebis
miseul interpretacias da Sesabamis saswavlo strategias. ` ar
vici, es is aris Tu ara, rasac Tqven eZaxiT interkulturul ga-
naTlebas, magram me 32 wlis muSaobis gamocdileba maqvs da
namdvilad viyeneb swor meTodebsa da midgomebs. erT konkretul
bolo situacias gavixseneb. pirvel klasSi Zalian mniSvnelovania
moswavleTaTvis asoebis da ricxvebis weris swavleba. Mme myavda
141
moswavle armeni, romelic eTnikurad somexi iyo da gamarTulad
laparakobda somxurad, magram qarTulad erT winadadebasac ver
abamda, rac Zalian maSfoTebda. erT dResac SevamCnie, rom armeni
qarTuli anbanis yvela asos sworad da gamarTulad warmoTqvamda
ara marto TanmimdevrobiT, aramed areulad SekiTxvebis dasmis
drosac. analogiurad, 1-dan 10-mde yvela cifrs sworad da gamar-
Tulad warmoTqvamda. Mme vicodi, rom
armenma icoda asoebi da ricxvebi, imitom,
rom roca vvarjiSobdiT klasSi, is
yovelTvis sworad warmoTqvamda maT,
oRond somxur enaze, magram somxuri
mas ar sWirdeba, mas qarTulad unda
SeZleboda amis gakeTeba.
amJamad man ukve icis asoebi da
cifrebi qarTulad, magram roca
Tavisi saxelis daweras vTxov,
yovelTvis uWirs asoebis dawera,
xan araswori mimarTulebiT wers,
xan imdenad maxinjad wers, rom 3 wlis bavSvis naweri gegonebaT.
mas sakmaod mouxeSavad uWiravs fanqari da kalami, ramdenadac
gamigia, misi ojaxi dabal socialur fenas miekuTvneba da albaT
ar aqvT SesaZlebloba, rom savarjiSo patara dafa SeuZinon da
saxlSi avarjiSon fanqriTa da pastiT weraSi. Sesabamisad, misi
ojaxuri mdgomareobis gamo es saswavlo nivTebi xelmiuwvdomelia
misTvis, rac gaxda misi dagvianebuli ganviTarebis mizezi. piaJes
Teoriidan me vici, ramdenad mniSvnelovania samanipulacio saSu-
alebebis gamoyeneba moswavlis ganviTarebisTvis. Sesabamisad, ga-
vaanalize, rom saWiro iyo misi Tvalisa da xelis koordinaciis
gaumjobeseba, amitom davavale Cven skolaSi praqtikaze myof stu-
dents, damoukideblad emuSava armenTan da is klasisgan damoukide-
blad swavlobda weras. dRes armens aqvs Zalian kargi naweri qar-
Tulad, rac ueWvelad Cemi swori midgomis Sedegad moxda.
142
armenis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb qalbatoni elenes dakvirveba da
interpretacia efuZneba bavSvis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb SezRudul
codnas da mis monolingvur kulturas. piaJes Teoriis SezRudulma
codnam da arasworma interpretaciam gadaawyvetina qalbaton ele-
nes, rom armens dagvianebuli ganviTarebis niSnebi axasiaTebda. misi
azriT, imis gamo, rom armeni dabali socialuri fenis ojaxidanaa
(sinamdvileSi qalbatonma elenem ar icis realurad armenis ojaxis
mdgomareoba, mas mxolod gaugia amis Sesaxeb) is miiCnevs, rom sas-
wavlo masalebis ararsebobis gamo armens Tvalisa da xelis koor-
dinaciis unari ar gaaCnia. ufro metic, man sakuTari monolingvuri
dominanti kulturidan gamomdinare, armenis bilingvuri unarebi (is
laparakobda somxurad da eufleboda qarTuls) Seafasa, rogorc
nakli da ara rogorc resursi armenis ganviTarebisTvis. Sesa-
bamisad, qalbatonma elenem moaxdina moswavlis izolacia, rac, ra
Tqma unda, armenis fsiqologiur da inteleqtualur ganviTarebaze
uaryofiTad imoqmedebda, imisda miuxedavad, rom armenma iswavla
qarTuli asoebis lamazad wera.
143
religiuri pluralizmi sekularul klasSi
144
@# dasaxeleba ricxvi
mosaxleobis %
1 . somxuri samociqulo eklesia 200 000 4.0
2. kaTolike 50 000 1
3. luTerani 700 0,01
4. baptisti 6000 0,1
5. ormocdaaTianeli 5000 0,1
6. duxobori 1500 0,03
7. malakani 2000 0,04
8. me-7 dRis adventisti 400 0,0
9. iehovas mowme 15 000 0,3
10. xsnis armia 800 0,02
11. axalsamociqulo eklesia 700 0,01
12. sxvadasxva dasaxelebis jgufebi maqs. 300 0,0
13. iudeveli 10 000 0,2
14. muslimani 500 000 11,2
15. iezidi 30 000 0,7
16. kriSnaiti 200 0,0
17. bahaiti 500 0,01
sul 823100
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli tolerantobis centri
145
rogorc pirvel TavSi ukve ganvixileT, saqarTvelos
kanonmdebloba da ganaTlebis politikis dokumentebi xels uwyobs
religiur mravalferovnebas da krZalavs religiur prozelitizmsa
da indoqtrinacias saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi.
gansxvavebuloba xSiri diskusiis sagania. gansakuTrebiT maSin,
roca saqme exeba religias da mis mimarTebas kulturasTan. im
gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiare damokidebulebidan gamomdinare,
romelic adamianebs religiis mimarT aqvT, aucilebelia, rom
interkulturuli ganaTleba myarad daefuZnos eTikis principebs.
religiasa da ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania
gaimijnos ori gansxvavebuli sakiTxi: (1) religiis swavleba; (2)
sxvadasxva religiuri warmomavlobis moswavleebis saswavlo
procesSi integrireba gakveTilze mravalmxrivi xedvebisa da
transformaciuli kurikulumis ganxorcielebis gziT.
religiis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva mosazrebebi
dominirebda. arsebobda mosazrebebi, rom sekularul saxelmwifoSi
religiis, religiis istoriis an religiuri ganaTleba
aramizanSewonili iyo. miuxedavad am mosazrebisa, ganmanaTlebelTa
umravlesobam uaryo aRniSnuli midgoma, radgan religiis mTlianad
amogdeba saganmanaTleblo sistemidan pozitiur Sedegs ver
moitanda, radgan, sul mcire, moswavle moklebuli iqneboda
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis ganmsazRvrel umniSvnelovanes
komponents, romlis gareSec am sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisTvis
srulyofilad momzadebulad ver CaiTvleboda..
meore sakiTxi, romelic mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos
konteqstSi gaxlavT gansxvavebuli religiis mqone moswavleTa
srulfasovani integrireba swavlebis procesSi da moswavleebSi
mravalmxrivi da kritikuli azrovnebis gamomuSaveba
transformaciuli midgomis meSveobiT. religia gaxlavT
kulturuli identobis formirebis mniSvnelovani wyaro.
Sesabamisad, TiToeul moswavles sakuTari rwmena da
146
Rirebulebebis sistema Tan mihyvebaT skolebSi. amdenad, skolebSi
religiuri Sexedulebebi uTuod gamovlindeba sxvadasxva formiT
(religiuri simboloebis tareba da religiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
ritualebis Sesrulebis moTxovna da a.S.)
skolebi, upirveles yovlisa, iqiT unda iyos mimarTuli, rom
gamoiyenos interkulturuli ganaTleba yovelgvari diskriminaciis,
qsenofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis iaraRad da gamoumuSaos mos-
wavleebs tolerantobis, sxvaobaTa mimReblobisa da Tanasworobis
principebi. maswavlebelma didi yuradReba unda miaqcios klasSi
religiuri mravalferovnebis marTvas, aRmofxvras moswavleebis
mier religiuri gansxvavebulobis abuCad agdebis faqtebi,
uzrunvelyos pozitiuri interaqcia moswavleebs Soris da
Seasrulos saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli moTxovnebi
religiur mravalferovnebasTan dakavSirebiT.
qvemoT warmogidgenT religiurad mravalferovan skolasa da
klasTan dakavSirebul kritikul situaciebs.
situacia
moswavle gviambobs: `vswavlob erT-erTi sajaro skolis meSvide
klasSi (skolas Segnebulad ar vasaxeleb). klasis umravlesobas
qristiani bavSvebi Seadgenen. xuTi mahmadiani varT, oric -
iudevelia. Cvenma damrigebelma gadawyvita saSobao RonisZieba
moewyo. RonisZieba maswavleblis scenaris mixedviT amgvarad
mTavrdeboda: yvela moswavles xelSi anTebuli sanTlebiT locva
unda eTqva.
147
amis Sesaxeb saxlSi vTqvi. mSoblebs Sevatyve, ar esiamovnaT.
meore dRes deda maswavlebelTan misula da sayveduri uTqvams,
ratom aZaleb bavSvebs, romlebic qristianebi ar arian, locva
Tqvano. gabrazebulma maswavlebelma gadawyvita, rom Cven am
RonisZiebaSi monawileoba ar migveRo. ar vici, sxvebma rogor,
magram me Tavi gariyulad vigrZeni. mayureblad yofnis survilic ar
mqonda. im dRes skolaSi saerTod ar mivsulvar...~
situaciis analizi:
148
uTxra, imis magivrad, rom emsjela masTan erTad situaciidan
gamosavlis moZebnaze, man miiRo gadawyvetileba, am moswavleebs ar
mieRoT monawileoba RonisZiebaSi. maswavleblis qmedebam xeli
Seuwyo imas, rom Tanaklaselebs es bavSvebi aReqvaT rogorc maTgan
gansxvavebuli. moswavleTa gamijvniT, RonisZiebidan maTi
gamoTiSviT maswavlebeli faqtobrivad ayalibebs mcirewlovan
bavSvebSi `Tavisianisa~ da `ucxos~ gancdas, romelic
xelisSemSlel faqtorad SeiZleba iqces moswavleebSi samoqalaqo
RirebulebaTa, upirveles yovlisa, tolerantobis Camoyalibebisas.
maswavlebeli valdebulia gamoiCinos Tanabari yuradReba yvela
moswavlis mimarT, ganurCevlad maTi socialuri, eTnikuri Tu
religiuri kuTvnilebisa. aRweril situaciaSi ki, imis gamo, rom
sxva aRmsareblobis arian, bavSvebi gamoeTiSnen saerTo saklaso
RonisZiebas. es erTgvari diskriminaciaa.
maswavlebeli, SeiZleba gaucnobiereblad, magram uneburad
laxavs moswavleTa im uflebas, romelic garantirebulia
saerTaSoriso samarTliT: `monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen
bavSvis uflebas azris, sindisis da sarwmunoebis Tavisuflebaze~
(bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, muxli 14). Mmaswavlebeli aseve ar
iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos kanonis zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb
moTxovnas: `dauSvebelia moswavles, mSobelsa da maswavlebels
daekisroT iseTi valdebulebebis Sesruleba, romlebic Zireulad
ewinaaRmdegeba maT rwmenas, aRmsareblobas an sindiss, Tu es ar
laxavs sxvaTa uflebebs, an xels ar SeuSlis erovnuli saswavlo
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli miRwevis donis daZlevas~ (muxli 18. 2.).
cxadia, es ar niSnavs imas, rom maswavlebels uari unda eTqva
saSobao RonisZiebaze. amiT maSin sxva, marTlmadidebel moswavleTa
uflebebi Seilaxeboda. RonisZiebaze locvis rituali rom ar
Sesrulebuliyo, SesaZloa, masSi sxva konfesiebis moswavleTa
monawileobas mSoblebi ar gaeRizianebina.
zogadad, maswavlebelma Tavad unda misces moswavleebs
Semwynareblobis magaliTi. es ki misgan moiTxovs Semdegs:
149
miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven sakuTari Rirebulebebi da Sexedulebebi
gvaqvs, unda miviRoT is faqtic, rom sxvebisaTvis sxva
Rirebulebebi da principebia WeSmariti. bavSvebs Tan mohyvebaT
skolaSi TavianTi rwmena, Rirebulebebi da isini ar unda CavayenoT
iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom mouwoT uaris Tqma sakuTar identobaze
sociumSi Tavis dasamkvidreblad.
ra SeiZleba gakeTdes klasSi, sadac sxva aRmsareblobis
moswavleebi arian?
gTavazobT erTi RonisZiebis nimuSs, romelic kontribuciuli
midgomis magaliTia.
sanam RonisZieba daigegmeba, maswavlebeli klasSi atarebs TamaSs:
`ocnebis qalaqi~
150
amis Semdeg TiTo monawile TiTo jgufidan qmnis axal jgufs,
sadac yvela feris warmomadgeneli moxvdeba, Sesabamisad, jgufs
eqneba yvela feris flomasteri.
axal jgufebs eZlevaT davaleba, daxaton isev feradi ocnebis
qalaqi. jgufebi akraven TavianT namuSevrebs mopirdapire kedelze.
moswavleebi adareben erTfer da ferad naxatebs erTmaneTs.
TamaSis ganxilva
moswavleebs eZlevaT SekiTxvebi:
grZnobdnen Tu ara raime uxerxulobas pirveli naxatis Sesrulebis
dros? romeli naxati gamouvidaT ukeTesi da ratom?
dagegmva da aqtivobebi:
_ moswavleebi amzadeben prezentaciebs sami msoflio religiis _
qristianobis, mahmadianobisa da iudaizmis _ Sesaxeb. ganixilaven
TiToeulis Sesabamis tradiciebsa da adaT-wesebs. ecnobian
151
religiur dResaswaulebs _ qristianul Sobas, ebrauli xanukas,
mahmadianur ramadans. agroveben fotoebs, slaidebs / amzadeben
saprezentacio programas (PowerPoint).
_ pouloben msgavsebebs ZiriTad religiur postulatebs Soris.
aqcenti keTdeba siyvarulsa da gulmowyalebaze. imaze, ra aris
naTqvami iesos (mesiis) dabadebis Sesaxeb Zvel aRTqmaSi, saxarebasa
da yuranSi.
_ amzadeben SekiTxvebs prezentatorebisaTvis.
_ TiToeuli maswavlebelTan konsultaciis safuZvelze arCevs, ra
unda waikiTxos, imReros an gaakeTos saSobao saRamoze (sasurvelia
mSoblebTan dakavSireba da maTTvis TanamSromlobis SeTavazeba).
_ erToblivad qmnian saSobao saRamos scenars.
_ amzadeben scenas, qmnian dekoraciebs.
saSobao saRamo ori ganyofilebisagan Sedgeba. pirvel
ganyofilebaSi moswavleebi warmoadgenen winaswar damuSavebul
sakiTxebs da moZiebul masalas, meore ganyofileba ki ufro
SemoqmedebiTi xasiaTisaa.
RonisZiebis analizi
interkulturuli ganaTlebis mizania ara marto sazogadoebaSi
arsebuli gansxvavebuli msoflmxedvelobebis Sesaxeb codnis
micema, ara mxolod moswavleTa SemecnebiTi ganviTareba am kuTxiT,
aramed momzadeba cxovrebisaTvis, moqalaqeebad Camoyalibeba, raTa
srulfasovani monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi.
amisaTvis saWiroa Semwynareblobis, gansxvavebulis mimarT
pativiscemis unarisa da sazogadoebisadmi mikuTvnebulobis
grZnobis ganviTareba. TiToeul Cvengans sakuTari Rirebulebebi da
Sexedulebebi migvaCnia WeSmaritad da upiratesad, magram unda
152
gavacnobieroT, rom sxvebisTvis sxva Rirebulebebi da
Sexedulebebia WeSmariti.
urTierTgageba da gansxvavebulis mimRebloba iwyeba mis Sesaxeb
informaciis miRebiT, masTan TanamSromlobiTa da TanamSromlobis
procesSi misi mniSvnelovnebis aRiarebiT.
moswavleTa prezentaciebma swored informaciis miwodebis misia
ikisra. msgavsebebis dadgenam Semxebi wertilebi moanaxvina
moswavleebs. es TanakveTa daaxloebis sawindari gaxda. erToblivad
saRamos scenaris Seqmnam, dekoraciebis momzadebam gaaerTiana
moswavleebi. arCevanis Tavisuflebam sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
gamovlenasa da TiToeulis mniSvnelovnebis gaazrebas Seuwyo xeli.
Seiqmna mravalferovnebiT Zlieri gundi, romelSic aravisTvis
iqneboda miuRebeli gansxvavebuli religiuri ritualis Sesruleba.
es am ritualis pativiscemaze iqneba damyarebuli. G
ganxiluli Sedegebis mixedviT gansxvaveba zemoT aRweril
situaciaSi warmodgenili RonisZiebisagan TvalsaCinoa.
153
socialuri klasisa da socialuri statusis gavlena
swavla-swavlebis procesze
154
9.imereTi 26,1 31,4 5,3 12,5 14,7 2,2
10.mcxeTa- 46,9 52,2 5,3 3,3 3,0 -0,3
mTianeTi
sul: 39,5 39,9 0,4 100 100 0
saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis saxelmwifo komisia (CEGSTAR), 2009
35%
30.71%
30%
25%
20%
15.44%
15% 12.23%11.91%
10% 8.15% 7.74% 7.07%
5% 2.72% 1.81% 1.72%
0.41% 0.09%
0%
situaciis analizi
is, rac moswavlis monaTxrobidan SevityveT, sxva araferia, Tu
ara socialuri diskriminacia. SeiZleba aseTi Sefaseba Zalian
mwvaved moCandes, magram Tu gavixsenebT am terminis sityvasityviT
mniSvnelobas, cxadi xdeba, rom bavSvis gaucxoebis mizezi swored
socialuri gansxvavebaa.
diskriminaciis safuZvelia rwmena, rom Cvengan gansxvavebuli
Cvenze raRaciT uaresia. `elitarul~ ubansa da `elitarul~
skolaSi moxvedrili bavSvi, romlis ojaxic qalaqSi materialurma
siduxWirem Camoiyvana, Tavs gariyulad da daCagrulad grZnobs
imitom, rom Tavisi CacmulobiTa da kiloTi Tanaklaselebis
dacinvis obieqti xdeba. socialuri gansxvaveba bavSvSi umZimes
gancdebs iwvevs: gariyulobas, daTrgunulobas, dabal
TviTSefasebas, SesaZleblobebis daqveiTebas, SiSs, Seuracxyofis
grZnobas. misi monaTxrobidan Cans, rom raionSi, sadac is
cxovrobda, saukeTeso moswavle iyo. igi miCveuli iyo pirvelobas.
axal klasSi ki, man araTu ver moipova iseTive aRiareba,
157
agrZnobines, rom is Tavisi socialuri mdgomareobis gamo sxvebze
naklebia. bavSvisaTvis swavlis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi motivia
garSemomyofebis aRiareba. rogorc Cans, am bavSvis emociur
mdgomareobas amis deficitic gansazRvravs. yvelaze damafiqrebeli
is aris, rom maswavleblebi klasSi ver qmnian usafrTxo garemos,
romelSic gansxvavebebi ganixileba diskriminaciis gareSe. maT ver
monaxes iseTi xerxebi, romlebic axalgadmosul moswavlesa da mis
danarCen Tanaklaselebs Soris pozitiuri urTierTobebis
Camoyalibebas Seuwyobda xels. maswavleblis profesiuli
standartis mixedviT, pedagogma `icis, rogor Camoayalibos
moswavleebs Soris pozitiuri urTierTobebi (7. 5.), rasac,
samwuxarod, ver axerxebs situaciaSi aRwerili maswavlebeli.
ra SeiZleboda gakeTebuliyo skolaSi iseTi, rom
moswavlisaTvis amgvari problemebi agvecilebina?
maswavleblebs hmarTebdaT, ufro meti yuradReba gamoeCinaT
axalი moswavlis mimarT.
sasurvelia, skolas axali moswavlis ucxo garemosTan
integraciisaTvis hqonoda erTgvari rituali, daxvedris
ceremoniali. rodesac klasSi axali moswavle gadmodis,
rekomendebulia, rom maswavlebelma moawyos `bavSvis miReba~,
warudginos, gaacnos igi klass, auxsnas sxvebs, rom is xdeba
erT-erTi maTgani da aqcenti gaakeTos mis Rirsebebze (miT
umetes, amis saSualeba mas hqonda, bavSvi raionis skolaSi
erT-erTi saukeTeso moswavle iyo);
aseTi moswavlis CarTvis kargi saSualebaa TanamSromlobiTi
swavla. maswavlebels unda CaerTo is jgufur samuSaoebSi da
mieca misTvis SesaZlebloba, saukeTeso kuTxiT gamoevlina
Tavi;
karg Sedegs moitanda misi Seqeba-waxalisebac;
msgavs situaciebSi pedagogebma (da/an skolis fsiqologma, Tu
amis saWiroeba Seiqmneba) unda imuSaon klasis moswavleebTan
158
tolerantobis grZnobis gasaRviveblad, auxsnan maT, rom
adamianebi bevri ramiT hgvanan da bevri ramiT gansxvavdebian
erTmaneTisagan, rom Rirseba, materialuriT ki ara, sulieri
RirebulebebiT izomeba. swored skolam unda izrunos imaze,
rom moswavleebs maTgan met-naklebad gansxvavebuli
adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT Tanatolebis miReba da
pativiscema aswavlos.
gTavazobT saswavlo proeqts, romelic, Cveni azriT, kargi
saSualeba iqneba moswavleebSi WeSmariti sulieri Rirebulebebis
Camosayalibeblad da imis xelSesawyobad, rom maT tolerantuli
damokidebuleba gamoumuSavdeT socialurad gansxvavebuli
Tanatolis mimarT.
saswavlo mizani:
moswavleebi SeZleben:
_ gaaanalizon cxovrebiseuli situaciebi da imsjelon maTSi
socialuri diskriminaciis niSnebze;
_ imsjeleben adamianis Rirsebis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebze;
_ Seafaseben da gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas situaciebSi
aRwerili faqtebis mimarT.
swavlis strategiebi
moswavleebi muSaoben mcire jgufebSi oTx sxvadasxva situaciaze
da ganixilaven maT.
159
aqtivoba 2.
jgufebi aTamaSeben rolebSi situacias da Semdeg msjeloben,
rogor grZnobdnen Tavs ama Tu im personaJis rolSi, ras
grZnobdnen, ras fiqrobdnen. dro _ 40 wT.
aqtivoba 3.
jgufebs eZlevaT davaleba, gaixsenon realobidan situacia,
romelic maT miaCniaT socialuri diskriminaciis magaliTad. 15 wT.
aqtivoba 4.
`sinanulis wuTi~. TiToeulma unda gaixsenos sakuTari qceva,
romelsac isini Tvlian sxvisadmi upativcemulobis gamoxatulebad.
situaciebi
situacia 1.
Tina maswavlebeli martoxelaa. sakuTari bina ara aqvs.
naqiravebSi cxovrobs. xelfasi Tvidan Tvemde Zlivs hyofnis, amitom
garderobis gaaxleba uWirs da erTi da igive tansacmeli
xangrZlivad acvia. erTxel likam, romelic mdidari ojaxis Svilia,
TanaklaselebTan Tina maswavlebels Cacmulobis gamo dascina,
skamze rom jdeba, meSinia is ZvelTaZveli bolokaba ar
gadauskdeso. aman darejani gaaRiziana da likas pirdapir miaxala:
`viqtoria sekretis maisuri rom gacvia, Tavi Tina maswavlebelze
magari ggonia? Tavmoyvareoba Tu gaqvs, girCevnia, erTi-ori wigni
waikiTxo.”
SeafaseT: lika _ . . . . qula; darejani _ . . . . qula.
situacia 2.
gigas ojaxi xelmokled, magram siamtkbilobiT cxovrobs.
TxuTmeti wlis rom Sesrulda, ojaxma gaiWirva da dabadebis dRe
gadauxada. gigam Tanaklaselebi dapatiJa. bavSvebma kargad
160
moilxines. gareT rom gamovidnen, daTom ironiuli toniT
warmoTqva: `axla SegviZlia vTqvaT, boselSic gviqeifiao.”
SeafaseT: giga _ . . . qula, daTo _ . . . qula.
situacia 3.
Tornike Zalian niWieri da bejiTi biWia, Zalian kargad
swavlobs, magram imis gamo, rom materialurad uWirs, TiTqos
daTrgunulia, ar cdilobs Tavi gamoiCinos, sakuTari
SesaZleblobebi da codna bolomde gamoavlinos. erTxel istoriis
axalma maswavlebelma, romelic ar icnobda Tornikes, uxeSad
mimarTa: `ra tomarasaviT zixar gakveTilze, gamofxizldi!~ Temurma,
romelic klasis `yoCia~ fizikuri siZlierisa da gambedaobis gamo,
maswavlebels xmamaRla uTxra: `magan rom icis, netav imdeni Tqven
icodeTo~.
SeafaseT: istoriis maswavlebeli _ . . . qula, Temuri _ . . . qula.
situacia 4.
merve klasma gadawyvita eqskursiaze wasvla kaxeTSi. moswav-
leebs 20-20 lari unda SeegrovebinaT. ninos Zalian undoda gremisa
da SuamTis naxva, magram ojaxs am Tanxis gadaxdis saSualeba ar
hqonda. amitom gogonam moimizeza, avtobusiT mgzavrobas ver vitan,
cudad vxdebio da eqskursiaSi monawileobaze uari Tqva. Tea mixvda,
rac iyo uaris Tqmis mizezi, magram mis nacvlad Tanxa rom daedo,
ninos uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caayenebda. amitom mamas sTxova, is da
nino manqaniT waeyvana kaxeTSi. avtobuss ukan gavyveTo. megobars ki
uTxra: ici, mec miWirs avtobusiT mgzavroba, amitom mamas mivyavar
Tavisi manqaniT da Senc iq Cajeqio. nino eqskursiiT Zalian kmayo-
fili darCa, Tea _ kidev ufro metad.
SeafaseT: nino _ . . . qula, Tea _ . . . qula.
161
TavSi gamoyenebuli literatura
162
Gurin, P., Dey, E., Hurtado, S., & Gurin, G. (2002). Diversity and higher educa-
tion: Theory and impact on educational outcomes. Harvard Educational
Review, 72(3), 330-366.
163
terminTa ganmarteba
164
mravalenovnebas, rogorc faseul resurss da warmoadgens
instruments mis misaRwevad. isini Seesabameba im mSobelTa
molodins, romlebic iRvwian imisTvis, rom mravalenovan garemoSi
mcxovrebi maTi Svilebi flobdnen ramdenime enas;
165
dakavSirebuli anTropologiur lingvistikasTan. igi Camoyalibda
aSS-Si XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze; mis saTaveebTan idgnen franc
boasi (Franz Boas), eduard sepiri (Eduard Sapir) da sxvebi.
166
identobis ena – enis saxesxvaoba, romelzec SesaZloa
laparakobdnen Tavisuflad, iSviaTad an Tundac arasdros, magram
romelic funqcionirebs rogorc mikuTvnebis dasadgeni saSualeba
(simboluri, emociuri) xalxis mocemul sazogadoebaSi an jgufSi.
am saxesxvaobis Rirebuleba xSirad xalxs xSirad umcirebs sxva
enebis Rirebulebas maT repertuarSi.
167
saxesxvaobis daufleba, romelic gamoiyeneba maspinZel qveyanaSi
(damatebiTi bilingvizmi), ar gamoiwvevs pirveli enis dakargvas.
instruqciis ena, SesaZloa, sxva oficialuri saxesxvaoba iyos
federalur saxelmwifoebSi an realurad ucxo saxesxvaoba. am
SemTxvevebSi orive ena xelmisawvdomia skolebisaTvis, profesiuli
da sauniversiteto ganaTlebisaTvis.
168
rogorc molaparakis mier enis srulfasovani codna, da Sesruleba
(performance), enis gamoyeneba. 1967 wlidan d. haimzma (D. Hymes) enis
floba gulisxmobs ara marto misi gramatikisa da leqsikis codnas,
aramed sakmaod naTel warmodgenasac imis Sesaxeb, Tu romel
sametyvelo situaciaSi unda gamoviyenoT esa Tu is sityva da
gramatikuli konstruqcia; aRniSnulis safuZvelze man gamoyo
sakomunikacio anu sociolingvisturi (S. Ervin-Tripp) kompetenciis
cneba, romelic sakuTriv lingvisturi kompetenciis garda enis
socialurad da situaciurad markirebul garemoSi saTanado
gamoyenebis wesebis codnasac gulisxmobs. sakomunikacio
kompetenciis cneba faqtobrivad kompetencia-performansis
diqotomiis neitralizaciis mizniT Seiqmna.
169
floba (sxvadasxva mecnierebis enobrivi aparatis floba da
simboloebiT operireba).
170
sazogadoebebis saziaro ena; (2) adre arsebuli enis saxesxvaoba,
romelic gamoiyeneba rogorc urTierTobis ena sxvadasxva
molaparakeebsa da sxva saxesxvaobebs Soris, romlebic swavloben
da iyeneben mas, rogorc saerTo enas; saSuamavlo ena, romelic
damxmare saurTierTo saSualebad gamoiyeneba gansxvavebul enebze
molaparake adamianebis mier. igi SeiZlena iyos an hibriduli
xasiaTisa da nawilobriv ganviTarebuli (magaliTad, romelime
pijini) an esa Tu is erovnuli ena, romelic ar aris mSobliuri
komunikantebisaTvis. Tavdapirvelad l. f. (Lingua Franca [frankebis
ena]) (anu sabiri [<laT. sapere ‘gageba’]) ewodeboda erT, konkretul
enas, romelic SuasaukuneebSi xmelTaSua zRvis arealSi
gamoiyeneboda savaWro urTierTobebSi.
171
enobrivi repertuaris Sesaxeb informirebuloba, xazi gausvas mis
faseulobas da ganavrcos es repertuari ufro naklebad an ucnobi
enebis swavlebiT. mravalenovani ganaTleba agreTve cdilobs
aamaRlos lingvisturi mravalferovnebis socialuri da
kulturuli gageba, raTa uzrunvelyos lingvisturi keTili neba da
gamoimuSaos kulturaTaSorisi kompetencia (ix. agreTve
lingvisturi kompetencia). mravalenovnebisa da mravalenovani
ganaTlebis mizani ar aris enaTa didi speqtris erTdroulad
(sxvadasxva enis Sedarebis meTodiT an, SeZlebisdagvarad, mravali
enis) swavleba. mizani gansxvavebulia - mravalenovani kompetencia
da kulturaTSorisi ganaTleba gaiazrebodes, rogorc
Tanacxovrebis gza.
172
aris moZraoba kurikulumis transformaciisTvis; (g) es aris
procesi individis interkulturuli kompetenciis gasazrdelad; (d)
es aris brZola winare gansjisa da diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg.
173
pirveli ena – aris akademiuri termini, romelic gamoiyeneba
zogadad mSobliuri enis aRsaniSnad. es aris enobrivi saxesxvaoba
(saxesxvaobebi), romelic SeZenilia adreul bavSvobaSi, ori-sami
wlis asakamde. am saxesxvaobas gansakuTrebuli statusi aqvs
bavSvisaTvis, ramdenadac bavSvi misiT aRmoaCens samyaros adreuli
socializaciis farglebSi: lingvisturi urTierTqmedebani sxva
molaparakeebTan aucilebelia normaluri ganviTarebisaTvis. es
aris saxesxvaoba, romelSic adamianis enobrivi niWi pirvelad
gamovlindeba bunebriv enaze. es SesaZloa saxesxvaobac iyos,
romliTac bavSvi lingvisturi `wesebis~ gacnobierebasa da
SeTvisebas iwyebs mis uSualo garemoSi da, amave dros, iZens
komunikaciuri qcevis wesebs (magaliTad, vis, rogor da rodis unda
miesalmos?). mSobliuri ena aris yoveldRiurad gamosayenebeli
termini, romelsac, amis miuxedavad, aqvs emociuri qveteqsti,
magaliTad, ojaxi da warmoSoba, romlebic xSirad ar aris
pirveladi enobrivi termini. ufro metic, is yovelTvis koreqtuli
ar aris, radgan bavSvebi pirvel enas SeiZenen ara mxolod maTi
dedebisagan, aramed maT SeuZliaT SeiZinon ramdenime ena (ori an
meti) erTdroulad mravalenovan ojaxur garemoSi. mkvidri ena da
STamomavlobis ena xSirad gamoiyeneba am mniSvnelobiT, magram maT
msgavsi asociaciebi aqvT jgufTan, romelsac miiCneven, rom
miekuTvnebian. aRniSnuli iqneba, rom enobrivi saxesxvaoba,
romelSic SesaZloa ganisazRvros ama Tu im wevris mikuTvneba
jgufisadmi, aucilebeli araa pirveli enis povniereba, aramed,
SesaZloa, es iyos mogvianebiT SeZenili saxesxvaoba.
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SeuZliaT gamoiyenon nebismieri enobrivi saxesxvaoba. magram, xSir
SemTxvevaSi, oficialuri ena (enebi) aris (arian) mosaxleobis
ricxobrivad an socialurad mniSvnelovani nawilis mSobliuri ena,
Tumca, magaliTad, dasavleT evropuli qveynebis yofil koloniebSi
es roli SesaZloa iTamaSos enobrivma saxesxvaobam (rogorc wesi,
kolonizatoris ena), romelic ar aris arc erTi jgufis
mSobliuri ena. erovnul saxelmwifoebSi (miuxedavad imisa, arian
Tu ara federaluri mowyobisa), oficialuri ena SesaZloa
identurobis anu erovnul sazogadoebasTan gawevrianebis faqtori
gaxdes,. saxelmwifo ena yovelTvis ar emTxveva moqalaqeobas (Tu
inglisurad laparakobT, ar niSnavs, rom xarT avstraliis
moqalaqe; frangulad da flamandiurad molaparake belgielebi
erTi da imave saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi arian), Tundac rom
oficialuri saxesxvaobis codna zogadad iyos mosalodneli an
savaldebulo maTTvis, vinc iTxovs moqalaqeobas. amis gamo, termini
saxelmwifo ena, aris ufro emociurad datvirTuli, vidre
oficialuri ena.
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pirveladi socializacia gulisxmobs patara bavSvebis aRzrdas
ojaxis an nebismieri momvlelis mier; 2) meoradi socializacia,
romelic moicavs procesSi iseTi agentebis CarTvas rogoricaa
skola, samezoblo, TanatolTa wre, televizia, eklesia da a.S. 3)
zrdasrulTa socializacia.
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SemTxvevaSi stereotips aqvs uaryofiTi datvirTva jgufis
daxasiaTebis da/an kategorizaciisas. Aam kategorizirebuli jgufis
TiToeul wevrze avtomaturad vrceldeba am jgufisaTvis
mikuTvnebuli uaryofiTi stereotipi.
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faruli kurikulumi – faruli kurikulumi ar aris formaluri
kurikulumis nawili, Tumca moicavs yvela faqtors, rac gavlenas
axdens swavlaze, maT Soris zogjer gauazrebeli da SemTxveviTi
faqtorebic ki.
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ganwyoba SeiZleba igrZnobodes an iyos gamoxatuli. aRniSnuli
antipatiuri ganwyoba mimarTulia garkveuli jgufis an am jgufis
romelime wevris mimarT.”
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