Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) applies only to public companies, not to privately held

companies. Contains 7 chapters: The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board shall

1. Register public accounting firms;

2. Establish, or adopt, by rule, auditing, quality control, ethics, independence, and other
standards relating to the preparation of audit reports for issuers;
3. Conduct inspections of accounting firms;
4. Conduct investigations and disciplinary proceedings, and impose appropriate sanctions;
5. Perform such other duties or functions as necessary or appropriate;
6. Enforce compliance with the Act, the rules of the Board, professional standards, and the
securities laws relating to the preparation and issuance of audit reports and the
obligations and liabilities of accountants with respect thereto;
7. Set the budget and manage the operations of the Board and the staff of the Board
The Five Steps in the Performance Management Process:
1. Planning work and setting expectations.
2. Continually monitoring performance.
3. Developing people’s capacity to perform.
4. Completing periodic performance reviews.
5. Rewarding good performance, correcting underperformance.
G-20 promotes five major points:
1. global trade and investment.
2. financial supervision and regulation.
3. international financial institution funding and reform.
4. inclusive, sustainable market building.
5. confidence, growth, and job building.

Three-pronged approach to averting climate change:

1. emissions trading (often called the carbon market).

2. the clean development mechanism (CDM).
3. joint implementation (JI) projects.

Definitions of CSR vary from company to company, but there seems to be emerging five
common dimensions:

1. Environmental
2. Social
3. Economic
4. Stakeholder
5. Voluntariness/