Lecture 21 Tuesday 3/25/08

CSTR With Heat Effects

Multiple Steady States .

Ignition and Extiction Temperatures
 CSTR with Heat Effects

Energy Balance for CSTRs

Equation (8-9)

       (page 476)
Energy Balance for CSTRs

Equation (8-9)

(page 476)

Using

We obtain after some manipulation

(page 593)
 (page 593)

Collecting terms with QÝ UATa  T  and high coolant flow rates, WÝS  0 (except in Problem P8 - 5 B )

and Fi0  FA0 i

 CP0 
 
 
H Rx rAV   FA0  i C Pi T  T0   UAT  Ta 
 dT 
 


dt  N i C Pi

 RT  
          
 
T
G     
  
FA0  rAV UA
 H R  C P0 T  T0  T  Ta 
 N i C Pi  FA0   FA0 C PS 
  
 



    
 
  

dT FA0

dt  N i C Pi
G T  RT 

G T   rAV H Rx 

RT   C PS 1   T  T0  Ta 

 At Steady State

dT dN A
 0
dt dt
rAV  FA0 X

GT   RT   0

H Rx FA0 X  FA0  iCPi T T0 UAT Ta   0

Solving for X

 UA
 iCPi T T0  T Ta 
FA0
X  X EB
 H Rx


Solving for T
 FA0 X H Rx UATa  FA0  iCPi T0
T
UA  FA0 iCPi


In general
 UA 
XH Rx    iCPi T  T0   A   0
T  T
 FA0 

Heat Generated Heat Removed

      0
 G 
T   R T 

CP0   iCPi

 UA 
XH Rx   CP0 T  T0  T  Ta 

 F C
A0 P0 



  UA 
XH Rx   CP0 T  T0  T  Ta 

 F C
A0 P0 

UA
Let  
FA0 CP0

XH Rx   CP0 T T  T0  Ta 

 T  Ta 
 CP0 1  T  0 
 1  
 CP0 1  T  TC 

T0  Ta
TC 
1 


 AB
Mole Balance

FA0 X
V
rA

Rate Law
rA  kC A

Stoichiometry
C A  C A0 1 X

Combine
FA0 X C A0 0 X
V 
kC A0 1 X kC A0 1 X

X
k 
1 X
 FA0 X C A0 0 X
V 
kC A0 1 X kC A0 1 X

X
k 
1 X

k AeE RT
X 
1 k 1 AeE RT

AeE RT
G T  XH Rx   H Rx 
1 AeE RT


Generating G(T) and R(T)

dT
1
dt
G T  X H Rx 

R  CP0  1 kappa  T  TC 

Need to solve for X after combining mole balance rate law and stoichiometry.
For a first order irreversible reaction

tau  k
X
1 tau  k 
E 1 1 
k  k1  exp    
Parameters R T1 T 

Tau, H Rx , k1, E, R, T1, TC , kappa, CP0


Then plot G and R as a function of T

 Neglect stirring
CSTR Heat Effects Esys
Q  Ws   H i 0 Fi 0   Fi H i 
 
t
Fio
Esys  N i H i
  Ni H i   H i   Ni
Ta1 t t t t
mc V H i T
Ta2 Fi  C pi
t t
A B N i
 Fi 0  Fi  i   rAV 
t
Q  UA(Ta  T )
T
(H rx )(rAV )   Fi 0C pi (T  T0 )  UA(T  Ta )   N i C pi
t
r V UA N T
(H rx )( A )    i C pi (T  T0 )  (T  Ta )   i C pi
FA0 FA0 FA0 t
 rAV  UA  N T
(H rx )( )  C p 0 T  T0  (T  Ta )   i C pi
FA0  FA0C p 0  FA0 t
T FA0
  G (T )  R(T )
t  N iC pi
  rAV
G (T )  (H rx )( )
FA0
slope  C p 0 (1  k )
 UA  R(T)
k=∞
R (T )  C p 0 T  T0  (T  Ta ) k=0 (adiabatic)
 FA0C p 0 
R(T)
k
R (T )  C p 0 T  T0  k (T  Ta ) T0

 C p 0 T  kT  T0  kTa  T
TC=Ta
TC T

 T  kTa  T0  kTa
 C p 0 1  k   T  0  C
T 
 1 k  1 k
 C p 0 1  k  T  TC 

G (T )  (H rx ) X (because  rAV  XFA0 )

FA0 X
MB) V  RL)  rA  kC A k  Ae E / RT
 rA
FA0 X
Stoich) C A  C A0 (1  X ) V
kC A0 (1  X )
X k
k  X
1 X 1  k
( H rx )Ae E / RT
G (T ) 
1  Ae E / RT
G @ Steady state, G(T)=R(T)
 T0 TC TS

0  T01 TC1 TS1

T
T02 TC2 TS2,TS3

Extinction
TS temp
R,G
Ignition
temp

TS2
T T0
TS1 TS3
T01 2 3 4 5

stable
Ae  E / RT
X,G G (T ) 
1  Ae  E / RT
unstable R  C P 0 (1  k )(T  TC )
T parameters
T
1 T0  ......
t
switch independent variable to T plot G, R