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6 Seminar
6 Seminar
6 Seminar
6. seminar
studeni 09 1
KVANTITATIVNI SASTAV OTOPINA
koncentracija – veličina koja određuje sastav smjese (plinovite, tekuće, čvrste)
otopina – homogena g smjesa
j – otapalo + otopljenaj tvar
koncentracija
k t ij nB
cB cB = mol m-3
otopljenih tvari V
mB
masena koncentracija γB γB = kg m-3
V
nB
molalitet bB bB = mol kg-1
mA
nB
količinski udio xB xB = 1
∑ ni
mB
maseni udio wB wB = 1
∑ mi
VB
volumni udio φB ϕB = 1
∑Vi
V = 250 cm 3 = 0,25
0 25 dm 3
c = 2 mol dm -3
M (Na 2 CO 3 ) = 106 g mol -1
m (Na 2 CO 3 ) = ?
m 100 g
n ( Na 2 CO 3 ) M 106 g mol −1
c ( Na 2 CO 3 ) = = = 3
=
V V 1 dm
0,9432 mol −3
= = 0 , 9432 mol dm
1 dm 3
c( Na2CO3 ) = ? moldm −3
m( Na2CO3 ) = 40 g
motopine = 600 g
ρ otopine = 1,067 gcm −3 n ( Na 2 CO 3 )
c ( Na 2 CO 3 ) = =
i
x( Na2CO3 ) = ?
c( Na2CO3 ) = 1 mol dm −3
ρ ( otopine) = 1,098 g cm−3
n( Na2CO3 )
x( Na2CO3 ) =
n( Na2CO3 ) + n( H 2O )
pretpostav ka : V = 1 dm 3
m t var i = 100 g
−1
M = 46 gmol
m vode = 100 g
ρ = 0 ,985 gcm − 3
−3
c = ? moldm
m 100 g
n M 46 gmol −1 −3 −3
c= = = = 0 ,0107 molcm = 10 ,7 moldm
V otopine m otopine 100 g + 100 g
ρ 0 ,985 gcm − 3
ρ1 = 1,4 gcm−3 V V
V1 = ? m m m m
ω = 0,67 = = = =
m otopine ρ ⋅ V 1, 4 g cm − 3 ⋅ 1cm − 3 1, 4 g
m = 0,67 ⋅ 1, 4 g = 0,938 g
0,938 g
64 g mol −1 −3 −3
c1 = = 0 , 0147 mol
l cm = 14 , 7 mol
l dm
d
1cm 3
c 2 ⋅ V 2 4 mol dm 3 ⋅ 1dm 3
V1 = = = 0 , 272 dm 3
c1 14 ,7 mol dm − 3
Ca (OH ) 2 + 2 HNO 3 ↔ Ca ( NO 3 ) 2 + 2 H 2 O
1 mol 2 mol
−3
n ( HNO 3 ) = c ⋅ V = 1,0 moldm ⋅ 0 ,30 dm 3 = 0 ,30 mol
1 0 ,30 mol
n Ca (OH ) 2 = n ( HNO 3 ) = = 0 ,15 mol
2 2
m Ca (OH ) 2 = n ⋅ M = 0 ,15 mol ⋅ 74 ,0 gmol −1 = 11,1 g
m ( AgCl ) = 12, 4 g
m (CaCl 2 ) = ?
n (CaCl 2 ) 1
=
n ( AgCl ) 2
1
n (CaCl 2 ) = ⋅ n ( AgCl )
2
m (CaCl 2 ) 1 m ( AgCl )
= ⋅
M (CaCl 2 ) 2 M ( AgCl )
M (CaCl 2 ) ⋅ m ( AgCl ) 111,08 gmol −1 ⋅12 ,4 g
m (CaCl 2 ) = = = 4,8 g
2 ⋅ M ( AgCl ) 2 ⋅143,3 gmol −1
V ( otopine ) = 1dm 3
−3
c ( K 2 CO 3 ) = 0 ,5 moldm
m ( K 2 CO 3 ) = ?
n ( K 2 CO 3 )
c ( K 2 CO 3 ) =
V ( otopine )
−3
n ( K 2 CO 3 ) = c ( K 2 CO 3 ) ⋅ V ( otopine ) = 0 ,5 moldm ⋅ 1dm 3 = 0 ,5 mol
m ( K 2 CO 3 ) = n ( K 2 CO 3 ) ⋅ M ( K 2 CO 3 ) = 69 ,1 g
m ( otopine ) = 500 g
ρ ( otopine ) = 1,3277 gcm −3
m ( NaOH ) = 80 g
N OH ) = ?
c ( NaOH
n ( NaOH ) m ( NaOH )
c ( NaOH ) = n ( NaOH ) =
V ( otopine ) M ( NaOH )
m ( otopine ) m ( otopine )
ρ ( otopine ) = V ( otopine ) =
V ( otopine ) ρ ( otopine )
m ( NaOH )
M ( NaOH ) m ( NaOH ) ⋅ ρ ( otopine ) 80 g ⋅ 1,3277 gcm − 3
c ( NaOH ) = = = =
m ( otopine ) M ( NaOH ) ⋅ m ( otopine ) 40 gmol −1 ⋅ 500 g
ρ ( otopine )
−3 −3
= 0 , 00531 molcm = 5 ,31 moldm
n(Ca (OH ) 2 ) 1 1
= n(Ca (OH ) 2 ) = ⋅ n( HCl )
n( HCl ) 2 2
c( HCl ) ⋅ V ( HCl )
c(Ca (OH ) 2 ) ⋅ V (Ca (OH ) 2 ) =
2
n(KOH) 1
= n(KOH) = n(H 3 PO4 )
n(H 3 PO4 ) 1
m(KOH)
= c(H 3 PO4 ) ⋅ V (H 3 PO4 )
M (KOH)
m(KOH) = c(H 3 PO4 ) ⋅ V (H 3 PO4 ) ⋅ M (KOH) = 3 moldm−3 ⋅ 0,15 ⋅ 10−2 dm3 ⋅ 56,1 gmol−1 = 25,25 g
n( H 2 SO4 ) 3 3
= n( H 2 SO4 ) = ⋅ n( Al(OH ) 3 )
n( Al(OH ) 3 ) 2 2
3 m( Al(OH ) 3 )
c( H 2 SO4 ) ⋅V ( H 2 SO4 ) = ⋅
2 M ( Al(OH ) 3 )