Nature of Organization

• Techno social systems that are

deliberately created.
• Open systems characterized by –
- Interdependent subsystems.
- Dynamic Homeostasis.
- Negative Entropy.
- Equifinality.
 Elements of Organizational
culture
• Observed behavioural regularities.
• Norms.
• Dominant values
• Philosophy.
• Rules.
• Organizational Climate.
 Characteristics of Learning
Organization
• Presence of Tension
- Gap between vision and reality
- Questioning/ Inquiry
- Challenging status quo.
- Critical Reflection
• Systems Thinking
- Shared Vision/ Holistic Thinking/ Openness
• Culture Facilitating Learning
-Suggestions/Teamwork/Empowerment/Empathy
 Personality
• How people affect others?
• How they understand and view
themselves?
• Pattern of inner and outer measurable
traits.
• Person- situation interaction.
• Role of Nature and Nurture
 Core Personality Traits
• Conscientiousness- Dependable,
hardworking, organized, self
disciplined, persistent, responsible.
• Emotional stability- Calm, Secure,
Happy, Unworried.
• Agreeableness- Cooperative, Warm,
Caring, Good Natured, Courteous,
Trusting
• Extraversion- Sociable,
Outgoing, Talkative, Assertive,
Gregarious.
• Openness to experience-
Curious, Intellectual, Creative,
Cultured, Artistically Sensitive,
Flexible, Imaginative
 Cognitive Processes
Learning
• Any relatively permanent change in
behaviour as a result of experience.
• Learning paradigms-
- Classical Conditioning.
- Operant Conditioning.
- Social Learning.
- Shaping and Behavioural modification.
 Attitude
• A predisposition to feel or act in a
particular way toward some person or
object.
• Factors in attitude change:
- New information.
- Use of fear.
- Resolving discrepancies.
- Peer influence.
 Perception
• The process of giving meaning to raw
sensory data.
• Sub processes- Confrontation
- Registration
- Interpretation
- Feedback
- Behaviour
- Consequence.
 Attribution
• The process by which people draw
conclusions about the factors that influence
or make sense of one another's behaviour.
• Dispositional attributions-
Behaviour due to internal factors.
• Situational attributions.
Behaviour due to external factors.