T IO N

NF E C
MAKES MANY H IV
FACESI
TO HIDE

BY
M SREEKANTH
GLOBAL PANDEMIC
DISEASE

HIV 1 & HIV2

ssRNA
LENTIVIRUS
RETROVIRIDAE
EPIDEMIOLO
GY
WHO stats) >40 m individuals are infected with
HIV
3 m are of children.
Sub Saharan Africa contributes 90% of it.
 India and Thailand dominate the epidemic in
south east Asia.
With out ART, 20% of vertically transmitted
children would progress to AIDS.

GLOBAL HIV ESTIMATES

Its an end stage of HIV infection.

CDC ) The presence of reliably diagnosed disease that is at

least moderately indicative of an underlying defect in CMI.

It’s the 2nd leading cause of disease burden world wide and
the leading cause of death in Africa.

Immune deficiency is a consequence of high level HIV

replication leading to virus and immune mediated
S
destruction of the key immune effecter cell-CD4 cells.
ID
 How do children became infected with HIV

Parenteral exposure – transfusions.

Vertical transmission- e
s a r
Intrauterine – 30% c t im
r v i
Intrapartum – highest aj o n …
e m ildr e
Postnatal - through breast feeding. Th ch
• Risk factors - Preterm delivery
Low maternal CD4 count
Prolonged rupture of membranes
Low birth weight babies
• Sexual contact – adolescents.
HIV IN CHILDREN PROGRESSES
RAPIDLY THAN IN ADULTS
• HIGH VIRAL LOAD
• CD4 CELLS
IMPACT OF HIV ON CHILDS’ PROSPECTIVE
Minimal progressive
Slowly progressive
Rapid course
 Untreated cases would die before their 5 th birth day.

 Many of them would be orphaned

due to AIDS related deaths of their parents
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THANK YOU