biology

ms. zimmerman
emod

CHAPTER 10: Section 1

How proteins are made

A. Decoding the info in DNA

1. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
a. molecule made of nucleotides linked together
2. Differences
a single strand of nucleotides
5 carbon sugar Ribose
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and URACIL
adenine :: uracil
guanine :: cytosine
Uracil: RNA nucleotide replacing thymine
Transcription: (Part of making proteins & is formed in cytoplasm
in prokaryotic cells) is the process where
instructions for making proteins are sent from a
gene to an RNA molecule. DNA nucleotides used
as template for new RNA Molecule
-Translation: process in ribosomes that uses
codons in mRNA to determine the order
of amino acids

Transfer of info from DNA to RNA

1. Transcription

STEP ONE: RNA polymerase binds to promoter

STEP TWO: double helix unwound and separate by RNA
polymerase
STEP THREE: RNA polymerase adds to nucleotides uracil
pairs with adenine and cytosine paris with
guanine

DNA STRAND: TTAACCGG

RNA STRAND: AAUUGGCC
 DNA STRAND: TACAGTC
RNA STRAND: AUGUCAG

DNA STRAND: GTACAGC

RNA STRAND: CAUGUCG
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
carries the directions for making a protein from a gene and takes
it to the translation side
translated from nucleotides to amino acids

Codons
3 nucleotide sequence that “codes” for a specific sequence of
amino acids