Pose Estimation

! " #$
%'&)(*&,+-&/.1032547684529*:;45<>=?.A@1=B682DC0E<FG68.1.H6825(IJ03<K6MLN(OP&RQSQS0E<
R,t
T

!#"%$
& ')(+*,*-(.+/10324.5/6'879:2)(<;*-*=7#(>.5?A@B/1*=@3/17%C='80%DA?B.+*=EGFH/1(+/6'87%(+/17BC=*I/6.5(G;J*=K8/67A7A/67AKALNM
.</6(OC-E+?AC-/P2)QARS'8E
032)7UTC='80%DA?B.+*=EI2)7A@VE+');').WFH/1(/1'87.52)(+XY(=L[Z;H\*=C].,K8E+2)(+DB/17AKA^B0#2)7B/1DA?AQ124.5/6'872)7B@_E*=C=')K87A/6.+/1'87
'8E`(*=Q6RPa
Q1'HCb2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87')RN0%'8;A/6Q1*E+'8;J').5(W24E+*.dTHDA/1C=2)Qe*gfA2403DAQ6*=([RS'8E[.+9A*h?A(*'4RNDJ'8(+*i*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7eL
k:'8EW2l@A*-mA7A/6.+/1'87')R.59A*iDJ'8(+*iDAE'8;AQ6*=0VônO*qpY?A').+*qriE/10%(+'87ts Tvujwyx
z{U|~}SJ}:W:V#+):+)BSbjg%)!j+H+dt%]))yb]i#=H]
g5jB:]]:`j)J)¡,]v]d]:¡%¢)]#]:G£VS:h]Bjg3U)!U¤
kN/6K8?AE+* )T x Z ?AE24(+(+?B03DB.+/1'87B(RS'8Eh.+9A*¦¥4§a¡¨8§©D')(+*#*-(.+/10324.5/6'87ªDAE+');AQ1*-0 x#« Q6*-R.g¬irh/6F)*=7/6(247

/1032)K8*3')R2)7®'8;H\*-C-.bL « 0%/1@A@BQ1*¬i¯`9A*Cb2403*-E52°/1(±2)(+(?A03*-@®.5'ª;J*Cb2)Q6/1;AE+24.5*-@nW/6.+9
E+*-(+DJ*=C-.W.+'2n'8EQ1@C-'o'8E@A/17A24.5*(>TH(.5*-0_L « E+/1K)9Y.¬<²Q1(+'lK)/6F8*-7/1(`2l¨8§³'8;Y\*=C-.W0%'H@A*=Q
« /67V/´.5(`'nW7V'8;H\*=C].IC='H'8E+@A/67:24.+*h(TH(.+*=0#¬]L
dM 7.59B/1(µ'87AQ6/17A*GC=')7Y.+E+/6;A?B.5/6'87in*ODAE+*-(+*=7U.~2)(+DJ*=C].5(N'4RA.59A*<(+'jadCb24Q1Q1*-@°¶+¥)§a¡¨8§®DJ'8(+*O*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87
DAE'8;AQ1*-03·BL~¸¹/6.59_¥)§ad¨8§³D')(+*i*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87¦nO*q0%*b247.+'%mB.¥4§º(*=7A('8E@A24.2 « 247_/60#2)K)*')R£247
'8;H\*-C-.¬OnW/6.592l¨)§»');H\*=C].W03'H@A*=QyL~¯`9:24.[/1(=ôn*i2)E*/17U.+*=E+*-(.+*=@V/17*=(>.5/60#24.+/17AK2±E+/6K8/1@303').+/1'87
« C-'87U.2)/67A/17BKt;J').+9¼¨)§½E+'4.24.+/1'87¾2)7B@¿¨8§.5E+2)7A(QP24.+/1'87À¬qnW9B/1C9Á03/67A/10%/1c-*=(±247¼*-E+E+')E%0%*b24(+?AE*
« nW9B/1C99:2)(~.+'h;*[@B*-m:7A*-@À¬~;*].dn*-*=7.59A*`/60#24K8*[2)7B@l'8;H\*=C].<@:24.2oLN¯`9A/6(~/1(NFH/6(+?:2)Q6/1c-*=@±/67±m:K8?AE*
T8x ¸*im:E+(>.,');A(+*-EF8*±2)7Â'8;Y\*=C-./17_2)7_/1032)K8* « Q6*-R.¬]L`k:?AE>.59A*-E+0%'8E+*h.59B*qC=2)03*-E52/1(ICb2)Q6/1;AE+24.5*-@e^
(+'q.59:24.<nO*,Cb247¦Q1'HCb2)Q6/1c-*W2qCb2403*-E52qC-'o')E+@A/67:24.5*I(TH(>.5*=0Ã/17%.59A*,¨8§ÄnO'8EQ1@ « Fo/6(+?:24Q1/1c-*=@nW/6.+93.59B*
'8DB.+/1C=2)QOC-*=7U.5*-E%2)7A@Å.59B*¦(+9A/´R.5*-@®Cb2)0%*=E+2°DAQP2)7B*#/17Å.+9A*¦0%/1@A@BQ1*%/1032)K8*¬gL°¯`9A*'8;Y\*=C-.0%'H@A*=Q
/1(,(+9A'nW7t/17°.59B*lE+/1K)9Y./1032)K8*/67ª/6.+(Q1'HCb2)QC='H'8E@A/17:2j.5*±(>To(>.5*-0_L±Zh?BEi2)/10Æ/1(.+'C='80%D:2)E*.59B*
¨8§³'8;H\*-C-.`nW/´.59¦.59B*¥)§³/1032)K8*,@A24.2.+'l@A*-m:7B*q2mB.a
F42)Q6?A*)L~¸*i2)E*/17U.5*-E+*-(.5*-@_/67*=(>.5/10324.+/17AK
2¦E+/6K8/1@Â03').+/1'87_nW9A/1C9ÇQ1*=2)@A(,.+'2;*-(.hmA.h;J*-.dnO*=*-7.+9A*l'8;H\*-C-.i0%'o@A*-Q~2)7B@Ç.+9A*l/1032)K8*q@:24.52
2)(±FH/1(?:2)Q6/1c=*-@¾/17Åm:K8?BE+*V¥oL¾Z,RC='8?BE+(+*4Ô.+9A*=E*V032bTÅ*gfB/6(.@A/´È*-E+*-7Y.('8Q1?o.5/1')7A(=L¯`9A'8?AK89¾.59B*
DAE'8;AQ1*-0É(+')?A7A@A(O(+/10%DAQ6*`'87#2im:E+(>.K)Q1/10%DA(*)^).+9A*=E*,2)E*(*-F)*=E524Q/603DJ'8E.52)7U. « 2)7B@3D:24E.5/12)Q1Q´T(>.5/6Q1Q
'8DJ*=7À¬[pY?A*-(.5/6'87A(`nW9A/6C9Â2)E*i@A/1(C=?A((+*=@_/17.59B*Q6/6.+*=E52j.5?AE* x
T LIÊI'vnnW/1Q6Q.59B*/67UF8'8Q´F8*=@V0324.59A*-0#2j.5/1C=2)Q(D:2)C-*=(I;*i@A*=2)Q6.`nW/´.59ÀË
¥oLIÊI'vnnW/1Q6Qe2%¨8§³'8;H\*=C].,;J*iC='80%D:2)E*=@nW/6.+9_¥)§º/60#24K8*@:24.52UË
¨BL`¸¹9A/6C9_XY/67A@')RN/60#24K8*/17oRS'8E+0324.5/6'87¦/6([.5';*i?A(*=@ÀË
Ì LIÊI'vn/1(W2lE+/6K8/1@0%').+/1'87*-(.5/60#2j.5*=@:Ë
¥
[R|t]
kN/6K8?AE+*¥ x 6/ (+?:2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87Å')R.59A*DJ'8(+*V*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87®DAE'8;AQ6*=0 x ¯`9A*V.52)(+X®/6(l.5'ªm:7A@Á.59A*E+/6K8/1@

03'4.5/1')7¦nW9A/1C9VQ1*=2)@A([.5'%2;*-(.WmA.W;J*-.dnO*=*-7°/1032)K8*@A24.22)7A@.59B*');H\*=C].0%'H@A*=QyL
IL ÊI'vnnW/1Q6Qe¨8§»'8;H\*-C-.03'H@A*=Q6([;J*E*=DAE*=(*=7U.5*-@ÀË
Md7A@A*-*=@Â('80%*'4R.+9A*ipH?B*=(.+/1'87B(IC=2)7V7A').I;*2)7B(nO*=E+*-@Â/67_2lK8*-7A*=E+2)Q1/6c=*-@V032)7A7B*=E=L£Md7B(.5*=2)@
.59B*-Tt2)E*%@B*=DJ*=7A@A*-7U.±'87Ç.59A*(/6.5?A24.5/6'87 x k:'8Eh(+')03*(+C-*=7A*-( « *)L KAL3/67A@A?A(>.5E/P2)Q£24DADAQ1/6Cb24.+/1'87B(¬]ê2
DJ'8/17U.q;:2)(+*-@ÅE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87ÅnW/6.+9A/172)7Å')E.59B'8K8E524DA9A/1CC=2)03*-E52V03'H@A*=Q<2)7B@®2_(/10%DAQ1*C=')E+7A*-E
*]fH.+E52)C].5'8El0%/1K89U.;*(? %C=/1*-7U.b^<;A?B.lRS'8E±0%'8E*¦K8*=7B*=E524Q[(+C-*=7A*-(=^.+9A/1(±C=2)7¾;*247®/17:2)@B*=pY?:24.+*
E+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87eLG¯`9A*-E+*-RS')E+*,.+9A*=E*/1(O7A*=*-@.+'±@A*=2)QnW/´.59#.+9A*,DJ'8(+*,DAE+'8;BQ1*=0Ã/17#20%'8E+*K8*=7A*-E52)Q
2)7A @ A*]fo/1;AQ6*#032)7A7A*-E=L°Md7Å.+9A/1(n')E+XÇn*@A'Â7A').±K)/6F8*¦2ÂQ1'87BKÂ'F8*-EFH/1*]n2);J'8?B.q.59A*#*]fo/1(>.5/17BK
Q1/´.5*-E524.+?AE+* « *4L KAL¼s ^ T ¥o^ Tu ^£¥ ^£¥ H^£¥ o^N
¨ o^ Ì ¥Y^ Ì8Ì w ¬]LªMd7B(.5*=2)@®n*E*-RS*-E.5'¾s T ^N¨ vw nW9A*=E*
@A/´È*-E+*=7U.WnO'8E+XY(2)E+*hDAE*=(*=7U.5*-@ª2)7A@V@A/1(C=?A((+*-@eL
Md7.+9A/1(C-'87U.5E+/6;A?B.+/1'87 nO*tn2)7U..5'ÁD'8/67U.'8?B..dnO'¿032)/17.+'8DA/1C-(=LÃkN/6E+(.+Q6TÁn*Çn2)7U._.+'
@A/6(+C=?B(+(N.+9A*K8*-'80%*-.5E/1CG(+C-*=7:24E+/1',')RJ¥)§ad¨8§¼DJ'8(+*O*=(>.5/10324.+/1'872)7A@qn*[/67U.5E+'H@A?AC-*<.+9A * ')7BRS'8E+032)Q
rh*='80%*-.+E+/1C3²,Q6K8*=;AE+2_.5'Â@A*b2)QOnW/6.59.59A*/67YF)'8Q6F)*=@®0324.59B*=0324.5/6Cb2)QG(+DA2)C=*-(=Lt¯`9A*(+*-C='87A@®.+'8DA/1C
@A*=2)Q1(nW/6.+9Ä.+9A*tE+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.2j.5/1')7')R'8;H\*=C].5(Â2)7A@nO*t@A*=(C=E+/6;*2)7Ä'8;H\*-C-.°9B/1*=E+2)E+C9UT nW9A/6C9
(.52)E.+([nW/6.+9(+/10%DAQ6*¨8§³DJ'8/17U.5([2)7A@*=7B@A(W?ADnW/6.59¦.+9A*E*=DAE*=(+*-7U.24.+/1'87V')R'8;H\*-C-.5([FH/12±K8*=7A*-E52)Q
RSE+*-*]a!RS'8E+0 C='87U.5')?AE+(%2)7A@¾(?AER2)C-*03*-(+9A*-(=LÅ¸*RS?AE.+9A*=El@A*-(+C-E+/1;J*9A'n .+'Ç03'H@A*=QOXY/17A*-0#24.+/1C
C9:2)/67A(±247A@.+9A*=/6EC-'8?ADAQ6/17AKnW/6.+9A/172VRSE*=*ga
RS'8E0 (+?AE>R2)C=*303*-(+9Å247A@DAE*=(*=7U.2)DADBQ1/1C=24.5/6'87A(h/67
9Y?A032)703').+/1'873*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87eL ').+9VDA2)E.+(W2)E+*h032)/17BQ6Tl.24X)*=7RSE+')0Ã.+9A*hE+*-D'8E>.5(s ¨ ^:¨ w nW9A/6C9
2)E*l2bF)24/1QP24;AQ1*i'87Â.+9A*±/67Y.+*=E7A*-.=Li§?A*.5'3.59A*±(D:2)C-*lQ1/10%/6.+([n*±nW/6Q1Qµ'87AQ´TV;AE+/6* AT_(+C-E524.+C9t;J').+9
.5')DA/1C-(W2)7A@VE+*-RS*-E`.5'l.59A*iE*=DJ'8E.+(WRS')E`03'8E*h@A*-.52)/1Q6*=@/17oRS'8E+0324.5/6'87eL
¨
,# Io £e ³ µ+
3"
`¯ 9A/6(h(+*=C].5/6'87@B*b2)Q6(nW/6.59ÇK8*-'80%*-.5E/1CRS')?A7A@:24.+/1'87B(,.5'@A*=2)Q~nW/6.+9t¥)§a¡¨8§ DJ'8(+*l*-(.+/10324.5/6'87eLM
.
RS?AE>.59A*-E±C='87U.52)/17A(±2°;AE+/6*-RW/17U.+E+'H@A?AC-.+/1'87/17U.5'Â0#2)/67@A*]m:7A/´.5/1')7A(l2)7A@7A').2j.5/1')7A(')RIK8*-'80%*-.5E/1C
2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)( « rh²,(¬gL¯`9A*#E*b2)@A*-E/6(qE*-RS*=EE+*-@.5'Ås ¨8ö^¨ Ì ^ T B^ T#T ^ Ì H^~¥ H^ Ì w RS')Eq0%'8E+*%@A*].2)/6Q1*=@
/17oRS'8E+0324.5/6'87eLe¸*`?A(+*[.+9A*`QP247AK8?:2)K)*')R Q1/´È')E+@l2)Q6K8*=;BE52)(-^8(+/67AC=*[/´.£9:2)(N(+*-F)*=E+2)QÀ2)@BF42)7U.24K8*=(~RS'8E
K8*-'803*].5E/1CW2)DADBQ1/1C=24.5/6'87A(-^)(+?BC92)(~.59B*DJ'8(+*WDAE'8;AQ6*=0 x M
.<DAE'vFH/6@A*=(<2hC='80%D:2)C].<(TH0±;J'8Q1/6C[E+*-DAE+*ga
(+*-7U.24.+/1'87°'4R£*=7U.5/´.5/6*=(2)7A@Â.+9A*=/6EI.+E52)7A(>RS'8E+0324.+/1'87A(-L
£7U.5/6.+/1*-(=^J(+?AC9Ç2)(D')/17U.5(-^Q6/17A*-(I')EDAQ12)7A*-(
2)E*E+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.+*=@_2)([(+'jadCb24Q1Q1*-@#0±?BQ6.5/´F8*-C-.5')E+([247A@2±K8*=')03*].5E+/6CDBE+'H@A?AC-.[Cb2)7;J*?A(*=@.5'±0%'H@A*=Q
K8*-'803*].5E/1Cl.5E+2)7A(RS')E+0324.5/6'87A( « (?AC9¾2)(E+/6K8/1@Ç;J'o@BTÇ0%').+/1'87A(-^µE+* A*=C-.+/1'87B('8E/17U.5*-E+(*=C-.+/1'87B(¬h')R
.59B*,*=7U.+/6.5/6*=(-L£k:?AE.+9A*=E03'8E*)^YC=*-E.52)/17 Q1/6È'8E@#2)Q6K8*=;BE52)(G?A7A/´RT%2qQ6').<')R0324.59A*-0#2j.5/1C=2)QA(>To(>.5*-03(-^
(+?BC9Å2)(.+9A*pH?A24.5*-E+7A/6'87A(=^µ@A?A2)Qá
pH?A24.5*-E+7A/6'87A(=^µ&£ Q ?B CX)*=EhK)*='80%*-.+ET8^ /1*K8E+'8?BDA(2)7A @ /1*2)Q6K8*]a
;AE+2)(l'8El(+/6K87:2)Q<.59A*-'8ETnW9A/1C9¼2)E*¦*=0±;J*=@B@A*=@Á/17®K8*-'80%*-.5E/1C24Q1K8*-;AE52)(q.5'Ç03'H@A*-Q
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7e^
2 %7A*4ÂDAE+'v\*=C-.+/6F)*q247A@C='87BRS')E+032)QK)*='80%*-.+ET8L£¯`9B*=(+*h.+'8DA/1C-(`2)E*h')R.5*-7/17U.5E'o@A?BC=*=@(*=D:2)E+24.5*-Q6T
2)7A@Å.+9A*/17U.+*=E524C-.5/6'87Å')RI@A/´È*-E+*-7Y.±@A/1(C=/1DBQ1/17B*=(;J*=C-'80%*=(l*-F)*=7Á9:2)E@A*=E-LMd7A@B*=*=@^2°K8*-'80%*-.5E/1C
/17U.+*=E+DBE+*-.524.5/6'87%')R*)L KAL~.+9A*,k:'8?BE+/1*-E£.5E5247A(RS'8E0 9A*=Q6DA(O.+'*gfBDBQ1'8/´.<.+9A*=/6EODBE+'8DJ*=E>.5/1*-(<RS')E<@B/6È*=E+*-7U.
2)DADBQ1/1C=24.5/6'87A(-^À2)((9A'nW7ªQP24.+*=E-L[¯`9A*E*b2)@B*=E,/6(WE+*-RS*-E+E*=@Â.+'ªs ¥8¥ w RS'8EI@A/6È*=E*=7U.,9B'803*-D:2)K8*-(,247A@
DAE'j\*=C].5(I/17 Q1/´È'8E@2)Q1K)*=;AE+2)(=L
!"!#$&%')(+*,
Md7.59A*I(+C-*=7:2)E/1'i')Rm:K8?AE*,¥,RS'8?BE<0324.+9A*=0324.5/6Cb2)QHRSE52)0%*-nO'8EXH(GC=2)73;J*W/1@A*-7U.5/6mA*=@ x ¯`9A*ImAE+(.<'87B*
/1(2¦DAE+'j\*-C-.+/6F8*lDBQP2)7A*q')RO2¦Cb2)0%*=E+2Bê*-0±;*-@A@A*-@t/67Â.59B*l(+*=C-'87A@ªRSE52403*]n'8EXÀ^2¨8§ DAE+'v\*=C-.+/6F)*
(+DA2)C=*4L#Md7Ç.59A*-(+*#(D:2)C-*=(/6.i/1(iDJ'8(+(/1;AQ6*±.5'VDAE+'v\*=C-.q'8EhE*=C=')7A(.+E+?AC].±*=7U.+/6.5/6*=(h;UTt2)DADBQ6TH/17AK*4L KAL
DAE'j\*=C].5/1')7°0#2j.5E+/6C=*-(=L,¯`9B*.59A/6E+@°')7A*/6(.59B*RSE52)0%*-nO'8EXV'4RGXH/67A*=0324.+/1C=(-^JnW9B/1C9ªC=')7Y.52)/17B(.59B*
032)D¦')R.+9A*)5]< -Áh1j#]]!ls T Ì w 247A@Cb2)7#;*?B(+*=@.+'±@A*=(C=E/1;J*hE+/1K)/1@%;'H@BT303').+/1'87B(=L
²Ã(+*-.')R[*-7U.5/6.+/1*-(nW/´.59Ç.59A*3DAE+'8DJ*=E>.dTª.59:2j.q.+9A*3@B/1(.52)7AC-*=(;J*-.dnO*=*-7¾2)7UTª.dn'Â')R.+9A*#*-7Y.+/6.+/1*=(
7A*]F8*=EF)24E+/1*-(N/67q.5/603*G/6(NCb24Q1Q1*-@2q]´¢)]=)jLN²¿C-'87U.5/67H?B'8?A(.+E52)7B(RS'8E0#24.+/1'87inW/6.+9q.+9A*[DAE'8D*-E.dT
.59A24./´.DBE+*=(*=E>F8*=(i@A/6(.52)7AC=*-(,@A?BE+/17BK3.5E+2)7A(>RS'8E+0324.5/6'87V/1(ICb2)Q6Q1*=@_2Âg´¢)]=)¦#j!j:LI²ºE+/6K8/1@
;J'o@BT03'4.5/1')7ÅC='8EE+*-(+DJ'87A@A(.5'ª.59B. *
G?BC=Q1/6@A*b247¾.+E52)7B(RS'8E0#24.+/1'87K8E+'8?B0 D /21 « Ü¬-s T Ì w
L *=/67AKt2
.5E+2)7A(>RS'8E+0324.5/6'87;UT3/´.5(*=Q6R¡Û/´.<C='87U.24/17A(<E+').524.5/6'87A(<2)7A@%.5E+2)7A(+Q124.5/6'87A(-LN¯`9A*IRS'8?AE.+93RSE+2)03*]n')E+Xl/1(
.59B3*
G?BC=Q1/6@A*b247¦(+D:24C=*h'8E
£?AC-Q1/6@A*b2)7DBQP2)7A*4^HnW9B/1C9/1([/603DJ'8E>.2)7U.<.5'±@A*]m:7A*i@A/6(.247AC=*-([;*].dn*-*=7
*=7U.+/6.5/6*=(-L£¯`9A*q;A2)(+/6Ch@A*-m:7B/6.5/6'87A(`')R.59B*=(+*(+DA2)C=*-(,2)E*h.59A*hRS'8Q6Q1'nW/17AKs T Ì w!x
T LW¯`9A5* 476)8!9; :µ={ <:? } >A@<B88{¿/6(2F8*-C-.+'8E(+D:2)C- * C nW/6.+92Å(>TH030%*-.+E+/1C_D')(+/6.+/6F)*°@A*-mA7A/6.+*
;A/6Q1/67A*b2)E<RS'8E+0 « nW9A/6C9_/67A@A?AC-*=(I2)D 7
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7_7B'8E+0#¬]L
¥oLW¯`9A * <FEÅ}G { >A@)<H88{ÄC-'87A(/1(.+(_'4Rl2¼(*-._')R±DJ'8/67Y.+(=^h2¾@A*-E+/6F)*=@F)*=C].5'8EV(+D:24C=*Å247A@.dnO'
'8DJ*=E+24.5/6'87A(-Â7:2)0%*=Q´T#F8*-C-.+'8EI2)@A@A/´.5/1')72)7A@V(+Cb24QP2)E`0±?BQ6.5/6DAQ1/6Cb24.+/1'87L
¨BLW¯`9AJ* I}L{ KM<ov; 8N>+@)<B88{l/6(G2)732 %7A*(D:2)C-*InW/´.59l.59A*IK8E'8?AD')ReE/1K8/6@l03'4.5/1')7A(£2)(G(+DJ*=C-/P2)Q
2 %7A*h.+E52)7A(>RS'8E+0324.+/1'87eL
Ì LW¯`9A* @)OvQ P=L{ 8)vS RJT { >A@<B883{ U « C±¬/67A@A?AC-*=@l;UN T CÄ/1(.+9A*[(*-. « CWVQX QY4[¬ Z]\ ')RÀ*-pY?A/6F42)Q6*=7AC-*
C-QP2)((+*=(')R7A'87Ac-*=E+'±F)*=C].5'8E(`/1.
7 C ?B7A@A*=EO.59A**-pY?A/6F42)Q6*=7AC-*E+*-QP24.+/1'8^ 7 \º@A*]m:7A*=@(?AC9.59:24.
Ì
'87BC=*=Do. H.5E+24.5/´m:Cb2j.5/1')7
*-C-.+'8EWCb2)Q6C=?AQ6?A(
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7 2 %7A* DAE+'v\*=C-.+/6F)*
rh*='80%*-.+E+/1C2)Q1K8*-;AE52
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7 DAE'j\*=C].5/6F)* C='87oRS'8E+032)Q
¯2);AQ6* T8x H.+E524.+/6m:C=24.5/6'87¦')R0#2j.59A*-0#24.+/1C=2)Q(D:2)C=*-(=L

CWVQX QY x \ M x L
Â24.+9A*=0324.+/1Cb24Q1Q6T¦2#DAE'j\*=C].5/6F)*±(+DA2)C=W * U « C¬I/1(2#(*-.'4RG*=pY?A/6F42)Q6*=7AC-*C-QP2)((+*=(,')R~F8*-C-.+'8E+(h/675C%L
¯`9A*±/6@A*b2;J*=9A/67A@°DAE'j\*=C].5/6F)*K8*-'80%*-.5E>TV/1(W.5'3FH/6*-nº2)7_*=pY?A/6F42)Q6*=7AC-*C-QP2)(( « ¬2)(,2)7°2j.5'80%/1C
'8;H\*-C-.=^~RS'8E+K8*].+.+/17AK.59A*#/17U.5*-E+7:2)QG(>.5E+?BC-.5?BE+*¦')R`.+9A*#*-pY?A/6F42)Q6*=7AC-*#C=Q12)(+(-L°k:'8Ei.59A/6(E*b2)('87Å/6.q/1(
C=?B(.5')0#2)E>T.+'ªCb2)Q6Q[2)7®*-pH?B/6F42)Q1*-7AC=*C-QP2)( ( « ¬ 2_:j: « .59A**-7U.5/1E**=pY?A/´F)24Q1*=7BC=*¦C-QP2)((
« ¬ Ç/6(`C='8Q6QP2)DB(+*=@/67Y.+'%2(/17AK)Q1*h'8;H\*-C-.=ÂFo/6*-nO*=@Â2)(I2DJ'8/67Y.¬]L
¯`9A*h/1@B*b2q/6(O.+'±E+*=2)C9¦.59A7*
G?BC=Q1/6@A*b247¦DAQP247A*,'8E
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7¦(+DA2)C=*/67#.59B**=7A@L<Zh7BQ6T%/17#.+9A/1(
n2T/´.`/1(`DJ'8((+/1;BQ1*.5'C-'8D*hnW/´.59.59A*iDAE'8;AQ6*=0 '4RN7A')/1(T#@:24.52/67V2K)*='80%*-.+E+/1ChC-'87U.5*gfo.2)7B@V.+'
*-F42)Q6?:24.+*%.+9A*#pY?:2)Q6/6.dTÇ')R.59A*3*=(.+/10324.5*-@DJ'8(+*4L O?B.(/17AC-*3.+9A^ *
£?AC-Q1/1@B*b2)7(+D:2)C-*¦/1(7A').nO*=Q1Q
(+?B/6.5*-@Å.5'°@B*=(+C-E+/6;*DAE'j\*=C].5/´F8*K8*-'803*].5E>T247A@®XY/17A*-0#24.+/1C-(=^N.+9A*2)/60 /6(q.+'°.5E5247A(RS'8E0 « QP24.+*=E
/17U.+E+'H@A?AC=*-@À¬`C='87A(>.5E+2)/17U.*-pY?:24.5/6'87A(I/17U.5'#23@A/6(.52)7AC=*0%*b2)(?AE+*q')R~.59BW *
£?AC-Q1/1@B*b2)7_(+D:2)C-*±/17.59B*
F8*-ETÂQP2)(>.,(>.5*=DL *-RS')E+*.+9A/1((.5*-De^.+9A*').+9A*=E,(+D:2)C-*=(h24E+*±?A(*=@°.+'¦E+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.h.+9A*±(+/´.5?:2j.5/1')7_/67
2±(+?B/6.24;AQ1*In[2bT8LG¯`9A*h(D:2)C-*=(`')Rµ.59B*D')(+*h*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'873(+C-*=7:2)E/1'l0%*=7U.5/6'87A*-@2);J'vF)*i2)E+*,*]fB2)C-.+Q6T
.59B*%(D:2)C-*=(')RO.+9A*l(.+E524.+/6m:C=24.5/6'87ª9A/6*=E524E+C9UT°nW9A/6C9kÀ2)?AK)*=E524(h/17U.5E'o@A?BC=*=@t/17 T s T ¨ w Ll¯`9B*
.59BE+*=*i032)/17E*=DAE*=(*=7U.24.+/1'87B(I9B*C-'87A(/1@A*-E+*=@Â2)E+*.+9A*iDAE+'v\*=C-.+/6F)*)^À2 %7A*2)7A@V0%*-.5E/1C')7A*=(-L<²Q1Q
(.+E524.522)E+*i/17UF)'8Q6F)*=@V/17.59A*q¥)§ad¨8§ DJ'8(+**=(>.5/10324.+/1'87¦DBE+'8;AQ6*=0VL
¯`9A*(.+E524.+/6m:C=24.5/6'87ª9A/1*-E52)EC9UTªDAE+')D'8(*=@t;UTÇkÀ2)?AK8*-E52)(h9:24(h/6.5(hE'o'4.5(/67Ç.+9A*±F8*-C-.+'8Ei(+D:2)C-*
C=')7AC=*-DB.5(2)7B@¹2)(+(?A03*-(D')/17U.5(#2)(#.59B*ªE+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.5*-@;A2)(+/6CÂK8*-'803*].5E/1CÂ*-7U.5/6.+/1*-(=L³¯`9A*°'4.59A*-E
(+DA2)C=*-(2)E+*°@B*=E+/´F8*-@¹RSE'80.59A*_F8*=C].5'8E(D:2)C-*ªC='87AC-*=DB.+( x ¸*-Q1QIXH7B'vnW7¹/6(3.59B*°9A'80%'8K8*-7A*='8?B(
*]fH.+*=7A(/1'87Á.5'Ç*]foDAE*=(+(#2)7
G?BC=Q1/6@A*b247Á(D:2)C-*Â2)(%2 %7A*(D:2)C=*_2)7A@¾.5'Ç?A(*V.+9A*9A'80%'8K8*-7A*='8?B(
C=')03DJ'87A*-7Y.GRS'8EG@A/6(.+/17AC].5/1')7l;*].dn*-*=7¦DJ'8/17U.+(O247A@3@B/1E+*-C-.+/1'87A(G/67.+9A*I2 %7A*I(+D:2)C-*)L£¯`9A*IDAE'j\*=Cga
.5/´F8*G(+DA2)C=*O2)(2W(*-.')RA*-pY?A/6F42)Q6*=7AC-*<C-QP2)((+*-(/6(@B/1E+*-C-.+Q6T;B?A/1Q6@')7.+9A*G9A'80%'8K8*=7B*='8?A(F)*=C-.+'8E(+D:2)C-*
C=')7AC=*-DB.5(-L3¯`9A/6(n[2bTª.+'V(>.5E+24.5/´RTÂ.59B*FH/6(+/1')7ª(+D:2)C-*3/6(hC=Q6*b2)EQ6T_03').+/6F424.+*=@ª;UT°.59B*%?B7A@A*=EQ6TH/17BK
DJ'8/17U.WC=')7AC=*-DB.5(I')R.59A*hF8*-C-.+'8E(D:2)C-*=(2)7A@V/1(`(+9B'vnW7_/17¦.+9A*hm:E+(>.E'n ')R.2);BQ1* T L
¸*2)E*t?B(+/17BK¼K8*-'80%*-.5E/1CÇ2)Q6K8*=;BE52)(¦.+'¼E*=DAE*=(+*-7U.ª2)7A@Ä9:2)7B@AQ1*Ç@A/´È*-E+*=7U._0#2j.59A*-0#24.+/1C=2)Q
(+DA2)C=*-(')R~K)*='80%*-.+E+/1Ci0%*b2)7B/17AKALO¯`9A*0#2jfo/60±?A0(/1c=*-@°2)Q6K8*=;BE52?A(+*-@°(+'%R2)E=^À/1(I2)7Â2)Q1K)*=;AE+2.+'
9:2)7B@AQ1*C=')7BRS'8E+032)Q.5E5247A(RS'8E0#2j.5/1')7A(s ¥ w L%² .+E52)7A(>RS'8E+0324.+/1'87°/6(h(52)/6@t.+';*C=')7BRS'8E+032)Qyê/6RO/6.
« Q6'oC=2)Q1Q´TB¬,DAE+*-(+*=E>F8*-(2)7AK8Q6*=(=L¯`9B/1(q2)Q1K8*-;AE52VC='87U.52)/17A(q2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)(iRS'8Ei03'H@A*=Q6/17AKDAE'j\*=C].5/´F8*¦247A@

£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7K8*=')03*].5ET#2)(`(?A;oa¡24Q1K8*-;AE52)(-L£M
.WE+*-(+?AQ´.5(W/17').+9A*=E`Q12bT8*=E(`')R(.5E+24.5/´m:Cb2j.5/1')7#nW9A/1C9nO*
DAE'8D')(+*hRS'8E`DJ'8(+*i*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'8724(`(+9A'nW7Â/67.2);AQ6* T L
; [ F(+*,# '!#" %$&( ')
²¿¢Hj#]yg![) ¢H==%s ¥ w /6(2 Q1/´È'8E@2)Q1K8*-;AE52 « ¸¹/6Q1Q6/P2)0'&lLQ6/6È'8E+@iQ6/6F8*-@ T)( Ì a T*(Uu U¬JnW/´.592
032)/17iRS'oC-?A(~'87K8*='80%*-.+E+/6CO/67Y.+*=EDAE+*].24.+/1'87A(-L Q6/6È'8E+@,+ (C='87U.+E+/1;B?B.5/6'87q.+'h2,K8*-'803*].5E/1C<*]fH.5*-7A(+/6'87
')R.+9A*,E*b2)QJ7Y?A0±;J*=E[(>To(>.5*-0 .5'±2qC=')03DAQ6*-.+*2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)/1CWE*=DAE*=(+*-7U.24.+/1'87')Rµ@B/1E+*-C-.+*=@¦7Y?A0±;J*=E([/1(

9A/6(.5')E+/1C=2)Q1Q´TE+*]Fo/6*-nO*=@Ç;UT LO2)K8Q1')0 /67¾s Ì ¨ w ^nW9A/1C9t2)Q6(+'¦@B/1(+C-?A(+(*=(i.59A*E+*=Q124.5/6'87Â.+'#RS'8E+0%*=E
nO'8E+XY(`')RNrhE52)((+032)7A7 «NT)(
ja T)(Uu8u ¬G'8EÊ,2)0%/1Q´.5'87 « T*( a T)( ¬gLN¯`9A*.+*=E0 K8*-'80%*-.5E/1C,2)Q1K8*-;AE52
n2)(/67U.5E+'H@A?AC-*=@;UTV§h2bFo/6@Ê*-(.5*-7A*=(±s ¥)¥ wd« Ü¬/17.+9A* T

+ (=ônW9A'%RS?BE.59B*=EW@A*-F)*=Q6'8D*-@ Q6/6È'8E+@
2)Q6K8*=;AE+2l/17C=Q12)(+(/1C=2)QeK8*-'803*].5E>T2)7A@0%*=C9:2)7B/1C=(-L
Md7¼K)*=7A*-E52)Qy^G2¢Hj#]g!) ¢H==
« M ]¬q/6(2°Q1/67A*b2)E(+D:2)C-*')RI@A/10%*=7A(/1'87
¥ o ^ ^nW/´.59Ç(+?A;B(+D:2)C-*=(-^~Cb2)Q6Q1*-@¿= ÚH]T L
£Q6*=0%*=7U.5(')R2VK8*-'80%*-.5E/1C2)Q6K8*=;BE522)E*
H y )]dj5]ÎnW9A/6C9¹2)E+*Â9A/1K89B*=E>a
K8E524@A*ª2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)/1CV*=7U.+/6.5/6*=(¦/67C=')03D:24E+/1('87¿.+'ÅF8*=C].5'8E(')Rq2

F8*-C-.+'8E,(D:2)C=*;J*=/1
7B K%m:E(.>adK8E+2)@A**=7U.5/´.5/1*-(=LO²ºK)*='80%*-.+E+/1Ci24Q1K8*-;AE5 2
W/6(IC-'87A(>.5E+?BC-.5*-@°RSE+'802
F8*-C-.+'8E~(+DA2)C=*OM ^4*=7A@A'nO*=@lnW/6.+9q.+9A*(/1K87:2j.5?AE* « ¬g^4;UTq2)DADBQ6TH/17AK,2¢Hj#]g!J5=! :]yL
¯`9A*3K8*='80%*-.+E+/6ClDAE+'H@A?AC].@A*]m:7A/67AK°2K8*=')03*].5E+/6C2)Q1K)*=;AE+2V/6(@B*=7A').+*=@Å;UT#\?ofH.52)D')(+/6.+/1'87 « *)L KAL6^
"$# RS'8E[.dnO'#0±?BQ6.5/´F8*-C-.5')E+( " 2)7B@ # ¬]L
¯'3;*i0%'8E+*h@B*-.24/1Q1*-@e^:Q1*].W&{ %~2)7B@_{ ' « &{ % { ' M ( ) ¬[;J*i.dnO'#')E.59B'87A'8E0#2)Q;:2)(+/6(`F8*=C].5'8E(
')R2F)*=C-.+'8E£(+DA2)C=*4L£¯`9A*[K8*-'803*].5E/1CDBE+'H@A?AC-.NRS'8EN.59B*=(+*[F)*=C].5'8E(£')RÀ.59A*[K)*='80%*-.+E+/1C2)Q1K)*=;AE+2*

/1(`@B*-m:7A*-@°2)(
+,,, T M RS'8E / 10
X T 3222 Y
&{ %P{ ' x - , 4
T M RS'8E / 10
X 5JT 222 5 Y « ¥HL T ¬
,., M RS'8E / 10
X 5 JT 2322 Y
&{ %6' RS'8E /89 7 0:2
¯`9A*°K)*='80%*-.+E+/1CVDAE'o@A?BC-.¦'4Rh.59A*_(52)0%*_.dnO'®;:2)(/1(3F)*=C].5'8E(Q1*b24@A(%.+'®2(Cb2)Q12)E=^[nW9A*-E+*=2)(#.59B*
K8*-'803*].5E/1ChDAE'o@A?BC-.')RN.dnO'#@A/´È*-E+*-7Y.;:2)(/1(`F8*-C-.+'8E+(Q1*b24@A(I.+'#27A*]n³*=7U.5/´.dT8^ÀnW9A/1C9_/1(`C=2)Q1Q6*=@_2
= )]dj]L¯`9A/6(;B/6F8*-C-.+'8EµE+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.5(.59A*G(?A;A(+DA2)C=*4^)(+DA2)7A7A*-@;UTh.59A*-(+*G.dn'WF8*-C-.+'8E+(-LGri*-'80%*-.5E/1C
2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)(C=2)7®;J*#*]foDAE*=((+*=@Á'87Å.+9A*¦;:2)(/1(q')R¢)UH+] 1]#]:]L HCb2)Q12)E+(2)E+*¦'4RWK8E52)@B*#c=*-E+'A^
F8*-C-.+'8E+(q')RK)E52)@A*'87B*)^;A/6F)*=C-.+'8E+(')RK8E52)@B*.dnO'A^*-.+C)L%² Q6/17A*=2)EC=')0±;A/17A24.5/6'87ª')R[*-Q1*-03*-7Y.+(i')R
@A/´È*-E+*=7U.IK8E+2)@A*=(W/6(`Cb2)Q6Q1*=@20±?AQ´.5/´F8*=C].5'8<E ; 2)7A@VCb247V;J*i*]foDAE*=(+(*=@Ç2)(

; = ;BA)% « ¥HL ¥8¬
% >?(@
nW9A*-E+*.59B*h'8D*-E524.+'8E 2 A)%e@A*=7A'4.5*=([.+9A*DAE'j\*=C].5/6'87')R2±K8*-7A*=E+2)Q0±?BQ6.5/´F8*-C-.5')EO.5'±.+9A**-7Y.+/6.+/1*=(')R
K8E+2)@AC * /+L²©0±?AQ´.5/6F)*=C]@ .5'8Eh')RK8E524@A*//6(hCb2)Q6Q1*-@247D/Sa]= ÚH%/´RO/´.iCb2)7t;J*nWE/6..5*=72)(h.59B*%')?B.5*-E
DAE'8@A?AC].'4ER /£F8*-C-.+'8E+(-LO²»;AQ12)@A* " ')RK8E+2)@AF* /£Cb2)7V;J*inWE/6..5*=7_2)( "HG % I>L
¯`9A*/17A7A*-E )« J ¬[2)7A@V'8?B.5*-E L« K ¬DAE+'H@A?AC].I')R.dnO'3F)*=C].5'8E8( M N OAOP[24E+*i@A*-mA7A*=@Â2)(
@
T «M
x ¥ N N M[¬ M K N x ¥ N 4 N M`¬ 2
M JN
T «M « ¥HL Ü¬
Ê*-E+*4^RQ M J N M /6(`2±(+C=2)QP2)E-ônW9A/6C9/1([')RK8E+2)@A*c-*=E' « /!L *)L´^?Q OA
¬2)7A@ # M K N
/1(W2l;A/´F8*-C-.5')E « /!L *)L´^ # S A
T¬]L @
¯`9A*±/67A7A*=EIDAE'o@A?BC-.'4@ R<2 ad;AQ12)@AF* MUP K 222 K MSnW/6.+9°2WV-a
;AQP2)@B* N P K 222 K NX /1(I@A*-m:7B*=@
E+*-C=?AE(+/´F8*=Q´TV2)(
« MYP K 222 K MS¬ JH« N P K 222 K NX ¬ [Z «+« MY« MYP P K K 222232 2 K K MSMg_R¬ P>¬ J N JH« PMS¬ JH« JUN « NT PK K 2222 2K 2 K N\NX ¬ X ¬¬ /6/6RR ^ ] V
^` V
« ¥HL Ì ¬

nW/6.+9

« MUP K 222 K MS¬ J N P = « 4 T ¬ _ % MUP
K 2232 K M% _RP K« M% J N P+¬ K MS% P K 222 K MS « ¥HL ¬
% > P
X
M JH« N P K 222 K NX ¬ = « 4 T ¬ % _RP N P K 2322 K N % _RP K« MS J N %¬ K N % P K 2232 K NX 2 « ¥HL U¬
% > P
`¯ 9A*±RS'8Q6Q1'nW/17BK3*gfA2403DAQ6*/6Q1Q1?B(.5E+24.5*-(I.+9A*±@A*]m:7A/´.5/1')7°')R£.59B*l/17A7A*-E,DAE'o@B?AC-.=L3µ*].h{?P { T YT
.59B*=7
?{ P JH« ?{ P K { Tg¬ « ?{ P J ?{ P+¬ K { T 4 ?{ P K« R{ P J { Tg¬ { T 2
¯`9A*t;AQP24@A*=(')R9A/1K89B*=(.VK8E+2)@A*t2)E* Àad;AQ12)@A*=(-^,C=2)Q1Q6*=@: AH+) ´)5]LÃk:'8E7A'87oa
@A*=K)*=7A*-E524.+*
K8*-'803*].5E/1Ch2)Q6K8*=;BE52)(-^B.59A*-E+**]fo/1(>.W.dn'%?A7A/Ý. Jad;BQP2)@A*-(=ÂC=2)Q1Q6*=@.59B* H:: AH+) ´)5NL
¯`9A*#! A) ')RN2 ad;BQP2)@A*
/1(`@A*]m:7A*=@Â2)(
x _RP 2 « ¥HL u ¬
¯`9A*`@A?A2)QB')R2 ad;AQ12)@A*</1(£2 « 4 ¬da
;AQP2)@B*)L¯`9A*h5 )]" G X I ')RJF2 V-ad;BQP2)@A* " G X I P K 222 K \ X
/1(`@B*-m:7A*-@°2)(`.+9A*iE+*-F)*=E(+*')?B.5*-E`DAE+'H@A?AC].'4R.+9A*hF8*=C].5'8E( %d^
" GX I \ X K \ X _RP K 222 K T K P 2 « ¥HL ( ¬
k:'8E`QP24.+*=E`C-'803DB?B.24.+/1'87B([n*2)Q6(+'?A(+*i.59B*C-'80%0±?B.2j.5'8E[DBE+'H@A?AC-. 2)7B@.+9A*q2)7U.5/1C-'80%0±?oa
.2j.5'8E`DAE'o@B?AC-. ¿RS'8EW2)7UT¦.dnO'%0±?AQ6.+/6F)*=C-.+'8E+(-^
!" $#%&(') *&+,* .-
0/21
¸*C=/´.5*,s ¨)¨ w RS'8E.+9A*?B(+*[')RB.59A*OC='80%0±?B.524.5'8E2)7B@±2)7U.5/6C='80%0±?B.524.5')EDBE+'H@A?AC-.=L [24(+/1C=2)Q1Q´T8^.59B*=/1E
E+')Q1*,/6(.5'(+*=DA2)E524.+*.59A*,(TH030%*-.+E+/6C,D:2)E>.`')Rµ.59B*K8*=')03*].5E+/6C,DAE'o@B?AC-.[RSE'80©.59A*h247Y.+/1(>To0%0%*-.5E/1C
D:2)E>.bL
¸*<?A(*<.+9A*GC='87BRS')E+032)Q8K8*-'803*].5E/1CG2)Q6K8*=;AE+2[RS'8E@A*b24Q1/17BK[nW/6.59i.59B*<DJ'8(*O*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7hDAE+'8;BQ1*=0VL
¯`9A*-E+*-RS')E+*)^:nO*i7A'n³K8/6F)*i2%;BE+/1*]R/17U.5E'o@A?BC-.5/6'87/17U.5'±.+9A/1(WD:24E.5/6C=?AQ12)EK)*='80%*-.+E+/1Ci24Q1K8*-;AE52BL
43 5 %76 () ' " [ F(+*,# '!#" %$&( '
T
¯`9A/6(24Q1K8*-;AE52l9:2)(W;J*=*-7Â@A*-(+/1K)7A*=@VRS'8E`@A*b24Q1/17BKnW/´.59(.+*=E*='8K8E+2)DA9A/6CiDAE+'j\*-C-.+/1'87A(-LÊI/1(>.5'8E/1Cb24Q1Q6T)^
(.+*=E*='8K8E+2)DA9A/6C`DAE+'v\*=C-.+/1'87B(£9:2bF8*W;*-*=7DAE'8D')(+*=@lRS'8E À24.G032)DA(~')RÀ.+9A*`*b2)E>.59eLN²(.+*=E+*-'8K8E+2)DA9A/6C
DAE'j\*=C].5/1')7/6(Fo/6(+?:24Q1/1c-*=@Ç/17tkN/6K8?AE*¨RS'8E.+9A* T §ÃC=2)(+* x ÊI*=E*)^µ.59A* + *b2)E>.59 +/6(q2.5E+2)7A(D:2)E+*-7U.
C=/6E+C-Q1*)^H/17U.+*=E+(*=C].5*=@V'87#.+9A*h*=pY?:2j.5'8E[;UT¦2)7938 B)¡jg) ]L I'n/60#24K8/17A*I2±Q6/1K89U.O;A?AQ1;2j..59B*
jgS%:j 1:i^nW9A/6C9°(+9A/67A*=(.59AE'8?AK89V.59A*±C-/1EC=Q1*4JL
<24C9°D')/17U.,')7Â.59A*qC=/6E+C=Q6*qC=2)(.+(h23(9:2)@A'n
'87V.59A*q*=pY?:24.+'8E+/12)QµQ1/17B*q247A@_.+9:24./1(WnW9A*=E*/6./1(W@AE+2bnW7°'87Â.+9A*q032)DeL I2bT.59A*-'8E+*-03(IQ1*=2)@_.+'
.59B*RS'8Q6Q1'nW/17BKRS'8E+0?AQP2)( « RS'8E[.59B* T §»Cb24(+*¬[RS'8EWDAE'j\*=C].5/17BK32DJ'8/17U.I'87_2?B7A/6.IC=/6E+C-Q1*i2)7A@FH/1C-*
F8*-E+(+2 x ²³DJ'8/67Y.<;>=J'87.59B*C-/1EC=Q1*h/6(`K8/6F)*=7V;UT/6.+(W2)7AK8Q6F* Q x
; = UR{ P @? { C=')( « QN¬>?{ P (+/67 « QN¬>{ 2 « ¥oL T U¬
u
e+
a x’
b
α
y x e1
y’
kN/6K8?AE+*i¨ x 6/ (+?:2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87q'4RJ2,(.+*=E+*-'8K8E+2)DA9A/6C[DAE+'v\*=C-.+/1'87qRS'8EN.59B* T §Cb24(+* x &'8/67U.5(~'87q.59A*[C-/1EC=Q1*

s
2)E+*iDAE'j\*=C].5*-@_'87U.+'%.+9A*iQ1/17B*'8E[FH/1C-*iF)*=E(52BL
¯`9A*D')/17U.`'87.59A*iQ6/17A*,.+9A*=7V9:2)(`.+9A*iC='H'8E+@A/67:24.+*=(
; C-'8( « Q~¬ {?P ){ 2 « ¥oL T#T ¬
T 4 (/17 « Q~¬
¯'3DAE'j\*=C].2DJ'8/67Y. ÀR{ P « M I¬`')7Y.+'l.59A*iC=/6E+C-Q1*)ô.59A*hRS'8Q6Q1'nW/17AK*=pY?:24.+/1'87A(I2)E*F42)Q1/6@ts Ü¥ w ^
T T
; = U{?P ? { T ¥ J
{T ?P T J4 { 2
T « ¥oL T ¥8¬
I(+/17BK39A')03'8K)*=7A*-'8?A(IC='H'8E+@A/67:24.+*=( « /yL *4L6^:nO*2)Q6Q1'n³247Â2)@B@A/6.+/1'87:24Qe;:2)(/1(WF8*=C].5'8EI{¬]^:.59B*.+9AE+*-*
;:2)(/1(WF8*-C-.5')E+(?{ Pg^J{ 2)7A@Â{ª2)E+*7A'n»(+DA2)7A7A/67AK3.+9A*C-'87A(+/6@A*=E*=@°9B'803')K8*=7A*-'8?A(I03'H@A*-Q')R~.59B*
C=')7BRS'8E+032)Qe(D:2)C-*)L¯`9B/1(IQ1*b24@A(`.5'%2%9B'803')K8*=7A*-'8?A(WE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87Â'4RN.59B*qDJ'8/17U.W'87.59B*C-/1EC=Q1*
2)(
; = À?{ P ¥ T T 4 T
{ T T JT { 2 « ¥oL T Ü¬
¥
'4.5*¦.59A24.l.59A/6(l/1(l/67¾R24C-.%2ª@A'8?A;BQ1*]a
9A'80%'8K8*-7A*='8?B(±E+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.524.5/6'87ÁnW/´.59¾{247A@¾{ 2)(l.dnO'
9A'80%'8K8*-7A*=')?A(;:2)(+/6(VF)*=C].5'8E(=LMd7 s ¥ ujw ^,{/1T (@A*]m:7A*-@.5'Á9:2bF8*2Á7B*=KU24.+/6F)*t(/1K87A24.5 ?AE*)^h247A@
.59B*=E+*]RS'8E+*{¾/6(±E+*-DAQP2)C-*=@®nW/6.+9®?{ _µ^~nW9A*=E*{ _ 4 T L
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7®D')/17U.5(-^£(.5*-E+*-'8K8E524DA9A/1C=2)Q1Q´T
DAE'j\*=C].5*=@Ç'87U.+'¦.59A*±?B7A/6.,C=/1EC=Q6*/17°kN/1K8?BE+* Ì ê2)E*±?A7A/´.DJ'8/17U.5(2)7A@°.59B*=7ªE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.+*=@t;UTÂ.59B*
(+*].')R[7Y?AQ6QNF8*-C-.5')E+(/17ª.59A*7A*]n (+DA2)C=*4L3²
£?AC-Q1/1@B*b2)7ÇDJ'8/17U.i/1(h032)DADJ*=@t/17U.+'¦.59A*%C='87oRS'8E+032)Q
(+DA2)C=*;UT
; ; = U?{ P ? { ?{ _ nW/´.59 « ; = ¬ T T @? T 4 T 2
« ¥oL T Ì ¬
¯`9A*tC='H'8E+@B/17:24.+*=( « ? ¬2)E*ª.59A*tC='H'8E+@B/17:24.+*=(')R2¾D'8/67U.'87Ä.+9A*Ç?A7A/´.C=/1EC=Q6*)L ').+*ª.59:24.
*b24C9ªD'8/67U./67
£?AC-Q1/1@B*b2)7_(+D:2)C-*±/1(IE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.+*=@Ç;UT_23Q1/67A*')R£7Y?AQ1QF)*=C-.+'8E+(,/17_.+9A*7B*-n»(+DA2)C=*4^
nW9A/6C9Å2)E*%.+9A*#(Cb2)Q6*=@F)*=E(+/1')7A(q'4R[.59A*%7Y?AQ1Q£F)*=C-.+'8E')7t.+9A*#?A7B/6.C=/6E+C=Q6*)L3¯`9A/1(9A'80%'8K8*-7A*='8?B(
E+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87')R2DJ'8/17U./1(?B(+*=@V2)(G:j:O/67¦C=')7BRS'8E+032)QJK8*=')03*].5E+/6C,24Q1K8*-;AE52 « (+*-*ikN/1K)?AE+* Ì ¬]L
Z?AE£;AE+/6*-R/17U.5E'o@B?AC-.+/1'87±/67U.5' `ri²RS')Q1Q1'nW([s ¥ uvw LN¸*`(.52)E.£nW/´.59%2 ° UjN jYJ ´)]^ *P PgL
M
.5(`F)*=C-.+'8EI(+D:2)C-*qM P P 9:2)(`.+9A*i'8E.+9A'87A'8E0#24Q;:2)(/1( Xv{ { _ YY^:@B*-m:7A*-@Â;UT¦.+9A*iDAE+'8DJ*=E>.5/6*=(
{ T T { T_ 4 T { J R{ _ 2 « ¥oL T ¬
(
n
x’
a
x
b
α
e+ e−
e1
kN/6K8?AE+* Ì x 6/ (+?:2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87')R~.59B*9A'80%'8K8*-7A*=')?A(0%'H@A*=QRS'8EI(.+*=E+*-'8K8E+2)DA9A/6CDAE'j\*=C].5/1')7A(RS'8EW.59B*
T § C=2)(+*4LW²,Q1Q(>.5*-E+*=')K8E52)DB9A/1C=2)Q1Q´TDAE+'v\*=C-.+*=@°DJ'8/67Y.+(Q6/1*h'87Â23C-'87A*)^ÀnW9A/6C9°/1(I237Y?AQ6Qá
C='87B*/17.59B * _/67AX)'nW(+XY/(+D:2)C-*)UL '4.5*i.59:24./17VC=')03D:24E+/1('87.5'¦k/1K8?AE*¨B^:.59A*C='H'8E>a
@A/17A24.5*i2jfo*-(,2)E*hE+').524.5*-@Â247A@@AE52bnW7ÂDJ*=E(+DJ*=C].5/6F)*=Q´T8L
Md7_2)@A@A/´.5/1')7eÂ2RH j]1Cb2)7V7A'n ;J*i/17U.5E'o@A?BC=*=@V;UT¦.59B*iF)*=C].5'8E(
{ x ¥T « {?_ 4 { ¬ 2)7B@ { x {?_ { 2 « ¥oL T U¬
¸*V?B(+*.59A*-(+*.dn'2)@A@B/6.5/6'87:2)Q<;:2)(/1(±F)*=C-.+'8E+(.5'Ç@A*]m:7A*.59B*VC-'87BRS'8E0#24QK8*-'803*].5E/1C2)Q6K8*=;AE+2B^
PgêRS')E,.59A*¨)§©C=2)(+*4L±¯`9A*%2)Q6K8*=;AE+$ 2 PC=')7Y.52)/17B(¥ Ü¥#*=Q6*=0%*=7U.5(-Lq¸*lRS?AE.+9A*=Eh@A*-7A').+*
.59B*C-'87BRS'8E0#24Qe?A7A/´.WDA(+*-?A@A'8(Cb2)Q12)EI2)(
{ _RP T
{ P T 2 « ¥oL Tvu ¬
¯`9A*D')/17U.5( ; ')R.+9A* `ri²º2)E*hE+*-QP24.+*=@.5'%D')/17U.5( ;Á')R.+9A*
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7(+D:2)C-*q;UT
; ;
T; T { { 2 « ¥oL T)( ¬
¥
~F42)Q1?:2j.5/17BK ; Q1*=2)@A([.+'
; ;
T ; T{ {
¥
;
T ; T «{ {?_¬
T « {?_ 4 { ¬
¥ ¥
; ; 4
T T T ;
T T T
« ¥oL T U¬

¥ ¥ { ¥ ¥ {?_ 2
¯`9A/6(q/6(q*gfA24C-.5Q´Tª.59A*39A'80%'8K8*-7A*='8?B(qE*=DAE*=(+*-7U.24.+/1'87Å'4RW2V(>.5*-E+*=')K8E52)DB9A/1C=2)Q1Q´TªDAE+'v\*=C-.+*=@ÅDJ'8/67Y.
'87U.5'Å.+9A*ªC=/6E+C-Q1*)^WK8/´F8*-7 /17 *=pY?:2j.5/1')7 « ¥oL T Ü¬lRS'8E#.59B* T § Cb2)(*)Lº² D')/17U.¦E*=DAE*=(+*-7U.24.+/1'87¹/1(

G7U.+/6.dT I*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87 rhE524@A* §?A2)QeE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87 riE+2)@A*
oDA9A*-E+*
TP « T 4 T ¬¡{ { T K K K Ì
&'8/67Y. ; ; TP ; T { { T ; «4
; 4 T
P; T{
{ ]¬ Ì
&GQ12)7A*
:< 4 { T
{ K K K Ì
µ/67A*
{ ¥ { K K ¨
/1E+C-Q1* ?P K T ¥ K K ¨
&'8/67Y.&2)/1E

P K T K ¨

K ^ { K ; ¥
¯N24;AQ1*¥ x s ¥ uvw
£7Y.+/6.+/1*=(I2)7B@.+9A*=/6E`@A?:2)QE*=DAE*=(*=7U.24.+/1'87B(/67 `rh²L
+( 9B'8E.+*=EnWE/6.+.+*=7/´Rµ?A(+/67AK Xv{ { AYYô/17A(>.5*b24@')R2Xv{ {?_ YYL£²,Q6K8*=;BE52)( PO2)7A@ `Cb2)7;J*?A(*=@
.5'E*=DAE*=(+*-7U.,.59B*DBE+'j\*-C-.5/´F8*2)7A@
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7(+D:24C=*À(*=*#s T)( ^J¥ T-w L
¸*i9:2bF)*
P P 2 « ¥oL ¥ U¬
M
.lRS'8Q6Q1'nW(.59A24.;'4.59Á2)Q1K)*=;AE+2)( « /yL *4L6^£RS'8E±.+9A*DAE+'j\*-C-.+/6F8*V2)7B@
£?AC-Q1/6@A*b2)7¾(D:2)C=*b¬±C='87A(>.5/´.5?B.+*
(+?B;A(+D:24C=*=(')Re.59B* `rh²LYM
.[/6(GD'8((+/6;AQ1*`.5'q?A(+*'8DJ*=E52j.5'8E(<.+'qE*=QP2j.5*W.59A*I@A/6È*=E*=7U.2)Q1K8*-;AE524(O247A@
.5'WK8?A2)E52)7U.+*=*£.59A*G032)DADA/67AK`;J*-.dnO*=*=7.59A*<2)Q6K8*=;BE52)/6CNDAE'8D*-E.+/1*=(Os ¨ ^v¨ Ì w L¯`9A/6(µE+*=Q124.5/6'87;A?B/1Q1@B(µ2
(.+E524.+/6m:C=24.5/6'87±9A/6*=E+2)E+C9UT8^YC-'87U.2)/67A/17AK.+9A*
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7e^8DBE+'j\*-C-.5/´F8*I2)7A@C-'87BRS'8E0#2)Qo(+D:24C=*)ÛnW9A/6C9
/1(N@A/6È*=E*=7U.~.5'ikÀ2)?BK8*=E+2)( +4(.5E+24.5/´m:Cb2j.5/1')7±9A/1*-E52)EC9UTs T ¨ w ÛC='87U.24/17A/67AK,.59B*
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7e^Y2 %7A*`247A@
DAE'j\*=C].5/6F)*q(D:2)C-*)L
o/17BC=*nO*h7A'n9:2bF)*.59A*h;:24(+/1C,E+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.2j.5/1')7')R2±D'8/67U.[/17 `ri²q^Bn*i24E+*h2);BQ1*.+'l@A*-mA7A*
').+9A*=E*=7U.5/´.5/1*-(,;:24(+*=@ª')7Â.59A/6(,DJ'8/17U.E+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.524.5/6'87eL¯`9A**=7U.5/´.5/1*-(,247A@Â.59B*=/1E@A?:2)QE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7oa
.2j.5/1')72)E*#(?A03032)E/1c=*-@/67¯2);AQ6*¦¥oL²(/6.C=2)7Å;J*3(*=*=7^£/6./1(D')(+(+/6;AQ1*.5'_*]foDAE*=(+(lDJ'8/67Y.+(=^
Q1/67A*=(-^:DAQP247A*=(-^:C=/1EC=Q6*=(=^:(DA9A*-E+*=(,2)7A@VD')/17U.ID:2)/1E(`/17.59B/1(I2)Q1K)*=;AE+2BL µ/67A*=(I2)E*qK)/6F8*-7_/67V&G Q ?A CX)*-E
RS'8E0 « @A/6E+*=C].5/6'87 2)7B@¦03')03*-7Y. ¬]Â247A@#DAQ12)7A*-([2)E*K8/´F8*-7¦/17#Ê*=((+/12)7#RS'8E0 « 7A'8E0#24Q :¹247A@
@A/6(.247AC=* ¬]L
¯`9A*=E*P *gfoT /1(.@B/6È*=E+*-7U._E*=DAE*=(*=7U.24.+/1'87B(V'4RDJ'8/17U.+(¦/17 `rh²L[² DJ'8/17U.C=2)7Ä;*ªK8/´F8*-724(
; ; T ; { { L£¯`9A/1(OCb2)7;J*(+*-*=7V2)(2(+DA9B*=E+*nW/´.59¦E+2)@A/6?A(c-*=E+'BL<²D')/17U.[/6([2)Q6(+'K)/6F8*-7
2)( { K ; { ;[ÂnW9A/6C9/1(W2lD')/17U.`D:2)/6E[/17UF)'8Q6FH/17BKl'87A*iD')/17U.W24.W/67Bm:7A/´.dT8^:2)7B@.+9A/1(
/1(GC=2)Q1Q6*=@l.59A*q -Á5dJ]:!)!j¦')R2iDJ'8/17U.s ¥ ujw L£k:'8E£D')(+*I*=(.+/10324.5/6'87±nO*InO'8E+X±nW/´.59%@A?:2)Q
E+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87V')R~DJ'8/17U.+(=ÂQ6/17A*-(W2)7A@DAQP247A*=(I2)(< j^ i247A @
jL
!#" $&%('*)+%,.-0/21435,6/7'98:)+%,.-0/;3=<>%('28
Md7 ` ri²q^À2)7UTC='87oRS'8E+032)Q.+E52)7A(>RS'8E+0324.+/1'87¦C=2)7V;*i*]foDAE*=((+*=@°2)(`F8*=E(+'8EWDAE'o@B?AC-.I')R.59A*hRS'8E0
? ; = @ ; @ _RP « ¥oL ¥ T ¬
nW9A*-E+* @ /6(£Cb2)Q6Q1*=@±2,F8*=E(+'8E<2)7B@ ? 2(Cb2)Q12)E=L¯N2);BQ1*`¨h(+?B03032)E+/6c=*-(.59B*IC-'87BRS'8E0#24QH.+E52)7A(>RS'8E+032ja
.5/6'87A(-L£¯`9A*,m:E(.WC=')Q1?A0%7¦(+9B'vnW(`.+9A*,.dTHD*h'4R')D*-E524.+/1'873D*-ERS'8E03*-@¦nW/6.593.59A*F)*=E+('8E`DAE'o@A?BC-.bL
¯`9A*q(+*=C-'87A@ªC-'8Q1?A0%7Â(9A'nW(h2)(I*]fB2)0%DAQ1*i.59B*E+*-(+?AQ´.')R£2%.5E+2)7A(>RS'8E+0324.5/6'87V2)C-.+/17AK3'87°2%D')/17U.bL
¯`9A*.59A/6E+@VC='8Q6?A037V(+9B'vnW(.59A*iF8*-E+(+')EnW9A/6C9°9:2)(W.5'3;*q2)DADAQ6/1*-@_247A@Â.59B*qQ12)(.IC=')Q1?A0%7_(9A'nW(
.59B*(+C=2)Q1/67AKD:2)E+2)03*].5*-E ? nW9A/1C9_/1( « (+')03*].5/10%*=(5¬[7A*=*-@A*=@°.+'3E*=(+?BQ6./17_239A'80%'8K8*-7A*=')?A(DJ'8/67Y.
2)7A@.5'*-7A(+?AE*.+9A*i(+C=2)Q1/67AK ; = J { ; J { 4 T L
T
¯GToDJ* @ « ;<¬'87_M *-E+(+')EI/67 P P ?
W*A*=C-.+/1'87 :4 ; : ¥ : : { T T
Md7YF)*=E(+/1')7 ; _ _RP 4 T { P T ; _

I').524.5/6'87 .; *]foD 4
T : T
TS T { T TT
¯E+2)7A(+Q124.5/6'87 ; 4 P
T P { T 4 ¥ J ;_RP ;
¯E52)7A(>F8*-E+(+/6'87 ; _ ;
;
§/1QP2j.5/1')7

; *]foD « 4 T « Q67 ¬¬
Md7UF)'8Q1?B.+/1'87 ; 4 ; 4 T
¯N24;AQ1*¨ x s ¥ ujw ¯N2);BQ1*h')RNC=8' 7BRS')E+032)Q.+E52)7A(>RS'8E+0324.+/1'87A(-ôF)*=E+('8E+(2)7A@V(+C=2)Q1/67AKlD:2)E+2)0%*-.5*-E+(-L
¯ '3*]foDAE*=(+(I.59A*DJ'8(+**=(>.5/10324.+/1'87DAE'8;AQ6*=0V^Bn*7A*-*=@ª2lF8*-E+(+')EI.+'3*gfBDBE+*=((.+9A*qE/1K8/6@;'H@BT
0%').5/6'87eLÇ²,(l0%*=7U.5/6'87A*-@ÁDBE+*-FH/6'8?A(+Q´T8^<2°E+/6K8/1@;'H@BTÅ0%').+/1'87C='8EE+*=(D')7A@A(l.5'ª.59B*.
G?BC=Q1/6@A*b247
.5E+2)7A(>RS'8E+0324.5/6'87K)E+'8?AD /21 « Ü¬gLª²,Q6.+9A'8?AK)9Å;*-/17AK°2Â.5E5247A(RS'8E0#2j.5/1')7;UTÅ/´.5(*=Q6R¡^N/6.±(?A;A(?A03*-(
E+'4.24.+/1'87l247A@%.+E52)7B(+QP2j.5/1')7eLµ¯`9A*WE+').524.5/6'87l')R2)7*=7U.5/´.dTlCb247%;J*`DJ*=ERS')E+0%*=@,\?A(.G;UTl0?AQ6.+/1DAQ´To/67AK
.59B*h*=7U.5/´.dT#RSE+')0Ã.+9A*hQ1*]R.nW/6.+92±E+').+'8E PA
TbÂ2)7A@¦RSE+')0Ã.+9A*hE+/6K89U.[nW/6.+9/6.5(E+*-F)*=E(+* ÇL
k:'8E`*]fB2)0%DAQ6*)^:2lE+'4.24.+/1'87')RN2D'8/67U.`Cb2)7V;J*i@ nWE/6..5*=7V2)(
; = %; 2 « ¥oL ¥8¥8¬
¯`9A*E+').+'8E /6(`K8/6F)*=7_2)(
*gfBD : -
C 8
' ( :
_ +
( 6
/ 7 2
4 ¥

¥ 4 ¥ « ¥oL ¥)Ü¬
Ê*-E+*4^ :/6(`2±?A7A/´.[;A/´F8*=C].5'8EÈ*=DAE*=(*=7U.5/67AKl.59A*hDAQ12)7A*'4RE').2j.5/1')7 « /´.5([@B?:2)Q : C=')E+E+*-(+DJ'87A@A(`.+'
.59B*E+').524.5/6'8732jfo/1(¬g^B247A@ M ¹E+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.+(W.+9A*2403'8?B7Y.O')RµE').24.+/1'87LN¯`9A*7B*=KU24.+/6F)*F42)Q1?B* 4
/173.59A*E').5')E/1(?A(+*-@.+'±KU2)/672C-'8?A7U.5*-E+C=Q6'oCXUnW/6(+*hE+'4.24.+/1'87247A@#.59B*=E+*]nW/6.+9_2q0#24.+9A*=0324.+/1Cb24Q1Q6T
DJ'8(+/´.5/6F)*hE+').524.5/6'87eL
¯'q.5E5247A(+Q124.5*,2)7¦*=7U.+/6.dTnW/6.+9¦E+*-(+DJ*=C-..5'l2i.5E5247A(+Q124.5/6'873F)*=C-.+'8E AOP]ô/´./6(DJ'8(+(/1;AQ6*I.+'
?A(*2+)B] ´)djg^ P
A)Tb^ @
@
{ {
TS ¥ *]foD ¥ 2 « ¥oL ¥ Ì ¬
o/603/6QP2)EN.+'±2E').2j.5/1')7e^Y2)7¦*-7Y.+/6.dT%Cb247¦;*I.5E+2)7A(+Q124.5*-@#;UT%0±?AQ´.5/1DBQ6TH/17AKh.+9A*,*-7Y.+/6.dTRSE+')0É.59A*Q1*-R.
nW/6.+9#.59B*,.5E+2)7A(+Q124.5')E 2)7B@/6.5(OE+*]F8*=E(+ * RSE'80Ã.+9A*E/1K89U.bLN¯'±*gfoDAE+*-(+(I2E+/6K8/1@3;'H@BT%0%').5/6'87e^
.59B*#C=')7A(+*-C=?B.+/6F8*¦2)DADAQ6/1Cb2j.5/1')7t'4RW2ÂE+'4.5'8Eq2)7A@t.5E5247A(+Q124.5'8EiC=2)7Å;J*3nWE+/´.+.+*=7Å24(q.59B*=/1EDAE'o@A?BC-.bL
o?AC9Â2)7'8DJ*=E52j.5'8E`/6(W2%(D*-C=/P24Qe*-F)*=7ÂK)E52)@A*i0±?BQ6.5/´F8*-C-.5')E=ÂC=2)Q1Q6*=@2#j¡jgL
²0%').5'8E/17 `ri²C=2)7®2)Q6(+'°;J*¦@A*]m:7A*-@Á;UT(+'4a
Cb2)Q6Q1*-@¿£1]S]Lª¯`9A*#/1@A*=2Â/1(.5'°/67Y.+*=EDAE+*].
2ª03'4.5'8El24(2)7¾*=Q1*-03*-7U.')R.+9A. * /1*K8E'8?AD¾')RE+/6K8/1@Å;J'H@BTÅ0%').5/6'87®2)7B@¾.+'ÇC='87A(>.5E?AC-.%/6.;UT
*]foDJ'87A*-7Y.+/P24.+/1'87Ç')RO/6.+(iK8*=7A*-E524.+'8Ei2)(D 2 µ/6*2)Q1K)*=;AE+2¦*=Q1*-03*-7U.bLMd7tR24C-.b^.+9A*03*-7Y.+/1'87B*=@ª.dnW/1(>.
/1(i.59B*#K8*-7A*=E+24.5'8E')R`.+9A*30%').+'8E=LM
./1(in*-Q1Q<XH7B'vnW7^N.59:2j.±*-F)*=E>TE/1K8/6@;J'o@oTÇ03').+/1'87tCb247;J* P
*]foDAE*=((+*=@Á2)(q2V.dnW/6(.q'8Ei(+C-E+*-nÃ0%').5/6'87¼s ¨ T-w ^nW9A/6C9/1(q2E+').524.5/6'8724E+'8?A7B@Å2Q1/17B*%/67(D:2)C-*
"!$#&%('*),+.-0/ 1&'32546+7)84:9;'*<:9=+>#'*<?<6/A@8'>BDCFEGCFHJI*KLHJM*NOI*NQPRM*E$S
T#T
C=')0±;A/17B*=@3nW/´.592i.5E+2)7A(+Q124.5/6'8732)Q1'87BK.+9A/1(<Q1/67A*)L~Md7 `ri²qô/´./6(ODJ'8((+/1;BQ1*W.5'?B(+*,.+9A*,E').5'8E(247A@
.5E+2)7A(QP24.+'8E+(£.5'*]foDAE*=(((+C-E+*]n¹03').+/1'87B(£/17(+D:24C=*)LG²¹(+C-E+*]n¹03').+/1'87l/6(G@A*-m:7B*=@¦;UT%2)732jfo/1( ^H2
DA/´.5C
9 ¦2)7A@32032)K87A/´.5?A@B* L~¯`9A*`Jd#'4R.+9A*(C=E*-n¹/1(£.+9A*WE524.+/1'i')R.+E52)7B(+QP2j.5/1')7±.5'E+').524.5/6'87e^
x « M h^ 7 U¬gLM
R ^:.59B*=7_.+9A*C='8EE+*=(D')7A@A/17BK#(+C-E+*]n»03').+/1'87C-'87A(+/6(.+(,')R~2
DA?AE*h.5 E5247A(+Q124.5/6'872)Q1')7AK±.59A*2jfo/6(`')RN.+9A*i(+C=E*-niL<¯`9A*iE+*-(+?AQ´.5/17BK%0%').+'8E.24X)*=(W.59B*iRS')E+0
; *]foD « {³¬ 2 « ¥oL ¥ ¬
4 ¥
¯`9A *ª;A/´F8*-C-.5')E 4 T « {7 ¬3/67.59A*Â*]foD')7A*=7U.V/1(#2.dnW/1(.=L ¯`9B*°F8*=C].5'8E /1(¦2F)*=C].5'8E/67
M ^:nW9A/1C9ÂCb2)7_;*@A*=C-'80%D'8(*=@°/67U.5'32)7Â'8E>.59A')K8'87:2)Qµ247A@ÂD:24E52)Q6Q1*=QDA2)E.InW/6.+9_E*=(+DJ*=C].,.+'3.59B*
E+'4.24.+/1'872jfo/6( : L

_:{ [<B µ^ { 88J} ! O KM<H9À{H K{U Oj 8N<B9À{ O <.<B9 9S >36)>h 88 6[@9S{ @OvF P-Q{ 8)S RJ{
À{Y K{Y O3 Iey}µL{ KM<Bv 8!> :6{Á >5:µ 6)9{ K À{H}{Y 6)>Ov={ @)OvL{ >={H} <BJ!}
<:} :¼ <H9;9S >h5 OvL{ @OvL{ >={H}"
# µ={ Ol O :µ={ O%{H}SvSL{ > <:)} :® µ{H O± O <:} >$
O KM<BJ} >)& %g
>l' ={ Ov{
Oj(
{ ±L{ 9 9> 6SbQ{ :)
O^K :µL{ 9y} t µ{ @£ >=5 { @Ov 9SL{ K+*
,-.J0/tq 8, µ"!#" ) 21Â± µ 33 !#"
Md7®.59A/6(D:24E.±nO*/17U.5E'o@B?AC=*¦DJ'8(**=(.+/10324.5/6'87Å24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A03(hnW9A/6C9¾E+*=Q´T')7®@A/6È*=E*=7U.lXY/17A@B(l')R
'8;H\*-C-.E+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.2j.5/1')7A(=LV¸*%(.52)E.qnW/6.592_(/10%DAQ1*C=')E+7A*-E'8EQ1/67A*;:2)(+*-@®'87A*32)7A@ÅC-'87U.5/67H?B*
?ADV.5'%K8*=7A*-E52)QµRSE+*-*]a!RSE+'80(?AER24C=*0%'H@A*=Q6(=L<Md7A@A*=*-@Â.59B*=E+*2)E+*(.+/1Q6Qe(+'80%*iE+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.524.5/6'87A(247A@
(+DJ*=C-/P2)QoCb2)(*=(£0%/1((+/17BKA^jnW9B/1C9l9:2bF8*`7B').~;J*=*-7%*gfoDAQ1'8/´.5*-@e^4T)*-.bL H?AC92)(+DJ*=C].5(G2)E*[D:2)E>.~')R:RS?o.5?AE*
E+*-(+*=2)E+C9Â2)7A@.59A*-E+*2)E+*i032)7UT#.+9A/17AXY(WQ1*]R.`.5'@A'VL6L´L
3 47 *;% ' %5 *;%& $&'!5 !"[ =* ' =*,%

W*=Cb24Q1Q1/67AKVkN/1K)?AE+*#¥o^nO*#9A2F)*#.59B*3RS'8Q6Q1'nW/17AKV2)((+?A0%DB.+/1'87A( x ¸*¦2)((+?A0%*3.+'Â9:2bF8*#*]fH.5E+2)C-.+*=@
¥)§Ã/1032)K8*lDJ'8/17U.5( « *)L KAL6^C='8E7A*=E(q/67247/1032)K8*')RW2Cb2)Q6/1;AE+24.5*-@tC=2)0%*=E528¬i247A@.+'_XY7A'n .59B*=/1E
C=')E+E+*-(+DJ'87A@A/67AK_¨8§ÃDJ'8/67Y.+( « *)L KAL´^µC='8E7A*=E(q')R<.59B*#2)((+?A0%*=@¨8§©'8;H\*-C-.q03'H@A*=QP¬]Ll¯'_C-'80%D:2)E+*
.59B*=(+*_RS*b24.+?AE+*-(=^`n*ÂE+*=C-'87A(>.5E+?BC-.DAE'j\*=C].5/1')7¿E52bTH(#RSE'80.59A*_/1032)K8*VD'8/67U.5(32)7A@C-QP2)/60 .59:24.
.59B*°.5E5247A(RS'8E03*-@Ä¨8§ D'8/67U.5(0±?A(>.;*ª/67AC=/6@A*=7U.nW/´.59.59B*tE*=C-'87A(.+E+?AC].5*-@E52bTH(=L ¯`9A/1(C=2)7
;J**]foDAE+*-(+(*=@/67 `ri²/67Å.59A*RS'8Q6Q1'nW/17AKVn[2bT x *-. Pq;J*2)7¾'8;H\*=C].%D'8/67U.bL¯`9B*
« ?B7AXY7A'nW7À¬`.+E52)7B(RS'8E03*-@VDJ'8/67Y.WC=2)7V;*hnWE+/´.+.+*=7V2)(
= ; ; 2 « ¨BL ¥ U¬
*-. ; YT P£;J*I2)73/60#24K8*`D')/17U.bL²ÄDBE+'j\*-C-.5/´F8*IE+*-C='87A(>.5E?AC-.+/1'873')R2iE52bTl;:24(+*=@3'873.+9A/1(£DJ'8/67Y.
Cb247_;J*hnWE+/6..5*-7_24(
6 { K87 K ; P 2 « ¨BL ¥ u ¬
¯`9A*F)*=C].5'8E 7 PW@B*=7A').+*=(,.+9A*±'8Do.5/1C=2)QµC=*-7Y.+*=Eh')RN.59A*±C=2)0%*=E52oL¯`9A/6(Q1*=2)@A(I.5'¦2#&G Q ?A CX)*-E
E+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87V')R~2lQ6/17A*K)/6F8*-7V2)(`@A/1E*=C].5/1')72)7A@V03'80%*=7U.=L (/17AKl.59B*C-'80%0±?B.2j.5'8EODAE+'H@A?AC].
n*C-'80%D:2)E+*I.59A*I.5E+2)7A(RS')E+0%*=@#');H\*=C].`D')/17U.OnW/´.59%.59A*,¨8§DAE'j\*=C].5/1')7¦E52bT8LIs ¨ w (9A'nW([.59:24.
T¥
.59B/1(~/6(~2,nO*=Q1QB(+?A/´.5*=@lC-'87A(>.5E524/17U.£*=pY?:2j.5/1')7l(+/17BC=*[/´.~*]foDAE*=((+*=(O2h¨8§ @A/6(.247AC=*[0%*b24(+?AE*[;*].dn*-*=7
.59B*3Q6/17A*2)7B@.59B*3DJ'8/17U./17¨8§±^µ2)((+9B'vnW7/17tkN/1K)?AE+* L3¯`9A*#C-'87A(.+E52)/67U.*-pH?A24.5/6'87tRS')EDJ'8(*
*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87ÅRSE'80 ¥)§ad¨8§DJ'8/17U.%C='8EE+*-(+DJ'87A@A*-7AC=*-(#Cb247¼7A'n;J**]foDAE*=(+(*=@ /67¾.+9A*RS'8Q1Q6'nW/17AK
n2T x
x1 l’
x2
x
v
r’
kN/6K8?AE+* H x ¯`9A*[C-'803DA2)E+/6(+'87q')R:.59A*¨8§Q1/67A*GnW/6.59.59A*[¨8§¿DJ'8/17U.~Q6*b2)@B(.5'I.59A*[¨8§¿DJ*=E+DJ*=7B@A/1C-?AQP2)E
*=EE+'8E[F)*=C-.+'8E=L
« «; ;¬ {
K « 7
&&
K
&
; ¬ ¬ J{ 2 « ¨BL ¥ ( ¬

" '( ) '$

!" #$ % * ')+, )"- /. # 0 !$ '$1 %

)( ( ")' 2+34! '!-25 6" #$ %879 3! ) !- . /)6( !

dM 7ª(+*-C-.5/6'87Ç¥oL T nO*lD')/17U.5*-@°'8?B..59A*q0#24.+9A*=0324.+/1Cb24Q(D:2)C-*=(/67YF)'8Q6F)*=@ª/67°D')(+*±*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7eL
! -/'! )'- .! :#27;)6<=> ?'!6<=@( !
²,Q6Q.+9A*=(*%(D:2)C-*=(iCb2)7ª;J*±.5E+2)CX)*-@;A2)CXÂ/67°.59A*2);J'F8*l*-pH?A24.5/6'87 x ¯`9B*%0324.+9A*=0324.5/6Cb2)Qµ(D:2)C=*-(
/17UF)'8Q6F)*=@V9A*=E*2)E*
«+« ; ;¬ { K« 7 K ; ¬ ¬ J { 2 « ¨BL ¥ U¬

6 &
A
B A B6B
6
A
B
A
A
6
A
6
C A
Ê*-E+*EDFD2);A;AE*-FH/P24.+*=(£J5¡b]y)GJ ´)]^GD /ÇJ5¡b]y)`dBH]^GH /¹jbbjg%) BdBH2)7A@ 1 /

ISÀ] H+)VdBH]L
#"7#" 7- ,+<O/21PM;8:3=< - /;3=<>%('% )RQ%8SMTQ9/9,+/-NM;3M ,68

JLK NM
¯`9A*¦?B7AXY7A'nW7®E+/1K)/1@t03').+/1'87Ç/6(qK8/´F8*-7®2)(±247*]foDJ'87A*-7Y.+/P2)QGRS?A7AC].5/6'87eLV¯`9A*=E*-RS'8E*)^~/´.C=2)7Å7A').
@A/6E+*=C].5Q´T¦;J*('8Q6F)*=@_/17V2l(.5E+2)/1K)9Y.RS'8En2)E@Vn2bT8LG¸*iDAE'8D')(+*h.5'%Q1/67A*b2)E/1c-*,.59A*i*-pH?A24.5/6'87A( « /yL *4L6^
nO*l?A(+*±.+9A*±.2)7BK8*=7U.5/12)Q(+D:2)C-*)ê.+9AT * /1*±24Q1K8*-;AE52U¬I2)7A@ª/´.5*=E+24.5*q.59A*±('8Q1?o.5/1')7A(=Lh¯`9A/6(hE+*-(+?AQ´.5(/67
2lK8E524@A/1*-7Y.>ad@A*-(+C-*=7U.I03*].59A'H@eL£¯`9A*
£?AC=Q6/1@A*=2)7.5E+2)7A(RS')E+0324.5/6'87¦')RN2lD'8/67U.< ,Cb24?A(+*-@Â;UT¦.59B*
0%').5'8<E ; /1(W24DADAE+'bfo/10324.+*=@/17.59B*iRS')Q1Q1'nW/67AKn2T x
; ; *]foD « 1U {VU¬ *]foD ¥ « U { WUS¬

4 ¥
T¨
«T « 1U {VU¬+¬ «NT ¥ « U { VUS¬¬
4 ¥
{ «; 4 « U J ;<¬ 4 WUS¬ 2 « ¨BL ¨
U¬
o*].+.5/67AK" x U )2 7A@ x U E+*=(?AQ6.+(W/17
; ; { « ; 4 J ; 4 ³¬ 2 « ¨BL ¨ T ¬
OT#C='80±;B/17A/67AKq.+9A/1(`24DADAE+'bfo/10324.+/1'873')Rµ.59A*h0%').5/6'873nW/´.59¦.+9A*hDAE+*]FH/1'8?A(Q6T3@A*=E/6F)*=@C='87B(.5E+2)/17U.+(
« *4L KBL6Â.+9A*iD'8/67U.adQ6/17A*C='87B(.5E+2)/17U.¬On*'8;B.52)/17
; ;

*]foD 4 « 1U { VU¬ *]foD
« U { WUS¬
¥ ¥
« { « ; 4 J ; 4 ³¬¬ 2 « ¨BL Ü¥8¬
*-Cb2)?A(*3'4RO.+9A*%2)DADAE'fo/60#24.+/1'87 « ¬gê.59A*%?A7AXY7A'nW703').+/1'87ªDA2)E52)0%*-.+*=E& ( h2)7A@ 2)E*
Q1/67A*b24E=LN¯`9B/1([*-pH?A24.5/6'87C='87U.52)/17A(O(+/ f¦?A7BXH7B'vnW7D:24E52)0%*-.+*=E+(')R.59A*,E+/1K)/1@#;J'H@BT#0%').+/1'87eÛnW9A/6C9

2)E*.59A*O.dnW/1(.GDA2)E52)0%*-.+*=E(=LN¯`9B*`Q1/17B*b2)E*=pY?:24.+/1'87B(~Cb2)7;J*[(+')Q6F8*-@lRS'8E~2(*-.£')RJC-'8E+E*=(+DJ'87A@B*=7AC-*=(
;UT2)DADBQ6TH/17AKB^BRS'8E[*gfA2403DAQ6*)^B.+9A*Ê'8?B(+*=9B'8Q1@A*-EW03*].59A'H@eLGk:E+'80©.59B*('8Q1?o.5/1')7eô.+9A*iD'8(*iCb2)7;J*
E+*-C='F8*-E+*-@;UT¹2)DADBQ6TH/17AK.59A* W'o@AE/1K8?B*=c_RS')E+0±?AQ12BLºM
.5*=E+24.5/6'87 Q1*=2)@A(#.+'Á2ÅK8E52)@B/1*=7U.@B*=(+C-*=7U.
2)DADBE+'U2)C9V/17V2¨8§»(+D:24C=*)^:nW9A/6C9_/6([R2)(.I247A@_(>.2);BQ1*)L
²,((+9A'nW7±/67¦s ¨ jw /6./6(DJ'8((+/1;BQ1*£.5'*]foDAE+*-(+(~/672WF8*-ET(+/603/6QP2)Ee032)7A7B*=EµC='87B(.5E+2)/17U.*=pY?:24.+/1'87B(
nW9A/6C9ªE+*=Q124.5*¨8§ÉDJ'8/17U.5(.5'¨8§ÉDBQP2)7A*-( « E*=C-'87A(.+E+?AC].5*-@¥4§ÉQ1/17B*=(¬W'8E¨)§ÉQ1/17B*=(.+'¨8§ DAQ12)7A*-(
« E*=C-'87A(.+E+?AC].5*-@_RSE+')0¥)§³/1032)K8*Q1/67A*=(5¬]L~M
.W/6(W2)Q1('lD'8((+/6;AQ1*,.+'±RS?A(+*h.+9A*hQ1/67A*b2)E/1c-*=@C=')7A(.+E52)/67Y.
*=pY?:2j.5/1')7A(/67'87B*#(TH(>.5*=0 ')R`*-pY?:24.5/6'87A(2)7A@.+'Â('8Q6F)*3.59B*3*-pH?A24.5/6'87A((/10±?BQ6.247A*='8?B(+Q6T)Lk:?AE>a
.59B*=E+0%'8E*)^B/´.`/1(D'8((+/6;AQ1*I.5'±nO*=/1K)9Y.`.+9A*h*=pY?:2j.5/1')7A(`2)7A@¦.+9A*=E*-RS'8E*.5'l/67 :?A*-7AC=*h.59B**=pY?:24.+/1'87B(
nW/6.+92C=')7Bm:@A*-7AC=*i0%*b2)(?AE+*4^BnW9A/1C90%/1K)9Y.[2)E+/6(+*IRSE+'80©.59A*,/1032)K8*IDAE+'HC=*-(+(+/67AKALG¯`9A/6([/1(O(+9A'nW7
/17m:K8?BE+* B^HnW9B*=E+*D')/17U.O2)7A@#Q6/17A*[RS*=24.5?BE+*=(2)E+*I?A(*=@¦(*=D:2)E+24.5*-Q6T%2)7B@3nO*=/1K)9Y.+*=@oa
C='80;A/17A*-@3RS'8E
DJ'8(+*i*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87L
3 ; ^*;%& '=*,# #'&*;%

¯`9A*l24DADAE+'82)C9°RS'8E,DJ'8/67Y.;:2)(*=@ÇDJ'8(+*q*=(.+/10324.5/6'87ÂC=2)7°;J*±*]fH.+*=7A@A*-@ª.5'¦XY/17B*=0324.5/6CqC9:24/17A(;UT
/17U.+E+'H@A?AC=/67AK¦RS?AE>.59A*-Eh(+C=E*-n .5E5247A(RS'8E0#2j.5/1')7A(,nW9A/6C9t0%'H@A*=QE+*-F)'8Q1?o.5*'8EDAE/1(0#24.+/1C`\'8/17U.5(h;UT
?A(/17AK(D*-C=/12)Qo.dnW/6(.5(`s jw LN¯`9B*[.5E5247A(RS'8E0#2j.5/1')7q')RJ2DJ'8/67Y. ') % '87±.59B* 0 a
.59W\'8/17U..5'.59B*[;:2)(*

C='H'8E@A/17:2j.5*h(TH(>.5*=0/6(WE+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.5*-@°;UTV2l(+*=pY?A*-7AC=*q')R~0%').+'8E+Y( ; P 3222 ; 'vLG¯`9A*C=')7A(.+E52)/67Y.

*=pY?:2j.5/1')7A(`.2)X4*i.+9A*hRS'8E+0
P - - - ' ' % ' - - - P *

') %

-

¯`9A*,C='87A(>.5E+2)/17U.O*=pY?:24.+/1'87A(OCb2)73;*Q1/67A*b2)E/1c-*=@32)7A@#/´.5*-E524.+*=@#/67%.+9A*,(+2)0%*032)7A7A*-E24(ORS'8E<DA?AE*
DJ'8/17U.C='87AC-*=DB.+(=Lhk/1K8?AE* u (+9A'nW(*gfB2)03DBQ1*/60#24K8*=(`RS'8ED'8(**-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7V'4R<23C=?BDA;'82)E+@ª247A@
*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87#')Rµ.59A*i'8DJ*=7A/67AK2)7AK)Q1*')R/´.5([@A'H'8E-L£¯`9A*iD'8(*hE+*-(+?AQ´.5(W/1(FH/6(+?:2)Q6/1c-*=@;UTDAE'j\*=C].5/17BK
.59B*#.5E+2)7A(RS')E+0%*=@Å'8;Y\*=C-.±03'H@A*=Q</17U.+'Â.59A*#/1032)K8*)L_kN/6K8?AE+* ( (+9B'vnW(l*gfB2)03DBQ1*#/60#24K8*=(')R`.59B*
TÌ
XL−constraint XL/XP−constraint 90%−10%
scenario
XL/XP−constraint 10%−90% XP−constraint
kN/6K8?AE+* x § /6È*=E*=7U.#nO*=/6K89U.5(')RC=')7A(.+E52)/67Y.+(#RS'8E3D'8(*ª*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87eL¯`9A*ª?ADADJ*=E#Q1*-R.#/1032)K8*
(+9A'nW(l.59B*D'8(*E+*-(+?AQ´.±RS'8E±?A(/17AKªDJ'8/67Y.>adQ6/17A*%C='8EE+*-(+DJ'87A@A*-7AC=*-(=LÅ¯`9A*Q6'vnO*=EE+/1K)9Y.
/1032)K8*I(+9A'nW(`.59B*D')(+*E*=(+?BQ6.[RS'8EO?A(+/67AKlDJ'8/17U.a
DAQP247A*C-'8E+E*=(D'87B@A*=7AC-*=(-L¯`9A*'4.59A*-E
/1032)K8*-((+9A'n DJ'8(+*tE+*-(+?AQ´.5(V'8;B.52)/17A*-@ nW/6.59Ä(+/60±?AQ´.2)7A*-'8?A(Q6T?B(+*=@2)7A@Än*-/1K89U.5*-@
D')/17U.a
Q1/17B*2)7A@VDJ'8/17U.a
DAQP247A*C=')E+E+*-(+DJ'87A@A*-7AC=*-(=L
/10%DAQ6*=0%*=7U.24.+/1'87')Rµ2C1 A) À5]#j¡ij:5j RS'8E<2i0#2)7B/1DA?AQ124.5')E x ²DJ*=E(+'87%nW/6.+93C-'8Q1'8EG032)E+X8a
*=E(24.+.52)C9A*=@Ç.5'/´.5(h;J'o@BT°/1(.5E+2)CX)*-@Å2)7B@Ç.+9A*%2)7AK8Q6*=(h')R<.59B*%9Y?A032)7t2)E0 + (h03'F)*=0%*=7U.5(2)E*
*=(>.5/60#24.+*=@V2)7A@.5E+2)7A(QP24.+*=@.5'.59A*iE+');').WXY/67A*=0324.5/6C=(-L H'%.+9A*iE+'8;J').2)E+0 RS'8Q1Q6'vnW(O.59A*9Y?A0#247
2)E0 03'F)*=0%*=7U.5(2)7A@Ç.59B*=E+*]RS'8E+*l.+9A*9H?B0#2)7Ç/6(i2);AQ1*±.+'C='87U.5E'8Q~.59B*%E'8;J')..59BE+'8?AK)9/´.5(h'nW7
0%'vF)*=0%*=7U.5(-L '8Q1'8E032)E+X4*=E+('87Å.59A*3m:7AK8*-E.5/6DA(/67A@A/1C=24.5*.59B*¦'8DJ*=7A/67AKª2)7A@®C-Q1'8(/17AK_')R`.59B*
K8E/1DADJ*=E-L
3 43 5T% F( '&*;% M# ([

¯`9A*pY?A*-(.5/6'87®n*24E+*¦7A'n C='87BC=*=E7A*=@¾nW/6.+9®/1(.59A*E*=DAE*=(+*-7U.24.+/1'87¾')RW9A/6K89A*-E±'8E+@B*=E±C-?AEF)*=(
(+?BC9°2)(WC=/6E+C-Q1*=(-Â(+DB9A*=E*=(,')E`*=Q1Q6/1DA(*=(-L
¸*qnW/1Q1QµC-'87A(+/6@A*=E,C=?AE>F8*=(i24(,K8*-7A*=E+2)Q1/6c=*=@ÂK8*='80%*-.+E+/6Cq*-7Y.+/6.+/1*=(InW9A/1C9ªE*=(?AQ6.RSE+'80ÆC=')?ADAQ1*-@
.dnW/1(>.W.5E5247A(RS'8E0#2j.5/1')7A([')R~2%DJ'8/17U.=L<¯`9A24.I/1(=^:9B*=E+*hnO*qE*=(>.5E+/6C-.I'8?AE(+*-Q6F8*-(.+'%0%'H@A*=QC-?AEF)*=(,;UT
.59B*¦2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)/1ClC-'87A(>.5E524/17A*-@Å03'4.5/1')7t'4R`D')/17U.5(/17t(+D:24C=*)LV¯`9A*3/1@A*=2RS'8E0%'o@A*-Q1/67AK*=Q1Q6/1DA(*=(i/1(
FH/1(?:2)Q1/6c=*-@V/67m:K8?AE* o^:Q1*-R. x ¸*q2)((+?A0%*h.dn'3D:2)E524Q1Q1*-Qe2jfo*-(/67_¨)§º(D:2)C=*q2)7A@_2¨8§ DJ'8/67Y.W')7
.59B*%*-Q1Q6/1DA(*)^2)7B@ÇnO*.5E5247A(RS'8E0½.+9A*D'8/67U.i2)E+')?A7A@ª.59A*l.dnO'Â2vfB*-(i/17t2¦mBfo*=@2)7A@t@A*=DJ*=7A@B*=7U.
032)7A7A*-E=LhMd7°.59B/1(,C=2)(+*±nO*l?A(*±.dn'C-'8?ADAQ6*=@ªD:2)E+2)Q1Q6*=Q « 7B').hC=')Q1Q1/67A*b24E¬`2jfo*=(-Ê+').524.5*.59A*±DJ'8/67Y.
;UT 4 ¥ ¿2)E'8?A7A@®.+9A*#m:E(.%2jfo/1(±2)7A@®;U T ¿2)E'8?A7A@Å.+9A*¦(*=C=')7A@¼')7A*)Lt¯`9A*(+*].')R2)Q1Q<DJ'8/17U.5(
RS'8E s 2232 ¥ w K8*-7A*=E+24.5*-(i2)7ª*=Q6Q1/6DA(+*4Lh¯`9A/1(C=2)7Ç;*(+*=*-724(,.59A*C='87A(>.5E+2)/17U.hC-?AEF)*%'4R247
*=7B@oad*]È*-C-.5')E.+E52)7A(>RS'8E+0%*=@t;UTt2°¥@eL 'AL R¡LFH/1E>.5?:2)Q£XY/67A*=0324.5/6ClC9:2)/67eL o/67AC=*lnO*#?A(*%.dnW/6(.+(.+'
0%'o@A*-Q-\'8/17U.+('872032)7A/6DA?AQP2j.5'8EnO*C=2)Q1Q8.+9A*=(*C-?AEF)*=(N.dnW/6(.a
K8*=7B*=E52j.5*=@C=?AE>F8*=(-L£M
.N/6(µC=Q1*=2)Eµ.59:24.
@A/´È*-E+*=7U.ORSE+*=pY?A*-7AC=/6*=(W2)7B@¦Q1'HCb24.+/1'87')R.+9A*.dnW/6(.[2jfo*=([Q6*b2)@%.5'l2iR2)03/6Q6Tl'4RC=?AE>F8*-(W2)7A@¦/67A@A*=*-@
2q(?A;JC=QP24(+(<')Re(?AC9#.dnW/1(>.a
K8*=7A*-E524.+*=@¦C-?AEF)*=(`24E+*`.59A*WR2)0%'8?A(h]Y] 1jU) H ),nW9B/1C9¦24E+*I9A*=E*
T
kN/6K8?AE+* uHx N
fA2403DAQ6*O/60#24K8*=(µRS'8ED'8(**-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7'4RJ2C=?BDA;'82)E+@l247A@±*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87i')RB.59A*[@B'o'8E( +
'8DJ*=7A/67AK%2)7AK8Q6*)L
kN/1K8?BE+* B( x
NfB2)0%DAQ1*h/60#24K8*=(RS')E[Fo/6(+?:24QE+*=0%').+*hC='87U.5E'8Q1Q6/17AK')R.+9A*iE+'8;J').=L
T
point
twist
1
XC z 0
2
3
1
-1
-4 0
-2 -1 y
0 -2
a
x
−φ∗2
2 -3
φ
4 -4
kN/6K8?AE+* x *-R. x ²7*-Q1Q1/6DA(+*lK)*=7A*-E524.+*=@t;YTª.dnO'VC='8?ADBQ1*=@Ç.dnW/1(>.5(-L W/1K89U. x &'8(*3*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7ª')R

2)7'8;H\*-C-.C='87U.24/17A/67AKl'87A*i*=Q6Q1/6DA(+*4ô.dnO'3C-/1E+C-Q1*-(247A@'87A*i@A*=Q´.5'8/6@eL
*=0;*-@A@A*=@¾/67Å¨8§(D:2)C=*4L OTHC=Q1')/1@:2)Q<C=?BEF8*-(2)E+*#@A*-m:7B*=@¾2)(±C-?AEF)*=(lK8*-7A*=E+24.5*-@®RSE+'80 C=/6E+C-Q1*=(
E+')Q1Q1/67AK'87ÅC-/1E+C-Q1*-('8EqQ1/17B*=(=L
NfB2)03DBQ1*=(±2)E+*3Cb2)E@A/1'8/6@A(=^7A*=DB9AE+'8/6@A(=^N*=Q1Q6/1DA(*=(-^~E+'8(*=(-^G2)(.+E+'8/6@A(=^
*-.+C)L
kN/1K)?AE+* ªE+/6K89U.b^<(+9A'nW(%*]fB2)0%DAQ1*DJ'8(*VE*=(?AQ6.+(%'4Rh2)7¾'8;H\*-C-.303'H@A*-QnW9A/1C9ÁC=')7Y.52)/17B(3247
*=Q6Q1/6DA(+*4^v.dnO'IC=/1EC=Q6*=(2)7A@'87A*G@A*-Q6.5')/1@eLµ²,7q/17U.5*-E+*-(.5/67AKI2)(+DJ*=C].N/6(=^.59A24.µ.59A*<E+/6K8/1@.+E52)7A(>RS'8E+0324.+/1'87
30
1
20
0.5
10
z
0 0
-10
-0.5
-20
-1
-10
-1
0
-0.5 y
-0.6 10 -20
0 -0.4 -10
-0.2 0
0.5 0 20 10
0.2 20 x
1 0.4 30
0.6
80
0.5 60
40
20
z 0 z 0
-20
-40
-0.5 -60
-80
-80
-60
-1 -40 0
-20 -20
0 -40
-60
2 x 20 -80
1.5 40 -100
1 60 -120 y
0.5 -140
x 0 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2-0.4 80 -160
-180
y
kN/6K8?AE+* T x *-R. x ¨8§a¡¨j.dnW/1(.,K8*=7B*=E52j.5*=@t(+?BER2)C-*=(=

L W/1K)9Y. x &'8(+**=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87Â')RO2_¥v.dnW/1(.(+?AE¡a
R2)C-*)^:C=')7A7A*=C].5*-@_FH/P22%¥±@eL 'BL R¡LGXY/17A*-0#2j.5/1C,C9:2)/17.+'#2±.24;AQ1*4L
')RC-THC=Q6'8/1@A2)Q[C=?BEF8*-(#C=2)7¼*=2)(+/6Q6T;**=(>.5/60#24.+*=@¾;UT_\?A(>.%.+E52)7B(RS'8E03/67AK°.59A*K8*-7A*=E+24.5/67AKª.dnW/1(>.
2jfo*=(2)7A@.59B*(>.2)E>.5/67AKlD')/17U.W'87.59A*iC=?BEF8*4Lk:?AE>.59A*-E+0%'8E+*h/6([.59A*C=')7A(.+E+?AC].5/1')7V'4R~C=')7A(.+E52)/67Y.
C=?BEF8*-(i7A').('8Q1*-Q6TVE+*-(.+E+/1C].5*-@°.5'¦DJ'8/17U.+(=LM
.h/6(2)Q6(+'3D'8((+/6;AQ1*.5'¦?A(*l*)L KALQ6/17A*-(,'8EC=/1EC=Q6*=(247A@
.5'#K8*=7A*-E524.+*±9A/6K89A*=E'8E+@B*=EC-'87A(.+E52)/67U.(+?BER2)C-*=(h'8EIF8'8Q6?A03*-(,/67°(+D:24C=*±;UTÂ.+E52)7B(RS'8E03/67AK%.+9A*=(*
*=7U.+/6.5/6*=(~nW/´.59E+*-(+DJ*=C-.G.+'@B/6È*=E+*-7U.<2jfo*=(G/17(+DA2)C=*4L~¯`9A/1(GQ6*b2)@A(~.+'i(+DJ*=C=/12)QAE?AQ1*-@%(?AER24C=*=(£nW9A/6C9
Cb247°;*?A(+*-@Ç2)(,'8;Y\*=C-.*=7U.5/´.5/1*-(=LM
./1(2)Q6(+'#DJ'8((+/1;BQ1*q.+'#K8*-7A*=E+24.5*±¨4.dnW/1(>.C=?BEF8*-(=Lik:'8EW.59A/6(=^2
Tvu
DJ'8/17U.`/6([.5E5247A(RS'8E03*-@nW/6.59E*=(D*-C-.I.5'±.59BE+*=*h.dnW/6(.5(-L o?AER24C=*=(WC=2)7_;J*h0%'o@A*-Q1*-@;YT¦E+').524.5/67AKA^
*)L KAL´^J.+9A*l¥v.dnW/1(.K8*-7A*=E+24.5*-@°C=?AE>F8*-(h2)E+')?A7A@ª2.59A/6E+@.dnW/1(.InW/6.+9°2%(+*=C-'87A@ª/67A@A*=DJ*=7B@A*=7U.h247AK8Q1*
T=^Q1*=2)@A/67AK%.+'¨4.dnW/6(.K)*=7A*-E524.+*=@°(?AER2)C-*=(-L
NfA2403DAQ6*=(,2)E+*q(+9A'nW7ª/17Vm:K8?AE* T B^JQ1*]R.bLkN/1K)?AE+*
T ÂE/1K89U.=^~(+9A'nW(l*gfBDJ*=E/10%*=7U.24QE+*-(+?AQ´.5(q')RI2Ç¥j.dnW/1(>.±(?AER2)C-*)Lª¯`9A*');H\*=C].l03'H@A*-QO/6(±2ÂQ12)03D
(+9A2)@A*C-'87A7A*-C-.+*=@ÂFH/P232#¥@eL 'AL R¡LXH/67A*=0324.+/1CiC9:2)/67V.+'¦2%.52);AQ6*)LMd7_.59A/6(I*gfoD*-E+/10%*=7U.=^J.+9A*qDJ'8(*
D:2)E+2)0%*-.5*-E+(£247A@l.59A*W2)7BK8Q1*-(~')RÀ.59A*`XY/67A*=0324.5/6CC9:24/172)E*[*=(>.5/10324.+*=@eL¯`9A*WQP2)0%D(9:2)@A*W/6.+(+*-Q6RÀ/1(
0%'o@A*-Q1*-@V;UT.dnO'#C-'87A*iD:2)E>.5(WK8*=7B*=E52j.5*=@VRSE+'80 C=/1EC=Q6*=(=L I').5*4^À.+9:24.W.59B/1(`C=?BEF8*qE+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.524.5/6'87
;J*=Q1')7AK8([.5'%2(+'4a
Cb2)Q6Q1*-@D:2)E52403*].5E+/6CE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87V')R~2C=?BEF8*#s ujw L
3 ( [ 6 2() # ([[
o'°R2)Eqn*9:2bF)*VDBE+*=(*=7U.5*-@¼9B'vn 2°(+*].')RI0±?AQ´.5/1DBQ1/1C=24.5/´F8*-Q6T°C-'8?ADAQ6*=@®.dnW/1(>.5(±C=2)7¾;*#?A(+*-@Á.+'
K8*-7A*=E+24.5*2±C=?BEF8*4L H/10%/1QP24E+Q6T)^8n*iC=2)7V2)(+X¦9B'vn2lK8/6F)*=7C=Q6'8(+*-@C=?AE>F8*i0#2bT#;*hD:24E52)0%*-.+*=E+/6c=*-@
nW/6.+9¦E+*-(+DJ*=C].[.5'2(+*].[')R2)@B@A/6.+/6F8*-Q6TlC-'8?ADAQ6*=@#.dnW/6(.+(=LG¯`9A/1(ODAE+');AQ1*-0 /1(/673R2)C].C-Q1'8(*=Q´T3E*=Q124.5*-@
.5'Vk:'8?AE/1*-E@A*=(C=E/1DB.+'8E+(3s T o^µ¥ w L±Md7Çm:K8?BE+* T#T Q1*]R.b^2C-Q1'8(*=@tC=?AE>F8* « 2E+')(+*¬/6((+9A'nW7/17°.59B*
kN/6K8?AE+* TT8x *-R. x &£E+'v\*=C-.+/1'87B(£')Re2 T adD:2)E+2)0%*-.5E/1C<C=?AE>F8*I/17U.5*-E+DAE*-.+*=@%2)(~.5/603*O@A*=DJ*=7B@A*=7U.GRS?A7ACga

.5/6'87eL W/1K)9Y. x §/´È*-E+*-7Y.`2)DADAE'fo/60#24.+/1'87Q6*-F)*=Q1(W')RN2¨8§»'8;H\*=C].IC='87U.5')?AE=L
adDAQ12)7A*4L H?ADADJ'8(+*.59:24.,/17A(>.5*=2)@Â')R@H « ¬WnO*C-'87A(/1@A*-ERH0A « ¬ x H « ¬ ¥ $Z
Pg^ÀnW9A*=E*

Ph/6(.59A*%?A7A/´.hF8*-C-.5')E2)Q6'87AK.59B* Aad2jfo/1(-L3¯`9A* Aa¡2vfB/6(iCb2)7t;*/67Y.+*=EDAE+*].5*=@2)(2)72)@A@A/´.5/1')7:2)Q
.5/603*,2jfo/1(-L~M
Rµn*hDAE'j\*=C]. H0A « ¬G'87U.5'±.+9A* a
DAQP247A*,247A@ adDAQ12)7A*4ônO*h'8;B.24/17#.+9A*.dn'l'4.59A*-E
DJ*=E+/6'o@B/1CC=?AE>F8*-( « '8E%(+/6K87:2)Q6(¬±(+9A'nW7eL¯`9A/1(%FH/1(+?A2)Q1/6c=*=(.59B*_nO*=Q1QIXY7A'nW7R2)C-.%.59A24.#nO*ÂC=2)7
E+*-KU2)E@¿2)7UT¾DJ*=E/1'H@A/1C¦RS?A7BC-.5/6'87¾/17¼2t(D:2)C-*_')R,@A/10%*=7B(+/1')7 2)(l.+9A*_DBE+'j\*-C-.5/6'87Á')R2ÇC=Q6'8(+*-@
C=?BEF8*h/67¦2(D:2)C-*h')Rµ@A/10%*=7B(+/1') 7 GT L£¯`9A*=(*h(+/1K)7:2)Q1(<Cb2477A'n¹;*/67U.5*=EDAE+*].5*-@2)7A@2)7A2)Q6THc=*-@
;UT%?A(+/67AK±2i@A/1(C=E*-.5*,k:'8?AE+/6*=E£.5E+2)7A(>RS'8E+0©2)7B@#/17UF)*=E+(*,@A/6(+C-E+*-.+*k:'8?AE/1*-E~.5E5247A(RS'8E0_LNMd7A@A*=*-@#.59B*
.dnW/1(>.5(h')RG.+9A*±FH/1E.+?:2)Q6Q6TC=')?ADAQ1*-@ªXY/17A*-0#24.+/1CqC9:2)/17B(hCb2)7ª;J*l/17U.5*-E+DAE*-.+*=@t2)(DA9A2)(+*±F)*=C-.+'8E+(i/67
2#C-'803DBQ1*]fVDBQP2)7A*qK8*=7B*=E52j.5/17BK¦2#DAQ12)7A*qC-THC=Q6'8/1@:24QC-?AEF)*)L¯`9B*±C='87B(.5E+2)/17U.,*=pY?:24.+/1'87A(I.2)X4*.59B*
RS'8E0
! _"!#$#! !# *

= =

& -

> P

> _

T)(
¯`9A*/17U.5*-E+DAE*-.2j.5/1')7_')RN.59A/6(*-pH?A24.5/6'87Â/6((/10%DAQ1* x ¯`9A*q/17A7A*-E+0%'8(.D:2)E>.,C-'87U.2)/67A(.+9A*(?A;A(>.5/á
.5?o.5*=@%k:'8?AE/1*-EN@A*-(+C=E/1DB.+'8E+(N/17±.59B*[C='87oRS'8E+032)QH(+D:2)C-*)L£¯`9A/6(~/1(.59A*-7lC='8?ADBQ1*=@lnW/´.59.+9A*`?A7AXY7A'nW7
E+/6K8/1@ª;J'H@BTª0%').5/6'87 « .+9A*03').+'8E ;¬h2)7A@tC='80%D:2)E*=@ªnW/6.+92E+*-C='87B(.5E?AC-.+*=@DAE+'j\*-C-.+/1'87tE52bT8^
K8/´F8*=7t/17t2&£ Q ?A CX4*=EiE+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.524.5/6'87eL%¯`9A*0#2)/67ªD')/17U.i/1(.+9A*C='8?ADBQ1/17BK')R[2(+DJ*=C].5E+2)Q£E+*-DAE+*ga
(+*-7U.24.+/1'873')ReC-'87U.5'8?AE(<nW/´.59A/67%.+9A*ID*-E+(+DJ*=C].5/´F8*,DJ'8(**-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7%DBE+'8;AQ6*=0VLN¯`9A*2)@BF42)7U.52)K8*I')R
.59B/1(G2)DADBE+'U2)C9/6(=^8.59A24.G2hQ1'n[adDA2)(+(£@A*-(+C-E+/1Do.5/1')7l')R2)7'8;H\*=C].<03'H@A*=Qo/1(£2bF42)/6QP2);AQ6*OnW9A/6C9Cb2)7;J*
2)DADBQ1/1*-@3.+'KU2)/67#2q0±?AQ6.+/á
(+Cb24Q1*È+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87¦')R.+9A*,');H\*=C].nW/6.+9¦E+*-(+DJ*=C].[.5'q/6.5(<C=')03DAQ6*]fo/6.dT x
¯`9A/6(I/6(`(+9A'nW7_/17m:K8?AE* T#T E+/1K)9Y.=^B;UT?A(/17AK'87AQ´T2(+?A;B(+*-.')R.59A*k:'8?AE/1*-E[@A*=(C=E/1DB.+'8E+(-L
Iteration 1 Iteration 4
kN/6K8?AE+* T ¥ x *-R. x /6(+?:24Q1/1c=24.5/6'87t')RW.59A*M [&Na¡24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0 @A?AE+/67AK°.59B*¦/6.+*=E52j.5/1')7eL I/6K89U. x §/6RPa

Iteration 6 Iteration 9
RS*=E*=7U._D'8(*ÇE+*=(?AQ6.+(RS'8E@A/1(>.5'8E>.5*=@¹/60#2)K)*ª@:24.2oLÃ¯`9B*tm:E(.VE+'n (9A'nW(_E*=(?AQ6.+(
'8;B.52)/17B*=@nW/6.59V.59A*q7A'87oa
03'H@A/´m:*=@VM [&¹2)Q1K8')E+/6.+9A0VLO¯`9A*q(+*-C='87A@ªE'n³(+9A'nW(DJ'8(*
E+*-(+?AQ´.5(W'8;B.52)/17B*=@nW/6.+9.+9A*i'8?B.+Q1/1*-E>a
*=Q1/603/67:24.+/1'87l@A?BE+/17BK.+9A*iM [& 2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0VL
¯`9A*V0#2)/67ÅDAE'8;AQ1*-0 @A?BE+/17BKtDJ'8(*V*-(.+/10324.5/6'87Å/1(±.+'ª@A*-.+*=E03/67A*(+?A/´.5*-@¼C-'8E+E*=(+DJ'87A@B*=7AC-*=(
;J*-.dnO*=*=7V¥4§Ä/60#2)K)*[RS*b24.+?AE+*-(2)7B@#DJ'8/17U.5(G'87.59B*,¨8§Ä03'H@A*-Q:C=?AE>F8*)LG¯`9A*-E+*]RS'8E+*2F)*=E+(/1'873')R247
M [&Na¡2)Q6K8'8E/6.59B0 s Ì jw /6(i?A(+*-@2)7B@2)DBDAQ1/6*=@eLl¯`9A*%2)Q6K8'8E/6.59B0 RS'8ERSE*=*ga
RS'8E0 C=')7Y.+'8?AE(qC-'87A(+/6(.+(
')R/6.+*=E52j.5/17BK±.59A*hRS'8Q6Q1'nW/17AK(.5*-DA( x

"!
$#%&'(#)*
+ -,
/.0"1 $(# 2&*3 2
+ 4
4&3
56

7
$&

8,
9"1 $(# 2&*3

!7&3'

;: &4&07
!&

+
< 8,
=<>)

?/.0-,
`¯ 9A*¦/6@A*b2Â/6(=^.59:24.±2)Q1QG/60#2)K)*3C-'87U.5'8?AEqD')/17U.5(q(+/10?AQ6.52)7A*=')?A(+Q´TÇDA?AQ1QG'87.59A*¨)§ C='87U.+'8?AE=L
'4.5*)ê.+9:24..+9A*D')/17U.;:24(+*=@tDJ'8(+*l*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7ª2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0/6(/17UF8')Q6F8*-@Ç/17°.59B*lC='87U.5')?AEi;:2)(+*-@
DJ'8(+*W*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87±2)Q1K8')E+/6.+9A0VL¯`9A*DBE+/17BC=/1DBQ1*'4R.+9A*WM [&~ad2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0»@A?AE/17AKh.+E52)CXY/17BK/6(~FH/1(+?A2)Qá
/1c-*=@%/17lm:K8?BE+* T ¥Q1*-R.=LN¯`9A*-E+*W.59A*IC9A'8(*=73C='8EE+*=(D')7A@A*=7BC=*=([2)E+*I2)Q6(+'hFH/1(+?A2)Q1/6c=*=@;UTDAE'j\*=C].5/17BK
.59B*=0'87U.+'.+9A*i/1032)K8*4L ').+*)^B.+9:24.`.+9A*iC='8EE+*=(D')7A@A*=7BC=*=(,2)E+*hC9B'8(+*-7Â/17¦.+9A*¨8§»(+D:2)C-*)^:(/17AC-*
.59B*q¨)§ºC-'87U.5'8?AEWDJ'8/17U.+(W2)E+*iE+*-QP24.+*=@.5'%¨8§»DAE'j\*=C].5/1')7VE+2bTo(-L
¯`9A*E+');A?A(.+7A*=((')R`.59A*¦2)Q1K8')E+/6.+9A0 nW/´.59ÅE*=(+DJ*=C].l.5'ª@A/6(.+'8E.+*=@Å/60#2)K)*3@:2j.2Â/6((+9B'vnW7¾/67
m:K8?BE+* T ¥_E/1K89U.=LªMd7¾.+9A/1(/1032)K8*%(+*=pY?A*-7AC=* « C-'87U.2)/67A/17BK Ì °/60#24K8*=(5¬i.59B*¦/1032)K8*%C='87U.+'8?AEl/1(
@A/6(.5')E.5*-@;UTÇC-'vF)*=E/17AKVD:2)E>.5(i')R<.59A*%C='87U.+'8?AEhnW/6.+92nW9A/´.5*D:2)DJ*=E-L%¯`9B/1(iQ1*=2)@A(h.5'(+Q6/1K89U.i'8E
T
0%'8E+**gfH.5E+*-03*i*-E+E+')E+(W@A?AE/17AK±.+9A*iC='87U.5')?AE`*]fH.5E+2)C-.+/1'87/67¦.59A*i/1032)K8*4LN¯`9A*hm:E(.IE+'n')Rm:K8?AE*
T ¥(+9B'vnW(G.59B*IE*=(?AQ6.+(<');B.2)/67A*=@lnW/´.59%2h7A'87oa
03'H@A/6mA*=@lM [&Na¡2)Q6K8'8E/6.59B0_LµM
.G/1(G24Q1E+*=2)@BTC=QP24E+/6mA*=@e^
.59A24..59A*VC='87B(.5E+2)/17U.%*=pY?:2j.5/1')7A(*]foDAE+*-(+(2ÇK8*-'803*].5E/1C@A/6(.247AC=*0%*b2)(?AE+*V/17®.59B*Â¨8§Æ(+DA2)C=*4L
¯`9A*-E+*-RS')E+*l/6.,/1(*=2)(T_.5'¦@B*-.5*-C-.i'8?o.5Q1/6*=E(2)7A@°.+'/10%DAQ1*-03*-7U.2)7Ç24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0nW9A/1C9Ç24?B.5'80324.+/á
Cb24Q1Q6T*-Q1/10%/17A24.5*-(.+9A*=/6E~*=pY?:24.+/1'87B(=L H'803*E+*=(?AQ6.+(£')R:.59B*`03'H@A/6mA*=@l2)Q6K8'8E/6.59B0»2)E+*[(9A'nW73/67.59B*
(+*-C='87B@#E+'n¿')RmAK8?AE+* T ¥hE/1K89U.=L¸*IC=2)Q1Qo.59A/6(£DAE+'HC=*-@A?AE+*`.+9A*± o !] +] lJ)y!j¦0%*-.+9A'H@eLN²(
Cb247;*(*=*-7eÂ.59A*h');B.2)/67A*=@#E+*=(?AQ6.+(`2)E*0±?AC9;J*-.+.+*=E-L ?B.`/67A@A*=*-@e^B.+9A*=(*h*]fB2)0%DAQ1*-([K8/6F)*<\?A(>.
2ÂK8?B*=(+(±2);')?B.q.+9A*#(>.2);B/1Q1/´.dTª')R[.+9A*¦DAE'8DJ'8(+*-@Å03*].59A'H@Å24(/6.q/1(/10%DJ'8(+(/1;AQ6*.+'ÂC-'803DJ*=7B(524.+*
R2)Q6(+*=Q´T¦*gfo.+E52)C].5*-@ÂC=')7Y.+'8?AE(I')E[.5'H'%0?AC9_0%/1((+/67AKl/17BRS')E+0324.5/6'87eL
3 47 !"[ =* '=*,% 6 !* #$% ! (

Â2)7UT¦¨8§³'8;H\*=C].5(`C=2)703'8E*,*=2)(+/6Q6T3;*E*=DAE*=(*=7U.5*-@Â;UT2±(*-.W')R¨8§ C-'87U.5'8?AE(W*]foDAE+*-(+(/17AKl.59B*
@A/´È*-E+*=7U.%2)(D*-C-.+(3')RW.+9A*'8;H\*=C].bL¸*nW/1Q6Q7A'n *]fH.5*-7A@¼.+9A*'8;H\*-C-.%03'H@A*-QO.5't2ª(+*].%')R¨8§
C=')7Y.+'8?AE(=L£¯`9A*I0#24/17DAE+');AQ1*-0É/1(-^H9B'vn¼.5'@A*b24QÀnW/´.59%'oC-C=Q6?A@A*=@%'8EGD:2)E>.5/12)Q1Q´T'HC=C-Q1?A@A*-@3C-'87U.5'8?BE
D:2)E>.5(q')R[.59B*#'8;H\*-C-.=LÂÊI*=E+*4^~.59A*3C='87U.+'8?AE+(2)E+*#2)(+(?A0%*=@®2)(qE+/6K8/1@AQ´T°C-'8?ADAQ6*=@.+'Â*b24C9Å').59B*=E=L
kN/6K8?AE+* T ¨ x & ')(+*E+*-(+?AQ´.5(±'4RI2)7®'8;H\*-C-.±nW/´.59®D:2)E>.5/12)Q1Q´Tª'oC-C=Q6?A@A*=@®C-'87U.5'8?BE+(=LÇ¯`9A*#Q1*-R./1032)K8*

(+9B'vnW(.+9A*l'8E/1K8/67:2)Qµ/1032)K8*4L¯`9A*l0%/1@A@AQ6*q/60#24K8*(9A'nW(.59A*l*gfo.+E52)C].5*-@t(/1Q69A'8?A*].+.5*
2)7A@.+9A*iE+/1K)9Y.W/60#24K8*,FH/1(?:2)Q1/6c=*-([.59A*iDJ'8(+*iE+*-(+?AQ´.bL
¯`9A/6(l03*=2)7A(±.59A24.l.59A*DJ'8(*')R,')7A*C='87U.+'8?AE2)?B.+'80324.5/6Cb2)Q6Q6Tª@A*]m:7A*-(%.+9A*D')(+*')RW.59A*'4.59A*-E
'87A*4L²»0%'o@A/´m:*=@M [&Na¡24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0 Q6*b2)@A(`.+'3E*=(+?BQ6.5(I(+9B'vnW7_/17m:K8?AE* T ¨BLÊI*=E*.+9A*q032)/67/1@A*=2
/1(.+9:24.i24Q1QNC-'87U.5'8?BE+(hF8').+*lRS'8Eh2C='8EE+*-(+DJ'87A@A/67AKDAE+'v\*=C-.+/1'87ÇE+2T)^;A?B.'87AQ´T_.+9A*l'87A*lnW/´.59°.59B*
(+032)Q6Q1*=(>.`(+DA24.5/12)Qe@A/6(.247AC=*i/1([.52)X)*-7°2)(`C-'8E+E*=(D'87B@A*=7AC-*)L
¥
3 ( [ 6 2() ( 6 ')#$[

¯`9A*Q12)(.*]fH.5*-7A(+/6'87®n*#n2)7U.l.5'ªDBE+*=(*=7U./1(.59A*E*=DAE*=(*=7U.24.+/1'87®'4RIRSE*=*ga
RS'8E0 (?AER24C=*=(247A@
.59B*=/1EW*-0±;*-@A@A/67AK#/67V.+9A*±¥4§a¡¨8§»D')(+**-(.+/10324.5/6'87DAE+'8;BQ1*=0VL¯`9B*/1@B*b2/1(`.5'3*]fH.5*-7A@Â.59B* T §a
(+/6K87:2)QB2)DADAE'U2)C9lRS'8E£¨)§¹C-'87U.5'8?BE+(~.5'i2¥)§(/1K87A2)QB0%'o@B*=QBQ6*b2)@B/17AK,.+'i¨8§ (+?AE>R2)C=*-(=L~¸*W2)(+(?A0%*
2±.dn'jadD:2)E+2)0%*-.5E/1Ch(?AER2)C-*i')R.+9A*hRS'8E+0
% P T % -

P T =
% > P

¯`9A/6(0%*b2)7B(=^)nO*[9:2bF8*<.59AE*=*W¥4§¼RS?A7AC].5/1')7A( % « P Tg¬ x M % T M Á2)C-.+/17AKI'87.+9A*@A/´È*-E+*-7Y.N;:2)(*

F8*-C-.+'8E+({ %!LNk:'8E2`@A/6(+C=E*-.+*O7Y?A0±;J*=Eµ')RB(52)0%DAQ6*=@iD')/17U.5(-^
^ « P s 4 P P w T s 4 T T w
P T M h¬W')7_.59B*(+?BER2)C-*)^nO*±C=2)7Â7A'n»/67Y.+*=ED'8Q124.5*h.+9A* (?AER2)C-*±;UTV?A(+/67AK¦2#¥)§ @A/6(+C=E*-.+*

k:'8?AE/1*=E.+E52)7B(RS'8E0 « ¥)§ad§hkN¯I¬,2)7B@Ç.+9A*=72)DADAQ´Tª2)7t/17UF)*=E+(*¦¥4§Ã@A/6(+C-E+*-.+*#k:'8?BE+/1*-E,.5E+2)7A(>RS'8E+0
« ¥4§adM¡§hkN¯I¬gLB¯`9A*(+?AE>R2)C=*iC=2)7V.+9A*=E*-RS'8E*i;*2)DADBE+'bfo/10324.5*-@_24(W2%(*=E+/6*=(W*]foD:247A(+/6'87
P

T % > P > _

> _
%

T
T
P -

P
T
T

ÊI*=E+*n*q9:2bF8*±E*=DAQ12)C=*-@_.+9A*/60#2)K)/17:2)E>T¦?AT 7B/6.U/ 4 T nW/6.+9V.+9AE+*-*@A/´È*-E+*-7Y.,E+').524.5/6'87V2jfo*=(-^

E+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.+*=@;YT_.59A*;A/6F)*=C-.+'8E+( % ^nW/6.+8 9 4 T Lq¯`9A*lC-'80%DAQ1*gfªk:'8?AE/1*-E,(+*-E+/6*=(C-'o* 3C-/1*-7Y.+(

2)E*,C=')7Y.52)/17B*=@¦/67#.59A*IF8*-C-.5')E+( .59:2j.[ Q1/6*/673.+9A*DAQ12)7A*,(D:2)7A7B*=@;UT L~¸*,nW/1Q6Q:Cb2)Q6QJ.+9A% *=0
DA9:24(+*qF)*=C].5'8E(=L`¯`9A*-(+*qF)*=C].5'8E(,Cb247Â ;J*');B.2)/67A*=@V;UT_2#¥)§ad§hkN¯Ä')RN.+9A*q(+ 2)0%DAQ1*iDJ'8/17U.5(
'87Â.+9A*±(?AER2)C-*)Lh²KU2)/17Vn*lK82)/17V.59A*±DJ'8((+/1;B/1Q1/´.dT')R<2#Q6'n[adD:2)((,'8;Y\*=C-.i@B*=(+C-E+/6DB.5/6'87°;UTÂ?B(+/17BK
'87AQ´T32q(+?B;A(+*].W')Rk:'8?AE+/6*=E<@A*=(C=E/1DB.+'8E+(-L
~fB2)0%DAQ6*,/1032)K8*-(G')R2Cb24E0%'o@A*-QJ2)E+*(+9A'nW7/17%m:K8?AE*
TÌL
2 4 3 4
10 51 6 32
kN/6K8?AE+* T Ì x µ *]R. x §/6È*=E+*-7U.<2)DADAE'fo/60#24.+/1'87Q1*-F)*=Q6(£')R.+9A*W(+?AE>R2)C=*W0%'o@B*=Q!LMd7.59A*`*gfA2403DAQ6*=(O¥o^
Ì ^ T 247A@ 1T k:'8?AE+/6*=EG@A*-(+C=E/1DB.+'8E+(2)E+*?A(+*-@eL!W/1K89U. x &'8(*E+*-(+?AQ´.5(O')Re.59B*Q6'vn[a
D:2)((
C=')7Y.+'8?AE(I@B?AE+/67AKl.59A*iM [&C-THC-Q1*)L
¥ T
¸*7A'n³C-'87U.5/17Y?A*inW/6.+9V.+9A*2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0©RS'8EW(+/6Q19A'8?B*-.+.+*i;:2)(+*-@ÂDJ'8(+**=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87'4R~(+?BER2)C-*
0%'o@A*-Q1(-L`Md7Â'8?AEI(+C-*=7:24E+/1'B^JnO*l2)((+?A0%*.+'#9:2bF)*±*]fH.5E+2)C-.+*=@°.+9A*q(/1Q69A'8?A*].+.5*')RG247Â'8;H\*-C-.,/17°247
/1032)K8*4LN¯'C-'803DA2)E+*WDJ'8/17U.5(<'87%.59A*I/1032)K8*`(/1Q19B'8?A*-..5*WnW/6.+9%.+9A*,(?AER2)C-*0%'H@A*=Qy^Y.+9A*I/1@A*=2/6(<.+'
nO'8E+X%nW/6.593.59A'8(*hD')/17U.5(O'87¦.59A*,(+?AE>R2)C=*h0%'o@B*=QÀnW9A/1C9Q1/6*')7¦.59A*')?B.5Q6/17A*')R2¥)§ DAE'j\*=C].5/1')7
')R.59A*i'8;Y\*=C-.=L
¯`9A/1(03*=2)7A(nO*n')E+XnW/6.59¦.+9A*h¨8§ (/1Q69A'8?A*].+.5*')R.59B*(+?AE>R2)C=*,03'H@A*=QÀnW/6.+9E+*-(+DJ*=C-.`.+'.59B*
Cb2403*-E52BL¯'h'8;o.2)/67.59A/6(=^8.+9A*[/1@B*b2/1(.5'hDAE'j\*=C].£.59A*[nW9A')Q1*[(?AER2)C-*`'872,FH/1E>.5?:2)Qo/1032)K8*4L¯`9B*=7
.59B*%C-'87U.5'8?BE/6(hCb2)Q6C=?AQ124.5*-@t2)7A@ÇRSE+'80 .59A*/1032)K8*C='87U.5')?AEh.59A*%¨8§©(+/6Q19A'8?B*-.+.+*l')R<.59A*(+?BER2)C-*
0%'o@A*-Q/1(È*=C=')7A(.+E+?AC].5*=@L[¯`9A*C='87U.5')?AE0%'H@A*=Qe/6(`.59A*-7_?A(*=@ÂnW/´.59A/67'8?AEWC='87U.+'8?AEW;:2)(*=@ÂDJ'8(*
*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87¾24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0_L I').5*4^.59A24.n*V0#24X)*V?A(+*V')R')?AEC='87U.5')?AE>a
;:2)(+*-@DJ'8(+*V*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87
2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0 nW9A/6C9¼/6(%;A2)(+*-@¿'87Á'8?AEDJ'8/17U.;:2)(*=@¼D'8(**=(.+/10324.5/6'87¾2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0 .5't@A*=2)Q[nW/6.+9
(+/6Q19A')?A*-..5*h;:2)(*=@VRSE+*=*ga
RS'8E0 DJ'8(+*i*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7¦')R(+?AE>R2)C=*03'H@A*-Q1(=L
Nk /1K)?AE+* T ox §/6È*=E*=7U.WD')(+*iE+*-(+?AQ´.5(W')R.59A*i'8;H\*-C-.I0%'o@A*-Q!L

¯`9A*#C-'87UF8*-E+K8*-7AC=*;J*=9:2bFH/1')Eq')RO.59A*#2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0½/1(i(+9A'nW7®/67tm:K)?AE+* T Ì L²(Cb247;J*3(*=*=7^
nO*tE*-m:7B*Ç.+9A*ÇD')(+*ªE+*-(+?AQ´.5(;UT ?A(/17AKÁ2®Q1'n[a
D:2)(+(24DADAE+'bfo/10324.+/1'87'4R.+9A*Ç(+?AE>R2)C=*Ç247A@;UT
2)@A@B/17AK°(?AC=C-*=((+/6F)*=Q´TÅ9A/6K89A*=ERSE+*-pH?B*=7AC-/1*=(l@B?AE+/67AKÂ.59B*#/6.+*=E+24.5/6'87eL_kN/1K8?BE+* T (+9B'vnW(l@B/6È*=E+*-7U.
DJ'8(+*3E+*=(?AQ6.+('8;o.2)/67A*=@tnW/6.59'8?AEq2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0VL I').5*4^N.59A24.')?AE24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A03(i24E+*%*-F8*-7¾2);AQ6*%.+'
@A*=2)QenW/6.+9V7B'87oad9B'803')K8*=7A*-'8?A(W;:2)CXYK8E'8?A7A@_2)7A@nW/6.+9Cb2)0%*=E+27B'8/1(*)L
3 ['! *;% "* F ! =* 6 ( [ 6 2() ( 6 '# 2'!#[&[

¯`9A/6(<DA2)E.<DAE*=(+*-7U.5([2473*gfo.+*=7A(/1'873')Re')?AE<2)DADAE'U2)C9RS'8EG(+?AE>R2)C=*I;:2)(*=@3RSE*=*ga
RS'8E0ÉD')(+*W*=(>.5/1032ja
.5/6'87_.+'¦0±?AQ´.5/6DAQ1*h(?AER2)C-*±D:24.+C9A*=(-Lh¯`9A*±E*b2)('87°/1(I.59:2j.,(*-F8*-E52)QN'8;H\*=C].5(C=2)7ª;J*E+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.+*=@
;UT¦.59B*=/1E/17AC-Q1?A@A*-@RSE+*=*ga
RS'8E0 DA2)E.+(`03'8E**b24(+/1Q´T8L£²(+(+?B03*RS'8E`*gfB2)03DBQ1*h2±.5*=2±D'4.bL£² .5*=2lD').
C=')7A(+/6(.5(W')RN29:2)7A@AQ6*)^:2lC-'87U.2)/67A*=EI2)7A@_2l(+DJ'8?B.=L
¯'@A*=2)Q:nW/6.59l.+9A*=(*0±?BQ6.5/6DAQ1*(+?AE>R2)C=*WD:24.+C9A*=(O(+/60±?AQ6.52)7A*-'8?A(+Q´T±24(GnO*=Q6QÀ2)(GnW/6.59'HC=C-Q1?A(/1'87A(
'8EOD:2)E.+/P2)QÀ'HC=C-Q1?A(/1'87A(<')R.+9A*,D:2j.5C9A*-(È+*=pY?A/6E+*-([20%'o@B/6m:C=24.5/6'873'4Re.59A*,DAE+*-(+*=7U.[RSE*=*ga
RS'8E0ÃDJ'8(*
*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'8724Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0_L
¯`9A*032)/67hD'8/67U./6(.59:24.µnO*(>.5/1Q6Q)nO'8E+XnW/´.59'87A*GFo/6E.+?:2)QY¨8§¾(+/6Q19A'8?B*-.+.+*G')RB.+9A*O');H\*=C].nW9A/6C9
/1(7A'nºK8*=7A*-E524.+*=@°RSE'80.59A*±/67AC=Q6?A@A/67AK%RSE*=*ga
RS'8E0 DA24.5C9A*-(=Li¯`9A/6(,E+*-pY?A/1E*=(h2#0%'H@A/6m:C=24.5/6'87V')R
¥8¥
kN/6K8?AE+* T x kN/6E+(.,D')(+*±E*=(+?BQ6.5(h'4R£.59A*±.+*b2¦DJ').bLh¯`9A*lDBE+'j\*-C-.5*-@Ç'8;H\*=C].i03'H@A*-QFH/1(?:2)Q1/6c=*-(.59B*
pY?:2)Q6/6.dT¦'4R.+9A*¨8§ºDJ'8(*)L
.59B*l¨8§ E*=C=')7A(.+E+?AC].5/1')7Ç2)Q1K8')E+/6.+9A0 RSE'80.59A*Fo/6E.+?:2)Q/1032)K8*)^À;A?o.,.59B*±;:2)(/1CDJ'8(*±*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87
2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0½/1(h.59B*3(+2)03*4L¦M
.q/1((.5/6Q1Q£2VC='87U.+'8?AE;:2)(+*-@ÅDJ'8(+*%*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87t2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0 /17BC=Q1?B@A/17AK
'8?AEW'8?o.5Q1/6*=EO*=Q1/603/67:24.+/1'87303*].59A'H@nW/6.59B/17¦.59B*M [&Nad2)Q1K8')E+/6.+9A0 x
kN/6K8?AE+* T uox N
fB2)03DBQ1*,/60#24K8*=(<')Rµ.59A*.5E524CX)*=@.+*b2±DJ').bL~¯`9B*h9:2)7A@K8E+2)(+DB/17AK.+9A*,.+*b2DJ').`Q6*b2)@A(
.5''8?B.5Q6/1*-E+(#@B?AE+/67AK.59B*ª/1032)K8*V(+/1Q69A'8?A*].+.+*Â*]fH.+E52)C].5/1')7nW9A/1C9¹2)E*°@A*].5*=C].5*-@247A@
*=Q6/10%/17:2j.5*=@#@A?AE+/67AKl.59A*iDJ'8(+*i*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7eL
¸*#2)(+(?A0%*#2)7*]fH.5E+2)C-.+*=@Å/60#24K8*l(+/6Q19A'8?B*-.+.+*#247A@(>.2)E>.nW/´.59t.59A*%E+*-C='87A(>.5E?AC-.+/1'87Å'4R.59B*
1/ 032)K8*,C='87U.5')?AEWD'8/67U.5([.5'%¨8§³DAE'j\*=C].5/6'87E52bTH(=L<¯`9A/1(È*=C=')7A(.+E+?AC].5/1')7_/6(`'87AQ6T#*=(>.5/10324.+*=@'87AC-*
RS'8E*b2)C9/1032)K8*)L#¯`9A*=7.+9A*#DA2)E.+(q')R.59A*3'8;H\*=C].±0%'o@B*=QG2)E*#DAE'j\*=C].5*=@/17Å2FH/1E>.5?:2)QG/60#2)K)*)L
o/67AC=*#nO*2)((+?A0%*#.+9A*¦(+?BER2)C-*D:2)E.+(±2)(E+/1K)/1@AQ´TªC='8?BDAQ1*-@e^~n*#*]fH.5E+2)C-.%2)7B@ÅE+*-C='87A(>.5E?AC-.'87B*
¨8§(/1Q19B'8?A*-..5*¦'4R`.59A*(?AER2)C-*03'H@A*-Q!L°¯'ª'8;B.52)/17.+9A/1(-^~n*?B(+*/17DAE+/67AC=/6DAQ1*%.59A*24DADAE+'82)C9
DAE*=(+*-7U.5*=@/67q.59B*DAE*-FH/1'8?B(~(+*-C-.5/6'87e^4;A?B.~*gfH.5*=7U.£.+9A*C-'87U.5'8?AEE+*-C='87A(>.5E?AC-.+/1'87nW/´.59.+9A*C-'87U.5'8?BE
7Y?A0±;J*=E-L
¯`9A*=7qn*O2)DADAQ´T,.+9A*¨)§ÁC-'87U.5'8?AEµ'87'8?AEµC-'87U.5'8?AE;:2)(*=@qD'8(*G*=(.+/10324.5/6'87i2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0V^=nW9A/6C9
C=')7Y.52)/17B(±2)7M [&~ad2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0 247A@'8?BEqK8E+2)@A/6*=7U.@B*=(+C-*=7U.0%*-.59B'o@tRS'8EiD'8(*#*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7eL#¸*
.59B*=7.5E+2)7A(RS')E+0©.59A*h(?AER2)C-*h03'H@A*-QJnW/´.59¦.59B*D')(+*hCb24Q1C=?BQP24.+*=@#RSE'80Ã.+9A*C-'87U.5'8?AE`;A2)(+*-@VDJ'8(*
¥)¨
*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87Á2)Q6K8'8E/6.59B0 2)7B@¿/17BC=E+*=2)(+*.59B*_Q6'vn[a
D:2)((#2)DBDAE+'bfo/10324.5/6'87®')Rh*=2)C9¿(?AER24C=*ÂDA24.5C9eL
o/67AC=*W.59A*I2)(D*-C-.O')R.+9A*I'8;H\*=C].0%'H@A*=QAC=2)7#C9A2)7AK8*24R.5*-E£.59A*I/6.+*=E52j.5*=@%E+/6K8/1@±.+E52)7B(RS'8E0#24.+/1'87B(=^
nO*hK8*=7A*-E524.+*i27A*]n ¨8§³(/1Q19B'8?A*-..5* x ¯`9A*i2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0 C='87U.5/67Y?A*=(`nW/6.+92±7A*]nDAE'j\*=C].5/6'87')R.59B*
'8;H\*-C-.G0%'o@B*=QB/67l2,FH/1E>.5?:2)Qo/1032)K8*2)7A@±.59B*`Q1'H'8D±E+*-D*=24.5(~.+/1Q6QY.+9A*W2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0³C-'87UF8*-E+K8*-(=L<kN/1K)?AE+*
T ¦(9A'nW(m:E(.iDJ'8(+*lE*=(?AQ6.+('4R<.+9A*l'8;H\*-C-.0%'o@A*-Q!LiM
.iCb247t;J*l(+*-*=7t.59:24.D:2)E.+/P2)Q6Q6T'HC=C-Q1?A@A*-@
(+?BER2)C-*DA2)E.+(24E+*i7A'DAE+');AQ1*-0 RS'8E[.59B*q24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0_L
kN/1K)?AE+* Tvu (9A'nW(IRS?AE>.59A*-EW*]fB2)0%DAQ1*h/60#2)K)*=([@A?BE+/17BK3247V'4.59A*-EI/60#24K8*(+*-pY?A*=7AC-*C-'87U.2)/67A/17AK
¨ /1032)K8*-(=L¯`9A*%0#24/17t2)(+DJ*=C].'4RO.+9A/1(i/1032)K8*l(*=pY?A*-7AC=*¦/6(.5'V(+9A'n .+9:24.'8?AE2)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0 /1(
*-F)*=7_2);AQ6*,.5'@A*=2)QnW/6.+9'8?B.+Q1/1*-E+(O@A?AE+/67AKl/1032)K8*DAE+'HC=*-(+(/17AKlnW9A/6C9_24E+*hCb24?A(+*-@_;UT¦.+9A*h9Y?A0#247
9:2)7B@VK)E52)(DA/17AK±.+9A*.5*=2±D'4.bL£¯`9A/6(`/1([@A')7A*h;UT¦'8?AE`')?B.5Q6/1*=EO*=Q6/10%/17:24.+/1'870%*-.+9A'o@24(`@A*=(C=E+/6;*-@
/17.+9A*iDAE+*]Fo/6'8?A(W(+*-C-.+/1'87eL
3 5T *;% " ( 6 ')#$[ * Q *;%& '=*,# #[&'*;%&

¸*,7A'n¹/17U.+E+'H@A?AC=*9A'n .5'qC='8?ADBQ1*,XY/67A*=0324.5/6CWC9:2)/17B(<nW/´.59A/673.59B*,(+?BER2)C-*,0%'o@A*-QJ2)7A@¦DAE*=(*=7U.
2±DJ'8(+**-(.+/10324.5/6'87¦2)Q6K8'8E/6.59B0ÉnW9A/1C9*-(.5/60#2j.5*=(O.59A*hDJ'8(+*2)7A@2)7AK)Q1*,C-'87Bm:K)?AE524.+/1'87B([(+/60±?AQ6.52ja
7A*-'8?A(+Q´T8L
Tracking assumption Correspondence estimation Pose estimation
Iteration
Nk /1K8?BE+* T)(ox ¯`9A*;:2)(+/6Ci2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0 x M
.+*=E52j.5/6F)*iC='8EE+*=(D')7A@A*=7BC=*q2)7A@VD'8(*i*=(.+/10324.5/6'87eL
²(+?BER2)C-*[/1(K8/6F)*=7l/17.5*-E+0%(~')R:.59BE+*=*`¥vadD:24E52)0%*-.+E+/1C£RS?A7BC-.5/6'87A(nW/6.59E+*=(D*-C-.£.+',.59A*D:2)E5240a
*-.+*=E( P[2)7A@ TbLk:?AE.+9A*=E03'8E*)ÂnO*±2)((+?A0%*q2%(*-.')RJ\'8/67U.5( :%
L OT?A(+/67AK32)7_*gfH.5E52RS?A7AC].5/1')7
« P T ¬ s :%
:% x /y.+9eL\'8/17U. w ^Gn*_2)E*2);AQ1*.+'tK)/6F8**]F8*=E>T¾7A'H@A*V2¦\'8/67U.lQ1/6(.%2)Q6'87AK°.59B*
XY/17A*-0#2j.5/1CC9:2)/17C L ').+*)^.59:2j.hn*%?A(+*_s w 2)7B@7A'4N . X YY^(+/67AC=*l.59B*\')/17U.5(i2)E*lK8/6F)*=7t'8E+@B*=E+*-@
2)Q6'87AK.59B*IXY/67A*=0324.5/6C[C9:2)/67e!L o/67AC=*`.+9A*I2)E+0%(£C='87U.52)/17l.dnO'qXY/17B*=0324.5/6C`C9:2)/17B( « RS'8E~.59B*IQ6*-R.G247A@
E+/6K89U.<2)E+0 (+*-D:2)E52j.5*=Q´TB¬]Ûn*I/17U.+E+'H@A?AC=*W2RS?AE>.59A*-EG/17A@A*gfl.5'i(*=D:2)E+24.5*W.59B*\'8/17U.5(G'87l.+9A*WQ1*-R.<24E+0
RSE+')0.59A*'87A*-('87V.59A*E+/6K89U.2)E+0VL¯`9A*`\'8/17U.+(W.+9A*=0%(+*-Q6F)*=(24E+*E+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.5*-@t2)(');H\*=C].5(,/67Â247
*]fH.+E52qm:*-Q1@ « 2qQ6'o')XUa
?AD.2);AQ6*¬£2)7A@3.59A*-/1E<D:2)E52403*].5*=E(OC=2)7¦;J*,24C=C=*-(+(*=@/10%03*-@A/P2j.5*=Q´TqRSE'80É.59B*
\'8/67Y.I/67A@A*]f_7Y?A0±;J*=E(=LIk:?AE.+9A*=E03')E+*)^À/´.,/6(IDJ'8((+/1;BQ1*i.5'3.+E52)7B(RS'8E0.59A*qQ1'HCb24.+/1'87')R.59A*`\'8/17U.5(
/17ª(D:2)C-* « 2)(iC=Q12)E+/´m:*=@°/67Ç(+*=C].5/6'87¥oL T ¬]L±k:'8E,D'8(**=(.+/10324.5/6'87°')RO2DJ'8/17U. % 24.+.52)C9A*-@t.+'
.59B* J.59±\'8/17U.I2)Q6'87AK±.+9A*iXH/67A*=0324.+/1CC9:24/17e^BnO*K8*=7A*-E524.+*iC='87A(>.5E+2)/17U.I*=pY?:24.+/1'87B(`')RN.+9A*hRS'8E+0
P - - - % - - - P *

% -
¯'('8Q6F)*2¦(+*-.i'4RO(?AC9tC='87A(>.5E+2)/17U.h*-pH?A24.5/6'87A(nO*lQ1/17B*b2)E/1c=*.59A*l0%').+'8*E ; nW/6.+9ªE+*-(+DJ*=C-.i.+'
.59B*±?A7AXY7A'nW7ª.dnW/1(>. 2)7A@°.59B*±03'4.5'8E( ; %NnW/´.59°E*=(D*-C-.h.5'3.59A*±?B7AXY7A'nW72)7BK8Q1*-( %
Lh¯`9B*
.dnW/1(>.5( %2)E+*hXY7A'nW7°2DAE/1'8E/!L
¥Ì
Left arm
100
angle (degree)
80
Elbow
60
40
20
Wrist
0
Shoulder (up)
−20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Frame Nr.
Right arm 50
Shoulder (up)
angle (degree)
0
Wrist
−50
Elbow
−100
−150
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
T x *-R. x
Frame Nr.
kN/6K8?AE+* Nk /1E(.WDJ'8(+*iE+*-(+?AQ´.5(`nW/6.+9V2 %§iZhkÅXY/17A*-0#24.+/1CC9A2)/17eL W /1K89U. x ²,7AK)Q1*=(W')R.59B*
Q1*]R.W2)7A@VE+/6K89U.I2)E+0 @A?AE/17AKl.59B*i.+E52)CX4*=@_/1032)K8*(*=pY?A*=7BC=*)L
`¯ 9A*i;:2)(/1ChDJ'8(+*i*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87¦2)Q1K8')E+/6.+9A0©/1(FH/6(+?:2)Q6/1c-*=@/17m:K)?AE+* T)(ox ¸*h(>.2)E>.`nW/6.59(/10%DAQ1*
/1032)K8*DAE+'HC=*-(+(/17AKl(>.5*=DB(W.+'lKU2)/67#.59A*h(/1Q69A'8?A*].+.5*,/17BRS'8E0#2j.5/1')73')Rµ.+9A*DJ*=E+('87;UT?A(+/67AK2±C=')Q1'8E
.59BE+*=(9A'8Q6@_247A@V2 µ2)DBQP2)C-*'8DJ*=E52j.5'8E-L£¯`9A*=7n*iDAE'j\*=C].W.59A*h(?AER2)C-*i03*-(+9/172±FH/1E>.5?:2)Q/1032)K8*
2)7A@_*=(>.5/10324.+*h/6.5(I¨8§»C=')7Y.+'8?AE-L
G2)C9ÂDJ'8/17U.I'87.59A*q¨8§»C='87U.+'8?AEICb2)EE+/1*-(I2%K8/´F8*-7\'8/67Y.W/67A@A*gfL
¯`9A*-7VnO*i*=(.+/10324.5*.59A*hC-'8E+E*=(+DJ'87A@B*=7AC-*=(,;UT?B(+/17BK2)7M [&~ad2)Q1K)'8E+/´.59A0VôK)*=7A*-E524.+*.59A*i(TH(>.5*=0
')R*=pY?:2j.5/1')7A(=^:('8Q6F)*.59A*-0_^B.+E52)7B(RS'8E0 .59B*h'8;H\*=C].2)7A@/6.+(\'8/17U.+(W2)7A@/6.+*=E52j.5*,.+9A/1([DBE+'HC=*=@B?AE+*4L
§?AE/17AKV/6.+*=E52j.5/1')7ÇnO*#(>.2)E>.qnW/´.592_Q6'vn[a
D:2)((q'8;Y\*=C-.qE+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.524.5/6'87®2)7B@E+*]m:7A*3/6.;UT?B(+/17BK
9A/6K89A*=E[RSE*=pY?A*-7AC=/6*=(=L<¯`9A/6(I9B*=Q1DB(W.+'%2F)'8/1@Q6'oC=2)Qe0%/17A/60#2@A?AE+/67AK/6.+*=E52j.5/1')7eL
kN/1E(.WE*=(+?BQ6.5(W')R.59B*q24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0Ã2)E+*i(+9B'vnW7V'87.59A*iQ6*-R.`')Rm:K8?BE+* T x ¯`9A*im:K8?BE+*hC=')7Y.52)/17B(
.dnO'hD'8(*[E+*-(+?AQ´.5( H/´.~(9A'nW(£'87±*b24C9%pY?:24@AE52)7U.~.+9A*['8E/1K8/67:2)QY/1032)K8*O2)7A@'vF)*=EQP2)/6@.59A*DAE+'j\*-C-.+*=@
¨8§¹D')(+*)LN¯`9A*W').59A*-E£.dn'/1032)K8*-(~(+9A'n.+9A*`*=(>.5/60#24.+*=@,\'8/67Y.<247AK8Q1*-(£/172FH/1E>.5?:2)QB*=7UFH/1E+')7A03*-7U.
.5'VFH/1(+?A2)Q1/6c=*l.59A*%*=EE+'8Eq;*].dn*-*=7Å.+9A*3K)E+'8?A7B@.5E?B.59Å2)7A@.+9A*#*-(.+/10324.5*-@DJ'8(+*4L¯`9A*3.+E52)CX4*=@
/1032)K8*N(+*=pY?A*-7AC=*OC='87U.52)/17A(¥
`/1032)K8*=(-LµMd7.+9A/1((*=pY?A*=7BC=*OnO*G?A(+*e\?A(>..+9AE+*-*\'8/17U.5(')7*=2)C9±24E+0
2)7A@q7A*=K)Q1*=C]..+9A*<(+9A'8?BQ1@A*-E « ;:2)CXo¬A\'8/67U.bL¯`9A*E/1K89U.@A/P24K8E52)0')RAm:K)?AE+* T W(+9A'nW(N.+9A*O*-(.+/10324.5*-@
2)7AK)Q1*=(`'4R.+9A*\'8/17U.+([@A?AE/17AK±.+9A*i/1032)K8*,(*=pY?A*-7AC=*4L¯`9A*2)7AK)Q1*=(Cb2)7V*b2)(/1Q´T#;J*h/1@A*-7U.5/6mA*=@nW/6.+9
.59B*±(+*-pH?B*=7AC-*)L o/17BC=*q.+9A*±0%'F8*=0%*=7U.h'4R£.59A*q;'H@BTV/1(C='87U.5/67Y?A'8?A(-^.59A**=(.+/10324.5*-@ÂC-?AEF)*=(i2)E*
2)Q6(+'E+*-QP24.+/6F8*-Q6T3(+0%'o'4.59eL

Md7Å.59B*=(+*DA2)K8*=(qn*KU2bF)*2Â;AE+/6*-RW'F8*-EFH/1*]n'87RS'8?A7A@:2j.5/1')7A(±2)7B@®@A*-F)*=Q1')D*-@¼24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A03(hRS'8E
¥)§ad¨8§ DJ'8(+**-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7eL°¸*;J*=K82)7ÅnW/6.+9¾2°;AE+/6*-RI/17U.5E'o@B?AC-.+/1'87.+' Q1/´È'8E@®2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)(±247A@
@A*-(+C=E/1;J*=@V9A'n.+'%0%'H@A*=Q.+9A*iD')(+*i(+C-*=7:2)E/1'/17.+9A*iC='87BRS')E+032)QK8*-'80%*-.5E/1Ch24Q1K8*-;AE52BL~¸*h?A(*=@
¥
.59B*hQP2)7AK)?:2)K8*')R Q1/´È'8E@2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)(O.+'l@A*-F)*=Q6'8DV2)7A@*]fH.+*=7A@DJ'8(+*h(C=*=7A2)E+/6'8(RS'8EF42)E/1'8?B(O.dTHD*-(
')RO'8;H\*-C-.5(-Ll¯`9A*=E*-RS'8E*ln*(.52)E.+*=@ªnW/6.+9Ç(+/10%DAQ6*DJ'8/17U.i2)7B@Q6/17A*q;:2)(+*-@E*=DAE*=(*=7U.24.+/1'87B(q247A@
C=')7Y.+/17Y?A*-@FH/P2¾XY/17A*-0#24.+/1C°C9A2)/17A(-^hC-THC=Q6'8/1@A2)QC=?BEF8*-( « .dnW/6(.VK8*-7A*=E+24.5*-@C=?BEF8*-(¬.5'ÁK8*=7A*-E52)Q
RSE+*-*]a!RS'8E+0ÉC-'87U.5'8?BE+([247A@3(?AER24C=*=(-L£¸*IC='87BC=Q1?B@A*=@%nW/6.59.59B*C-'8?ADAQ6/17AKi')R(+?AE>R2)C=*03'H@A*=Q6(~nW/6.+9
XY/17A*-0#2j.5/1CiC9:24/17A(,.+'#*-7A@ª?AD°/67_.59B*qm:*-Q1@°')R~9H?B0#2)7Â03').+/1'87V*=(>.5/60#24.+/1'87L`Md7A@A*=*-@e^.+9A*=E*±2)E*
(.+/1Q6Q032)7UT¦24(+DJ*=C-.+(W'87¦.59A*hDJ'8(*(+C-*=7:2)E/1'?A7U.5')?AC9A*=@_2)7A@')?AERS?B.+?AE+*hE*=(+*=2)E+C9nW/1Q6QC-'87U.5/67H?B*
/17F42)E/1'8?A(`@B/1E+*-C-.+/1'87A(-L£¯`9A*iE+*=2)@A*=EW/6([n*-Q1C=')03*h.5'C9A*-CX'8?AE`9A'80%*=DA2)K8*=(W7A'n 2)7A@.59A*-7L´L6L
/t ) 8" [,

] ) h)%3oy¢ h)=3Hy¢)^À&£9:§º¯`9B*=(+/6(=^ T
BL

s T=w ²,E;B.5*-E &lLq² 37B/17UF42)E+/12)7U.5*lk:'8?AE/1*-E+@A*-(+XYE+/6DB.5'8E*=7ª*-;*-7A*=E &h?AEF)*=7 JH:1: µ:)]
s ¥ w ²,E;B.5*-E &lLv2)7B@ ?BE+XY9:2)E@B.ÊqL=

£/17k:'8?AE/1*=E¡a *-ER2)9AE*=7ic=?BE O*=(.+/10%0±?A7AK`F)'87_*-E+XY032)Q1*-7

?A7A@ HC[9 24 .5c-?A7AK@A*-7E µ2)K8*-D:2)E+2)03*].5*-E*-;*-7A*=E 2)?B03XY?AE>F8*=7L ]bbjg%)!jB]¡H: j^ ')Q!L
¨8¨BR^ I'AL T ^:DBDeL T ja>¥ o^ T
T L

s ¨ w *=(Q&L BL ¯`9B*ÂRSE+*-*]a
RS')E+0 (+?AE>R2)C=*°0324.+C9A/17AKDAE+');AQ1*-0_L ÇHH 1]!jÇbj eH5

i#]B]!jJ) e] 5]%): i¤
IÙ¤ j^£DBDeLG¥ a 1u T ^²,Cb24@A*=0%/1C&£E*=(+(-^ o2)7¾§/1*-K8'A^
T

oL

s Ì w '8?A032¯hL ²qLk:E'80?A7A'8E/1*-7Y.+*=@°(?A;A(D:2)C=*-(.5'3;AQP2)@B*q'8DJ*=E+24.5')E+(Md7 UJ !+ j#]g!
!* /. 0 !1 "#$%$& '() )* +, -
, ¢H==jWbj Oj, H¡] e]!]#)J IOH¢)]gH¢ ±j5] £¤ ±j) G¤
)J ej]J= A¤
I[)dj5 j^ /1EXH9 2) ?A(+*-E *=E+Q12)KAôDADeL ja ( Â¥
T L
I
4 5 2
s jw E+*-K8Q1*-E ,LJ2)7A
6 5 /7 98 3
@ Â2)Q1/6X BL<¯E+2)CXY/17AK3DA*=')DAQ1*hnW/6.+9V.>nW/1(>.5(2)7A@V*-foD')7A*=7U.5/12)Q0%2)DA(-L 4I>I>I
Oj, od] e]!] Ojbb]5]qj Oj, Hd] µ1]!j°)J [)¡]g W+¢):!j:^ B247Y.52
[2)E;:2)E52o^ [2)Q1/´RS'8E+7B/P2B^YDADeL ( a TT
( L
s w µ/6;AE524ET8^ ² F /6;AE52)E>T RS')E Q1/´È'8E@ ²,Q6K8*=;AE+2BL ²F42)/6QP2);AQ6* 24.
:;: : * < =
9U.+.5D x n`n`niL DJ*=E>n[2)((=L @A* µH5] UH O H U+¢): ) Àv]d]# : )]5] !]
¥
T L
?> @

s ujw [2)0%DA;*-Q1Q iL BLO2)7A@ kQ6TH7A7&L BL² (?AEF)*-T'4RRSE+*-*]a
RS')E+0 '8;H\*-C-.E*=DAE*=(+*-7U.24.+/1'87 247A@
3A B C&D
E+*-C='8K87B/6.5/6'87.+*=C9A7A/6pY?A*=(-L E
!
Oj, Hd] 1]!j)J g%¢H µJH]]!)J)H¢)^ 'BL (KT ^
DADeL T
ja¡¥ T BÂ¥
T L
@
s (4w Z + '87B7A'8E BL BL 2)7A@ W'8;*-E.+(+'87
`L kOL kÀ2)0%'8?A( ?AEF)*=( Md7A@A*]f
FCGCGIH0JLKKNMMMPONFRQISTGVUNWCXZY\[B]SY^STGPO`_Na`bWdceMfS&YL_P]&YhgPiVKTFRQSTGVUeWCXdKej;gPWIkPcdSKej;g`WkPcdS&YFCGI[ml
s w E+*-03*-E+(¦§±L¿² F42)E/P24.+/1'87:24QRSE52)0%*-nO'8EXÅRS'8E3/60#24K8*(+*-K803*-7U.24.+/1'87¼C='80±;B/17A/67AKÇ03').+/1'87
*=(>.5/10324.+/1'872)7A@¾(+9:24D*E+*-K8?AQ12)E+/6cb24.+/1'87e^ n] : ´¤AO jb-¤hjoO j,Hd]µ 1]!j)J
7[)yd]gp8W+¢):!jqA r7%8%j^J§,T8*=E ,L247A@°&*=E+')7:2¦&L «
£@A(-L ¬g^ Â24@A/1('87e^À¸¹/1(+C-'87A(/17e^
'8Q!L T A^ DADL j¨ a ( À^ ¥
)¨BL
4I>I>I
¥
$1 #$%$& (0 $ 0* +)$
s T w §'8E+(>.£L8¯`9A*</17A7A*-EµDAE+'H@A?AC].5(µ')RAK)*='80%*-.+E+/1C~2)Q1K8*-;AE52oL8Md7 UJ !+ j#]]! , ¢H==jÀbj
. 0 Oj, od] e]!]%)J IH¢)]gH¢
B¤
I`)dj5 j^ /6E+XY[9 2) ?A(*=E *=EQP2)KB^BDADeLÀ¨ a Ì o^À¥
T L
I 5*
j] ~¤ ±j) G¤[)J ej]J=
s T#T=w §'8E+(>. £LµÊI'87A/17BKK8*-'803*].5E/1CI2)Q1K)*=;AE+2iRS'8E</6.+(O?B(+*/673.59B*,C=')03DA?o.5*=E<(+C-/1*-7AC=*-(=LMd7Çs Ì w ^HDADeL

T ¥ u a T ¥o^B¥
T L
s T ¥ w §E+?A0%0%'87A@¯hLB247A@ /6D'8Q6QP2 iL I*=2)Qá!.5/10%*.+E52)CXY/17BK')R0?AQ6.+/1DAQ6*W2)E.+/1C=?BQP24.+*=@%(.5E?AC-.+?AE+*-(
? q
/17V0±?AQ´.5/1DBQ1*FH/1*]nW(=LIMd7 S ISH:+) Ojbb]5]lj Oj, od] 1]!j I
' FB= ]5] ´)J)^:&2)E.IMMÂDADeL ¥ jad
¨ B^À¥
BL
P 3A (
s T ¨ w kÀ2)?AK8*-E52)(<Z±L Y.5E52j.5/6mACb24.+/1'87l')R.59AE*=*gad@A/603*-7A(+/6'87:2)QBFH/6(+/1')7 x DBE+'j\*-C-.5/´F8*4^B2 %7A*I2)7B@#0%*-.5E/1C
3.
E+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.524.5/6'87A(=L : H]J) N¡ R )
J!+) e]!]¡ ,#]]!+)^ '8Q!L T ¥o^ 'AL ¨B^ T L
)0
s T Ì w r24Q1Q1/6*=E BL,rh*='80%*-.+E+/1
C _*].59A'H@A(247A@°²,DBDAQ1/6Cb24.+/1'87A(-LÀk:'8E ')03DA?o.5*=E oC=/6*=7AC-*l2)7A@
G7BK8/á
7A*=*-E+/67AKAL 8JgH¢H] J]g ´¢)R^ *]n <'8EX¦Md7AC)LJ¥
T

s Tjw ri'H@A@:24E+@ BL JL¦&')(+*¦247A@ V').5/6'8M 7
£(>.5/10324.+/1'87Çk:E+')0 /6(+/1')7 I(+/67AKÂ§?A2)
Q ?:24.5*-E+7A/6'87oa
, >
[2)(*=@
NfH.5*-7A@A*=@ &i2)Q60#247#kN/6Q6.+*=E+/67AKAL : )]5]3¡ ]: : 1]^Y&£9eL §±LH¯`9A*ga
(+/6(=^ T u L
s T w riE+2)7AQ6?A7A@¿rL¹k:'8?AE/1*-E%DBE+*=DBE+'HC=*=((+/67AKÅRS'8E%9:2)7A@¼DAE+/67Y.3C9:2)E+2)C-.+*=E¦E*=C-'8K87A/´.5/1')7eL 4I>I>I
6
A)B=H]!jBj Oj, H¡]5]^ ')Q!LÀ¥ T ÂDADeL T a>¥ T ^ T u ¥oL
-
s Tvujw riE/10%(+'87¦¸»L
`L £LOZh;Y\*=C-. W*=C=')K87A/6.+/1'87;UT '80%DA?B.+*=E=L e:
5 h^ T
BL
/ 2 "7 , O5 G)%=g¢H
s T)(4w Ê*-(.5*-7A*=(q§±LMd7UF42)E/P2)7U.i;J'o@BTÂXY/17A*-0#24.+/1C-( x ML o2)C=C=2)@A/1C247A@C-'80%D*-7A(524.+'8ETÂ*-T)*30%'F8*]a
03*-7U.5(=L H+) ]yj ]R^ I'AL u ^:DADeL Bu)u ^ T
Ì L
s T w Ê*-(.5*-7A*=([§±L6Q^ /ÊLB2)7B@ W'oCXUnO'o'H@¦²L I*-nÄ2)Q6K8*=;AE+2)/1C`.+'o'8Q6(<RS')EOC-QP2)((+/1C=2)QÀK8*=')03*].5ET)LMd7
s Ì w ^:DADeLÀ¨ja¡¥)¨B^:¥
T L
7 s ¥ w Ê*-(.5*-7A*=(§±L2)7A@ H'8;C-c-THX®rlL Q6/6È'8E+@²,Q6K8*=;AE+2_.5'ªri*-'803*].5E/1C [2)Q1C-?AQ1?A(-L q¤ W]H]

+&SA= ´¤ Oj,¤ ±j)H^ T ( Ì L
Z8
s ¥ T=w Ê*-(.5*-7A*=(W§±Lo2)7A
@ /6*=K8Q6*=E iLN&£E+'v\*=C-.+/6F)*K8*=')03*].5E+/6*InW/´.59 Q6/6È'8E+@#2)Q1K)*=;AE+2BL ]! UJ
+)JUH ª)S:]%)!+H]R^ I'AL ¥4¨B^:DADeL ¥ )¨B^ T
T L
s ¥8¥ w Ê'80%*=DA2)K8*=( Q6/6È'8E+@ « K8*=')03*].5E+/6C¬24Q1K8*-;AE52
FCFCGCGCGIGIH0H0JLJLKKKNKNMMMMMM YYîm]l`S&QY Q adVUeWUNWebZ[VYL_eUNGBWdQ(iK YhgàBQNOeiRQNc`lY b`c
FCFCGCGCGIGIH0H0JLJLKKKTKN[mMMUNMb`c`Y\[dlPW`Q a_`;UaCY^Gm];_S&[3YLl;Y _P_%]Y _PYhgCS(g0iVK YL\c;b;]IgfldK Q j dU;Wbd K YhF`G;[ml
FCFCGCGCGIGIH0H0JLJLKKKNK`M]IMl`MQ Y^VSCUN]CWQNbZcNamYhHC];F`c%XVYhgCSCkPQ(i0_ YhYhafgaBlKQ;ÒeiV_`KUTaRSTGP_N!a ZY b`cdK \ d_NgmS;cIWdK#" ]Il HdcÙTHml;c%Y^S(F`G;[ml
FCGCGIH0JLKKNMMMPO CWdUTgHmSY bV]S&Y STGPO_;a`bZY _V]&YhgCimK \ FrQISTGVU;WXdK#$V_eGIFVcN[V_eGBQ]CQN_eaBSIK;jPlPQdUeWb YhF`G;[Bl
¥u
s ¥)¨ w &hQ1*-..5* L<2)7B@ I')(+*=7oRS*=Q1@¿²L§/1K8/´.2)QWrh*=')03*].5ETÅalrh*='80%*-.+E+/1C _*].59A'H@A(#RS')E#§/6K8/6.52)Q
>
&£/1C-.+?AE+*h²7:2)Q´To(/1(-L jy¢U) !gg%)::^ B2)7Vk:E52)7BC=/1(C='A^:¥
Ì L
s ¥ Ì w '8E+?A((+'²L´^
£K8K8*=E>.¦§±L ¸»L<2)7A@¿kN/1(9A*=E
L ,L ² C='80%D:2)E/1('87¾')RRS'8?AE32)Q6K8'8E+/´.59A0%(RS'8E
;:
*=(>.5/10324.+/17AKq¨8§ E+/6K8/1@%.5E+2)7A(RS')E+0324.5/6'87A(=L ªHH 1]!jÂ)J UJ !+)y!jB]^ '8Q!L B^ 'AL
B^BDADeLJ¥ u ¥a>¥
o^ T u L

s ¥ jw Ê'8E+2)?A@ iL6Î&£9A'87BKÁ¯hL ±L`2)7A@ ¯2)'¾&L §±L Z;H\*=C].D')(+*°RSE+')0 ¥va
@¿.5'¾¨vad@ DJ'8/17U.247A@
.
Q1/67A*±C=')E+E+*-(+DJ'87A@A*-7AC=*-(=L ]:d]]J)!jJ) : HgJ) O¡ Oj, H¡] 1]!j
DADeL ¥8¥ ¥ Ì ¨B^ T
L
5 j^ '8QyL T ^ = # .BA P
)
s ¥ w &hE+/1*-K8032)7¾§±L BL´^ / \+2bT82)XY?A0#24E L6^2)7A@¼&'87AC-*)^ BL '87B(.5E+2)/17U.+(%RS'8ElE*=C-'8K87A/6c=/17BK247A@
Q1'HCb24.+/17AKhC-?AEF)*=@¨8§Ä'8;H\*-C-.5(<RSE+'80 0%'87A'HC=?BQP2)E£/60#2)K)*[RS*b24.+?AE+*-(=LMd7 O5+)H¢jh¡ Oj 7
2
od] 1]!j
I
( ¨8¨B^ T
U¥
3A (3 r
3
W¤ )J):
I[U¤ jL^ ( ( ^ oDAE+/67AK8*-E>a *-E+Q12)KAÛDADeL ( ¥
s ¥ ujw /WÊqL´^[Ê*-(.+*=7A*-(§±LG2)7A@ I'HCXUn'H'H@¿²L¿rh*=7A*-E52)Q6/1c=*-@¼9B'803')K8*=7A*-'8?A(C='H'8E@A/17:2j.5*=(lRS'8E

C='80%DA?B.524.5/6'87:2)QK8*=')03*].5ET)L£Md7Ås Ì w ^:DADLJ¥ u a ¥o^:¥ T L
s ¥ (4w *=* L ² /1(?:2)Q §/1C].5/1')7:2)ET ')R oDJ*=C-/P2)Q &£QP2)7A* ?AE>F8*=(-L
FCGCGIH0JLKK `_NFfl;cCc%YLUNWVK NHdcP]`QN_`l#"ml;_NadcCjeg`WIkVcPS bfQTWdKCSTHdcP]CQN_Pl#"Vl;_NaVcIjeg`WIkdcPS&YhFCG[ml

s ¥ w 'vnO*§±L rlL o'8Q´FH/17AKiRS'8E£.59A*ID:2)E+2)0%*-.5*-E+(<')R'8;Y\*=C-.O0%'o@A*-Q1(£RSE+')0 /1032)K8*`@A*-(+C=E/1DB.+/1'87B(=Le/67
O7 =¤R8)7B ] %¢H5µ JH]5]
)J)H¢ °j :JÂDADL T ¥ T a T ¥ u ^ T ( BL

s ¨
w 'vnO*§±L rLi¯`9AE*=*]a
@A/10%*=7B(+/1')7:2)QN');H\*=C].iE+*=C-'8K87A/´.5/6'87ÂRSE+')0½(/17AK8Q6*q.dnO'4ad@B/10%*=7A(/1'87:24QN/10la
2)K8*-(=L , gy []) mg :¡] ´¢H]]^ '8Q!LB¨ T ^RI'ALÀ¨BÂDBDeLÀ¨
ad¨
^ T (Uu L

s ¨ T=w _?AEE52bT L L´^3/ NLW247A@ B24(.5E>T'L L² Â24.59B*=0324.5/6Cb2)QMd7U.+E+'H@A?AC-.+/1'87Ä.5' I');').+/1C

Â2)7A/6DA?AQ124.5/6'87eL 8AqO 7 ]^ T
Ì L
s Ü¥ w *-*=@A9:240¯hL /1(?:2)Q ')03DAQ6*]f²7:2)Q´To(/1(-L +bj+ :)]5]!O7 5]^ T
u
s ¨8¨ w &*-En2)(+( ,LÅ²,DBDAQ1/6Cb24.+/1'87A(')Rhrh*=')03*].5E+/6C#²Q1K8*-;AE52ª/17 ')03DA?o.5*=E /1(/1'87eL G )%=g¢H
:)]5]4^À&£9eL §±LA¯`9A*-(+/6(=^¥

oL~²F42)/6QP2);AQ6*h24. FCGGIH3JLKK MMCM YhHdc;WMP_PSS&Y1b`c
s ¨ Ì w &*-En2)(+( ,L2)7A@ªÊI/1Q1@B*=7Y;AE5247A@ª§±L,²(+DJ*=C].5(h')ROrh*='80%*-.+E+/6C²Q1K8*-;AE523/17
£?AC-Q1/6@A*b2)7ê&£E+'4a
\*=C].5/6F)*Â247A@ ')7BRS'8E+032)Q oDA2)C=*4L<²7¿Md7U.5E'o@B?AC-.+'8ET¾¯?B.5')E+/P24Q!L H:!+) I8 d:jg (
ÇH)g1:]]y%))\,j^À ´=¥5
8HöLA ²TF4:2)/6QP)2)];A5]Q6*I24) . 3 >!] @ gB]y H%<H ? ]bbjg%)y oJ 7 j1:

FCGGIH0J^KK MMM0Y Q a dUeWe[V_eGmQTi YhgaBQ;OeimQ;c`lY bdc`KNW`c;HfUNWIGBSIK

s ¨ jw I')(+*=7B9:2)9A7 ,L &'8(*

£(.5/60#2j.5/1')7 W*-FH/1(/6.5*-@ H:!+) W8 d:jg N? Hg1])
, ´=5HS Tµ:)]5]) 3> !] @3] B] o o ] bbjg%) $oJ9O7 jy1: ª):]%)y j^

¥
8öLB²F42)/6QP2);BQ1*2j. FCGGIH0J^KK MMM0YifS&Y Q(a dUNWe[f_eGmQ(i YgCaBQNO;iBQNc`lY1b`c

s ¨
w I')(+*=7B9:2)9A7 ,L´^ o'80%0%*=ElrlL2)7A@ &hQ1*].+.5* LÇ&'8(+*.
£(>.5/10324.+/1'87')RIk:E+*=*ga
RS'8E0 Zh;Y\*=C-.+(
« ¯`9A*-'8ETh2)7A@
~foDJ*=E/10%*=7U.5(5¬]LH:!+) I8 d:jg& r8 r8 b^*=7U.5E*<RS')EMd032)K8*£¯*=C9Ha

7A'8Q6'8K)T247A@ W'8;J').5/6C=(=^À¯2)032)XY/ [2)03DB?A(=^ 7A/´F8*-E+(+/´.dT')R£²?ACXYQP2)7A@ê¥ Ì LA²IF)24/1QP24;AQ1*i24.
FCGCGIH0JLKKNMMM Y^]`Q(GCWZY _egm]TiVl;_ea`bZY _V]&Yha fK GPcP] F`W`cNHBUNWIGmSK

¥ (
s ¨ ujw I')(+*=7B9:2)9A7 L6^£&*=E>n[2)(( 9eL2)7A@ o')030%*=EqrlL_k:E*=*]a!RS'8E+0 DJ'8(+*3*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87Ç;UT?B(+/17BK
4
.dnW/1(>.£E+*-DAE+*-(+*=7U.524.5/6'87A( , ¢Hj]Hl!+)^ W*=C-*=/6F)*=@
Â2)/ T ^Y¥
8¥o^8E+*]FH/1(+*-@ 82)7Y?:2)ETl¥ T ^Y¥
8¨B^
'80%0±?A7A/6Cb24.+*=@;UT L ,L *=Q´.5Xj2)0%De^?I'ALÀ¨ ( ^BDAD T a T#T ¨B^:¥ Ì L
s ¨ (4w I')(+*=7B9:2)9A7 ,L´^<&*=E>n[24(+( ,L£2)7A@ o')030%*=ErlLt&'8(**=(.+/10324.5/6'87'4RIRSE*=*ga
RS'8E0 (+?BER2)C-*
7 8 P
03'H@A*-Q1(=L Md7 [)¡]g W+¢):!j )S
&hE+*=Q6Q «
G@B(=L ¬]
)$ Àj,:] ol^ ,L _/6C9:2)*-Q1/1(¦2)7A@rL
^ oDAE/17AK8*-E>a *=E+Q12)KA^ *=EQ1/17BKÊ*=/6@A*=Q6;*-E+KAH^ _¥ u (KT ÂDBDeL 8u Ì a (KT L
7
s
¨ w o*=Q6/1K BL LOri*-'80%*-.5E/1Chk:'8?B7A@:24.+/1'87A(')R W'8;J').5/6C=(-L °jg ´ e]!]:
[ SA= 1HH¢)Â¥

BL
0
s Ì w o'80%03*-EWrlL6^:*-@A/6.+'8E=L<rh*='80%*-.+E+/6C '80%DA?B.5/67AK±nW/6.+9 Q6/6È'8E+@²Q1K8*-;AE52oL 8J]H¢H] J]g ´¢)^
¥
T L

B
s Ì T=w ¯*-Q1Q6' Lk:'8?AE/1*=EN@A*=(C=E+/6DB.5')E+(£RS'8E£C=')03DA?o.5*=E£K)E52)DA9B/1C=(-L 4I>I>I B)B=H]y!jBj Àv]d]
P Ç) <)J ~8]]g]!]^ '8Q!LA¥ R ^ I'AL ÂDBDeL ( T a ( ^ T
L

s Ì ¥ w ¸Å24Q1X)*-E L ¸»L2)7A@ o9:2)' £L
£(.+/10324.5/67AK%¨jad@VQ1'HCb24.+/1'87DA2)E52)0%*-.+*=E(?A(/17AK%@A?:24Q7Y?A0;*-E
AA % 70D< 2
pY?:24.5*-E+7A/6'87A(-L ]%¢H JH]5]!)J)H¢)^ '8Q!L Ì R^ I'AL:¨B^:DADL ¨ (
¨ u ^ T
T L
3
s Ì ¨ w O2)K8Q6'80 tLOk:*-Q1/´f &hQ1*-/172)7A@ o')DA9Y?A( /6*)LW ! U]]^ '8(.+'87e^ T ( (
s Ì8Ì w *=EE+'8?AKB^ LÀ2)7A@ *]F424.5/12B^ L<&'8(+**=(>.5/10324.+/1'87¦'4R~0±?AQ´.5/ adD:2)E>.[C-?AEF)*=@Â');H\*=C].5(=L g%¢H
# ` $
JH]5]!)J)H¢ Âj : jÂDBDeL ( ¨ T a ( ¨ ^ T

s Ì jw e2)7AK NLWM
.5*=E+24.5/´F8*qD'8/67U.,0324.5C9B/17AKRS'8EIE+*=K)/1(.+E524.+/1'87V')R~RSE*=*ga
RS'8E0C=?AE>F8*=(2)7A@°(?AER2)C-*=(-L
.BA 'DV P. E
]:d]]J)!jJ) : H]J) ¡ Oj, Hd] 1]!j:^ '8QyL T ¨B^ I'ALY¥o^YDADeL TT ja T ¥o^ T

BL
¥

Pose Estimation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Pose Estimation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pose Estimation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



kN/6K8?AE+* )T x Z ?AE24(+(+?B03DB.+/1'87B(RS'8Eh.+9A*¦¥4§a¡¨8§©D')(+*#*-(.+/10324.5/6'87ªDAE+');AQ1*-0 x#« Q6*-R.g¬irh/6F)*=7­/6(247

kN/6K8?AE+*¥ x 6/ (+?:2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87Å')R.59A*DJ'8(+*V*=(>.5/10324.+/1'87®DAE'8;AQ6*=0 x ¯`9A*V.52)(+X®/6(l.5'ªm:7A@Á.59A*E+/6K8/1@

kN/6K8?AE+*i¨ x 6/ (+?:2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87q'4RJ2,(.+*=E+*-'8K8E+2)DA9A/6C[DAE+'v\*=C-.+/1'87qRS'8EN.59B* T §Cb24(+* x &'8/67U.5(~'87q.59A*[C-/1EC=Q1*

Ê*-E+*EDFD2);A;AE*-FH/P24.+*=(£J5¡b]y)GJ ´)]^GD /ÇJ5¡b]y)`dBH]^GH /¹jbbjg%) BdBH2)7A@ 1 /

#"7#" 7- ,+<O/21PM;8:3=< - /;3=<>%('% )RQ%8SMTQ9/9,+/-NM;3M ,68

C='H'8E@A/17:2j.5*h(TH(>.5*=0 /6(WE+*=DBE+*=(*=7U.5*-@°;UTV2l(+*=pY?A*-7AC=*q')R~0%').+'8E+Y( ; P 3222  ; 'vLG¯`9A*C=')7A(.+E52)/67Y.

XL/XP−constraint 10%−90% XP−constraint

kN/6K8?AE+*  x *-R. x ²7*-Q1Q1/6DA(+*lK)*=7A*-E524.+*=@t;YTª.dnO'VC='8?ADBQ1*=@Ç.dnW/1(>.5(-L W/1K89U. x &'8(*3*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7ª')R

kN/6K8?AE+* T x *-R. x ¨8§a¡¨j.dnW/1(.,K8*=7B*=E52j.5*=@t(+?BER2)C-*=(=

kN/6K8?AE+* TT8x  *-R. x &£E+'v\*=C-.+/1'87B(£')Re2 T adD:2)E+2)0%*-.5E/1C<C=?AE>F8*I/17U.5*-E+DAE*-.+*=@%2)(~.5/603*O@A*=DJ*=7B@A*=7U.GRS?A7ACga

kN/6K8?AE+* T ¥ x  *-R. x /6(+?:24Q1/1c=24.5/6'87t')RW.59A*M [&Na¡24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0 @A?AE+/67AK°.59B*¦/6.+*=E52j.5/1')7eL I/6K89U. x §/6RPa

3 47 !"[ =*  '=*,%  6 !*  #$% ! ( 

kN/6K8?AE+* T ¨ x & ')(+*E+*-(+?AQ´.5(±'4RI2)7®'8;H\*-C-.±nW/´.59®D:2)E>.5/12)Q1Q´Tª'oC-C=Q6?A@A*=@®C-'87U.5'8?BE+(=LÇ¯`9A*#Q1*-R./1032)K8*

¯`9A/6(0%*b2)7B(=^)nO*[9:2bF8*<.59AE*=*W¥4§¼RS?A7AC].5/1')7A(  % « P  Tg¬ x M  % T M Á2)C-.+/17AKI'87.+9A*@A/´È*-E+*-7Y.N;:2)(*

ÊI*=E+*n*q9:2bF8*±E*=DAQ12)C=*-@_.+9A*/60#2)K)/17:2)E>T¦?AT 7B/6.U/  4 T nW/6.+9V.+9AE+*-*@A/´È*-E+*-7Y.,E+').524.5/6'87V2jfo*=(-^

E+*-DAE+*-(+*-7Y.+*=@;YT_.59A*;A/6F)*=C-.+'8E+( % ^nW/6.+8 9  4 T Lq¯`9A*lC-'80%DAQ1*gfªk:'8?AE/1*-E,(+*-E+/6*=(C-'o* 3C-/1*-7Y.+(

Nk /1K)?AE+* T ox §/6È*=E*=7U.WD')(+*iE+*-(+?AQ´.5(W')R.59A*i'8;H\*-C-.I0%'o@A*-Q!L

s ¥ w ²,E;B.5*-E &lLv2)7B@ ?BE+XY9:2)E@B.ÊqL=

s T#T=w §'8E+(>. £LµÊI'87A/17BKK8*-'803*].5E/1CI2)Q1K)*=;AE+2iRS'8E</6.+(O?B(+*/673.59B*,C=')03DA?o.5*=E<(+C-/1*-7AC=*-(=LMd7Çs Ì w ^HDADeL

7 s ¥ w Ê*-(.5*-7A*=(§±L2)7A@ H'8;C-c-THX®rlL Q6/6È'8E+@²,Q6K8*=;AE+2_.5'ªri*-'803*].5E/1C [2)Q1C-?AQ1?A(-L q¤ W]H]

s ¥ ujw /WÊqL´^[Ê*-(.+*=7A*-(§±LG2)7A@ I'HCXUn'H'H@¿²L¿rh*=7A*-E52)Q6/1c=*-@¼9B'803')K8*=7A*-'8?A(C='H'8E@A/17:2j.5*=(lRS'8E

s ¨ T=w _?AEE52bT L L´^3/ NLW247A@ B24(.5E>T'L L² Â24.59B*=0324.5/6Cb2)QMd7U.+E+'H@A?AC-.+/1'87Ä.5' I');').+/1C

FCGGIH0J^KK MMM0Y Q a dUeWe[V_eGmQTi YhgaBQ;OeimQ;c`lY bdc`KNW`c;HfUNWIGBSIK

s ¨ jw I')(+*=7B9:2)9A7 ,L &'8(*

You might also like

kN/6K8?AE+* )T x Z ?AE24(+(+?B03DB.+/1'87B(RS'8Eh.+9A¦¥4§a¡¨8§©D')(+#-(.+/10324.5/6'87ªDAE+');AQ1-0 x#« Q6-R.g¬irh/6F)=7/6(247

kN/6K8?AE+¥ x 6/ (+?:2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87Å')R.59ADJ'8(+V=(>.5/10324.+/1'87®DAE'8;AQ6=0 x ¯`9AV.52)(+X®/6(l.5'ªm:7A@Á.59A*E+/6K8/1@

kN/6K8?AE+i¨ x 6/ (+?:2)Q6/1c=24.5/6'87q'4RJ2,(.+=E+-'8K8E+2)DA9A/6C[DAE+'v\=C-.+/1'87qRS'8EN.59B* T §Cb24(+* x &'8/67U.5(~'87q.59A[C-/1EC=Q1

Ê-E+EDFD2);A;AE-FH/P24.+=(£J5¡b]y)GJ ´)]^GD /ÇJ5¡b]y)`dBH]^GH /¹jbbjg%) BdBH2)7A@ 1 /

#"7#" 7- ,+<O/21PM;8:3=< - /;3=<>%('% )RQ%8SMTQ9/9,+/-NM;3M ,68

C='H'8E@A/17:2j.5h(TH(>.5=0/6(WE+=DBE+=(=7U.5-@°;UTV2l(+=pY?A-7AC=q')R~0%').+'8E+Y( ; P 3222 ; 'vLG¯`9AC=')7A(.+E52)/67Y.

kN/6K8?AE+* x -R. x ²7-Q1Q1/6DA(+lK)=7A-E524.+=@t;YTª.dnO'VC='8?ADBQ1=@Ç.dnW/1(>.5(-L W/1K89U. x &'8(3*-(.5/60#2j.5/1')7ª')R

kN/6K8?AE+* T x -R. x ¨8§a¡¨j.dnW/1(.,K8=7B=E52j.5=@t(+?BER2)C-*=(=

kN/6K8?AE+* TT8x -R. x &£E+'v\=C-.+/1'87B(£')Re2 T adD:2)E+2)0%-.5E/1C<C=?AE>F8I/17U.5-E+DAE-.+=@%2)(~.5/603O@A=DJ=7B@A*=7U.GRS?A7ACga

kN/6K8?AE+* T ¥ x -R. x /6(+?:24Q1/1c=24.5/6'87t')RW.59AM [&Na¡24Q1K8'8E/6.+9A0 @A?AE+/67AK°.59B¦/6.+=E52j.5/1')7eL I/6K89U. x §/6RPa

3 47 !"[ =* '=,% 6 ! #$% ! (

kN/6K8?AE+* T ¨ x & ')(+E+-(+?AQ´.5(±'4RI2)7®'8;H\-C-.±nW/´.59®D:2)E>.5/12)Q1Q´Tª'oC-C=Q6?A@A=@®C-'87U.5'8?BE+(=LÇ¯`9A#Q1-R./1032)K8*

¯`9A/6(0%b2)7B(=^)nO[9:2bF8<.59AE=*W¥4§¼RS?A7AC].5/1')7A( % « P Tg¬ x M % T M Á2)C-.+/17AKI'87.+9A@A/´È-E+-7Y.N;:2)(

ÊI=E+nq9:2bF8±E=DAQ12)C=-@_.+9A/60#2)K)/17:2)E>T¦?AT 7B/6.U/ 4 T nW/6.+9V.+9AE+-@A/´È-E+-7Y.,E+').524.5/6'87V2jfo=(-^

E+-DAE+-(+-7Y.+=@;YT_.59A;A/6F)=C-.+'8E+( % ^nW/6.+8 9 4 T Lq¯`9AlC-'80%DAQ1gfªk:'8?AE/1-E,(+-E+/6=(C-'o 3C-/1*-7Y.+(

Nk /1K)?AE+* T ox §/6È=E=7U.WD')(+iE+-(+?AQ´.5(W')R.59Ai'8;H\-C-.I0%'o@A*-Q!L

s ¥ w ²,E;B.5*-E &lLv2)7B@ ?BE+XY9:2)E@B.ÊqL=

s T#T=w §'8E+(>. £LµÊI'87A/17BKK8-'803].5E/1CI2)Q1K)=;AE+2iRS'8E</6.+(O?B(+/673.59B,C=')03DA?o.5=E<(+C-/1-7AC=-(=LMd7Çs Ì w ^HDADeL

7 s ¥ w Ê-(.5-7A=(§±L2)7A@ H'8;C-c-THX®rlL Q6/6È'8E+@²,Q6K8=;AE+2_.5'ªri-'803].5E/1C [2)Q1C-?AQ1?A(-L q¤ W]H]

s ¥ ujw /WÊqL´^[Ê-(.+=7A-(§±LG2)7A@ I'HCXUn'H'H@¿²L¿rh=7A-E52)Q6/1c=-@¼9B'803')K8=7A-'8?A(C='H'8E@A/17:2j.5*=(lRS'8E

s ¨ T=w _?AEE52bT L L´^3/ NLW247A@ B24(.5E>T'L L² Â24.59B*=0324.5/6Cb2)QMd7U.+E+'H@A?AC-.+/1'87Ä.5' I');').+/1C

FCGGIH0J^KK MMM0Y Q a dUeWe[V_eGmQTi YhgaBQ;OeimQ;c`lY bdc`KNW`c;HfUNWIGBSIK

s ¨ jw I')(+=7B9:2)9A7 ,L &'8(