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USTER HVI Spectrum - Measuring Principles
USTER HVI Spectrum - Measuring Principles
USTER HVI Spectrum - Measuring Principles
HVI SPECTRUM
Measuring principles
Test Report
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 2
Measurements on cotton:
• Length, uniformity
• Micronaire
• Strength
• Color
• Trash
LED
Home
Position
Breaker Jaws
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 4
Development of a fibrogram
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 5
Mean Length -
Principle of Measurement
Developed from the fibrogram
Length
Mean length
ML
0% 100%
Tangent from
origin
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 6
Upper Half Mean Length -
Principle of Measurement
Developed from the fibrogram
Length
Upper half
mean length
UHML
0% 50% 100%
Tangent from
50% amount
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 7
Comparison
Mean Length - Upper Half Mean Length
Length
Upper half
mean length
Mean length
0% 50% 100%
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 8
Staple diagram
Fiber length
0% 50% 100%
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 9
Comparison Fibrogram - Staple Diagram
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 10
Explanation to the length
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 11
Relationship Between Staple Class
and HVI UHML Results
Inches UHM [inches] UHM [mm] Code
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 12
Uniformity Index
ML = Mean Length
UHML = Upper Half Mean Length
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 13
Length Uniformity - Evaluation criteria
Uniformity Index
Description
ML/UHML
77 & lower very low
77 – 79 low
80 – 82 average
83 – 85 high
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 14
Short Fiber Index SFI
An indication of the amount of fibers that are less than
0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in length.
6 to 9 low
10 to 13 average
14 to 17 high
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 15
Short Fiber Index SFI
Calculated with a proven algorithm
Fiber length
(mm/inch)
L½"
12.7 mm
Frequency (%)
x%
0% 25% 50% 100%
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 16
Length & Strength Measurement
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 17
Bundle Fiber Strength -
Principle of Measurement
• The bundle strength is the breaking strength of the
cotton fibers in grams per tex. The fineness is calculated
from the Micronaire value.
• The fiber beard is broken at a continuous deformation
rate and with a 1/8-inch distance between the clamps.
• With the space of 1/8-inch, the fibers will break at their weakest
spot, not at a predetermined breaking-point (clamp).
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 18
Bundle Fiber Strength - Evaluation
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 19
Bundle Fiber Strength - Evaluation
22 to 24 weak
25 to 27 medium
28 to 30 strong
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 20
Elongation Measurement
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 21
Determination of the elongation
Clamp
Clamp
l
= x 100
l0
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 22
Elongation Measurement - Evaluation
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 23
Micronaire Measurement
Pressure Measuring
change chamber
measuring with fibers
device
Airflow
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 24
Micronaire Measurement
Air flow
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 25
Micronaire Measurement
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 26
Micronaire - Influences
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 27
Micronaire - Consequences
Low Micronaire High Micronaire
• Can tend to the • Mostly mature and
formation of neps in yarn strong fibers
and fabric • Limits the yarn count
• If they are mature, they • Fine yarns cannot be
are fine and strong spun.
• If they are immature,
they are weak
• Immature fibers absorb
less dye and can lead to
problems in dyeing
(shiny neps)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 28
Micronaire - Evaluation
Micronaire Description
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 29
Maturity Index
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 30
Maturity Index - Evaluation
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 31
Micronaire & Maturity- Evaluation
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 32
Micronaire & Maturity
Medium Micronaire & High Micronaire &
“fairly mature” “well mature”
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 34
Color Range of Cotton
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 35
HVI Color
Grades
for
Upland
Cotton
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 36
HVI Color
Grades
for
Upland
Cotton
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 37
HVI Color
Grades
for
Pima
Cotton
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 38
Color Grade Symbols Code Leaf Code
White
Good Middling GM 11 1
Strict Middling SM 21 2
Middling Mid 31 3
U.S. Upland Strict Low Middling
Low Middling
SLM
LM
41
51
4
5
Strict Good Ordinary SGO 61 6
Cotton Good Ordinary GO 71 7
Light Spotted
Standard Good Middling
Strict Middling
GM Lt Sp
SM Lt Sp
12
22
1
2
Description Middling
Strict Low Middling
Mid Lt Sp
SLM Lt Sp
32
42
3
4
Low Middling LM Lt Sp 52 5
for Color Strict Good Ordinary SGO Lt Sp 62 6
Spotted
and Leaf Good Middling
Strict Middling
GM Sp
SM Sp
13
23
1
2
Middling Mid Sp 33 3
Strict Low Middling SLM Sp 43 4
Low Middling LM Sp 53 5
Strict Good Ordinary SGO Sp 63 6
Tinged
Strict Middling SM Tg 24 2
Middling Mid Tg 34 3
Strict Low Middling SLM Tg 44 4
Low Middling LM Tg 54 5
Yellow Stained
Strict Middling SM YS 25 2
Middling Mid YS 35 3
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 39
Color Measurement
The color is defined by the Reflectance (Rd) and
the Yellowness (+b) of the cotton fibers:
• Reflectance (Rd):
This value expresses the whiteness of the light
that is reflected by the cotton fibers. It corresponds
to the Nickerson/Hunter color chart.
• Yellowness (+b):
This value expresses the yellowness of the light
that is reflected by the cotton fibers. It corresponds
to the Nickerson/Hunter color chart.
• The Color Grade (CG) results from these two
values.
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 40
Trash Measurement
Video image
analysis
results in:
Trash
% Area
(covered)
Trash
(Particle)
Count
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 41
Trash Measurement
• Trash Count (TC)
Sample is illuminated from underneath the glass
window, and a black and white CCD camera
analyzes the changes in the pixels. A trash particle
is counted, if it exceeds the grayness threshold set
in the camera.
1 <= 0.08
2 <= 0.12
3 <= 0.18
4 <= 0.34
5 <= 0.55
6 <= 0.86
7 <= 1.56
8 > 1.56
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 44
Moisture - Evaluation
4 – 6% low
6 – 8% medium
8 – 11% high
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/HVI SPECTRUM 45