UK LEGAL SYSTEM includes English law, Nothern Irish Law and Scotish Law.

Final appeal court in all cases is House of

Lords.There are 2 courts of Appeal.Court of Apeal Criminal Division appeals on criminal indictments from the Crown
Court.Court of Appeal Civil Division appeals from the Hight Court, coutry courts,certain special courts and some other
similar courts.Jury of 12 citizen and one main judge appeals from magistrates courts are members of Crown Court that has
criminal jurisdiction.Civil jurisdiction is a part of High Court,which has one judge and 12 cityzens,3 divisions.Lower(inferior)
courts are Magistrates Court and Country Court.The second court is responsible for civil jurisdiction while the first one
responces for less serious offences,minor criminal cases,civil jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction.

Montenegro`s law on Courts defines a judicial system consisting of three levels of courts: Basic, Superior, and the
Supreme Court. It also establishes two courts -- the Appellate and Administrative Courts with special jurisdiction
for commercial matters.Those 2 courts were established in 2005. The Basic Courts exercise original jurisdiction
over civil and criminal cases. There are 15 courts for Montenegro's 21 municipalities. Two Superior Courts in
Podgorica and Bijelo Polje have appellate review of municipal court decisions. The Superior Courts also decide
on jurisdictional conflicts between the municipal courts. The two commercial courts were established in
Podgorica and Bijelo Polje. They have jurisdiction in the following matters: shipping, navigation, aircraft ,
intellectual property rights, bankruptcy, and unfair trade practices. The Superior Courts hear appeals of
Commercial Court decisions, and Superior Court decisions may be appealed to the Supreme Court. The
Supreme Court is the court of final judgment for all civil, criminal and administrative cases.

Constitutional court, a distinct institution of the state that commands highauthority, is competent for the protection of
constitutionality and as such it is alegacy of modern times. As such it has been developed continuously. Like the lawitself
constitutional court has been meeting various challenges and dilemmas, as well as open issues that necessitate continuous
reforms. TheConstitutional Court of Montenegro, as the guardian of constitutional democracy,decides about the situations
in which other branches of power do not administer disputes in compliance with the principle of the rule of law.In addition
to other core values such as: freedom, peace, tolerance, respect ofhuman rights and freedoms, multiculturalism and
democracy, the Constitution ofMontenegro in its preamble spells put the basic commitments of the peoples to be the rule
of law; and in its articles 1 and 2 it defines the state as civic, democratic,ecological and welfare state based on the rule of
law.

The judicial system in the United States is unique insofar as it is actually made up of two different court systems:
the federal court system and the state court systems. While each court system is responsible for hearing certain
types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact. Furthermore,
solving legal disputes and vindicating legal rights are key goals of both court systems. The U.S. Constitution
created a governmental structure for the United States known as federalism. Federalism refers to a sharing of
powers between the national government and the state governments. The Constitution gives certain powers to
the federal government and reserves the rest for the states. Therefore, while the Constitution states that the
federal government is supreme with regard to those powers expressly or implicitly delegated to it, the states
remain supreme in matters reserved to them. This supremacy of each government in its own sphere is known as
separate sovereignty, meaning each government is sovereign in its own right. Both the federal and state
governments need their own court systems to apply and interpret their laws. Furthermore, both the federal and
state constitutions attempt to do this by specifically spelling out the jurisdiction of their respective court systems.
No two state court systems are exactly alike. Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities to provide an example
of what a typical state court system looks like. Most state court systems are made up of two sets of trial courts:
trial courts of limited jurisdiction and trial courts of general jurisdiction ); intermediate appellate courts (in many,
but not all, states); and he highest state courts (called by various names). 

The International Court of Justice  is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace
Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to
give advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international organs, agencies, and
the UN General Assembly. The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of
their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their
respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence
in international law. Articles 39 - 64 of the Statute cover the ICJ's procedure. Simply put, a case is heard in two
stages: the written stage and the oral stage. In the written stage, the two parties exchange briefs and file the
briefs with the court. In the oral stage, the party/states are represented and plead their cases before the court.
The judges then meet in camera and announce the decision publicly. Unlike many courts, the ICJ does give
advisory opinions. However, only international organizations can ask for an advisory opinion.