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Protocols in IPTV - Manishdas
Protocols in IPTV - Manishdas
Manish Das
decoding
de-
de-packetizing
deconstruction
Video encoding
Video in its most basic form is a sequence of images,
which are displayed in a sequential order. The technical
term for one of these video images is “a frame.” The
human eye in general can comfortably watch TV at around
25 frames per second (fps).
Devices called video encoders are used to compress video
content contained in each of the frames, while maintaining
a high level of picture quality.
Standard practice is to use Motion Picture Expert Group
(MPEG) encoding.
An uncompressed video signal is compressed and an a
continuous real-time digital signal is outputted from the
encoder. This is known as Elementary Stream.
Video encoding
MPEG uses three fundamental techniques to achieve
compression:
Header
Video Payload (184 bytes)
(4 bytes)
188 bytes
Formation of IP Packets
Once the TS has been structured and formatted it is
passed down to either the transport layer (UDP) directly
or a layer that uses the Real-Time Transport Protocol
(RTP).
IPTV is a real-time application and does not tolerate delays. TCP can often
introduce latency into the delivery of IP video content due to fact that the
protocol employs flow control mechanisms.
UDP ensures that delivery of IPTV content is not delayed even if there is
delayed or damaged packets contained in the network traffic, whereas in
using TCP, TV viewers are faced with a pause as they wait for a delayed
packet or picture frame to arrive or wait for the damaged packet to be
replaced.
Low overhead: The size of the header is only 8 bytes when compared to
the TCP header, which occupies 20 bytes of data.
UDP RTP
IPv4
Header Header
Header 7 X MPEG TS Packets (188 bytes)
(8 bytes) (12 bytes)
(20 bytes)
Optional
To Recapitulate
Now the delivery mechanism
R R
S S
R R
R R
Channel zapping in IPTV
T1
T2 T2
TV TV
ADSL MODEM
SETTOP
BOX
PC PC PC
Time-shift TV
Video on Demand (VoD)