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USTER AFIS PRO - Measurement Principle & Test Results
USTER AFIS PRO - Measurement Principle & Test Results
Measurement Principle
Test Results
Measurement Principle
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 2
Modules
• Nep Classification
• Fiber neps and seed coat neps
• Count and size distribution
• Length and Maturity
• Length by weight and by number
• Short fiber content
• Maturity ratio
• Immature fiber content
• Trash
• Dust
• Trash
• Total foreign matter
• AutoJet
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 3
Measurement Principle:
Fiber Individualizer
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 4
Measurement Principle:
Optical sensors/detectors
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 5
Measurement Principle
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 6
Measurement Principle
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 7
Measurement Principle
Voltage U
Nep signal
Fiber signal
Time t
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 8
Measurement Principle
6
5
AREA
3 PEAK VOLTAGE
2 THRESHOLD VOLTAGE
1 TIME OF FLIGHT
-1
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 9
Measurement Principle
Length & nep measurement
• Optical system
• Single fiber measurement
• Measured with an opto-electronic sensor
• Fiber creates signal/impulse converted to an
electrical signal analyzed and evaluated by
computer
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 10
Nep Module
Seed Coat Nep
Measures:
Fiber neps and
seed coat neps
Count and size
distribution
Fiber Nep
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 11
Nep Module
• Fiber Neps
entanglements of several fibers
generated under mechanical treatment of the cotton
fibers during harvesting, ginning, opening and
cleaning in the spinning mill
amount depends on the cotton origin/variety and
harvesting method
neps are mainly reduced in carding and combing
amount of reduction depends on the machinery
performance and the quality the spinning mill wants
to achieve
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 12
Nep Module
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 13
Nep results
Data Product:
Nep Cnt/ g – Nep Count
Nep [m] – Nep Size
SCN Cnt/ g – Seed Coat Nep Count
SCN [m] - Size
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 14
Nep Classification Histogram
Distribution of
fiber neps (dark)
and seed coat neps
(shaded) by size (m)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 15
Nep Module
• Ranges of Neps and Seed Coat Neps in Raw
Cotton (Upland)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 16
Length Module
Meaning and significance of fiber length:
Fiber length is one of the most important
characteristics of cotton
Defines the spinnability of the fiber
Basis for cotton trading
AFIS length measurement targeted towards
process control of spinning mill
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 18
Length Module
• Difference between by number and by weight
measurement
2 Systems
Europe USA
Johannsen-Zweigle Suter-Webb
by number by weight
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 19
Length Module
Comparison of the length systems
"by number" "by weight"
Measured Calculated
Biased towards the longer
Shows the true fiber length
fibers. Longer fibers "weigh"
distribution in the sample
more than shorter fibers
Short and long fibers are Result is looking "better" than
treated equally the "by number" results.
used by mills that are used
gives more accurate to the results of the comb
sorter array methods such as
results for the optimization of
the Suter-Webb-Array
the processes in spinning UQL is close to the
classer’s staple
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 20
Length Measurement
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 21
Length Measurement: Data Product
Length distribution by weight:
Fiber length
UQL(w) L (n,w)
L½"
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 23
Length (w) Report
Distribution of fiber
length (dark) and
short fiber content
(shaded) by weight
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 24
Length (n) Report
Distribution of fiber
length (dark) and
short fiber content
(shaded) by number
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 25
Length Module:
Short Fiber Content
• Cotton length is determined by variety
• first length development, then development of the
walls
initially, the fibers have more or less the same
length
length is reduced with any mechanical
treatment (harvesting, ginning, opening,
cleaning)
• mainly reduced at combing
• control of the SFC very important for the spinning
performance and the yarn quality
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 26
Length Module
• Ranges of Short Fiber Content (w) and (n)
in Raw Cotton (Upland)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 27
Maturity Module
Measures:
• Maturity ratio
• Fineness
• Immature Fiber Content
• Summary table and histograms
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 28
Fiber Maturity
After length development, cellulose is deposited inside
the hollow fiber:
fiber is maturing
maturity = degree of cell wall thickness
= amount of cellulose inside the fiber
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 29
Fiber Maturity
Calculation of the fiber maturity
Perimeter P Perimeter P
Lumen
Area A1 Area A2
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 30
Fiber Maturity
Calculation of the fiber maturity
Example
Cumulative percent Theta Frequency
Mature
fibers (R)
Thinwalled
fibers
Immature
fiber
content (IFC)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 31
Fiber Maturity
Calculation of the fiber maturity
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 32
Fiber Maturity Measurement
• AFIS measures the fiber shape
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 33
Immature Fiber Content
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 34
Fiber Maturity Measurement
Convolution of mature cotton fibers
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 35
Fiber Maturity Measurement
Cross-section of mature cotton fibers
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 36
Fiber Maturity Measurement
Mature and immature cotton fibers
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 37
Fiber Maturity Measurement
Immature cotton fibers
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 38
Fiber Maturity Measurement
Immature fiber nep in the fabric (shiny nep)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 39
Fiber Fineness [mtex]
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 40
Fiber Maturity
Medium perimeter & Large perimeter &
“fairly mature” “well mature”
Data Product:
Fine mtex Fineness [millitex]
IFC [%] Immature Fiber Content [%]
Mat Ratio Maturity Ratio [%]
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 42
Maturity Report
Maturity [%]
Distribution of fiber
cell wall thickness
(dark) and immature
fiber content (shaded)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 43
Fineness Report
Fineness [%]
[mtex]
Distribution of fiber
fineness (mtex)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 44
Maturity Module
• Ranges of Maturity, IFC and Fineness in
Raw Cotton (Upland)
Maturity Ratio Immature Fineness Description
Fiber Content
(%) (mtex)
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 45
Trash Module
Measures:
• Dust particles smaller than 500 microns
• Trash particles larger than 500 microns
• Summary table and histograms
• Count and size distribution
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 46
Trash Module
• Definition Trash:
“foreign” particles, i.e. not related to any
physical properties of cotton fibers.
ITMF
Definition
Dust Trash
Respirable Micro
Dust Dust Dust Trash
15 20 500 Particle
Size [m]
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 47
Trash Module
Data Product:
Total Cnt/ g Count of all particles per gram
Mean Size Mean size of all particles [m]
Dust Cnt/ g Dust particle count per gram
Trash Cnt/ g Trash particle count per gram
VFM [%] Visible Foreign Matter [% by weight]
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 48
Trash Module: Trash Report
Dust
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 49
Trash Module
• Ranges of Trash, Dust Content and
Visible Foreign Matter in Raw Cotton
(Upland)
Trash Count/ g Dust Count/ g V.F.M.% Description
< 25 < 200 < 0.60 Very low
26 – 75 201 – 350 0.61 – 1.20 Low
76 – 110 351 – 600 1.21 – 2.30 Medium
111 – 150 601 – 1000 2.31 – 3.00 High
> 151 > 1001 > 3.01 Very high
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 50
Trash Module
• The amount of trash / dust particles in raw
cotton depends highly on:
• origin of the cotton
• harvesting method
• soil conditions
Edas/schulungsunterlagen/AFIS 51