SPSS ANOVA Output

ANOVA
SAT Verbal score
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between 702488.363 6 117081.394 17.541 .000

Groups
Within 15425280.619 2311 6674.721
Groups

Total 16127768.982 2317

Post-hoc Tests

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: SAT Verbal score
Tukey HSD
Mean Std. Error Sig. 95%
Difference Confidence
(I-J) Interval
(I) (J) ETHNICIT Lower Bound Upper
ETHNICIT Bound
African Asian -12.47 6.544 .226 -29.29 4.36
American Hispanic .66 6.415 1.000 -15.84 17.15
White -36.13 5.455 .000 -50.16 -22.11
Asian African 12.47 6.544 .226 -4.36 29.29
American
Hispanic 13.13 6.139 .141 -2.66 28.91
White -23.66 5.128 .000 -36.85 -10.48
Hispanic African -.66 6.415 1.000 -17.15 15.84
American
Asian -13.13 6.139 .141 -28.91 2.66
White -36.79 4.962 .000 -49.55 -24.03
White African 36.13 5.455 .000 22.11 50.16
American
Asian 23.66 5.128 .000 10.48 36.85
Hispanic 36.79 4.962 .000 24.03 49.55
* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

1. Interpret the results

The ANOVA summary table reveals that the between-group mean square (the variation
explained by the model) is 117,081.394 (702,488.363 / 6), and the within-group mean
square (the variation unexplained) is 6,674.721 (15,425,280.619 / 2,311). The F-ratio is
17.541 (117,081.394 / 6,674.721), and the p-value < .05 indicates that the difference in
the mean scores of the four ethnic groups is statistically significant. The Post-hoc tests
tell that the mean SAT score of White students is significantly higher than that of Black,
Asian, or Hispanic students.

2. Calculate the effect size

R2 = MSM / MST
= 702,488.363 / 16,127,768.982
= .04

R = .2 (The effect size is fairly small.)

Reference:

Field, A. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS for Windows. Sage Publications
Ltd., London.